City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Kay-Williams, S.M. (2001). Ten years of challenge : the impact of the external environment on charity fundraising and marketing 1989-1999. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/8226/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/
[email protected] Ten years of challenge: The impact of the external environment on charity fundraising and marketing 1989-1999. by Susan Margaret Kay-Williams PhD City University Centre for Voluntary and Nonprofit Management (VOLPROF) City University Business School February 2001 1 Ten years of challenge: The impact of the external environment on charity fundraising and marketing 1989-1999. Contents Abstract 12 1. Research genesis and history 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.2 Structure of the work 14 1.3 The aims of the1994 study 15 1.4 Indicators 17 1.5 Aims of the study - 1999 18 1.6 ' Definitions 19 1.6.1 Naming the sector 19 1.6.2 Registered charity 22 1.6.3 Fundraising 23 1.6.4 Voluntary income 24 1.6.5 Marketing 25 1.7 Summary 26 2.