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Extracting Building Data from BIM with IFC

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Extracting Building Data from BIM with IFC Int. J. on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 1, July 2014 Extracting Building Data from BIM with IFC Raninder Kaur Dhillon1, Mayur Jethwa2, Hardeep Singh Rai3 1 Department of Information Technology, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Computer Science & Engineering,Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India Email:[email protected] 3 Department of Civil Engineering,Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India Email:[email protected] Abstract— The building activity i.e. BIM generates a great number of data and information of various kinds. Several programs that use this data for various applications have been developed in different regions of the world. After briefly introducing the Industry Foundation Classes,a standard for exchanging building data, this paper presents an integrated framework which applies Information Technology (IT) and IFC which extract geometric and material layers’ data from BIM in IFC data model. This IFCModelParser parses IFC files and strores data in text as well as excel files which can be used for further applications like code compliance. Index Terms— Building Information Modelling, BIM, CAD, IFC,Parser I. INTRODUCTION In the past 10 years, design tools in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has been improved from 2D modeling to 3D modeling. Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a powerful set of design management’s tool has recently become a topical research area. Technical developments in Building Information Modeling (BIM) offer the potential for a new generation of software tools that can automate the checking of compliance with building codes. BIM provides the parametric information which makes possible accurate cost estimates, simulations, scheduling, and energy analysis. BIM also facilitates coordination with engineering, fabricating and construction partners. There has been a growing trend in the Architectural, Engineering, Construction / Facilities Management (AEC/FM) industry to use building information modelling (BIM) tools. The BIM data produced by these tools comes in various formats. Most of these data formats are proprietary due to their commercial nature [1]. There are several non-proprietary building data models currently available. One of these is the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an open standard data model developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), which was formed in 1995 by an international consortium of organisations in the AEC/FM industry. The IFC data model allows the building geometry and materials property information to be exported from a BIM authoring tool to a standard format such as the IFC compliant STEP (Standard for Exchange of Product Model Data) physical data file [2]. II. INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES (IFC) A. IFC Objectives The IFC schema has as its scope to: "to define a specification for sharing data throughout the project life- DOI: 01.IJRTET.11.1.1500 © Association of Computer Electronics and Electrical Engineers, 2014 cycle, globally, across disciplines and across technical applications" [4].The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) are designed and maintained by the “International Alliance for Interoperability” (IAI). Members of the IAI are architects, engineers, facility managers, academic institutions, government agencies, technical associations and software vendors. The IAI is organized in Chapters. A Chapter represents a country or a group of countries acting together. There are 11 chapters with 19 countries and more than 500 member companies. The Industry Foundation Classes provide a specification of a data model that covers the domain of building information. It can be used as a shared data model or integrated data base by many occupation groups. In contrast to exchange plans via drawing files like dxf or dwg, the IFC exchange is strictly model based. A wall is not a set of lines but an object with specified attributes and relations [3]. B. Technologies Used In IFC Development The IFC schema is specified using the EXPRESS data definition language, as defined in ISO10303-11:1994. IFC data files are clear text files following the STEP physical file format, as defined in ISO10303-21:1994. IFC files following the STEP physical file format are governed by the IFC schema in EXPRESS. C. Structure of the STEP physical file The “.ifc” file is a STEP physical file, SPF, and thereby a structured ASCII text file. The basic SPF structure divides each file into a header and a data section. The header section has information about: • the IFC version used • the application that exported the file • the date and time when the export was done • (often optionally) the name, company and authorizing person of the file Example HEADER; FILE_DESCRIPTION(('IFC 2x platform'),'2;1'); FILE_NAME( 'Example.dwg', '2005-09-02T14:48:42', ('The User'), ('The Company'), 'The name and version of the IFC preprocessor', 'The name of the originating software system', 'The name of the authorizing person'); FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X2_FINAL')); ENDSEC; The data section contains all instances for the entities of the IFC specification. These instances have a unique (within the scope of a file) STEP Id, the entity type name and a list of explicit attribute. Example DATA; #7=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.)); #8=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.)); #9=IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.)); #10=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#7,#8,#9); ENDSEC; D. Architecture of IFC There are four layers in the IFC Model. The layers follow the “gravitation” concept which means that elements of a certain layer can only refer to entities of the same or a lower layer. The IFC Model Architecture for IFC 2x consists of the following layers. • Resource Layer • Core Layer -Kernel -Extensions • Interoperability Layer • Domain Layer 203 1. Resource Layer: This layer contains the fundamental concepts expressed as entity types such as geometry (point, line and curve) topology (vertex, edge, face and shell), geometric model (CSG, B-Rep, Geometric Set). The elements of this layer can be referenced by elements of all other layers. 2. Core Layer: The Core layer provides the basic structure of the IFC object model and defines most general concepts that will be specialized by higher layers of the IFC object model. The Core includes two levels of generalization: 1. The Kernel 2. Core Extensions The Kernel provides all the basic concepts required for IFC models within the scope of the current IFC Release. It also determines the model structure and decomposition. The Kernel can be seen as a template model that defines the form in which all other schema within the model are developed. Its constructs are very general and are not AEC/FM specific, Core Extensions, provide extension or specialization of concepts defined in the Kernel. More specifically, they extend those constructs for use within the AEC/FM industry. Each Core Extension is a specialization of classes defined in the Kernel and develops further specialization of classes rooted in the IfcKernel. Additionally, primary relationships and roles are also defined within the Core Extensions. 3. Interoperability Layer: This layer defines basic concepts for interoperability between different domain extensions. Shared building elements like beam, door, roof, window or ramp are defined in this layer. 4. Domain Layer: Domain Models provide further model detail within the scope requirements for an AEC/FM domain process or a type of application. Examples of Domain Models are Architecture, HVAC, FM, Structural Engineering etc. The primary IFC element hierarchy is based on the accessing structure, Project > Sites > Buildings > Stories > Spaces> Elements That is, a project is the top-level container made up of one or more sites. A site is a container of one or more buildings (and all of their parts). A building contains one or more stories (and its parts) and a story is made up of one or more spaces (and its parts) and spaces are defined of one or more elements [5]. III. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) A Building Information Model is a digital representation of the building process that facilitates exchange of information in digital format. BIM provides the parametric information which makes possible accurate cost estimates, simulations, scheduling, and energy analysis. BIM also facilitates coordination with engineering, fabricating and construction partners. A. BIM Software and Tools BIM models (e.g. Architectural, Structural, MEP etc) can be created through a number of software products. Some of these products are from Autodesk (Revit Architecture, Revit MEP, AutoCAD MEP) Graphisoft (ArchiCAD, ArchiCAD MEP) and Bentley (BIM) [6]. The associated functions (e.g. 4D scheduling or 5D costing) can be interoperable software. The following table (Table 1) describes list of the most common BIM software available from different companies world-wide [15]: IV. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Automated data exchange between commonly used software tools for building design, construction, and operation has been a goal of the buildings industry for decades. The BuildingSMART has developed an open standard for data exchange between building industry software tools called the Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs). The IFCs provide software developers and users of Building Information Models (BIMs) a standard for sharing consistent, accurate building information amongst software tools used throughout a facility's life cycle [7]. Eastman et al. [8] in their paper reviewed five IFC based efforts
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