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EASO Rapport D'information Sur Les Pays D'origine European Asylum Support Office EASO Rapport d’information sur les pays d’origine Nigeria Individus pris pour cibles Novembre 2018 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Rapport d’information sur les pays d’origine Nigeria Individus pris pour cibles Novembre 2018 De plus amples informations sur l’Union européenne sont disponibles sur l’internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-477-5 doi: 10.2847/320667 © European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 2018 Sauf indication contraire, la reproduction est autorisée, moyennant mention de la source. Pour les contenus reproduits dans la présente publication et appartenant à des tierces parties, se référer aux mentions relatives aux droits d’auteur desdites tierces parties. Photo de couverture: © Utenriksdepartementet UD, camp de déplacés internes de Banki, État de Borno, nord-est du Nigeria Des femmes et des enfants allant chercher de l’eau à un puits dans le camp de déplacés internes de Mafa (État de Borno, nord-est du Nigeria), le 9 novembre 2016. EASO RAPPORT D’INFORMATION SUR LES PAYS D’ORIGINE: NIGERIA - INDIVIDUS PRIS POUR CIBLES — 3 Remerciements Le présent rapport a été rédigé par l’EASO. Les services d’asile et de migration nationaux suivants ont relu le présent rapport: Pays-Bas, service de l’immigration et de la naturalisation, Office d’information sur les pays et d’analyse linguistique (OCILA); Suède, Agence de la migration (Migrationsverket), Lifos – Centre d’analyse et d’information sur les pays d’origine. L’experte externe suivante a relu le présent rapport: Megan Turnbull, professeure adjointe de politique comparée au Département des affaires internationales de l’Université de Géorgie. Il convient de souligner que la relecture du présent rapport par les départements, experts ou organisations susmentionnés contribue à la qualité globale du rapport, mais ne suppose pas nécessairement leur approbation formelle du rapport final, qui relève pleinement de la responsabilité de l’EASO. 4 — EASO RAPPORT D’INFORMATION SUR LES PAYS D’ORIGINE: NIGERIA - INDIVIDUS PRIS POUR CIBLES EASO RAPPORT D’INFORMATION SUR LES PAYS D’ORIGINE: NIGERIA - INDIVIDUS PRIS POUR CIBLES — 5 Table des matières Remerciements ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Table des matières .................................................................................................................................. 5 Avertissement ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Glossaire et abréviations ...................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Méthodologie ................................................................................................................................... 16 Définition des termes de référence ............................................................................................. 16 Collecte de l’information .............................................................................................................. 16 Contrôle de la qualité (relecture par les pairs et relecture externe) ........................................... 17 Structure et utilisation du présent rapport ...................................................................................... 17 Carte ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 1. Présentation générale du Nigeria ..................................................................................................... 19 2. Acteurs ciblant les personnes ........................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Boko Haram ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.1.1 Objectifs .............................................................................................................................. 22 2.1.2 Structure .............................................................................................................................. 24 2.1.3 Mode opératoire ................................................................................................................. 29 2.1.4 Recrutement de Boko Haram .............................................................................................. 31 2.1.5 Recrutement forcé .............................................................................................................. 33 2.1.6 Enfants soldats .................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.7 Femmes et filles .................................................................................................................. 35 2.2 Groupes militants dans le delta du Niger ................................................................................... 36 2.2.1 Généralités .......................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.2 MEND (Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, Mouvement pour l’émancipation du delta du Niger) ............................................................................................... 40 2.2.3 NDA (Niger Delta Avengers, Vengeurs du delta du Niger) .................................................. 41 2.3 Confraternités étudiantes/universitaires ................................................................................... 45 2.3.1 Structure .............................................................................................................................. 46 2.3.2 Objectif ................................................................................................................................ 47 2.3.3 Mode opératoire ................................................................................................................. 48 2.3.4 Recrutement et initiation .................................................................................................... 49 2.4 Trafiquants .................................................................................................................................. 51 6 — EASO RAPPORT D’INFORMATION SUR LES PAYS D’ORIGINE: NIGERIA - INDIVIDUS PRIS POUR CIBLES 2.4.1 Structure .............................................................................................................................. 52 2.4.2 Objectifs .............................................................................................................................. 54 2.4.3 Modes opératoire – y compris recrutement ....................................................................... 54 2.5 Acteurs étatiques ou rattachés à l’État ...................................................................................... 56 2.5.1 Forces armées nigérianes .................................................................................................... 56 2.5.2 Force de police nigériane .................................................................................................... 59 2.5.3 Police islamique (hisba) ....................................................................................................... 61 2.5.4 Force d’intervention civile conjointe (Civilian Joint Task Force, CJTF) ................................ 66 2.6 Peine de mort ............................................................................................................................. 70 2.6.1 Le code pénal de la charia et la peine de mort ................................................................... 71 2.6.2 Infractions passibles de la peine de mort dans la charia .................................................... 72 3. Individus pris pour cibles .................................................................................................................. 74 3.1 Personnes prises pour cibles par Boko Haram ........................................................................... 74 3.1.1 Généralités .......................................................................................................................... 74 3.1.2 Personnes perçues comme des partisans du gouvernement ............................................. 75 3.1.3 Personnes rejetant la charia/«infidèles» ............................................................................ 75 3.1.4 Chrétiens ............................................................................................................................. 76 3.1.5 Enseignants/éducation ........................................................................................................ 77 3.1.6 Professionnels de la santé ................................................................................................... 79 3.1.7 Femmes et enfants .............................................................................................................. 80 3.1.8 PDI (personnes déplacées internes) .................................................................................... 82 3.1.9 Journalistes .........................................................................................................................
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