INDUCTION PROGRAM FOR IT ENGINEERS 1. Collect at least 10 programming languages other than c, c++, vb and java? ABAP, APL, ABSYS, ABSET, ABLE, Visual j#, Visual j++, Visual Objects, SOAP, SML, Oxygen, GAP. 2. Write at least 10 programming languages used for building dynamic websites? C, C++, Java, C#, Visual Basic, CCI, CMM, Lisp, Lingo, JavaScript. 3. Write down list of 10 Web servers along with the languages they support? 4. Give at least 10 databases? Air Facility system, Benchmark Dose Software, Data Finder, Facility Registry system, IMES software, Land view, Mobile Models, online tracking information system. 5. Give at least 10 Web servers? Apache, Apache tomcat, Apache HTTP, Klone, lighttpd, Xitami, Zeus, IIS, Absyss, and Jigsaw. 6. What is IIS? What are the features of IIS? Internet Information Services (IIS) – formerly called Internet Information Server – is a web server application and set of feature extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows. IIS 7.5 supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP,FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It is an integral part of Windows Server family of products, as well as certain editions of Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7. IIS is not turned on by default when Windows is installed. Features: . HTTP modules – Used to perform tasks specific to HTTP in the request-processing pipeline, such as responding to information and inquiries sent in client headers, returning HTTP errors, and redirecting requests. Security modules – Used to perform tasks related to security in the request-processing pipeline, such as specifying authentication schemes, performing URL authorization, and filtering requests. Content modules – Used to perform tasks related to content in the request-processing pipeline, such as processing requests for static files, returning a default page when a client does not specify a resource in a request, and listing the contents of a directory. Compression modules – Used to perform tasks related to compression in the request- processing pipeline, such as compressing responses, applying Gzip compression transfer coding to responses, and performing pre-compression of static content. 7. Name at least 5 operating systems used for desktop computing? AIX (Advanced Interactive executive) - a proprietary (i.e., commercial) flavor (i.e., variant) of UNIX launched by IBM in 1990 for use on its mainframe computers. Amiga - launched with the pioneering Amiga personal computer in 1985 and continues to be developed today for the PowerPC processor. Amiga features an elegant GUI (graphical user interface) together with some of the flexibility of Unix-like operating systems. BeOS - developed by Be Incorporated in 1990 as a media operating system that was optimized for digital media (e.g., digital audio, digital video and three-dimensional graphics). BeOS has some Unix-like characteristics, including its use of the bash (the default on Linux) command shell and its directory structure, but it was written in entirely new code. The loyal user base was very disappointed when the company failed commercially, and thus several open source projects, including beunited.org, are under way that are aimed at recreating and updating (e.g., new video drivers) BeOS. Darwin - an open source derivative of 4.4BSD1 (Berkeley Software Distribution Version 4.4) that serves as the core for the Macintosh OS X. It was originally released in March 1999. There is also a GNU version of Darwin, which is called GNU-Darwin. FreeBSD - the most popular of the BSD operating systems, accounting for approximately 80 percent of BSD installations (at least until Darwin came onto the scene). FreeBSD was begun in early 1993 based on 4.3BSD, and the first version, 1.0, was released in December of that year. Free DOS - begun in 1994 by Jim Hall with the goal of becoming a complete, free and fully MS- DOS compatible operating system for x86 (i.e., Intel-compatible) CPUs (i.e., central processing units). GNU/Hurd - has been under development by Richard Stallman and his Free Software Foundation (FSF) since 1990. The core component, the Hurd (Hird of Unix-replacing daemons) kernel (i.e., the core of the operating system), is still not completed because of its very ambitious goal: to surpass Unix-like kernels in functionality, security and stability while remaining largely compatible with them. HP-UX - a proprietary flavor of UNIX developed by Hewlett-Packard for its HP 9000 series of business servers. HP-UX 1.0 was released in 1986. IRIX - a proprietary flavor of UNIX introduced by Silicon Graphics, Incorporated (SGI) in 1982 for applications that use three dimensional visualization and virtual reality. 8. What is assembly language? An assembly language is a low-level programming language for computers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other programmable devices in which each statement corresponds to a single machine language instruction. An assembly language is specific to a certain computer architecture, in contrast to most high-level programming languages, which may be more portable. 9. What are main frames? What is the popular programming language supported by main frames? A mainframe is simply a very large computer. And totally different from what you have on your desk. Don't say: what seems to be a mainframe today is on your desktop tomorrow. Apart from the CPU's (processors) that is far from true. Each computer language evolved separately, driven by the creation of and adaptation to new standards. In the following sections we describe several of the most widely used computer languages supported by z/OS • Assembler • COBOL • PL/I • C/C++ • Java • CLIST • REXX™. 10. What is the operating system popularly used on mainframes? Most of this information center teaches the fundamentals of z/OS®, which is IBM's foremost mainframe operating system. It is useful for mainframe students, however, to have a working knowledge of other mainframe operating systems. One reason is that a given mainframe computer might run multiple operating systems. For example, the use of z/OS, z/VM®, and Linux® on the same mainframe is common. In addition to z/OS, four other operating systems dominate mainframe usage: z/VM, z/VSE™, Linux for System z®, and z/TPF. 11. What are mini frames /Mid-frames? The mini frames are basically the same as the bigger ones, but mini! They are adorable and I can’t wait to see more made. The group of frames below was sort-of a ‘test run’ for the Mini Frames. 12. What is ERP? Give popular ERP applications? Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application. Their purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders ERP applications: • Reduced IT software support requirement • Reduced hardware and servers • Intuitive, configurable system interfaces • Reduction in software training • Customizable open source code 13. What are 1-tier, 2-tier, 3-tier applications? Give examples? Two-tier client/server architectures have 2 essential components 1. A Client PC and 2. A Database Server 2-Tier Considerations: • Client program accesses database directly • Requires a code change to port to a different database • Potential bottleneck for data requests • High volume of traffic due to data shipping This is an example of 2-tier architecture. The two tiers are: 1. Data server: the database serves up data based on SQL queries submitted by the application. 2. Client application: the application on the client computer consumes the data and presents it in a readable format to the student. Now, this architecture is fine, if you've got a school with 50 students. But suppose the school has 10,000 students. Now we've got a problem. Why? Because every time a student queries the client application, the data server has to serve up large queries for the client application to manipulate. This is an enormous drain on network resources. 3-Tier client-server architectures have 3 essential components: 1. A Client PC 2. An Application Server 3. A Database Server 3-Tier Architecture Considerations: • Client program contains presentation logic only • Less resources needed for client workstation • No client modification if database location changes • Less code to distribute to client workstations 14. What are n-tier applications? Create a component with one class that returns a disconnected ADO recordset for any SQL statement sent to it. All updates are performed in the ADO recordset, then passed back to the component for batch updating. Create a component that has many classes based around business processes. All data for the business process is passed to this component. The component will update the appropriate tables from the data supplied. Another component would be used to return views of data needed to support the user interface for a business process. Create one class per table using ADO embedded into the class. This is a logical n-tier model where both the EXE and the classes (in a DLL) are installed on the client machine. Create one class per table using ADO on the client side. This client-side class passes SQL through DCOM to a server-side Data Class running under MTS that returns a disconnected ADO recordset to the client side. 15. What are super computers? A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s and were designed primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), and later at Cray Research. While the supercomputers of the 1970s used only a fewprocessors, in the 1990s, machines with thousands of processors began to appear and by the end of the 20th century, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of "off-the-shelf" processors were the norm.