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Andrew Jackson Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division 1 7th PRESIDENT Facts About the Presidents , 7th Edition, by Joseph Nathan Kane, Janet Podell, and Steven Anvozin. Copyright © 2001 by The H. W. Wilson Company From Facts About the President Facts About the Presidents Andrew Jackson Date of birth—Mar. 15, 1767 Political party—Democratic (Democratic- Place of birth—Waxhaw, S.C. Republican) Education—Attended schools of Dr. William State represented—Tennessee Humphries, Rev. James White Stephenson, Term of office—Mar. 4, 1829–Mar. 4, 1837 and Robert McCulloch; private study in law Term served—8 years offices of Spruce McCay and John Stokes, Administration—11th, 12th Salisbury, N.C. Congresses—21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th Religion—Presbyterian Age at inauguration—61 years, 354 days Ancestry—Scotch-Irish Lived after term—8 years, 96 days Career—Lawyer, delegate to state constitu- Occupation after term—Retired tional convention, U.S. congressman, U.S. senator, justice of state superior court, state Date of death—June 8, 1845 senator, Army general in War of 1812 and Age at death—78 years, 85 days First Seminole War, military governor of Place of death—The Hermitage, near Florida Nashville, Tenn. Burial place—The Hermitage, Tenn. Family Father Marriage Name—Andrew Jackson Married—Rachel Donelson Robards Place of birth—Ireland Date of marriage—Aug. 1791, Natchez, Miss. (second ceremony, Jan. 17, 1794, Marriage—Elizabeth Hutchinson Nashville, Tenn.) Occupation—Linen weaver (in Ireland), Age of wife at marriage—24 years farmer Age of husband at marriage—24 years Date of death—Mar. 1767 Years married—37 years Mother Rachel Donelson married Captain Lewis Robards March 1, 1785. In 1790 the legisla- Name at birth—Elizabeth Hutchinson ture of Virginia granted Robards the right to Place of birth—Ireland sue for divorce—a grant which she mistak- Marriage—Andrew Jackson enly assumed was a divorce. She married Date of death—November 1781 Jackson in 1791, learned later that the pro- ceeding had not been completed, and was Place of death—Charleston, S.C. remarried to Jackson in 1794 after Robards had received the divorce decree (September Siblings 27, 1793, Court of Quarter Sessions, Mercer Andrew Jackson was the third child in a County, Ky.). family of three. Children of Andrew Jackson and Elizabeth Children Hutchinson Jackson Andrew Jackson, Jr. (adopted child, one of Hugh Jackson, b. 1762, d. May 29, 1779 Mrs. Jackson’s twin nephews), b. 1809; m. Robert Jackson, b. 1765, d. Aug. 6, 1781 1831 Sarah Yorke; d. 1865 Andrew Jackson, b. Mar. 15, 1767, d. June 8, 1845 From Facts About the President, 7th Edition, by Joseph Nathan Kane, Janet Podell, and Steven Anvozin. Copyright © 2001 by The H. W. Wilson Company 2 Facts About the Presidents The President’s Wife Name at birth—Rachel Donelson Years younger than the President—92 Date of birth—June 15 (?), 1767 days Place of birth—Halifax County, Va. Years the President survived her—16 Mother—Rachel Stockley Donelson years, 168 days Father—Colonel John Donelson Hostesses at the White House Father’s occupation—Surveyor First marriage—Lewis Robards, March 1, As Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson had 1785 (div. September 27, 1793) died of a heart attack before her husband was inaugurated, President Jackson assigned the Second marriage—Andrew Jackson duties of hostess at the White House to his Children—Andrew Jackson, Jr. (adopted wife’s niece, Emily Donelson, who was the child, one of twin sons born to the wife of wife of Andrew Jackson Donelson, the Presi- Severn Donelson, Mrs. Jackson’s brother), dent’s aide-de-camp and private secretary. b. 1809, d. 1865 Their four children were all born in the White Date of death—Dec. 22, 1828 House. She contracted tuberculosis and in Age at death—61 years, 190 days 1836 returned to her home in Tennessee. Also Place of death—The Hermitage, near serving at various times as hostess was Nashville, Tenn. Sarah Yorke Jackson, wife of Andrew Jack- Burial place—The Hermitage, Tenn. son’s adopted son Andrew Jackson, Jr. Important Dates in the President’s Life 1784, studied law, Salisbury, N.C. 1812, commander of Tennessee militia; 1787, fought first duel (with Waightstill served against Creek Indians Avery) 1812–1814, major general of volunteers Nov. 21, 1787, admitted to the bar; practiced Aug. 30, 1813, expedition against Creek Indi- in McLeanville, N.C., and Tennessee ans who massacred garrison at Fort Mims, Oct. 1788, solicitor of western district of Ala. North Carolina (comprising what is now Sept. 4, 1813, wounded in affray with the Tennessee) brothers Thomas Hart Benton and Jesse Jan. 1796, delegate to Tennessee State Con- Benton stitutional Convention, Knoxville Mar. 27, 1814, defeated Creek Indians at Dec. 5, 1796–Mar. 3, 1797, U.S. House of Horseshoe Bend of the Tallapoosa Representatives (from Tennessee) Apr. 19, 1814, commissioned brigadier gen- Nov. 1797–Apr. 1798, U.S. Senate (from Ten- eral, U.S. Army nessee) May 1, 1814, promoted to major general, U.S. 1798–July 24, 1804, judge, Supreme Court of Army Tennessee Aug. 9, 1814, negotiated treaty with the 1801, major general of militia for western dis- Creek Indians trict of Tennessee Sept. 9, 1814, began first Florida campaign 1804, moved to the Hermitage, near Nash- Nov. 7, 1814, captured Pensacola and Fort ville, Tenn.; engaged in planting and mer- Michael; British retreated cantile pursuits Jan. 8, 1815, defeated British under General May 30, 1806, killed Charles Dickinson in Pakenham at Battle of New Orleans, not duel aware that a peace treaty had been signed 1807, Tennessee state senator and lawyer at Ghent From Facts About the President, 7th Edition, by Joseph Nathan Kane, Janet Podell, and Steven Anvozin. Copyright © 2001 by The H. W. Wilson Company 3 Facts About the Presidents Feb. 27, 1815, received thanks of Congress; Mar. 10–July 18, 1821, governor of Florida awarded a gold medal by resolution July 20, 1822, nominated for President by Mar. 24, 1815, fined $1,000 by Judge Tennessee legislature Dominick A. Hall for contempt of court Mar. 4, 1823–Oct. 14, 1825, U.S. Senator Dec. 26, 1817, ordered by Secretary of War (from Tennessee); resigned Calhoun to attack the Seminoles 1824, unsuccessful candidate for the presi- Mar. 1818, in an incursion into Spanish Flor- dency; won plurality of electoral votes, but ida, defeated the Seminoles and captured House of Representatives chose John St. Marks and Pensacola, in the process, Quincy Adams nearly precipitating a war with Great Brit- Mar. 4, 1829–Mar. 4, 1837, President ain; John Quincy Adams was his sole June 26, 1833, LL.D. degree conferred by defender in Monroe’s Cabinet Harvard Elections The Election of 1828 Jackson of Tennessee and John Caldwell Cal- houn of South Carolina. Jackson carried 15 of Andrew Jackson’s supporters claimed that the 24 states. the caucus system defeated the purposes of the Constitution, which envisaged electors 1828 Popular Vote voting as they pleased, and that the power of selection had passed from the electors to an Jackson-Calhoun faction (Democratic Party), extra-legal body. They argued that the popu- 647,286 lar vote showed that the congressional caucus Adams-Clay faction (Federalist or National was not representative of the wishes of the Republican Party), 508,064 people. In 1828 a new policy was instituted. It was 1828 Electoral Vote the first election in which the nominations There were 261 electoral votes from 24 were all made by state legislatures instead of states. congressional caucuses. It was also the first Jackson received 68.20 percent (178 votes— in which the popular vote was a real factor in 15 states) as follows: Ala. 5; Ga. 9; Ill. 3; the selection of electors. Ind. 5; Ky. 14; La. 5; Me. 1 (of the 9 votes); The Democratic-Republicans, known also Md. 5 (of the 11 votes); Miss. 3; Mo. 3; N.Y. as Republicans or Democrats, were split into 20 (of the 36 votes); N.C. 15; Ohio 16; Pa. factions. Jackson’s supporters (who tended 28; S.C. 11; Tenn. 11; Va. 24. more and more to call themselves Democrats) felt that he had been deprived of the election For the vice presidency Calhoun received 171 in 1825 and were determined to elect him in votes and William Smith (also of South 1828. It was not only a personal matter, but a Carolina) received 7 votes. geographical struggle as well. The Adams- Adams received 31.80 percent (84 votes—9 Clay adherents (who soon joined the remain- states) as follows: Conn. 8; Del. 3; Me. 8 (of ing Federalists to form the National Republi- the 9 votes); Md. 6 (of the 11 votes); Mass. can Party) nominated two candidates from 15; N.H. 8; N.J. 8; N.Y. 16 (of the 36 votes); the North, John Quincy Adams of Massachu- R.I. 4; Vt. 7. setts and Richard Rush of Pennsylvania. The For the vice presidency Rush received 83 Democrats nominated two from the South, votes. From Facts About the President, 7th Edition, by Joseph Nathan Kane, Janet Podell, and Steven Anvozin. Copyright © 2001 by The H. W. Wilson Company 4 Facts About the Presidents The Election of 1832 Jackson was not formally nominated; rather, the delegates expressed their agree- The election of 1832 was the first in which ment with Jackson’s previous nominations by all the candidates were nominated by conven- various state legislatures. tions. Four were held, three of them at the This convention was held by the “Republi- same location, the Atheneum in Baltimore, can Delegates from the Several States.” The Md. party which today bears the name Demo- The earliest one—and thus the first cratic was then known officially as the national nominating convention ever to Republican Party (a name that had come meet—took place on September 26, 1831, down from the time of Jefferson) and popu- when Anti-Masonic Party delegates met in larly as the Democratic-Republican Party, or Baltimore to cast their votes into an open bal - simply the Democratic Party.
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