Centro de Transferencia de Tecnología en Transportación Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura UPR-Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez Call Box 9000 * Mayagüez, PR 00681 Te l. 7 8 7 -834-6385 * Fax: 787-265-5695 * www.uprm.edu/prt2 29 Años de Excelencia en el Adiestramiento de Oficiales de Transportación a Nivel Municipal, Estatal, y Federal en Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes

Instructor

Dr. Jonathan Muñoz Barreto Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura UPR – Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez

17 de noviembre de 2015 Open Source GIS: Geospatial Solutions in

Transportation INSTRUCTOR’s: Dr. Jonathan Muñoz-Barreto Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying Engineering University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Sr. Roy Ruiz-Vélez Puerto Rico Seismic Network Tuesday, November 17, 2015 University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez No puede impedirse el viento. Pero Liberal Arts pueden construirse molinos. Education Proverbio holandés Earth’s Population by Latitude and Longitude

Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Global Internet Usage Based on Time of Day

Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) World Map of Vegetation on Earth

Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Overall Water Risk Around the World

Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance)  Open Source Geographic Information Systems (Quantum GIS, Map Window, ArcGIS Online)

Objectives  Procedures for the management of geospatial data (transportation applications)  Basic Concepts of GIS with focus on Open Source Solutions  Acquisition of geospatial data (vector and raster)  Government databases Working Items  Applications in transportation  Delineation and identification of road infrastructure.  Online Geo Data as an option to share information between agencies.  Delineation of watersheds and networks for flood mitigation  Morning Session: Review and Fundamental Concepts Agenda  Afternoon Session: Practice and Computational Time  Required Software:  QGIS (www.qgis.com)

Housekeeping  Mapwindow ( www.mapwindow.org)  GIS software is designed to capture, manage, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information.  GIS allows us to view, understand, question, What is GIS? interpret, and visualize our world in ways that Help to Understand the reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the World around You form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.  GIS software helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared—on a map!  Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source What is Open code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software Source to anyone and for any purpose. Software?  The term "open source" refers to something that can be modified and shared because its design is publicly accessible.  This outbreak is best known for the physician John Snow's study of the outbreak and his discovery that contaminated water, not air, spread cholera. History: 1854 Broad Street cholera  Snow later used a spot map to illustrate how cases of cholera were outbreak centered on the pump.  He also made a solid use of statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the source of water and cholera cases.  Snow's efforts to connect the incidence of cholera with potential geographic sources. History: 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems  Data Raw facts and observations (just numbers) Data  i.e. Raifall, Temperature, road locations, building footprints vs.  Information Data with context or making sense of the data so it Information is actionable of useful.  i.e. Weather Reports & Traffic Reports  The earth is an oblique sphere.  Map projections are attempts to portray the surface of the earth or a portion of the earth on a flat surface.  Projections are mathematical transformations. Map  Some distortions of conformity, distance, direction, scale, and area always result from this process. Projections  Some projections minimize distortions in some of these properties at the expense of maximizing errors in others.  Some projection are attempts to only moderately distort all of these properties.  Conformity  When the scale of a map at any point on the map is the same in any direction, the projection is conformal. Meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at right angles. Shape is preserved locally on conformal maps.  Distance  A map is equidistant when it portrays distances from the center of the Types of Maps projection to any other place on the map. Projections  Direction  A map preserves direction when azimuths(azimuthal - angles from a point on a line to another point) are portrayed correctly in all directions.  Area  When a map portrays areas over the entire map so that all mapped areas have the same proportional relationship to the areas on the Earth that they represent, the map is an equal-area map. Types of Maps Projections Map Projections on perspective  Wiki In geometry, a coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of a point or other geometric element on the space,  These systems can represent points in two-dimensional or three- dimensional space. Coordinate Systems  When Mapping the earth’s terrain and natural and cultural features, it is important that all mapped objects be accurately located with respect to an accepted geographic frame of reference. Coordinate  This is particularly important when spatial data from multiple Systems sources are being integrated. (Examples??)  If any of the spatial data sets are not accurately defined in an accepted frame of reference, then gaps overlaps and mismatches will occur.  NSRS Coordinate Systems:

 Latitude & Longitude  State Plane Coordinates  UTM Coordinates Coordinate  Earth-Centered Systems  Earth-Fixed  NAD 83  NAD 27  NGVD 29  NAVD 88  PRVD 02  ITRF15 Mixing Coordinate Systems Geographic Information Systems GIS:  GIS is a powerful tool for storing and retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes. Tool Box

Information System  GIS is a system capturing, storing, checking, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to Earth. Approach to Science  Analogy: GISciences is to GIS as Statistics is to Statistical software packages.  A System – a group of connected entities and activities

 An information System – a set of procedures, executed on raw GIS data, to produce information for decision making

 A Geographic Information System- an information system using geographically reference data.  Data  Hardware  Software GIS  Brainware: Components People/Procedures/Plan  Infrastructure: GIS operation Environment  Geography  Cartography  Remote Sensing  Geomatics GIScience:  Engineering Contributing  Geodesy Disiplines  Statistics  Operation Research  Computer Science  Mathematics  Management  Non-Spatial Data  Attributes or information that describes the spatial entity

Basic Elements  Spatial Data: Geographically referenced data  Latitude and Longitude of GIS: Data  X and Y Coordinates  Street Address  Range and township  Location shown on a map  Geographic Location is a key feature of 80-90 all government data. (http://www.fgdc.gov)  Experts estimate that as much of the 80% of the cost associated GIS Data: with a GIS system is related to the development and maintenance Spatial is Special of its spatial data.  Federal Agencies alone are spending $2.5 – 3.00 billion annually on collection and management of geospatial data (National academy of public administration)  Ortho-rectified Aerial photos  Satellite Images  Image Products Examples of  Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) Data  Demographic Data  Physical Features integration  Hydrography  Geology  Etc  Research Field Data Spatial  Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, Assessment or geographic properties  Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take.  Understanding Where Spatial Where are my (X or Y thing) located? Understanding where is about Assessment putting the world in context. This includes geocoding your data, putting it on a map, and symbolizing it in ways that can help you visualize and understand your data.  Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take.  Measuring Size, Shape, and Distribution Spatial How long is the road/river? How tall is the building? How large are the Assessment sugar cane fields? Measuring size and shape shows how large an object is or describes a feature in terms of its area, perimeter, length, height, and volume. It also helps to understand the distribution of multiple features.  Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take.  Determining How Places Are Related Spatial Which rivers or roads are within 10 miles of a pipeline? Have other Assessment crimes occurred at this location? Answering spatial questions often requires an understanding of spatial relationships such as proximity, coincidence, intersection, overlap, visibility, and accessibility.  Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Spatial  Finding the Best Locations and Paths Whether you're looking for the best route to travel, the best corridor Assessment to build a pipeline, or the best location to site a new store, spatial analysis helps you make more informed decisions about the best locations and paths  Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take.  Detecting and Quantifying Patterns Spatial Where are clusters of high expenditures on electronic goods? Where Assessment are the hot spots of cancer deaths? Detecting and quantifying patterns in data can be used to find hot spots and outliers, find natural data clusters, and analyze changes in patterns over time. Spatial Modeling  The term visualization encompasses a broad range of analytic tools and techniques that includes GIS, 3D modeling, and data and Visualization statistical visualizations. The common thread is the underlying desire to organize date into a coherent visual display that can be readily interpreted and understood.  Data visualization is the subset of visualization that involves the graphic display of data too complex for manual processing, and the resultant imagery is typically the end result of an algorthmic process or generated from a large-scale dataset. Prime examples of this type of visualization done through the IDRE-HPC team Visualization include 100K DLA simulation, laser simulation, fluid simulation, and network analysis.  Statistical visualization originates from the statistical analysis of datasets and is supported by the combined forces of IDRE’s Stats Group and GIS,Visualization and Modeling team.  In its simplest form, a raster consists of a matrix of cells (or pixels) organized into rows and columns (or a grid) where each cell GIS Data: contains a value representing information, such as temperature. Raster  Rasters are digital aerial photographs, imagery from satellites, digital pictures, or even scanned maps. Data stored in a raster format represents real-world phenomena:  Thematic data (also known as discrete) represents features such as land-use or soils data. GIS Data  Continuous data represents phenomena such as temperature, elevation, or spectral data such as satellite images and aerial Raster photographs.  Pictures include scanned maps or drawings and building photographs.  Cell values can be either positive or negative, integer, or floating point. Integer values are best used to represent categorical (discrete) data and floating-point values to represent continuous GIS Data surfaces. Raster GIS Data Raster GIS Data Raster GIS Data Raster  Vector is a coordinate-based data model that represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons. Each point feature is represented as a single coordinate pair, while line and polygon features are represented as ordered lists of vertices. Attributes are associated with each vector feature, as opposed to GIS Data a raster data model, which associates attributes with grid cells. Vector GIS Data Vector vs. Raster GIS Data Vector vs. Raster Open Source GIS Solutions  Non-profit non-governmental organization whose mission is to support and promote the collaborative development of open Open Source geospatial technologies and data.  The foundation was formed in February 2006 to provide financial, Geospatial organizational and legal support to the broader Free and open Foundation source geospatial community.  It also serves as an independent legal entity to which community (OSGeo) members can contribute code, funding and other resources, secure in the knowledge that their contributions will be maintained for public benefit. Web Mapping Geospatial Libraries  deegree  FDO  geomajas  GDAL/OGR  GeoMOOSE  GEOS  GeoServer  GeoTools  Mapbender  OSSIM  MapBuilder  PostGIS OSGeo  MapFish Metadata Catalogs  MapGuide Open Source Projects  GeoNetwork  MapServer  pycsw  OpenLayers Desktop Applications Outreach Projects  GRASS GIS  Public Geospatial Data  Marble  Education and Curriculum  QGIS  OSGeo Live  QGIS (previously also known as Quantum GIS) is a free (GNU GPL v2) and open source GIS application  It enable the user to visualize, manage, edit, analyse data, and compose printable maps. It runs on Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, Windows and Android and can be downloaded free of charge from qgis.org QGIS  The major features of QGIS include:  Direct viewing and exploration of spatial data  Advanced symbology (edit rendering styles)  QGIS Browser as a simple and fast data viewer  Support for numerous vector, raster, and database formats  ESRI shapefiles, GeoJSON, KML/KMZ, and GPX  PostGIS, SpatiaLite, MSSQL spatial, WMS  (Create, edit and export spatial data QGIS  Work with nodes, lines and polygons  Convert between different coordinate systems (re-projection) Features  Down/upload directly to a GPS unit  Perform spatial analysis  Find polygon centroids and basic statistics  Distance matrix and line intersections  Publish your map on the internet  An extensible plug-in architecture  Remote control JOSM  Earth is a three-dimensional body, roughly spherical in shape, yet the vast majority of maps are flat (2-dimesional).  QGIS has support for approximately 2,700 known CRS. Some, such QGIS as WGS-84 are global projections, whereas others represent only Coordinate specific regions.  QGIS can be used to convert between CRS. Open the input layer Systems making sure to select the correct CRS as described above. Use Layer->Save As... to export the layer with a different CRS (you may choice between the "Project" CRS or select a CRS from QGIS's extensive list).  MapWindow GIS is an open source GIS (mapping) application and set of programmable mapping components.  It has been adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as the primary GIS platform for its BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint MAPWindow Sources) watershed analysis and modeling software.  MapWindow includes standard GIS data visualization features as: Features  DBF attribute table editing  shapefile editing  Data converters  Dozens of standard GIS formats are supported, including: Shapefiles, GeoTIFF, ESRI ArcInfo ASCII and binary grids  GRASS GIS – Originally developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: a complete GIS.  gvSIG – Written in Java. Runs on Linux, Unix, Mac OS X and Windows.  ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) – Integrates image, vector and thematic data.  JUMP GIS / OpenJUMP ((Open) Java Unified Mapping Platform) – The desktop GISs OpenJUMP, SkyJUMP, deeJUMP and Kosmo all emerged Other from JUMP.[3] Software's  MapWindow GIS – Free desktop application and programming component. (Open Source)  QGIS (previously known as Quantum GIS) – Runs on Linux, Unix, Mac OS X and Windows.  SAGA GIS (System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis) –- A hybrid GIS software. Has a unique Application Programming Interface (API) and a fast-growing set of geoscientific methods, bundled in exchangeable Module Libraries.  uDig – API and source code (Java) available. QGIS

Other Software's (Open Source) GRASS GIS

Other Software's (Open Source) SagaGIS

Other Software's (Open Source) MapWindow

Other Software's (Open Source) Computational Time QGIS, Mapwindow & ArcGIS Online  Ejercicio 1: Descargar y abrir datos en QGIS, editar y digitalizar una nueva carretera  Fuente de datos: Si tienes acceso a internet puedes hacer este Exercise # 1 ejercicio desde cero sin tener datos ninguno, descargando todo por Internet.  Ejercicio 2: Convertir de texto a puntos elementos de infraestructura vial  Este ejercicio consiste en “plotear” unos puntos tomados en el Exercise # 2 campo a partir de un archivo de texto. Estos corresponden a un sistema de alcantarillado pluvial. Luego editaremos la base de datos y digitalizaremos una tubería conectando así los sistemas. Finalmente haremos un mapa.  Ejercicio 3: Delineación automática de cuencas hidrográficas  El ejercicio consiste en delinear las cuencas hidrográficas de una zona con el fin de calcular variables hidrológicas para estudios Exercise # 3 H&H para mitigación de inundaciones en carreteras o para estructuras hidráulicas en carreteras (puentes, tajeas, tubos, otros).  Ejercicio 4: Publicar y compartir mis datos (demo)  Este ejercicio consiste en una demostración de cómo podemos Exercise # 4 compartir nuestros datos con clientes o personas que no tengan la herramienta de GIS. Usaremos GoogleEarth y el App ArcExplorer de ArcGIS.  Ejercicio 5: Estimación de pérdidas de carreteras dentro de una zona de peligro Exercise #5  Este ejercicio busca calcular los pies lineales de carreteras que se encuentran dentro de la zona de riesgo y que pudieran verse afectadas en caso de un tsunami en Mayagüez.