WENCHI MUNICIPAL Feed the Future District Profile Series - February 2017 - Issue 1

DISTRICT PROFILE CONTENT Wenchi Municipal is one of the districts in Ghana’s Brong . It covers a total land area of 1,145 square 1. Cover Page kilometers and shares boundaries with Municipal to the west, Kintampo South District to the northwest, Tain 2. USAID Project Data District to the east and Municipal to the south. The 3-4. Agricultural Data district has a total population of 100,454 out of which 5. Health, Nutrition and Sanitation 51,174 are females and 49,371 are males with an average household size of 4.7 persons. The boxes below contain 6. USAID Presence relevant economic indicators such as per capita expenditure 7. Demographic and Weather Data and poverty prevalence for a better understanding of its 8. Discussion Questions development.

Poverty Prevalence 9.6 % Daily per capita expenditure 5.37 USD Households with moderate or severe hunger 13.9% Household Size 4.7 members Poverty Depth 3.6 % Total Population of the Poor 9,652

481 USAID PROJECT DATA

This section contains data and information related to USAID sponsored interventions in Wenchi Municipal

Table 1: USAID Projects Info, Wenchi Municipal, 2014-2016 There were no direct beneficiaries in Beneficiaries Data 2014 2015 2016 Direct Beneficiaries 0 68 206 Wenchi Municipal in 2014 and a few were Male 0 50 130 registered in 2015 and 2016. No nucleus Female 0 18 76 Undefined farmer is operating in the district and only Nucleus Farmers 0 0 n/a Male 3 demonstration plots have been estab- Female lished to support beneficiary training. Also Undefined Demoplots 0 3 n/a no agricultural loans were facilitated by Male Female USAID intervention as shown in Table 1. Undefined 3 Direct beneficiaries yields and gross mar- Investment and Impact Agriculture Rural Loans gins for the district are not available. USAID Projects Present 2 Beneficiaries Score 0 0 0 According to our calculation method and Presence Score 0.0 as shown in Table 1, there is no USAID District Flag Blue presence in Wenchi Municipal as the Source: USAID Project Reporting, 2014-2015, number of direct beneficiaries is below the minimum benchmark. This has resulted in a Infograph 1: Wenchi Demoplots, 2014-2015 USAID presence score** of 0 out of 4. In 37** addition, the district is flagged Blue*** 3* indicating that while there is no project

Demo Plots presence or intervention, the impact indicators show contradicting values. Find more details on USAID Presence vs. Impact scoring on page 7. 3 (Maize) The presence calculation includes the number of direct Crop Genetics, Plouging, Harrowing, beneficiaries and Agricultural Planting in Rows, Fertilization, Pest control Rural Loans.

Source:: USAID Project Reporting, 2014, 2015

* “Direct Beneficiary, an individual who comes in direct contact with a set of interventions” FTF Handbook, 2016 , ** and ***Presence and Flag Ranges are explained in page 7

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 482 AGRICULTURAL DATA

This section contains agricultural data for Wenchi Municipal such as production by commodity, gross margins and yields.

Agricultural production in Wenchi Municipal is dominat- Figure 1: Share of Agricultural Production by Commodity, Wenchi Municipal 2010-2015 ed by yam and cassava, which when combined constitut- ed 90.1% of the district production for the period Yam Cassava 2010-2015. Other commodities contributed much lower 44.7% 45.4% shares as Figure 1 shows. Wenchi Municipal accounted for only 5.6% of the regional agricultural production in 2015. Sorghum Cocoyam 0.0% 0.4% Plantain Maize Cowpea Yield data, presented in Figure 2, contain values of yields 1.6% 7.2% 0.5% of the commodities produced in 2015. Yam, cassava and Source: Agriculture Production Reports 2010- 2015, MOFA also plantain account for much higher yields than maize Figure 2: Yields of Agricultural Commodities produced in Wenchi and the other products. Municipal, 2015, MT/ha 20.0 19.0 18.0 17.0 16.0 14.0 Table 2 below provides detailed information on specific 12.0 10.0 8.2 commodities in respect of the overall annual production 8.0 6.0 in Wenchi Municipal as well as average yields for the 4.0 1.9 2.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 years 2010-2015. - Cassava Cocoyam Cowpea Groundnut Maize Plantain Sorghum Yam Source: Agriculture Production Reports 2015, MOFA

Table 2: Agricultural Production and Yields in Wenchi Municipal, 2010-2015, in MT and MT/ha Commodity 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Total Cassava 2 17,974 2 17,200 2 12,138 1 70,869 1 67,369 1 35,128 1 ,120,678 Cocoyam 8 ,858 8 ,858 Cowpea 1 ,885 2 ,065 2 ,087 2 ,005 1 ,915 1 ,547 1 1,504 Groundnut 5 28 6 60 652 6 30 6 04 6 08 3 ,682 Maize 2 7,421 3 1,350 3 2,044 3 1,162 2 8,829 2 6,880 1 77,686 Plantain 8 ,476.0 8 ,150.0 7 ,909.0 7 ,685.0 7 ,699.0 3 9,919.0 Sorghum 1 26 1 45 1 33 1 31 1 27 1 10 7 72 Yam 1 91,673.1 1 91,000.0 1 89,004.0 1 86,878.0 174,604.0 1 70,300.0 1,103,459.1 Yields in MT/Ha 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Cassava 1 9.0 1 9.6 1 9.3 1 6.0 1 5.9 1 4.1 Cocoyam 4 .2 4 .2 4 .2 4.3 Cowpea 0 .9 0 .9 0 .9 0 .9 0 .9 0 .7 Groundnut 0 .6 0 .8 0 .8 0 .8 0 .8 0 .8 Maize 1 .9 1 .9 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 Plantain 8.2 8 .0 7 .8 7 .8 7 .6 8 .0 Sorghum 1 .1 1 .3 1 .2 1 .2 1 .2 1 .1 Yam 1 7.0 1 7.0 1 7.2 1 7.2 1 7.2 1 7.2 Source: RING & SPRING Survey, 2015 USAID METSS Project All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 483 AGRICULTURAL DATA

This section contains information on domains of empower- ment of Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index for Wenchi Municipal

What is the Women Empowerment Wenchi Municipal Results in Agriculture Index? Women play a prominent role in agriculture. Yet they The results of both male and female respondents on the face persistent economic and social constraints. Wom- four domains are displayed in Figure 3. en’s empowerment is a main focus of Feed the Future in order to achieve its objectives of inclusive agriculture Production Domain: A majority of women feel com- sector growth and improved nutritional status. The fortable with providing input related to production WEAI is comprised of two weighted sub-indexes: decisions as indicated by 85.9% of the women of the survey sample. However, women appear to have less Domains Empowerment Index (5DE) and Gender Parity control over the use of household income than men – Index (GPI). The 5DE examines the five domains of only 57.7% of women vs 80% of the male respondents. empowerment: production, resources, income, leader- ship and time. The GPI compares the empowerment of Resource Domain: A thin majority of the women women to the empowerment of their male counterpart have a right to asset ownership and to purchase and in the household. This section presents the results from move assets– 69.6% and 68% respectively. Only 14% of these empowerment indicators of the 5DE for Wenchi the women have the right to decide or have access to Municipal, part of a bigger survey conducted by Kansas credit, compared to 14.3% of the male respondents. State University. Nonetheless, access to credit is almost equally low for both genders. The Domains: what do they represent? The Production domain assesses the ability of individuals Leadership Domain: 75% and 82.1% of the women to provide input and autonomously make decisions interviewed have the right to group membership and about agricultural production. The Resources domain public speaking respectively. reflects individuals’ control over and access to produc- Time Domain: A majority of women and men in tive resources. The Income domain monitors individuals’ Wenchi Municipal are satisfied with the workload in ability to direct the financial resources derived from their everyday life– 84.1% and 75% respectively. The agricultural production or other sources. The Leadership values drop with respect to satisfaction with leisure time; domain reflects individuals’ social capital and comfort 62.2% of women and 72.2% of men are satisfied with the speaking in public within their community. The Time amount of leisure time at their disposal. domain reflects individuals’ workload and satisfaction with leisure time.

Figure 3: Results on domains of empowerment of the WEAI Index, Wenchi Adequacy & Municipal, 2015, in percent 120 Differences

100 95 96.4 85.9 89.3 89.1 80 82.1 84.1 Highest differences between male and female 80 75 75 69.6 6871.9 71.2 t 62.2 respondents are observed within production and n 57.7

e 60 c income domain: control over use of household r e P 40 income and resources domain: asset ownership. 14.3 20 14 Adequacy: Together, men and women achieve 0 adequacy in all indicators but right to purchase Input in Control Over Asset Right to Access to and Group Public Satisfaction Satisfaction Production Use of Ownership Purchase Sell Decision on Membership Speaking with with Leisure ands sell assets, access to credit and satisfaction Decision Household and Transfer Credit Workload Time Income Assets with leisure time. In addition men achieve Production and Income Resources Domain Leadership Domain Time Domain Domain adequacy in control over use of household Women Men income, asset ownership, group membership while women do not. Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 484 HEALTH, NUTRITION AND SANITATION

This section contains facts and figures related to Health, Nutrition and Sanitation in Wenchi Municipal

Infograph 1 focuses on the health and nutrition of Infograph 1: Health and Nutrition Figures, Wenchi Municipal, 2015 women and children in the district. Percentages and absolute numbers are revealed in the respective circles Children Stunting, for stunting, wasting, children and women underweight 25.7%**, 3,763 as well as Women Dietary Diversity Score: The WDDS is Only 48.3%, Children 11,921, of women Underweight based on nine food groups. A woman’s score is based on reach minimum 5.7%**, dietary diversity 835 the sum of different food groups consumed in the 24 hours prior to the interview. Women Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD-W) represents the proportion of women consuming a

Woman Dietary Wasting in minimum of five food groups out of the possible ten food Diversity Score, 3.8** Children, 5.7%, groups based on their dietary intake. The Dietary diversity 835 score of women in Wenchi Muncipal is 3.8, which means

Women that women consume on average 3 to 4 types of food Underweight, 11.1%**, 2,740 out of 10. Almost half of the women (48.3%) reach the minimum dietary diversity of 5 food groups.

Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University, 2015, Figure 4 displays specifics of household dwelling, evaluat- ed based on sources of water, energy, waste disposal, cooking fuel source, and the number of people per sleep room as measured from the PBS Survey, 2015.

Figure 4: Household dwellng Characteristics, Wenchi Municipal, 2015

Access to Electricity 47.2 %

Access to Solid Fuel 94.4 %

Persons Per Sleep Room 2.3 %

Improved Sanitation 40.0 %

Access to Improved Water Source 64.8 %

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University, 2015,

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 485 PRESENCE VS. IMPACT MATRIX

This section provides an analysis of USAID presence vis-a-vis impact indicators in Wenchi Municipal

Presence vs. Impact reveals in more detail the presence of the Feed the Future Implementing Partners in the field, in combi- nation with impact indicators measured by the Population Based Survey in 2012 and 2015: per capita expenditure & preva- lence of poverty. This combination aims to show relevance of the presence of key indicators measuring progress/regress in the area. The following graphs are a print screen of the Presence vs. Impact Dashboard focusing on Wenchi Municipal. One of the impact indicators ‘per capita expenditure’, has worsened while the other indicator “prevalence of poverty” has improved. See Figure 5 and 7. In 2015, per capita expenditure decreased by 26.3 percent to 5.37 USD. The decrease in per capita expenditure is accompanied by a decrease in poverty by 23.8 percentage points, leaving the population of the poor at 9,652 persons. So the impact indicators show contradicting values; people spend less but at the same time there are less poor. This is accompanied by a USAID presence score of 0 out of 4. Therefore, the district is flagged blue ( low or no pres- ence and contradicting impact indicators).

Further research needs to be conducted in Wenchi Municipal to be able to understand why the impact indicators values contradict each other. On the other hand, the Municpal is marked as an area with no intervention even though it is part of the Savannah Ecological Zone. Thus, intervention in Wenchi Municipal will certainly contribute to the betterment of the area and help change the district color.

USAID District Presence Score Figure 5: Poverty in % and Poverty Change in percentage points, 2012,2015, Wenchi Municipal 12.60%

0.0% s 20.0% 9.60% t i n

NO USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE o p

0.0% WENCHI MUNICIPAL e a g t t n n -20.0% Poverty Change e e c c

LOW USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE r r 2012- 2015 e e P P -40.0% -23.8%

n i n i

y e t

-60.0% g r

BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE e a n v h o C P -80.0%

y t r

-100.0% e AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE v o P -120.0% -40.0% Poverty/ 2012 Poverty/2015 Poverty Change 2012-2015 ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE

HIGH USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE Figure 6: Population of Poor, Non - Poor Wenchi Municipal, 2015 120000

100000 r s e b

m 80000 u n

i n USAID District Presence Vs. Impact Flag

n 60000

i o 90,893 t l a

u 40000 p o BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND P 20000 CONTRADICTING IMPACT INDICATORS 9,652 0 WENCHI MUNICIPAL ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND Population Poor 2015 Population of NonPoor 2015 CONTRADICTING IMPACT INDICATORS

BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND Figure 7: Per Capita Expenditure in 2012 and 2015, in USD/day; Per Capita REGRESSING IMPACT INDICATORS Expenditure Change in percent, Wenchi Municipal t n e

8 0% c y r

a 7.29USD e d -20% P ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND 7 n D / i -40% Per Capita Exp. e U S g

IMPROVING IMPACT INDICATORS 6

n Change 5.37USD i

-60% a n

h s -26.3% e

5 C r -80% s u t e BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND i r

d 4 -100% u n t i e d

IMPROVING IMPACT INDICATORS p -120% n

x 3 e E -140% p a x t i 2 E a

a p -160%

ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND t i C

1 a p r -180% e REGRESSING IMPACT INDICATORS C

P 0 -200% r e

WENCHI MUNICIPAL P PC Exp. 2012 PC Exp. 2015 PC/Change

Source: Figure 9,10,11 Population based Survey, 2012,2015, Kansas State University, METSS, USAID Project Reporting 2014,2015

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 486 DEMOGRAPHICS & WEATHER

This section contains facts and figures related to Wenchi Municipal demographics, religious affiliation, literacy and weather indicators

Figure 8: Household Composition in Wenchi Municipal by groupage, 2015 Wenchi Municipal has a population of 100,454 out of which 51,174 are females and 49,371 are males with an Adult Males Children 0 to 4 19% 17% average household size of 4.7 persons.

The District lies in the tropical continental climacteric Adult Females 26% zone. Average precipitation and temperature are similar to the other districts in the Brong Ahafo Region. Figure Children 5 to 17 38% 11 shows the average maximal and minimal tempera- Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University tures as well as yearly average precipitation.

Wenchi Municipal accounts for a relatively young popula- tion with 56% of the population falling in the age range: 0 Figure 9: Religious Affiliation, Wench Municipal, 2010 to 17 years old. For more details refer to Figure 8. Other 0.7% In terms of religious affiliation, the majority of the popu- Traditionalist No Religion 3.7% 8.2% lation are Christians (65.5%) followed by Muslims, who account for 21.9% of the population. For more details Islam Catholic 21.9% 29.9% refer to Figure 9.

Other Christians 4.9% The district accounts for a high adult illiteracy rate with 67.6% of the adults having received no education. 13.8% Pentecostal/ Charismatic went through only primary school while 18.5% made it 16.7% Protestant 14.0% further to secondary school. These values are better Source: Wenchi Municipal Analytical Report, GSS, 2014 than that of any of the districts in the .

Figure 11:Average Yearly Precipitation in mm and Average Max. and Min Figure 10: Education Attainment in Wenchi Municipal, Temperatures in Celsius, 2008-2015- 900 35 2015 799.6 800 30

700 656.3 s

628.4 u 606.2 i s Secondary Level m 25 l e

m 600 Education, 18.50% 537.2 C

n 505.0 499.9 i 493.3

20 n i n 500

o e i r t a u t 400 t

i 15 a p r i c 300 e e p

r 10 m P

200 e T 5 100 Primary Level 0 0 Education, 13.8% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 No Educaton, 67.6% Accumulated Percipitation, in mm Average Max. Temperature Average Min. Temperature

Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University Source: awhere Weather Platform, AWhere, 2016

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 487 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

This section contains discussion questions and potential research topics as a result of the data and analysis presented on Wenchi Municipal

QUESTION I QUESTION 2

Why does the impact indicators have contradict- What other agricultural or nutrition focused ing values in Wenchi Municipal? What needs to be development partner or GoG interventions have done to improve the per capita expenditure previously been implemented, are ongoing, indicator and turn the flag from blue to green? and/or are in the pipeline that may impact Wenchi Municipal’s development?

QUESTION 3 QUESTION 4

Given Wenchi Municipal’s agricultural production, Why is there little intervention in this Municipal health and sanitation figures, as well as results with the calculated presence score being valued from the presence vs impact matrix, where at 0? should USAID development work focus on in the next two years? What future development assis- tance would be helpful for this Municipality?

The Feed the Future Ghana District Profile Series is produced for the USAID Office of Economic Growth in Ghana by the Monitoring, Evaluation and Technical Support Services (METSS) Project. The METSS Project is implemented through:

The information provided is not official U.S. government information and does not represent the views or positions of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. Government.

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 488