Roméo Dallaire on Children As Weapons of War: I Really Think That One Day We’Ll Stop It
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WINTER 2017 ROMÉO DALLAIRE ON CHILDREN AS WEAPONS OF WAR: I REALLY THINK THAT ONE DAY we’ll sTOP IT PLUS COMPUTER SCIENCe’S BALANCING ACT /// EXPANDING GENE THERAPIES /// CHASING STORMS Chart the best course for your life in the years ahead. Start with preferred insurance rates. Supporting you... Take advantage of and Dalhousie University. your group privileges: Your needs will change as your life and career evolve. As a Dalhousie University * You could save $415 Alumni Association member, you have access to the TD Insurance Meloche Monnex program, or more when you which offers preferred insurance rates, combine your home and other discounts and great protection, auto insurance with us. that is easily adapted to your changing needs. Plus, every year our program contributes to supporting your alumni association, so it’s a great way to save and show you care at the same time. Get a quote today! Home and auto insurance program Our extended business hours make it easy. 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Savings are not guaranteed and may vary based on the client’s profile. ® The TD logo and other TD trade-marks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. www.colonialhonda.ca ProjeCt : Annonce TDI 2017 Province : NB Proof # : 3 Publication : Dalhousie Alumni Magazine Client : TD Assurance Due date : 01/20/2017 Size : 7.375x10 FILE # : 13-MM9836-17_MMI.AL1.EN•dal(7.375x10) Color : Quad Designer : Jordane Bellavance Hamelin-Martineau Inc. • 505, boul. de Maisonneuve O, Bureau 300 • Montréal (Québec) H3A 3C2 • T : 514 842-4416 C : [email protected] ATTENTION : MERCI DE VÉRIFIER ATTENTIVEMENT CETTE ÉPREUVE AFIN D’ÉVITER TOUTE ERREUR/PLEASE CHECK THIS PROOF FOR ERRORS Chart the best course for your life in the years ahead. Start with preferred insurance rates. Supporting you... Take advantage of and Dalhousie University. your group privileges: Your needs will change as your life and career evolve. As a Dalhousie University * You could save $415 Alumni Association member, you have access to the TD Insurance Meloche Monnex program, or more when you which offers preferred insurance rates, combine your home and other discounts and great protection, auto insurance with us. that is easily adapted to your changing needs. Plus, every year our program contributes to supporting your alumni association, so it’s a great way to save and show you care at the same time. Get a quote today! Home and auto insurance program Our extended business hours make it easy. recommended by Monday to Friday: 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. (ET) Saturday: 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. (ET) HOME | AUTO Ask for your quote today at 1-888-589-5656 or visit tdinsurance.com/dalalumni The TD Insurance Meloche Monnex program is underwritten by SECURITY NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY. It is distributed by Meloche Monnex Insurance and Financial Services Inc. in Quebec, by Meloche Monnex Financial Services Inc. in Ontario, and by TD Insurance Direct Agency Inc. in the rest of Canada. Our address: 50 Place Crémazie, Montreal (Quebec) H2P 1B6. Due to provincial legislation, our auto and recreational vehicle insurance program is not offered in British Columbia, Manitoba or Saskatchewan. *Nationally, 90% of all of our clients who belong to a professional or an alumni group (underwritten by SECURITY NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY) or an employer group (underwritten by PRIMMUM INSURANCE COMPANY) that have an agreement with us and who insure a home (excluding rentals and condos) and a car on July 31, 2015 saved $415 when compared to the premiums they would have paid with the same insurer without the preferred insurance rate for groups and the multi-product discount. Savings are not guaranteed and may vary based on the client’s profile. ® The TD logo and other TD trade-marks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ProjeCt : Annonce TDI 2017 Province : NB Proof # : 3 Publication : Dalhousie Alumni Magazine Client : TD Assurance Due date : 01/20/2017 Size : 7.375x10 FILE # : 13-MM9836-17_MMI.AL1.EN•dal(7.375x10) Color : Quad Designer : Jordane Bellavance Hamelin-Martineau Inc. • 505, boul. de Maisonneuve O, Bureau 300 • Montréal (Québec) H3A 3C2 • T : 514 842-4416 C : [email protected] ATTENTION : MERCI DE VÉRIFIER ATTENTIVEMENT CETTE ÉPREUVE AFIN D’ÉVITER TOUTE ERREUR/PLEASE CHECK THIS PROOF FOR ERRORS Visit our website at dal.ca/dalmag CONTENTS WINTER 2017 DAL RESEARCH DIVIDE AND CONQUER A new process for tagging genes could allow gene therapy to be applied to disorders such as muscular dystrophies and spinal muscular atrophy. FEATURES Dr. Graham Dellaire, Dalhousie Medical School’s Cameron Research Scientist in Cancer Biology, explains his team’s discovery and how it could make gene therapy more effective. By Cory Burris THE PROBLEM feld-Tanenbaum Research Institute in Toronto recently found a way to ICONS FROM THE NOUN PROJECT: MEAGHAN HENDRICKS, DINESH PAL GAUTAM COLLAGE BY CAREN WATKINS; Gene therapy allows scientists to correct genetic disorders by replac- turn on the recombination process needed to perform gene editing in ing defective or missing genes in cells with transplanted normal genes. non-dividing cells. Up until that point, precise gene editing in these DIVIDE AND CONQUER A new process for tagging genes could allow gene But it’s an expensive and time consuming process. In the last decade, cells was thought to be impossible. “Dr. Durocher’s breakthrough was though, the discovery and refinement of a technique know as CRISPR profound, but he and his team needed a way to prove their process,” (it stands for Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Re- says Dr. Dellaire. “That’s where we came in.” peat) has made gene therapy easier, cheaper and faster, and its use in genome editing was deemed the top scientific breakthrough of 2015 by THE SOLUTION the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Still, CRIS- “We came up with a fluorescent tagging technique to identify when gene therapy to be applied to disorders such as muscular dystrophies and spinal PR hasn’t cleared all gene therapy hurdles: “Up to now, CRISPR has targeting has been successful in a cell—even in those that don’t divide,” been used to treat diseases that affect parts of the body comprised of says Dr. Dellaire. The technique shows a precision gene editing event cells that divide, like blood,” says Dr. Dellaire. “Researchers haven’t when the cell being worked on turns green and a ring appears around been able to apply CRISPR in non-dividing cells like muscle and brain its nucleus. Tens of thousands of cell samples can be screened this way, tissue,” which are involved in diseases such as muscular dystrophy and allowing researchers to keep improving gene therapies. muscular atrophy. By Cory Burris spinal muscular atrophy. THE IMPLICATIONS THE APPROACH This new knowledge will enable gene therapy to be applied to disor- In order to apply CRISPR in non-dividing cells, researchers need to ac- ders of the musculoskeletal and nervous system—systems made up of tivate a cellular process called homologous recombination. Essentially, non-dividing cells. “At this stage, getting non-dividing cells to behave the process lets non-dividing cells behave like those that divide, allow- like dividing cells is only safe to do in a lab environment,” explains Dr. 12 page 12 ing a cell’s genes to be manipulated and rearranged with high fidelity. Dellaire. “We’re trying to identify molecules that will take the place of “Without reactivating the homologous recombination process, CRISPR these man-made genetic manipulations. Our hope is to one day make would do more harm than good by making DNA deletions and inser- gene therapy a reality for diseases of non-dividing cells such as mus- tions rather than correcting faulty genes,” explains Dr. Dellaire. cular dystrophies like myotonic dystrophy, and nervous disorders like Dr. Daniel Durocher and his team at Mount Sinai Hospital’s Lunen- spinal muscular atrophy where the faulty genes have been identified.” A SOLDIER’S PEACE OFFERING He’s a retired Canadian Lieutenant- DAL WINTER 2017 DAL WINTER 2017 General trying to end the world’s use of child soldiers. She’s an academic 12 13 brave enough to tell him, “You’ve been doing this wrong.” Together, Roméo Dallaire and Shelly Whitman have forged a powerful partnership.