DOCSLIB.ORG

Open Source GIS: Geospatial Solutions in Transportation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Open Source GIS: Geospatial Solutions in Transportation Centro de Transferencia de Tecnología en Transportación Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura UPR-Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez Call Box 9000 * Mayagüez, PR 00681 Te l. 7 8 7 -834-6385 * Fax: 787-265-5695 * www.uprm.edu/prt2 29 Años de Excelencia en el Adiestramiento de Oficiales de Transportación a Nivel Municipal, Estatal, y Federal en Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes Instructor Dr. Jonathan Muñoz Barreto Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura UPR – Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez 17 de noviembre de 2015 Open Source GIS: Geospatial Solutions in Transportation INSTRUCTOR’s: Dr. Jonathan Muñoz-Barreto Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying Engineering University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Sr. Roy Ruiz-Vélez Puerto Rico Seismic Network Tuesday, November 17, 2015 University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez No puede impedirse el viento. Pero Liberal Arts pueden construirse molinos. Education Proverbio holandés Earth’s Population by Latitude and Longitude Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Global Internet Usage Based on Time of Day Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) World Map of Vegetation on Earth Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Overall Water Risk Around the World Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Open Source Geographic Information Systems (Quantum GIS, Map Window, ArcGIS Online) Objectives Procedures for the management of geospatial data (transportation applications) Basic Concepts of GIS with focus on Open Source Solutions Acquisition of geospatial data (vector and raster) Government databases Working Items Applications in transportation Delineation and identification of road infrastructure. Online Geo Data as an option to share information between agencies. Delineation of watersheds and networks for flood mitigation Morning Session: Review and Fundamental Concepts Agenda Afternoon Session: Practice and Computational Time Required Software: QGIS (www.qgis.com) Housekeeping Mapwindow ( www.mapwindow.org) GIS software is designed to capture, manage, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view, understand, question, What is GIS? interpret, and visualize our world in ways that Help to Understand the reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the World around You form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. GIS software helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared—on a map! Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source What is Open code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software Source to anyone and for any purpose. Software? The term "open source" refers to something that can be modified and shared because its design is publicly accessible. This outbreak is best known for the physician John Snow's study of the outbreak and his discovery that contaminated water, not air, spread cholera. History: 1854 Broad Street cholera Snow later used a spot map to illustrate how cases of cholera were outbreak centered on the pump. He also made a solid use of statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the source of water and cholera cases. Snow's efforts to connect the incidence of cholera with potential geographic sources. History: 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems Data Raw facts and observations (just numbers) Data i.e. Raifall, Temperature, road locations, building footprints vs. Information Data with context or making sense of the data so it Information is actionable of useful. i.e. Weather Reports & Traffic Reports The earth is an oblique sphere. Map projections are attempts to portray the surface of the earth or a portion of the earth on a flat surface. Projections are mathematical transformations. Map Some distortions of conformity, distance, direction, scale, and area always result from this process. Projections Some projections minimize distortions in some of these properties at the expense of maximizing errors in others. Some projection are attempts to only moderately distort all of these properties. Conformity When the scale of a map at any point on the map is the same in any direction, the projection is conformal. Meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at right angles. Shape is preserved locally on conformal maps. Distance A map is equidistant when it portrays distances from the center of the Types of Maps projection to any other place on the map. Projections Direction A map preserves direction when azimuths(azimuthal - angles from a point on a line to another point) are portrayed correctly in all directions. Area When a map portrays areas over the entire map so that all mapped areas have the same proportional relationship to the areas on the Earth that they represent, the map is an equal-area map. Types of Maps Projections Map Projections on perspective Wiki In geometry, a coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of a point or other geometric element on the space, These systems can represent points in two-dimensional or three- dimensional space. Coordinate Systems When Mapping the earth’s terrain and natural and cultural features, it is important that all mapped objects be accurately located with respect to an accepted geographic frame of reference. Coordinate This is particularly important when spatial data from multiple Systems sources are being integrated. (Examples??) If any of the spatial data sets are not accurately defined in an accepted frame of reference, then gaps overlaps and mismatches will occur. NSRS Coordinate Systems: Latitude & Longitude State Plane Coordinates UTM Coordinates Coordinate Earth-Centered Systems Earth-Fixed NAD 83 NAD 27 NGVD 29 NAVD 88 PRVD 02 ITRF15 Mixing Coordinate Systems Geographic Information Systems GIS: GIS is a powerful tool for storing and retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes. Tool Box Information System GIS is a system capturing, storing, checking, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to Earth. Approach to Science Analogy: GISciences is to GIS as Statistics is to Statistical software packages. A System – a group of connected entities and activities An information System – a set of procedures, executed on raw GIS data, to produce information for decision making A Geographic Information System- an information system using geographically reference data. Data Hardware Software GIS Brainware: Components People/Procedures/Plan Infrastructure: GIS operation Environment Geography Cartography Remote Sensing Geomatics GIScience: Engineering Contributing Geodesy Disiplines Statistics Operation Research Computer Science Mathematics Management Non-Spatial Data Attributes or information that describes the spatial entity Basic Elements Spatial Data: Geographically referenced data Latitude and Longitude of GIS: Data X and Y Coordinates Street Address Range and township Location shown on a map Geographic Location is a key feature of 80-90 all government data. (http://www.fgdc.gov) Experts estimate that as much of the 80% of the cost associated GIS Data: with a GIS system is related to the development and maintenance Spatial is Special of its spatial data. Federal Agencies alone are spending $2.5 – 3.00 billion annually on collection and management of geospatial data (National academy of public administration) Ortho-rectified Aerial photos Satellite Images Image Products Examples of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) Data Demographic Data Physical Features integration Hydrography Geology Etc Research Field Data Spatial Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, Assessment or geographic properties Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Understanding Where Spatial Where are my (X or Y thing) located? Understanding where is about Assessment putting the world in context. This includes geocoding your data, putting it on a map, and symbolizing it in ways that can help you visualize and understand your data. Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Measuring Size, Shape, and Distribution Spatial How long is the road/river? How tall is the building? How large are the Assessment sugar cane fields? Measuring size and shape shows how large an object is or describes a feature in terms of its area, perimeter, length, height, and volume. It also helps to understand the distribution of multiple features. Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Determining How Places Are Related Spatial Which rivers or roads are within 10 miles of a pipeline? Have other Assessment crimes occurred at this location? Answering spatial questions often requires an understanding of spatial relationships such as proximity, coincidence, intersection, overlap, visibility, and accessibility. Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pyqgis Developer Cookbook Release 2.18
    PyQGIS developer cookbook Release 2.18 QGIS Project April 08, 2019 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Run Python code when QGIS starts.................................1 1.2 Python Console............................................2 1.3 Python Plugins............................................3 1.4 Python Applications.........................................3 2 Loading Projects 7 3 Loading Layers 9 3.1 Vector Layers.............................................9 3.2 Raster Layers............................................. 11 3.3 Map Layer Registry......................................... 11 4 Using Raster Layers 13 4.1 Layer Details............................................. 13 4.2 Renderer............................................... 13 4.3 Refreshing Layers.......................................... 15 4.4 Query Values............................................. 15 5 Using Vector Layers 17 5.1 Retrieving information about attributes............................... 17 5.2 Selecting features........................................... 18 5.3 Iterating over Vector Layer...................................... 18 5.4 Modifying Vector Layers....................................... 20 5.5 Modifying Vector Layers with an Editing Buffer.......................... 22 5.6 Using Spatial Index......................................... 23 5.7 Writing Vector Layers........................................ 23 5.8 Memory Provider........................................... 24 5.9 Appearance (Symbology) of Vector Layers............................. 26 5.10 Further
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Paper on Spatial Data Infrastructure Standards
    Integrated Spatial Planning Toolkit Module X: Technical Paper on Spatial Data Infrastructure Standards Draft October 28 2009 - for circulation and comment Prepared by: Dr Melissa Burgess Integrated Spatial Planning and Communications Specialist United Nations Development Programme Regional Center Bangkok Email: [email protected] Background: The United Nations Development Program - Regional Centre in Bangkok (UNDP-RCB) is managing a project funded by the Government of Japan titled “Better Informed Environmental Decision Making through Integrated Spatial Planning”, which is under implementation in the Asia-Pacific Region. A Toolkit designed to assist governments develop their capacity for Integrated Spatial Planning is being developed as part of this project. This document comprises the first draft of Module X of this Integrated Spatial Planning Toolkit, on Spatial Data Infrastructure Standards. Integrated Spatial Planning Toolkit Module X: Spatial Data Infrastructure Standards Page 1 Technical Paper on Spatial Data Introduction Spatial Data Infrastructure standards Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) comprise of those policies, organisational remits, data, technologies, standards, delivery mechanisms, and financial and human resources necessary to ensure that users of spatial data are supported in meeting their objectives by improving capacity for geographic information exchanges, harmonization and integration. SDI Standards describe objects, features and items that are collected, automated or affected by the activities or the functions of organisations. The development, publication and acceptance of data standards are important goals of an integrated information management solution. Such standards are essential for all users and producers of data and information. They are particularly important in any co-management, co-maintenance or partnership arrangements where data and information need to be shared or aggregated.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatialist Documentation
    spatialist Documentation John Truckenbrodt, Felix Cremer, Ismail Baris Jul 17, 2020 Contents 1 Installation 1 1.1 Installation of dependencies.......................................1 1.2 Installation of spatialist..........................................2 2 API Documentation 3 2.1 Raster Class...............................................3 2.2 Raster Tools...............................................8 2.3 Vector Class............................................... 12 2.4 Vector Tools............................................... 16 2.5 General Spatial Tools........................................... 18 2.6 Database Tools.............................................. 21 2.7 Ancillary Functions........................................... 21 2.8 ENVI HDR file manipulation...................................... 24 2.9 Data Exploration............................................. 25 3 Some general examples 27 3.1 in-memory vector object rasterization.................................. 27 4 Changelog 29 4.1 v0.4.................................................... 29 4.2 v0.5.................................................... 29 4.3 v0.6.................................................... 30 5 Indices and tables 31 Python Module Index 33 Index 35 i ii CHAPTER 1 Installation The most convenient way to install spatialist is by using conda: conda install --channel conda-forge spatialist See below for more detailed Linux installation instructions outside of the Anaconda framework. 1.1 Installation of dependencies 1.1.1 GDAL spatialist requires
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of GIS Applications Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Climate Change Hazards
    Overview of GIS applications risk assessment and risk management of climate change hazards Fact irrigated lands Planed irrigated lands Watershed Water bodies Settlements River Soil types Overview of GIS applications risk assessment and risk management of climate change hazards © 2010 PREPARED The European Commission is funding the Collaborative project ‘PREPARED Enabling Change’ (PREPARED, project number 244232) within the context of the Seventh Framework Programme 'Environment'.All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or published, in any form or in any way, electronically, mechanically, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission from the publisher COLOPHON Title Overview of GIS applications, risk assessment and risk management of climate change hazards Report number Prepared 2011.015 Deliverable number D2.5.1 Author(s) Ielizaveta Dunaieva (Crimean Scientific and Research Center) Victor Popovych (Crimean Scientific and Research Center) Elisa Traverso (Iren Acqua Gas) Quality Assurance Patrick Smeets (KWR Watercycle Research Institute) Document history Version Team member Status Date update Comments 01 Ielizaveta Dunaieva Draft 27-08-2010 Chapters 1-4, 6 02 Ielizaveta Dunaieva Draft 24-06-2011 Applications from cities Simferopol and Genoa added 03 Patrick Smeets Final 03-08-2011 QA by WA leader This report is: PU = Public Summary The first step to prepare for climate change effects on the water cycle is a risk assessment for the observed system to be prepared and, if it is necessary, protected. Risk assessment (RA) means the determination of qualitative and quantitative value of risks, related to a certain situation and the recognized hazards.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Data Management for Disaster Risk Management
    Collecting, creating and analysing spatial data for Disaster Risk Assessments: the issues and pitfalls Maryna Strydom (GIS Tg SA) Tel: (011) 441 6163 [email protected] Overview Spatial data types, representation and formats X and Y axes, and offsets Projections Data management principles Metadata Data analyses Storage/Curation of data “… data is every scientist’s second priority. When scientists are evaluated … their efforts in curating, managing and quality assurance of data sets that future generations of researchers can use are not taken into account … .” Dr J-B Minster, Chair: ICSU World Data Center System. Collecting and analysing spatial data during Disaster Risk Assessments is generally seen as a relatively easy one where data is collected and thereafter most of the actual project work revolves around the analysis of the data and modeling the risks… However, the time and effort that it takes to get the spatial data into a usable format and eventually give it back to the end-users in a way that they would be able to utilize it effectively in future exercises/projects, is generally underestimated… Spatial Data types Notable commercial or proprietary GIS software CAD / GIS (vector/raster): Autodesk – MapGuide and AutoCAD . Intergraph – photogrammetry . ERDAS IMAGINE – Remote Sensing , and Photogrammetry by Leica Geosystems Geospatial Imaging. ESRI – ArcView 3.x , ArcGIS , ArcSDE , ArcIMS , ArcServer, ArcPad (for GPS). IDRISI – imagery/remote sensing by Clark Labs. MapInfo – MapInfo Professional . MapPoint – by Microsoft. Caliper –Maptitude , TransCAD and TransModeler . GIS for transportation. Pictometry – allows oblique images to be draped with shapefiles. Black Coral Inc —geospatial collaboration capabilities that enable better outcomes for personnel and tactical teams operating in emergency response and military environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Geoserver, the Open Source Server for Interoperable Spatial Data Handling
    GeoServer, the open source server for interoperable spatial data handling Ing. Simone Giannecchini, GeoSolutions Ing. Andrea Aime, GeoSolutions Outline Who is GeoSolutions? Quick intro to GeoServer What’s new in the 2.2.x series What’s new in the 2.3.x series What’s cooking for the 2.4.x series GeoSolutions Founded in Italy in late 2006 Expertise • Image Processing, GeoSpatial Data Fusion • Java, Java Enterprise, C++, Python • JPEG2000, JPIP, Advanced 2D visualization Supporting/Developing FOSS4G projects GeoTools, GeoServer GeoNetwork, GeoBatch, MapStore ImageIO-Ext and more: https://github.com/geosolutions-it Focus on Consultancy PAs, NGOs, private companies, etc… GeoServer quick intro GeoServer GeoSpatial enterprise gateway − Java Enterprise − Management and Dissemination of raster and vector data Standards compliant − OGC WCS 1.0, 1.1.1 (RI), 2.0 in the pipeline − OGC WFS 1.0, 1.1 (RI), 2.0 − OGC WMS 1.1.1, 1.3 − OGC WPS 1.0.0 Google Earth/Maps support − KML, GeoSearch, etc.. ---------- -------------------- PNG, GIF ------------------- Shapefile ------------------- WMS JPEG ---------- 1.1.1 TIFF, 1.3.0 Vector files GeoTIFF PostGIS SVG, PDF Oracle Styled KML/KMZ H2 Google maps DB2 SQL Server Shapefile MySql WFS GML2 Spatialite 1.0, 1.1, GML3 GeoCouch DBMS GeoRSS 2.0 Raw vector data GeoJSON CSV/XLS ArcSDE WPS WFS 1.0.0 GeoServer GeoServer GeoTIFF Servers WCS ArcGrid GeoTIFF 1.0,1.1.1 GTopo30 WMS 2.0.1 Raw raster Img+World ArcGrid data GTopo30 GWC Formats and Protocols and Formats Img+world (WMTS, KML superoverlays Mosaic Raster files TMS, Google maps tiles MrSID WMS-C) OGC tiles JPEG 2000 ECW,Pyramid, Oracle GeoRaster, PostGis Raster OSGEO tiles Administration GUI RESTful Configuration Programmatic configuration of layers via REST calls − Workspaces, Data stores / coverage stores − Layers and Styles, Service configurations − Freemarker templates (incoming) Exposing internal configuration to remote clients − Ajax - JavaScript friendly Various client libraries available in different languages (Java, Python, Ruby, …).
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Data Studio Ltom.02.011 Interoperabilty & Webgis
    SPATIAL DATA STUDIO LTOM.02.011 INTEROPERABILTY & WEBGIS Alexander Kmoch DATA INTEROPERABILITY • Introduction & Motivation • Service Orientied Architecture • Spatial Data Infrastructure • Open Geospatial Consortium INTRODUCTION & MOTIVATION ● Spatial Information and its role in taking informed decision making ● Spatial data transfer ● Web services ● Open GIS vs. Open Source The Network is the Computer (* (* John Gage, 1984 SPATIAL INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGIES SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER: FROM CLASSIC PAPER MAPS TO WEB SERVICES Web Services Online download (FTP) Offline copy (CD/DVD) Print Copy (paper maps) Source: Fu and Sun, 2011 WEB SERVICES ● “A Web Service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network” (W3C, 2004) ● Interface to application functionality accessible through a network ● Intermediary between data/applications and users WEB SERVICES FUNCTIONALITY Web Client File data Send Request Desktop Client Send response Mobile Client geodatabase FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE GEOSPATIAL WEB SERVICES ● Map services: display an image of the spatial data, but not the raw data ● Data services: ● Editing services: create, retrieve, update and delete the geo-data online; e.g. OSM mapping capabilities ● Search services: INSPIRE Geoportal ● Analytical services ● Geocoding services: transforming the addresses into X,Y coordinates ● Network analysis services: e.g. finding the shortest path/route between two locations: A and B ● Geoprocessing services: mapping the crime hotspots using a GIS tool that
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Openjump
    http://tsusiatsoftware.net/jts/javadoc/index.html What is OpenJUMP Download OpenJUMP facts sheet "JUMP is a computer program that uses a unified mapping platform as a visualisation framework..." (changed ESRI keynote on What is GIS? by M. Bobzien) But to be a bit more serious - OpenJUMP is an open source GIS software written in Java and it is based on JUMP GIS by Vivid Solutions. Furthermore... It is a Vector GIS that can read rasters as well . OpenJUMP is known to work on Windows, Linux and Mac platforms, but should work on any operating system that runs Java 1.5 or later. It is not just another free demo viewer, but you can edit, save, analyze etc. with JUMP / OpenJUMP . It works, even with medium size datasets, and with professional touch . It provides a GIS API with a flexible plugin structure, so that new features are relatively easy to develope around the sound mapping platform. It utilizes OGC standards like SFS, GML, WMS and WFS . It is already translated in English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portugese and Spanish. The translation in other languages is in progress. ..and it is free (under the GPL license). OpenJUMP finally adds some key enhancements to the original JUMP software, including: . I18N (internationalization), . more drawing and geometry editing tools, . advanced attribute query, . enhanced set of selection tools, . image export in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format, . function to copy objects including attributes, . it can show layers dependent on the current map scale, . more classification methods for thematic coloring . ... OpenJUMP is the result of a larger umbrella project called the JUMP Pilot Project (JPP).
    [Show full text]
  • Fonafifo Geographic Information System Needs Assessment
    FONAFIFO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM NEEDS ASSESSMENT Submitted by: Richard J. Kotapish, GISP GISCorps Volunteer July 4, 2017 [Type here] TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Description Page Section 1: Introduction 3 Section 2: Existing Conditions Introduction and history 6 Software 7 Hardware 10 Network 13 GIS Data and GAP Analysis 14 Section 3: Department of Monitoring and Control Workflows Introduction 16 FONAFIFO PSA Workflows 16 Key Documents and Processes 17 Section 4: System Architecture / Technology Options Introduction 23 GIS Software Infrastructure: 23 Open Source, Esri and Cloud-based Considerations - GIS Software and Analysis Tools 26 Hardware Options 29 Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS, UAV, Drones) 31 Remote Sensing 34 Metadata 34 Section 5: Costs, Benefits & Recommendations Introduction 36 Esri based solutions 36 Open Source GIS software 41 Mobile hardware solutions 42 Servers 42 UAS solutions 43 Shifted PSA Parcel Polygons 43 General Observations 45 Section 6: Next Steps Introduction 46 Task Series 46 Appendix “A” - Prioritized GIS Layers 49 Appendix “B” - Hardware Specifications 50 List of Figures Figure 1 - Existing FONAFIFO Operational Environment 14 Figure 2 - Simplified Geospatial Data Diagram 17 Figure 3 – PSA Application Workflow 19 Figure 4 – PSA Approval Process Workflow 19 Figure 5 - FONAFIFO Functional Environment 22 2 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION This GIS Needs Assessment Report is respectfully offered to the National Government of Costa Rica. This report provides various recommendations regarding the current and future use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies within the National Forestry Financing Fund (FONAFIFO). This GIS Needs Assessment Report is intended for your use in exploring new strategic directions for your GIS program.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution Et Ressources Des Logiciels SIG Libres
    Evolution et ressources des logiciels SIG libres Veille Technologique 2009 Fabrice Dubertret Raphaël Loué Chloé Romier 2 Introduction Qu’est-ce qu’un logiciel SIG Open-Source? • Un système d'information géographique (SIG) est un système d'information capable d'organiser et de présenter des données alphanumériques spatialement référencées, ainsi que de produire des plans et des cartes • La désignation Open Source, "source ouverte" en français ou code source libre, s'applique aux logiciels dont la licence respecte des critères précisément établis par l'Open Source Initiative, c'est-à-dire la possibilité de libre redistribution, d'accès au code source, et de travaux dérivés • Intérêt économique, fonctionnel et évolutif 3 Sommaire I Fonctionnement général des logiciels SIG Open-Source 1 Projets et standards – OGC 2 Développement, financement 3 Compatibilité et longévité II Présentation de quelques logiciels 1 OpenJUMP 2 gvSIG 3 uDig 4 GRASS et QGIS III Ressources 1 Forums 2 Didacticiels / Tutoriels Conclusion 4 1 _ Projets et standards - OGC 2 _ Développement, financement 3 _ Compatibilité et longévité 5 Généralités L’Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) • Consortium international fondé en 1994 pour développer et promouvoir des standards ouverts (spécifications OpenGIS®) garantir l'interopérabilité des contenus, des services et des échanges favoriser la coopération entre développeurs, fournisseurs et utilisateurs basé sur le principe du consensus volontaire • Recommandations faites et normes: WMS (Web Map Service), WFS (Web Feature Service), SFS (Simple Features – SQL), etc. 6 Généralités Développement et financement • L’aide initiale Développement d’un code fonctionnel Aide souvent gouvernementale GRASS (US Army Corps of Engineers) MapServer (NASA & Minnesota DNR), etc.
    [Show full text]
  • STANDARD SOFTWARE for GIS (Unit: II) Semester: II Paper Code: GIS 09 Name of Paper: Advanced Remote Sensing & GIS PG Diploma in RS & GIS Dr
    STANDARD SOFTWARE FOR GIS (Unit: II) Semester: II Paper Code: GIS 09 Name of Paper: Advanced Remote Sensing & GIS PG Diploma in RS & GIS Dr. SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJEE UNIVERSITY, RANCHI STANDARD SOFTWARE FOR GIS Software that is used to create, manage, analyze and visualize geographic data is usually incorporated under the umbrella term ‘GIS software’ (Steiniger & Weibel, 2009). Typical applications for GIS software include the evaluation of places for the location of new stores, the management of power and gas lines, the creation of maps, the analysis of past crimes for crime prevention, route calculations for transport tasks, the management of forests, parks and infrastructure, such as roads and water ways, as well as applications in risk analysis of natural hazards, and emergency planning and response. For this multitude of applications different types of GIS functions are required and different categories of GIS software exist, which provide a particular set of functions needed to fulfil certain data management tasks. Different functional categories of GIS software can be identified with respect to the tool sets that GIS software offers, and with respect to the tasks that can be accomplished. Such tasks involve basic activities that are common to daily computer usage such as (1) data visualization and exploration, (2) data creation, (3) data editing and (4) data storage. Other common GIS tasks include (5) data conflation, i.e., integration of data from different sources (Blasby, Davis, & Kim, 2002), (6) data queries to select a subset of the data, (7) data analysis, which we consider to be the creation of new information (output) from existing data (input), (8) data transformation, as some analysis tasks require the user to transform, or manipulate, the data beforehand (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Comparison of Spatial Indexing Structures For
    PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SPATIAL INDEXING STRUCTURES FOR DIFFERENT QUERY TYPES by NEELABH PANT Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2015 Copyright © by Neelabh Pant 2015 All Rights Reserved ii To my father, mother and sister whose support and love have helped me all along. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor and mentor Dr. Ramez Elmasri without whom this thesis wouldn’t have ever got completed. His guidance and constant support have helped me to understand the Spatial Database and various indexing techniques in depth. I also thank Dr. Leonidas Fegaras and Dr. Bahram Khalili for their interest in my research and taking time to serve on my dissertation committee. I would also like to extend my appreciation to the Computer Science and Engineering Department to support me financially in my Master’s program. I would like to thank all the teachers who taught me at the University of Texas at Arlington including Mr. Saravanan Thirumuruganathan for believing in me and for encouraging me to pursue higher education. I would also like to thank Dr. Kulsawasd Jitkajornwanich for his support and encouragement. I extend my gratitude to all my research mates including Mr. Mohammadhani Fouladgar, Mr. Vivek Sharma, Mr. Surya Swaminathan and everyone else whose support, encouragement and motivation helped me to complete my goals. Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my father and mother who have inspired and motivated me all the times to achieve my goals.
    [Show full text]