Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) DERBYSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 72 July 2011

Cover story The Water Pump at Weston

Described as a water pump, this The to Melbourne railway much graffitied structure lies beside opened in 1868, reaching Ashby the and below the old railway bridge on following year. It carried passengers the former LMS line from Derby to and freight and finally closed in Ashby at Weston on Trent. It 1982 after which time it became remains stolidly splendid in its latter part of the Sustrans cycle network - day neglect. Closer inspection Route 64 to be precise. In the revealed a cistern below, meantime, passenger traffic ceased presumably for the abstraction and in 1930 and from 1939 to 1945, storage of water from the Trent and Weston and Kings Newton became the remains of a brick shelter for a vast military training area with who knows what. It is assumed that particular reference to the training a substantial part of its of railway engineers for the superstructure has gone missing, if duration. it was indeed for replenishing the water in the passing steam trains. During the construction of the line Not being overly familiar with the in 1867 an Anglo Saxon cremation ins and outs of steam locomotives cemetery, complete with urns, was and their attendant structures, discovered at Kings Newton. perhaps someone can (briefly) enlighten me. Barbara Foster

Have you seen our Internet Website at www.derbyshireas.org.uk

Contents DAS AGM ...... 2 Industrial Archaeology ...... 15 Library Notes ...... 2 IA Reviews of Emiac 81 ...... 21 Programme Sec Report ...... 3 New Members ...... 22 Ticknall Archaeological Res Group...... 3 Book Reviews ...... 22 Archaeological Research Group ...... 4 Pilling Award ...... 24 Architectural Section ...... 8 Small Ads ...... 25 Derbyshire Miscellany ...... 10 Festival of British Archaeology ...... 26 Local History Section ...... 11 Emiac 82 (16 Oct ‗11) Northamptonshire 27 Photographs courtesy of the authors, members, The Magic Attic Archives, (Swadlincote) or Wikipedia (Under Wikimedia Commons Licence)

2 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) THE AGM

This year the AGM took place at Derby University, our usual venue at the Museum being refurbished. After the formal proceedings had been held, the Society was treated to an excellent and thought provoking lecture by Dr. Paul Elliot on ―The Science of the English Enlightenment‖ which led us through the intertwined networks of the great intellectual thinkers and the scientific entrepreneurs of the 18th century and beyond.

After his three year term as Chairman of the Society, Graeme Walker stood down and we would like to thank him for his good work during that time, not least as an excellent and jolly host at the Society lectures and events. We are pleased to report that Mrs Jane Heginbotham will be the new Chairman for the next three years with Mrs Pat Tinkler as the Vice Chairman.

Julian Richards, the well known archaeologist who has entertained and enlightened the Society with lectures over the years and as a guide on the Winchester visit was elected as President for the next three years. Barbara Foster

THE LIBRARY NOTES

After the problems of the last six months the LIBRARY SERVICE CAN BE USED AGAIN. Members should go to the counter at the back of the main library in The Ward- wick, ask for and fill in a DAS Library Loan Slip with author and title OR Journal title and volume number and/or date and then, in particular, for books, the accession number from the bookplate, then add date, your name and signature. (Periodical journals do not have accession numbers).

Give that to a member of staff and they should be able to go down into the far base- ment and get the item for you. But please be patient the staff are all new to the job and have not been introduced to our Library (in spite of my several offers) and may have diffi- culty with some, more unusual, items. However until things are more certain it would be useful if members continue to refer their needs to me and I can meet them there or get out the item(s) before their intended visit ready for their collection. (see cover for my details).

During this time we have still been adding books and journals to our Library by gift, purchase and book review. We have added Keith Taylor‘s. Aspect of Dales’ life through peace and war (gift); Adrian Farmer‘s and Mike Smith‘s books of Belper and Chesterfield Through Time; Stephen Cliffe‘s Derbyshire Cavemen; Rieuwerts‘ third volume on lead mining Elton to via Gellia (all review); through the good offices of Heather Eaton a paper by Anthony Peers on the East and West Terraces on Hopping Hill at Milford; and, of course, that great tome by the Derby Street Detectives on Sadler Gate; Miriam Wood on the Holden family and the Aston Estate (all gifts); Jill Banks Derbyshire illustrated letter- heads (at Kedleston); and finally Wait for me! by the Dowager Duchess (purchased).

We are still processing the gifts of two collections of books so more details next time. Meanwhile let me know what you need from the Library. Ray Marjoram

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 3

Programme Secretary's Newsletter Report Winter Programme 2010-11 Winter Programme 2011-12

The talk at the Society Social at the The winter programme is nearing its December Social was given by Michael completion with many interesting lectures McGuire and titled 'Five Months in and this year we have 4 main lectures Northumberland' (apologies to author of 'A already booked. The Winter Programme Year in Provence') which gave an insight to starts on September 30th and is titled 'For the McGuires' work at Vindolanda and the godliness and order: the parish in ongoing stone project which is supported by seventeenth century' by Dr Richard Clark. the British Geological Survey (Edinburgh). This will be followed on October 28th by a This was followed by the usual goodies lecture on 'Prehistoric Art' by Dr Paul Bahn provided by members of the Society - this is with the WEA.

The Society lecture in January was given On January 13th, Dr Ffiona Gilmore- by our President, Canon Michael Mallender Eaves will give a talk to the Society on on 'The Travels of a Silver Dish' referring to 'Messages in Stone: the mosaics of Roman the original Risley Lanx and not the North Africa' and on March 2nd we hope infamous fake. to have a lecture to the DAS/WEA given by Dan Cruickshank - title unknown at this Julian Richards' lecture to the WEA in date. March was 'Stonehenge - investigation and inspiration' and although I have been All four lectures will be in Room OL1 within the stones three times now and at the University of Derby on Kedleston came away on each occasion fairly Road and at the usual time of 7.30pm. bewildered, his explanation of how things may have been and where the stones came Malise McGuire from may help to clear the fog.

Ticknall Archaeological Research Group

At last, an alternative laboratory has been found to carry out the chemical analysis of Ticknall pots. The delay in this work – which is funded by the DAS Pilling Award – was caused by the untimely death of Dr Alan Vince, who was a pioneer of this special tech- nique. We look forward to what should be an interesting report.

In the meantime TARG has been busy with fieldwalking, resistivity surveys, land- scape walks and classes in archaeological drawing together with a major pot washing and cataloguing job on the finds from the Ivy Lea site. They are participating in one of the Calke Abbey archaeological days on July 24th.

Disappointingly the group didn‘t receive Lottery funding for a further excavation at Peats Close however permission has been granted for a series of test pits on the site later this month to get a bit of an idea of what‘s down there. Barbara Foster

4 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) ARCHAEOLOGICAL earthwork consisting of a bank and ditch, RESEARCH GROUP traceable in the landscape for about 1.6 km. The line is broken several times, Recent Archaeology in the chiefly on the steeper escarpments of the hillsides, and the talk looked at it in four Peak District sections: one section along a hilltop southeast of Bradwell, two sections across Ken Smith, cultural heritage manager the valley floor and a further length which for the Peak District National Park, opened is visible on a hill to the northwest. The our 2011 season with a talk on Recent excavation, which examined one of the Archaeology in the Peak District. The talk stretches across the valley floor, showed ranged over a number of sites, including the ditch to have been an impressive size, Ecton Copper Mines where we viewed about two metres deep, the cut angled at some impressive caverns of varying age. A nearly 45 degrees. Its purpose is uncertain: historic perspective of Nine Ladies stone it was debated whether it had been built as circle on Stanton Moor demonstrated a barrier across all routes leading changes in the setting of the monument southwards out of the Hope Valley, over time (with or without a surrounding possibly because of the rich lead seams wall). A major restoration project had been above Bradwell. It has been generally carried out at Calver Weir on the River accepted that the ditch was built some time Derwent, a Listed Grade 2 structure built in the 5th to 7th centuries, during a period in the 19th century to power Calver Mill. of political instability following the Roman The weir had fallen into disrepair with withdrawal. The excavation found no some sections in imminent danger of absolute evidence for this but finds of collapse. In 2009-2010 it was restored with Roman Derbyshire Ware beneath the first the support of the Peak District National cut of the ditch indicate that it is no earlier Park and the help of the Heritage Lottery than the late 2nd century. Fund, the work being carried out by Tomlinson. Conservation work had also been carried out at Throwley Old Hall, overlooking the Manifold valley. The Hall was built in 1603 as a manor house but had for many years been ruinous. The walls of one wing have survived and these have been consolidated and made accessible to the public. The talk aroused much interest and discussion.

Grey Ditch

A talk on Catholme had been scheduled Grey Ditch for February 25 but was cancelled at the eleventh hour when Henry Chapman found ARG AGM & Fieldwork Report. he was going abroad; fortunately Graeme Guilbert stepped into the breach with a talk At the Annual General Meeting, Mike on his excavation of the Grey Ditch at Butler was elected Chairman as Geoff Bradwell. The Grey Ditch is a linear Marler has completed his three years in

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 5 that post. The secretary, Joan D‘Arcy, Manor Lodge signalled her intention to resign as programme secretary and the Section is A mile east of Sheffield City centre, seeking a replacement. There followed this exciting building was visited on 19 reports on fieldwork undertaken during the June 2011. A building was first erected on year. Sue Ebbins discussed the work done the site by the de Furnivals in the 1330s as at Longwalls Lane by Alan Palfreyman a hunting lodge set within a 2,500 acre and herself on a Romano-British quern deer park. In 1406 the park was bought by making site. As well as excavation, Keith John Talbot (1st ) who and Barbara Foster have carried out some built a large manor house with a long resistivity surveying there. Mike Butler gallery in 1516, some remains of which then described the latest chapter on work at still stand. One guest was Cardinal Wolsey Dalley Lane where a stone structure had in 1530. The house was remodelled and been partially exposed in 2010. Recent extended by the 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, work has found that the structure covers a who also built the Turret House (Grade II well. A report is pending. Next, Joan listed) in 1574 as an imposing gate house D‘Arcy described the finding of a large and hunting tower. Mary Queen of Scots number of Roman potsherds in Darley was an occasional visitor during her Playing Fields at Little Chester (see also imprisonment at . In 1616, below in the Summer Programme report). the site passed by marriage to the Dukes of Finally, Keith Foster talked on resistivity Norfolk and the house‘s decline began. It surveying in general and the results of the was partly demolished in 1708 and a work in Darley Fields. mining village grew up around it. In 1907, the 15th Duke recognised the historic Little Chester Summer Fieldwork importance of the 16th century buildings and cleared away the later buildings. In Last year, members of the Section 1953 the site was leased to Sheffield surveyed and collected a large number of Council. The Green Estate took the lease in Roman potsherds at the site of a former 2004 and now manages the site. bowling green at Little Chester where a hedge had been grubbed out. Some resistivity was done under the aegis of Barbara and Keith Foster at the same time. On May 21 this year some 20 members assembled at the Stone House Prebend to sort out the potsherds and continue the resistivity work. Three teams set to work, numbering each sherd and recording their characteristics on a spreadsheet. A fourth team worked on the resistivity survey under the tutelage of Keith and Barbara, covering an area to the west of the previous survey. A sherd data base is to be Some 20 members of the Society established and a report written. enjoyed an excellent day there, which was also an Open Day. Arriving on site, we John & Joan D’Arcy were struck by the splendid meadow of wild flowers: seeds for these were on sale

6 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) in the Centre which had been built with the finds which are now on display. The hoard help of a Heritage Lottery grant. Dawn appears to have been ritually buried; 14 Hadfield gave an introductory talk on the groups of coins have been found, buried in excavations that had taken place over the association with silver objects including an last three years. Finds were on show, ingot of melted-down coins and a including kilnware from John Foxe‘s short magnificent Roman parade helmet. There lived 18th century potworks, and items were also bones from 400 hundred pigs from the mining village. We were then (mostly missing the right foreleg) and three taken on a tour of the historic buildings by dog skeletons were found, buried at the Peter Machin, the Green Estate Manager. entrance to the site. The site was in use The extant buildings include one wall of from the late Iron Age through to the early the long gallery of 1516, an adjacent Roman period. The 5000 gold and mainly garderobe tower and a ruined north range silver coins make it the largest and earliest of service rooms in part of which an Iron Age coin hoard yet discovered in Apothecary‘s Garden had recently been . The Roman helmet is still being laid out. The complete Turret House was conserved at the British Museum, but the the highlight of the tour: this had survived coins make an impressive display. In the the various demolitions, having been used afternoon many of us went to Hallaton as a farmhouse until the mid 20th century. village which is a picturesque place about It has two rooms on each of three floors. 10 miles from Market Harborough. This The rooms on the top floor have retained has a small museum dedicated to the their original 16th century strapwork hoard, though the finds are at Market plaster ceilings, one having many reliefs of Harborough. There is a fine medieval Shrewsbury badges. There is also a large church and a pub with a cafe attached, so a plaster overmantel in this room. One room good time was had by all. contained an exhibition of the work of the John & Joan D’Arcy Manor Weavers and of the National Guild of Embroiderers, emphasising the Darley Playing Fields Resistivity involvement of the local community and Survey the importance of needlework in the history of the area. Outside, several digs This is a composite picture of two were operating and there was a surveys done this year and last – the demonstration of medieval cookery, with second survey was done to extend the area samples to try and the recipes available. around the former Bowling Green, the removal of the hedging of which had Market Harborough revealed a scatter of Roman pottery. A line of relatively high resistivity EW, We went to Market Harborough on 1 combined with a map overlay appears to July, primarily to view the Hallaton Hoard confirm the line of Stukeley‘s Road and which is housed in a new purpose-built would indicate that the pot scatter was gallery in the town museum. We were found by the side this ancient roadway. No greeted by Helen Sharp, Project Officer at obvious signs of a building on the bowling Harborough Museum, who gave a run- green were seen on the first resistivity down of the initial discovery by members survey. The area of very high resistivity in of Hallaton Historical Society, the the left foreground extends from the base subsequent excavation under the of the flood defence bund and may have supervision of English Heritage, and the something to do with its construction but

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 7

Around ex Bowling Green

8 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) together with the squareish area of highish projects, either as a clerk of works resistivity to the right of it could possibly (Foremark, Longford Hall and from 1775- suggest a building or two. Alternatively it 82 at Kedleston Hall for Robert Adam), a could be one of several gravelled areas that contractor (Derby Assembly Rooms) or as have been found in the vicinity of the fort. a designer/builder (Etruria for Josiah You may notice an alignment of small dark Wedgwood, Sandon Hall for the Earl of rectangles in this area (above the second Harrowby, St Helen's House for John hachure from the left, with one bang in the Gisborne, St Mary's church, Birmingham, middle of Stukeley‘s Road) which turned Trinity Hospital, Leicester). He built his out to be a series of small trenches dug in own house at 41 Friargate in 1768-9. the 1960s (DAJ1972). The findings – (in James Denstone also worked at particular a small pit containing Flavian- Kedleston as a clerk of works, succeeding Hadrianic pottery and infilled c AD 130 - Samuel Wyatt. He designed Markeaton 150) – were taken as confirmation of a Hall in 1755 and built a town house in the long held view that was a civil settlement Wardwick, Derby for F.N.C. Mundy in in this area. If only X did mark the spot! 1779. Samuel Brown carried out works for The dark are of low resistivity in the the Harpur-Crewe family at Calke Abbey, upper left just before the area is clipped by both at the Abbey and Repton Park, and Ryknield St is an area of recently replanted was the architect for the Derbyshire grass! General Infirmary. John Welch (1759- Barbara Foster 1823) was responsible for the building of the Judges Lodgings in Derby, the Derby ARCHITECTURAL SECTION Shot Tower and the Welch and Orme Terraces on Siddals Road. James Derbyshire's Architect Builders Rawlinson built extensively for the Arkwrights, including a house for Mr

Arkwright in 1777 and Lady Genorchy's Maxwell Craven's lecture in February Chapel House. looked at a selection of 18th and 19thC The breed did not really vanish until provincial Derbyshire architects. At that the later 19th century, by which time the time there were very few true architects, architectural profession had become much most were skilled and experienced more exclusive and builders had become - builders who acted as architect/designers, well, builders. master builders and property developers. Jane Steer Robert Adam called them 'Reptile artizans who have crawled about and infested the country for many years'. There are several known 'Reptile artizans' in Derbyshire such as Joseph Pickford, James Denstone, John Welch, the Finneys, Joseph and Thomas Cooper, John Price, John Mason and the Bridgarts in Derby and George Rawlinson of Matlock Bath. The most important was Joseph Pickford (1736-82). Throughout his working life he was involved in major Ingestre Hall (West Front)

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 9 St Mary's Church, Ingestre, considerable sum, showing that he had Staffordshire done well out of his business. In March Bob Meeson came to tell us Barbara Hutton about the church at Ingestre, Staffs, which he will show us on a visit this summer. Visit to Sealwood Cottage and The owner of the adjacent Hall, Walter Gresley Old Hall Chetwynd, obtained a licence from the Bishop of Lichfield to demolish the Philip Heath led our visit to Sealwood existing church and build a replacement. Cottage and Gresley Old Hall in May. In This was achieved by 1676 and has been the early 19thC both properties belonged attributed to Wren, who was known to to branches of the Gresley family seated at Chetwynd as a fellow member of the Royal Netherseal and Drakelow respectively. Society. A signed drawing by Wren, in the Sealwood Cottage, one of the earliest Victoria and Albert Museum, is entitled Mr examples of a gothick cottage in the Chetwins Tower, but although it would country, was designed as a small rural have fitted the church, the spire shown on retreat by William Combe, the somewhat the drawing was never built. notorious Georgian hack-writer, in 1773. A few years ago the roof was The visitors were intrigued by its discovered to be in grave danger of construction with re-used timber framing, collapse. Scaffolding was hastily erected external shutters that slide sideways into and the lead roof dismantled. Appalling rot the walls and interior fittings which was found in the load-bearing timbers included a Georgian pull-out bed!! It has which Bob showed us when he was recently been extensively repaired and explaining how the roof was constructed. It extended as a private house by Mr and Mrs also transpired that the beautiful and Goodall who kindly gave us tea. Gresley heavy moulded plaster ceiling was built on Old Hall is a late 16thC house, rebuilt in laths simply nailed onto the ceiling joists. brick about a century later, when it Bob went on to compare in revealing acquired its distinctive Dutch gables. detail the work at Ingestre with St Brides Much historic detail was lost when the in London, a known Wren church. To me, house was converted to a Miners' Welfare this sounded pretty conclusive, but Bob Centre in 1954 and the house is in a poor went on to explain that by the seventeenth state, though some repairs are anticipated. century architects and craftsmen worked The upper floors were largely left alone in not alone but as the heads of large the 1950s and still preserve their historic companies employing workers to atmosphere. One of the rooms has early/ undertake the whole of a job, not only the mid 18th century plaster cornicing which design. He illustrated this with the example doubled up as a tester of a bed. The of Edward Pierce who was responsible for curtains would be hung direct from the Ingestre's decorative plasterwork, and ceiling to create the effect of a four poster incidentally for a handsome bust of Wren bed without the need for posts! himself. Pierce had worked on a large Philip Heath number of important buildings during his career and usually on several at Visit to St Mary's Church, Ingestre overlapping dates, so that he evidently was and Ingestre Hall running a big enterprise with teams of It was HOT the day our party of 27 workers. In his will, Pierce left a very went to Ingestre in June. The first visit was

10 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) to the church, which has recently been as the then Countess had an affair with the restored. Refreshments were on offer when Director and the Earl promptly sold the we arrived, and very welcome they were. house to West Bromwich Council. The The church, completed in 1677, was Hall is now a Residential Arts Centre run described by Bob Meeson at a recent DAS by Sandwell District Council. From the talk and Bob was there to explain more: outside, it is still a 17th century building his emphasis was on the evidence that this (the outer walls largely survived the fire) building was designed by Wren himself, and the Victorian interior was made to rather than by one of his team. The church blend in with this style. The principal east was paid for by Walter Chetwynd, the and west elevations have owner of Ingestre Hall. He was a FRS at nine bays with three storeys, the upper the time when Robert Plot was Secretary storey having windows in small gables to and Wren was President. The church has the west but hiding behind a parapet to the features akin to those of other Wren east. There are central entrances in each churches; e.g. clustered nave columns and facade in projecting three storey towers, a square tower over a circular lobby, both the eastern one being surmounted by a like St. Brides in Fleet Street. There is also copper cupola. The windows on the lower a drawing in Wren‘s hand of a spire for two storeys are extensive, with large Ingestre. Features of note in the church semicircular bays at each end of the main include a contemporary pulpit and a elevations. One enters from the east wooden screen, probably carved by through the central doorway into a vast Edward Pierce, and splendid plaster hall, panelled and with a large carved ceilings. There is a window by Burne- wooden overmantle. The ceiling has Jones and early stained glass windows with plaster strapwork; there are portraits on the the Chetwynd arms in roundels. We were unpanelled upper walls. We also saw the guided round the Hall and grounds by Gill heavily carved staircase, the ‗red room‘ Broadbent, the local expert. Ingestre has with its large covings to the ceiling and the bronze age remains and is mentioned as library with another fine fireplace. A very Gestrion in Domesday. The village welcome free glass of squash also greeted consists of a number of isolated us in the hall after Gill had given us a talk settlements, mostly centred round on the history of the building and its farmsteads: its population is only around owners. 125. We were taken to the Orangery, a John D'Arcy. vast greenhouse built in stone and glass, which is in reasonable condition considering the years of neglect. The Hall Derbyshire Miscellany, Vol 19, Pt. 3 was rebuilt in 1613, but was severely damaged by fire in 1882. It was rapidly  Upward social mobility among restored with the insurance money with Derbyshire's Tudor merchants: Part 1: sufficient over to build a new stable block (Thomas Thacker and his family's big enough for 120 horses, though 300 origins) by Anthony Thacker were there during WW1. The 20th Earl of  The Parish Boundary between Etwall Shrewsbury, the owner at the time, was an and by Roger Dalton early entrepreneur, having started a ‗silent  The Diary of Joseph Hutsby: Part 5: carriage‘ factory followed by the Talbot February-12 April 1845 car company. In the 1950s, Glyndebourne- style operas were tried. This was disastrous

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 11 LOCAL HISTORY SECTION presents were sent from Germany, so many that the local Post office couldn‘t cope. Donington Hall P.O.W. Camp The P.O.W.s bought up most of the local 1914-20. - Arthur Shardlow turkeys, thus depriving many Donington

On the outbreak of war in 1914, four folk of their Christmas treat. prisoner-of- war camps were set up in N.W.Leics, Notts and Derbys - at Willington Hall, Sutton Bonington, Shardlow Workhouse and at Castle Donington. The latter became perhaps the most famous P.O.W camp in the U.K. and a source of considerable controversy. Prior to war, Donington Hall, owned by Major Fred Gretton, was unoccupied and it required £20.000 worth of refurbishment to make it secure and habitable for the 500 German officer prisoners it was to hold. German POW Officers under escort to Twin 9ft high electrified security fences Donington Hall. were constructed around it and in between them some 200 miles of barbed wire The P.O.W.s were looked after by their entanglements. It was to house officers own batmen, brought in from ordinary from the army, navy and later the air-force. camps, in the ratio of one to every four Captain, later Lt. Col. Cook, the camp officers. Wine was available at meals and Commandant described the inmates as, after a satisfyingly large meal they could ―swaggering Prussians‖ as most were very always go for a walk outside the camp, senior, wealthy, often aristocratic, English- provided they promised not to escape! speaking men with all the right The British popular press was full of connections. stories about the excessive ―luxuries‖ of Conditions, according to sections of the the camp. Mrs. Asquith, the P.M.‘s wife, British Press, were sybaritic. Two tons of was accused by the Daily Mail, of sending personal baggage came from Derby food hampers from Fortnum and Mason‘s Station. Uniforms of blue with red stripes into the camp and playing tennis with the were worn. The officers didn‘t work but prisoners – a story for which they had to had workshops where they could make apologise and pay damages in court. furniture or props and costumes for the Given the excellent conditions in the camp theatre. Classes were available in a camp, about which questions were asked in variety of subjects up to degree level. the House of Commons, it might seem Various sports – football, tennis and bizarre that prisoners should try to escape. athletics – and a camp orchestra with But there were numerous break-outs. Only instruments from Germany were on offer. one P.O.W., managed to return to All British newspapers and magazines save Germany: in 1915, Gunter Pluschow, an ―John Bull‖ were available in the library. aviator, scaled the 9ft.fences, walked 15 The officers were paid, from Germany, at miles to Derby, caught a train to London the same rate as British officers and indeed and, disguised as a dock worker, stowed received a pay rise when they decided it away on a Dutch ship bound for Flushing. was too little. From there German contacts returned him At Christmas 1915, huge bags of to Germany.

12 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) The talk was illustrated with some Major Thomas Sanders, was staying at fascinating photographs. Many were taken Babington House in Derby. The skirmish by W.W. Winter of Midland Rd. Derby, resulted in the weakening of the Royalist showing elegantly dressed prisoners ready cause as only four of their outposts for tennis or in formal dress prior to meals remained in Derbyshire. or in costume at the camp theatre. The camp closed in 1920 and all the contents of the huts and even the barbed wire were auctioned off. This was a particularly well-attended talk, carefully researched, enormously interesting and well-delivered. It is to be hoped that the speaker‘s book on the subject becomes available to the general public as soon as possible. Prospective publishers take note. Mick Appleby The Derby Airways Hanger at Burnaston Airport Egginton Heath – A Landscape of Change In the aftermath of family disputes in the late eighteenth century, the boundary On 18th March, after some laptop between Etwall and Egginton was malfunctions Dr Roger Dalton gave an determined by enclosure commissioners interesting , informative and often amusing acting as arbiters for the Cotton and Every talk on the landscape history of Egginton families, Lords of the Manors of Etwall Heath from the Enclosure Period to the and Egginton respectively. present day. The site occupies an area of In the mid nineteenth century a rise in some eight hundred acres to the north of population and the growth of Burton‘s the Dove and Trent Valleys. Considerable brewing industry led to the worst sewage gravel deposits carried along by former ice disposal problem on England. The sewage sheets sit on Keuper Marl. The area works at Clay Mills dispersed waste into became common land during feudal times the Trent and in 1880 a Burton on Trent rather than being converted to arable. sewage farm was established on Egginton The Heath or Common was the site of Heath. This was modernised in the 1960s. an armed engagement during the Civil Remnants of old pipe work can still be War. In 1644 Royalist units totalling about seen today on Boundary Road. six hundred men, who were returning to In 1936 Derby Corporation bought the their garrisons were surprised by the Mosley estate; the main building being Parliamentary Governor for Derbyshire, Burnaston House built by Ashton Mosley Sir John Gell, and his forces ―in the lane in the nineteenth century. At the outbreak about Egginton Heath‖. The Royalists of World War 2 an airport strip was were said after a brief but bloody opened creating the future Derby or engagement, to have been scattered or Burnaston Airport. A flying training base driven into the Trent where many drowned was set up. or were taken prisoner. The Parliamentary Today the quasi-motorway, the A50, Commander at Egginton may have been traverses the area. Wheat and oil seed rape Captain Nathaniel Barton whose superior, are grown on the Heath; one use of the oil

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 13 being to coat plastic bags. A proposal for a The north side of the nave was changed in Rail Freight Terminal adjacent to the the fifteenth century and the clerestory Toyota Factory is in the pipe line as is a windows added. In the tower are four County Council plan for a waste disposal bells, one of them, the oldest in site. Chris Francis Derbyshire, was made by John of Stafford in 1366 and inscribed Hail Mary. A very Visit to St Mary’s Church Marston- early font of huge proportions is now under on-Dove the tower.

The vicar of St Mary‘s Church, Reverend Andy Murphie, gave us a long talk about the history of the church and a tour of the interior and the exterior while the light was good. Outside we were able to appreciate the rural setting of the church close to the old course of the River Dove. Changes in the stonework and different styles of architecture were apparent as we walked round the building and even seventeenth century graffiti was visible on one wall. There was a church and a priest here at Priest’s Doorway at Marston on Dove Domesday but nothing remains of this Saxon church. The thirteenth century The 1816 restoration of the church chancel is the earliest part of the present included the erection of a gallery to the church; it is wide with six lancet windows west and a further gallery to the north was and a priest‘s doorway on the south side. added in 1830. Both of these galleries were removed in the 1920s when work was carried out to rectify the damage done to the church in the nineteenth century. The church organ came from Sudbury Hall. It is seventeenth century and was bought from Lord Vernon in 1827 for seventy four pounds. Some of the casing is original. Welcome refreshments were provided at the end of the visit and Reverend Andy Murphie continued to answer our questions as we looked round the church. Joan Davies Marston on Dove Church Osgathorpe

The chancel arch was destroyed during Our guide this afternoon was David early nineteenth century building work to Davidson, and he was waiting for us at St modernise the church. The nave is Mary‘s Church where he had prepared a fourteenth century and the tower with its power point presentation to introduce us to recessed spire is also fourteenth century. the village. He showed the position of

14 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) Osgathorpe in the landscape of North West pointed out the line of the disused Leicestershire and talked about the Charnwood Forest Canal opened with evidence of prehistory in the area, a nearby tramways at both ends in 1794 to link the Iron Age settlement and the Viking coal fields near Thringstone and the local derivation of the place name. Charts were limestone quarries to the Grand Union shown of population changes in the village Canal at Loughborough. The canal and the number of dwellings. The became short of water and a reservoir had Enclosure Act was in 1786 and he showed to be built to supply it. The dam to the that the field patterns had altered little reservoir was badly built and collapsed in since then. The church has been much the bad winter of 1799 and this short lived restored mainly by the addition of an apse canal closed. Osgathorpe is not short of shaped chancel and the existing chancel water, it has two springs and a brook runs became part of the nave. He pointed out through the village. There are large farm the marks on the wall where the rood houses in the village but there was never a screen would have been, possibly manor house and no predominant destroyed at the Reformation. A picture of landowner. the church in 1795 showed the east wall before the addition of the new chancel. A squint widow is set diagonally into the south wall.

Our guide—David Davidson

Entering Osgathorpe Hall David then led us up Church Lane and down the long drive to Osgathorpe Hall David then took us for a walk round the Farm, a large seventeenth century house of village. Opposite the church are the school two storeys with attics. It is stone built and alms houses given to the village in the with mullioned windows. To the west seventeenth century by a wealthy local there is a gabled cross wing with two benefactor, Thomas Harley. The charity massive projecting chimney stacks. The he set up is still providing educational present owner, Simon Blunt, welcomed us funding for the village. The rectory is also with an introductory talk about the house. opposite the church and all these buildings He has not been living in the house for and others in the village show the diversity long and is slowly discovering its history. of the local stone in this part of He said that it was very likely that the Leicestershire. Across the fields David original plan for the house was never

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 15 completely carried out; there should have the railways‘ fortunes – the loss of its been another cross wing to the east. On transport monopoly and great uncertainty the dining table were photographs of the in its sense of direction – with a house taken before he began its restoration. corresponding decline in the public‘s The original oak staircase leads right up to appreciation of its monuments. The the attics. demolition of the Doric Arch at Euston After the tour of the hall we walked both epitomised this lack of interest and back into Osgathorpe. It was Garden marked a turning point. With John Festival Day and some of us ended the Betjeman‘s advocacy, St Pancras station afternoon with tea in The Rectory garden. was listed Grade 1 in 1967 and a new era Joan Davies of appreciation dawned. . It was in this more favourable climate in 1984 that the formation of the Railway INDUSTRIAL Heritage Trust was announced by the then Chairman of British Railways. It became ARCHAEOLOGY SECTION operational in April 1985. Funded initially

by the British Railways Board, it is now The Railway Heritage Trust supported by successor entities including Network Rail and BRB (Residuary) Ltd. The first talk of the Industrial Section‘s Its remit is to assist the operational railway 2010/2011 season was that given by companies in their conservation of listed Andrew Savage on 7 January 2011 on the buildings and structures, and to facilitate subject of the Railway Heritage Trust. He the transfer of redundant properties, where opened by describing his early interest in appropriate, to new owners. It also has an heritage railways, followed by a successful unwritten objective: to help the owners, career as civil engineer with British whether railway or private, to attract to Railways and its successor companies. He their conservation efforts funds from other joined the Railway Heritage Trust some 18 sources. The Trust is not concerned with months ago as its Executive Director, a moveable assets, or with heritage railways. post traditionally held by a civil In the final section of his talk, Andrew engineering professional. The position of showed photographs of numerous Company Secretary is traditionally, and completed projects supported by the Trust. currently, held by an architect, providing a They included the repair of some major useful balance of disciplines. structures (Lambley viaduct, Conway In the first section of his talk, he tubular bridge) and several very attractive emphasised the rich heritage still possessed station refurbishments (Whitby, Boston, by Britain‘s railways. This is formally Newcastle Central, Birmingham Moor recognised in the extensive catalogue of Street). Two station improvements listed buildings, ancient monuments and required the demolition of intrusive conservation areas. He illustrated, using modern office blocks (Hull, Sheffield). various sources, many of the most Miscellaneous ventures included attention important (and still surviving) bridges, given to signal boxes, summit signs and viaducts, station interiors and station station details; also repainting and lighting buildings. These all date from the ventures, and – not least – the restoration railways‘ ―golden age‖ from say 1850 to of Derby‘s railway war memorial. The 1900. The first half of the twentieth whole, he suggested, represented 25 years century, however, saw a marked decline in of successful effort. A. Gilchrist

16 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) Stanton at War breaking-out of the (still hot) castings from the moulds; the fettling, pressure testing, The subject of the Industrial Section‘s machining and dimensional checking of meeting on 21 January 2011 was Stanton at the cases; the welding-on of lugs; and the War. In a brief introduction, the speaker, final protection and stacking for dispatch. Stephen Flinders, described how some In spite of the automation, the work was years ago he had been given a video-tape very labour intensive, particularly in the copy of a 2½ hour black-and-white manipulation of plant items and documentary film on the work of the components. The speed and dexterity of Stanton Gate foundry in 1943. This he had the (nominally unskilled) workers was transcribed and edited into a silent 1-hour impressive. The almost complete absence sequence in DVD format. The main part of protective clothing (or safe practices) of his presentation then consisted of a was horrifying. A flat cap and every-day showing of this sequence with running jacket was normal wear for the men, even commentary by himself. His detailed in close proximity to white-hot metal; knowledge of his subject and his close headscarves were normal wear for the interest in it were evident in his remarks women. There was no evidence of face- which were both instructive and masks; even gloves made only one entertaining. appearance, and that in the chemical The Stanton Gate foundry was laboratory. commissioned in 1939 by the British The foundry naturally ceased Government for the production of cast- production in 1945. The plant was then steel bomb cases. It occupied a 25-acre mothballed for two years, before being site next to the Stanton Ironworks. bought by the Stanton Company in 1947 Although under Stanton Company and put to use producing items such as cast management, it remained Government -steel tunnel-lining segments. After a property throughout the war. An American French takeover, the plant was closed in company, H A Brasset, was engaged to 1991, and the buildings demolished. advise on steel (as opposed to iron) A. Gilchrist processing – having just returned from a similar commission in Germany. The plant The Cromford Canal – past and was completed in just 13 months, and present commenced production in November 1941. At its peak it employed 2000 workers, 40% On 4 February 2011, the subject of the of them women. Input was scrap steel. Industrial Section‘s talk was the Cromford Processes were highly automated, allowing Canal. The speaker, Patrick Morriss, is an output in the region of 100 bomb cases Chairman of the Friends of Cromford per hour (the record being 140). Total Canal whose ultimate objective is the production in 3½ years was some 873,500 restoration of the abandoned section of the bomb cases. canal from Langley Mill to Ambergate and The film and commentary together the refurbishment of the section still in provided an excellent description of the water from Ambergate to Cromford Wharf. manufacturing sequence: the sorting of the The main thrust of his talk however – in scrap steel; the 3-stage melting and tune with his title – was a description of composition adjustment of the steel; the the original and present states of the canal, preparation of the internal and external touching only lightly on restoration plans. sand moulds; the pouring of the steel; the He also briefly described its history.

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 17

The canal was built in the 1790s, its 15- subsidence as early as the 1890s, and mile main line rising through 14 locks partially collapsed in 1907. It seems to from Langley Mill to Ironbridge and then have passed a final pipe-laying boat in the continuing level all the way to Cromford. 1920s. Photographs of a more recent date, At this summit level it had a 2½ mile taken by an enterprising canoeist, show an branch from Ironville to Pinxton and a very impassable middle section. The tunnel is short ―Nightingale Arm‖ near Leawood. unique in containing an underground Two major civil works, both on the summit wharf, accessed (by the Butterley level, were the 1¾ mile tunnel at Butterley Company) from above. West of the tunnel and the ―aqueduct‖ (in fact a pierced some further sections are destroyed, embankment) at Bullbridge. The canal‘s including critically the aqueduct at principal traffics were coal and stone and Bullbridge which crossed road, river and initially it was very profitable. In its best (latterly) railway. It was demolished in year (1840) it carried 140,000 tons of 1968. From Ambergate, the canal is still in traffic and returned a 24% dividend on a water. This section was the subject of nominal £100 share. some particularly attractive early The main part of the talk consisted of a photographs. ―guided tour‖ of the canal from south to In response to questions, Patrick north indicating both its original and its explained that the Derbyshire County present condition. Patrick‘s illustrations Council‘s earlier commitment to a included some delightful early photographs feasibility study into the canal‘s restoration and postcards; also a valuable sequence of had been reduced to a ―scoping study‖ photographs taken by one Reg Baker and which is now under way to set the former‘s his son on bicycle rides in the 1960s. The terms of reference. There is also a southern section of the canal, although tentative proposal to seek listed or ancient officially abandoned in 1944, was still in monument status for the Butterley tunnel. water when the Bakers photographed it. Finally, he invited signatures on a petition Much of it is now filled in, but not built for the dredging of the Cromford section of over. At the approach to the Butterley the canal to allow the reinstatement of tunnel the track bed survives as do both pleasure boat operation. portals. However, the tunnel itself was experiencing difficulties due to mining A. Gilchrist

18 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) William H Barlow – his Life and District; also, and most famously, on its Works London Extension where he was responsible, with R M Ordish, for his best- The important Victorian engineer W H known work, the St Pancras train shed, Barlow was the subject of the Industrial completed in 1868. Section‘s talk on 1 April 2011. The Alongside these (and some later) tasks presentation by Chris Lewis was excellent for the , his consultancy – and effective in dispelling consciousness activities ranged widely. An early venture, of the very cramped conditions under in 1860, was a collaboration with John which it was received. Hawkshaw on the completion of Brunel‘s William Henry Barlow was born in Clifton suspension bridge. In 1866, now 1812, his father Peter being Professor of with his son (also Peter), he acted as Mathematics at the Woolwich College. consultant to the Somerset & Dorset This circumstance gave early direction to Railway. In 1879, the collapse of the Tay the son‘s chosen career. At the age of 12, Bridge saw him commissioned, with two after a school education in Woolwich, others, to report on the cause of the disaster young William joined his father at the and he was himself responsible for the Woolwich College, both studying replacement design. He was also consulted mathematics and assisting with research on the design of the major Dufferin Bridge into the strength of metal beams. Two over the Ganges (now in steel), and on the years later, in 1825, he followed his elder design of the (by Fowler and brother (another Peter) in becoming pupil Baker), where the pronounced canting-in to H R Palmer at London Docks. His first of the main uprights (to resist wind loads) appointment was then to the firm of is believed to be his contribution. Maudslay, Sons & Field, for whom he Meanwhile he was retained to advise on supervised the construction of an ordnance the stability of Ely Cathedral. depot in Constantinople. During this Summarising, Chris felt that the name period he wrote the first of his many of William Barlow deserved to be more published papers – in this case on the widely known. He was exceptionally effectiveness of lighthouses. versatile. His analytical emphasis and his The late 1830s saw the start of his flow of publications were important. He railway career. In 1842 he was appointed was a Fellow of the Royal Society and, in resident engineer to the Midland Counties 1880, President of the Institution of Civil Railway, becoming engineer-in-chief to the Engineers. His achievements were well Midland Railway on its formation in 1844. appreciated by his peers –as shown by their This led to a nine years‘ residence in presenting him with a gigantic silver salver Derby with his wife and growing family, on the occasion of his 90th (and last) during which time he published papers on birthday. Finally, his surviving structures arches and on beams, invented the still speak for his stature as an outstanding ―Barlow‖ rail, and found time to advise on engineer. A. Gilchrist structures as different as Lincoln Cathedral and . In 1857 he moved AGM to London to set up in private practice. In his new role, however, he continued to At the Industrial Section‘s Annual work for the Midland Railway. He advised General Meeting on 8 April 2011, Dudley on its extension to Manchester, involving Fowkes succeeded Keith Reedman as heavy engineering work through the Peak Section Chairman, with Peter Robinson

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 19 moving to Vice Chairman. Otherwise the and an early form of variable-pitch Section‘s Officers and Committee propeller. It was however of all-wood Members continued as before. construction and used an uprated pair of A. Gilchrist the firm‘s established Gypsy 6 engine. This first aircraft, in black with gold De Havilland DH88 Comet lettering, was named Black Magic; the second, registered CSR but unnamed, was Following the meeting, Stewart Jackson in green livery; the third, Grosvenor spoke on the subject of the De Havilland House, was scarlet. DH88 Comet aircraft. His enthusiasm for The race started from Mildenhall in his topic could not fail to be infectious. Suffolk at 6.30 a.m. on 20 October 1934, His story commenced in 1930 with the Black Magic being the first away. The City of Melbourne, Australia, discussing rules called for five compulsory elaborate plans to celebrate the centenary intermediate stops. Black Magic survived of its foundation as the capital of the State the first stage to Baghdad, but after a series of Victoria. As one element, Sir of mishaps, possibly traceable to the Macpherson Robertson, a self-made unreliable Jim Mollison, it was forced to confectioner, proposed, and donated prizes retire at Allahabad. Grosvenor House, for, an air race from England to however, had a (nearly) clear run and Melbourne. This was duly organised by succeeded in winning the speed prize – and the Royal Aero Club of London to take lasting fame. CSR was placed fourth and place in the centenary year, 1934. distinguished itself by returning

The Grosvenor House D88

Rather late in the day, Geoffrey De immediately with newsreel film of the Havilland became concerned that there event. It says much for the state of would be no viable British entry, and American civil aircraft design that the offered to build, for £5000, a competitive second and third places were taken by aircraft. Three were commissioned for the standard airline machines: a Douglas DC2 race. The first, to be piloted by Jim and a Boeing 247D. Mollison and his wife Amy Johnson, was Two further Comets were built: one for delivered on 8 September 1934, having the French Government mail service, and been designed, built and test flown in the one for a Sheffield businessman to extraordinarily short time of seven months. compete for further records. The latter was This was the more remarkable considering lost (but the pilots rescued) in September its departure from normal De Havilland 1935 in the Sudan. Of the remaining four practice, it being a low-wing cantilever aircraft, two were destroyed in France monoplane with retractable undercarriage early in the war to stop them falling into

20 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) enemy hands. Soon after the Australia the West Midlands town of Dudley. This is race, Grosvenor House had been an open-air museum where historic transferred to the RAF, damaged and buildings and features have been brought written off charge. It was however together to “vividly recreate a past way of repaired to capture further records before life with friendly costumed characters”. the war. Subsequently restored again On the wettest day of the year, the coal (several times), it is now exhibited in fires burning the kitchen ranges in the re- flying condition by the Shuttleworth Trust. constructed houses were certainly Black Magic meanwhile had been sold to welcome. the Portuguese, flying at least up to the war Despite the weather we had an under its new name Salazar. Many years interesting day – the features on the site later it was discovered in poor condition in include a replica Newcomen engine, a Portugal by a British enthusiast, brought colliery, school, workers institute and back to this country and subsequently several shops and workshops. Rides in a further damaged in a fire. Its surviving restored tram were available, but parts (mainly the fuselage) are now at unfortunately trolleybuses were not in Derby Airfield, where the missing parts are operation as the overhead wires have been being remade by the Comet Racer Project stolen by copper thieves. Group. When complete, the result will be an authentic restoration of a classic aircraft. (A replica, to the original design, is already flying in California.) Finally, Stewart closed the evening by showing a 38 minute sequence of fascinating newsreel film, evocative not only of 1930s aeronautics, but also of 1930s society and the days of Empire. A. Gilchrist

Black Country Coach Trip

The Industrial Archaeology Section Boarding the boat into the Dudley Tunnel summer coach tour on Sunday 12 June 2011 visited the Black Country Museum in Out visit included a canal boat trip into the Dudley tunnel, and the inter-connecting waterways that were constructed to allow limestone to be mined underground and transported away by boat. Even here there was no escape from the rain, which descended onto the open boat through ventilation shafts. A ―surprise extra‖ is a traditional feature of I.A. section coach tours, and on this occasion we stopped off to see a preserved chainshop, in what was originally an unplanned squatters industrial A wet day at the museum hamlet known as Mushroom Green, now

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 21 EMIAC 81 REPORT

Peak District Lead Mining - Matlock Bath

The Spring EMIAC of 2011, was hosted by the Peak District Mines Historical Society, was held in the Pavilion at Matlock Bath and was very well attended. The morning sessions were two talks by two well-known authorities on the subject, Chainmaking demonstration at John Barnatt and Jim Rieuwerts Mushroom Green John‘s illustrated talk was on ―The archaeology of mining in a special within the town of Cradley Heath. The landscape‖ in which he spoke about 3 chainshop dates from the 1860s and was in archaeological excavations of mining sites, use until 1965. The building was restored with which he, and the PDMHS in 1977 and the six hearths were kitted out Conservation Team, have been involved. with tools and equipment salvaged from These have been at High Rake Mine, near other chainshops in the area, so that Great Hucklow, where the foundations of traditional manual chain making processes two engine houses have been uncovered. can be demonstrated. It operated for a The team then moved on to the Silence while as an outpost of the Black Country Mine nearby, where again remains of the Museum, but it now in the care of a local 1870s engine buildings have been exposed. group known as Industrial Heritage Current work is at the Watergrove Mine Stronghold whose main business is where the remains of an 18th century creating public art with an industrial Newcomen pumping engine house is being theme. Our visit fortunately coincided with excavated. (This is the site that the I.A. their monthly open day and we were able Section will be visiting this summer.) to watch a chain being constructed by Jim Rieuwerts gave an bending and hammer-welding of steel bar. overview of the history

of lead mining in the Ian Mitchell Carboniferous limestone

with particular reference to the problems of mine drainage. Drainage at Galena Crystal first was by horse- (lead ore) powered water lifting engines, one being installed at a mine in Matlock in 1580-81. The first sough to be driven was in 1627 at Winster, where the rate of progress was probably only 2-3 feet per shift. However by 1662 the Cromford Sough was being driven with the help of gunpowder - a first Mushroom Green Chainstore in Great Britain. In 1716 the first

22 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) MEMBERSHIP REPORT

New Members Dr. M. Dawson of Walton Mr. K. Neilson of Derby Mr. H. Hopkins & Mrs. L. Spencer of Burton-upon-Trent Mr. D. Limer of Derby Mrs. K.J. Eley & Mr. B. Tomlinson of Little Eaton Mr. A. & Mrs S. Cockayne of Little Cubley Mr. J.J. Doyle of Alvaston Mr. J. Simpson of Aston-on-Trent Mr. J. Richards of Shaftesbury, Dorset

Notified Deaths Diagram of the Mr. F.P.L. Smedley-Stevenson of Ilkeston Newcomen steam engine Mr. G. Kingscott of Sawley Mr. M. Fowkes, Swanwick. April 2011 Newcomen pumping engine in Derbyshire lead mining came into use. The speaker described with the help of illustrations, the BOOK REVIEWS complexity of the soughs in the Cromford - Wirksworth - Matlock area. Other soughs described were the Hillcarr Sough at THORPES IN A CHANGING Darley Dale which was stone-flagged throughout and used as a canal, the LANDSCAPE Yatestoop Sough which drained out to the by Paul Cullen, Richard Jones, David N River Derwent, and the last sough Parsons, Univ of Hertfordshire Press 2010, completed between 1873-1881 from the ISBN 978-I-902806-82-2, paperback, pp Magpie Mine down to the River Wye. 224, illustrations, £14.99 After a break for coffee the Conference was treated to an excellent film made in Given the size of the audience, many of 2005 ―The Hollow Hill‖ in the copper & you may remember Paul Cullen who gave lead producing mines at Ecton. This us a captivating lecture on the place names starred John Barnatt again, showing us the of Derbyshire a couple of years ago. Now, underground mining remains within the as part of a series of volumes on various shafts penetrating Ecton Hill. ―Explorations in Local and Regional After an excellent lunch, delegates History‖ he and two other landscape and explored the Mining Museum within the linguistic academics have published and Pavilion, and all had a chance to go down exhaustive (but not exhausting) study on the Temple Mine in the hillside opposite, the origins of the place name ―Thorpe ‖ to conclude a very successful conference. between 850 AD and 1300. Having examined the linguistic origins David Mellors of the name and its prefixes, suffixes and variations (throps, thrups and strops etc)

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 23 and having pursued documentary evidence congratulated for a massive piece of from the year dot to date the settlements, research and a not inconsiderable logistical the team goes on to examine the exercise in seeing it through the press. geographical spread north and south of Sadler Gate is, of course, one of Watling Street, the archaeology of the Derby's ancient streets and one which has settlements and - mindful of the effects of survived the worst excesses of the modern 19th century drainage on what was good age, missing out on such delights as soil ages ago and what is hyper productive Westfield and the quite ludicrous Quad soil now - they dig into the soil types on Arts structure. The story of how it has which Thorpes are found. They conclude become the shopping and service centre of that all previous interpretations are at the the early 21st century is very much a very least, a tad simplistic. microcosm of the evolution of Derby's Far from being a mere marker of a central business district as a whole and this pioneer Scandinavian settlement, or a volume forms a very useful work of record dependent settlement on marginal land, in bringing together the mass of Thorpes were largely found on what was information on the various properties in the then good arable land and could be street and their inhabitants, especially from identified with the 9th and 10th century the mid 18th century when first transition from individual farmsteads to newspapers, then latterly, census records, open field farming and in particular, the augment the much scarcer original arable components. Thereafter it drifted documentary sources. The detailed into the language denoting a particular information is set within its context and landscape. some of the background chapters such as It‘s all a bit more complicated than that those on the provision of services in the of course – and there are exceptions to town are very useful in their own right. every rule - but as a meticulous detective There are no great new insights into urban story it‘s quite engrossing. For the history as a whole, and no great revelations enthusiast it‘s a gift! Amply illustrated about the history of Derby, but the book with a plethora of charts, tables and dotty does represent a excellent example of what maps this is a book for both the specialist careful research into the standard range of and the reader with a general interest in sources can achieve right down to the level place name studies and as such is highly of individual properties, even in a town recommended. where vast swathes of records have been Barbara Foster lost to natural disasters. In effect, the book consists of a series SADLER GATE: A 1000 YEARS of stand-alone essays and much of the OF A DERBY STREET editorial decision-making must have been by The Derby Street Detectives (The Little concerned with how best to present the Chester Local History Group on behalf of vast corpus of data and how to give The Derby Research Group) 2010 ISBN coherence to a piece of work involving a 978-0-9529835-3-8 344pp 391 large number of writers. The multiplicity illustrations. £25 of types of shop, trades, services and manufacturing that took place in the street It is surely fair to say that rarely has a over the centuries certainly made short, urban street been the subject of a categorisation of these difficult and in hefty tome of these dimensions and The trying to do justice to them all, and Derby Research Group is to be incorporate anecdotal information, it is

24 Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) difficult to prevent these chapters feeling Vein of lead. This is a much-needed piece fragmented. The 'running order' must of work on both the Two Dales flax and equally have been the cause of much cotton mill complex and its agonising. As there would be no incomprehensible engine and is thoroughly commercial activity in the street without recommended. people, it would seem more logical to have Dudley Fowkes dealt with the people and the demographics before the sections on commerce rather DERBYSHIRE EXTENSIVE than at the end. Similarly, the contextual URBAN SURVEYS section on coach travel should surely have come before the chapter on inns and These surveys, funded by EH and written taverns. by Gill Stroud from 1997 are now The book is excellently produced and available online via the Archaeological lavishly illustrated to an extemely high Data Service (a vast treasure trove in standard. Apart from a recurrent adjectival itself). These surveys document, from a 'principle', typos are few and far between, variety of primary archaeological and quite an achievement in a volume of these historical sources, all that was known dimensions. As you would expect from about the town at the time of writing – and writers of their experience, the research is a very interesting and useful read they are. accurate and comprehensive, and overall They cover most of the ancient towns from the team should feel extremely pleased Glossop in the nouth to Swadlincote in the with its efforts. south and including the obvious famous Dudley Fowkes ones as well as the likes of Winster, Alfreton, Barlborough, Belper and Melbourne amongst others. A series of THE ROMPING LION - THE fascinating maps accompany the summary STORY OF THE DAKEYNE DISC delineating the prehistoric to the medieval ENGINE to the modern components of the towns by Phil Wigfull (Country Books, Little and their surrounding areas. Definitely Lonsgtone) 2011 ISBN 978-1-906789-50-3 worth a look and I bet you find something 98pp 68 illustrations £9-99 new. http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/ A few years ago, Phil Wigfull delivered resources.html?derbyshire_eus_2009 a lecture, complete with working model, on the Dakeynes' extraordinary 'disc engine' that powered their cotton mill at PILLING AWARD Two Dales. Phil has now put together an amplified version of this in an excellent Applications are invited from members book which takes the story through to of the Society who are involved in research modern derivatives of the engine in projects relating to the history, contemporary USA as well as giving a archaeology, architecture or industrial systematic account of the initial archaeology of Derbyshire. development and subsequent uses of the Grants of up to £1000 can be awarded. mill complex. He also covers the story of Full details of the conditions and the short-lived Dakeyne engine that was application forms can be obtained from housed briefly at Bateman's House in Barbara Foster (details on cover). Lathkill Dale to dewater the Lathkilldale

Derbyshire Archaeological Society Newsletter # 72 (Jul. 2011) 25 SMALL ADS Heritage Open Days 8th -11th September 2011 It is now very difficult, if not impossible, for individuals to get full details of events Full details are not yet available but it is in printed form and usually there is not known that, as usual, South Derbyshire enough space in the Newsletter for the very will have a number of sites open from Seal wordy ones. So the internet rules – which Cottage to Repton Park to Swarkestone is not OK really and I apologise if I seem and there is some talk of a special bus to lean heavily on internet sources. You between sites. can however ―log on‖ at your local library A full list of all sites in Derbyshire and with help available. elsewhere will be available from mid July ______on www.heritageopendays.org.uk

Archaeological Research Group: ______A Day in Cambridge Sat. 6 August. Richard III Foundation A few places are still available on the Annual Conference “Yorkists and above summer visit. The coach leaves Lancastrians:In Honour and Blood‖ from Full Street, Derby at 9.15 am. The cost per person is £ 13 50p, payable with Saturday 15th October 2011 booking. If interested please contact Joan Cost - Saturday only £35 (pre booked) On D'Arcy (01332 363354). the door £45 ______Dixie Grammar School, Market Bosworth An interesting programme which includes Festival of British Archaeology Dr Tim Sutherland on the archaeological evidence at Towton. Saturday 16th July to Sunday 31st July Full programme on www.richard111.com Events in Derbyshire include an impressive For registration form contact Mrs Dorothy programme at Cresswell Crags (see next Davies, The Richard III Foundation Inc, 32 page) and Calke Abbey, together with Church Lane Ryde Isle of Wight PO33 some hearty walks in the Peak District, 2NB or at [email protected] or at talks on Bull Henge at Dove Holes [email protected] community centre on July 30th from 11am to 7 pm and a dig at Marston on Dove on ______the 16th and 17th July from 10am till 5pm – and many more. Many events free. The Council for Independent Full details: http://festival.britarch.ac.uk/ Archaeology ______Are holding their annual Conference in Time Travel in Trent Vale The Bishop Grosseteste University Saturday 30th July 2011 10am - 4pm College in Lincoln over the weekend

A free family day out in Newark Castle – of the 16th—18th September. hidden corners revealed! – including the Full details on website : - dungeons. Re enactments displays www.independents.org.uk musicians crafts and children activities.

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