Centro de Transferencia de Tecnología en Transportación Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura UPR-Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez Call Box 9000 * Mayagüez, PR 00681 Te l. 7 8 7 -834-6385 * Fax: 787-265-5695 * www.uprm.edu/prt2 29 Años de Excelencia en el Adiestramiento de Oficiales de Transportación a Nivel Municipal, Estatal, y Federal en Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes Instructor Dr. Jonathan Muñoz Barreto Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura UPR – Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez 17 de noviembre de 2015 Open Source GIS: Geospatial Solutions in Transportation INSTRUCTOR’s: Dr. Jonathan Muñoz-Barreto Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying Engineering University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Sr. Roy Ruiz-Vélez Puerto Rico Seismic Network Tuesday, November 17, 2015 University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez No puede impedirse el viento. Pero Liberal Arts pueden construirse molinos. Education Proverbio holandés Earth’s Population by Latitude and Longitude Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Global Internet Usage Based on Time of Day Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) World Map of Vegetation on Earth Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Overall Water Risk Around the World Liberal Arts Education (Information at Glance) Open Source Geographic Information Systems (Quantum GIS, Map Window, ArcGIS Online) Objectives Procedures for the management of geospatial data (transportation applications) Basic Concepts of GIS with focus on Open Source Solutions Acquisition of geospatial data (vector and raster) Government databases Working Items Applications in transportation Delineation and identification of road infrastructure. Online Geo Data as an option to share information between agencies. Delineation of watersheds and networks for flood mitigation Morning Session: Review and Fundamental Concepts Agenda Afternoon Session: Practice and Computational Time Required Software: QGIS (www.qgis.com) Housekeeping Mapwindow ( www.mapwindow.org) GIS software is designed to capture, manage, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view, understand, question, What is GIS? interpret, and visualize our world in ways that Help to Understand the reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the World around You form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. GIS software helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared—on a map! Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source What is Open code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software Source to anyone and for any purpose. Software? The term "open source" refers to something that can be modified and shared because its design is publicly accessible. This outbreak is best known for the physician John Snow's study of the outbreak and his discovery that contaminated water, not air, spread cholera. History: 1854 Broad Street cholera Snow later used a spot map to illustrate how cases of cholera were outbreak centered on the pump. He also made a solid use of statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the source of water and cholera cases. Snow's efforts to connect the incidence of cholera with potential geographic sources. History: 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems Data Raw facts and observations (just numbers) Data i.e. Raifall, Temperature, road locations, building footprints vs. Information Data with context or making sense of the data so it Information is actionable of useful. i.e. Weather Reports & Traffic Reports The earth is an oblique sphere. Map projections are attempts to portray the surface of the earth or a portion of the earth on a flat surface. Projections are mathematical transformations. Map Some distortions of conformity, distance, direction, scale, and area always result from this process. Projections Some projections minimize distortions in some of these properties at the expense of maximizing errors in others. Some projection are attempts to only moderately distort all of these properties. Conformity When the scale of a map at any point on the map is the same in any direction, the projection is conformal. Meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at right angles. Shape is preserved locally on conformal maps. Distance A map is equidistant when it portrays distances from the center of the Types of Maps projection to any other place on the map. Projections Direction A map preserves direction when azimuths(azimuthal - angles from a point on a line to another point) are portrayed correctly in all directions. Area When a map portrays areas over the entire map so that all mapped areas have the same proportional relationship to the areas on the Earth that they represent, the map is an equal-area map. Types of Maps Projections Map Projections on perspective Wiki In geometry, a coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of a point or other geometric element on the space, These systems can represent points in two-dimensional or three- dimensional space. Coordinate Systems When Mapping the earth’s terrain and natural and cultural features, it is important that all mapped objects be accurately located with respect to an accepted geographic frame of reference. Coordinate This is particularly important when spatial data from multiple Systems sources are being integrated. (Examples??) If any of the spatial data sets are not accurately defined in an accepted frame of reference, then gaps overlaps and mismatches will occur. NSRS Coordinate Systems: Latitude & Longitude State Plane Coordinates UTM Coordinates Coordinate Earth-Centered Systems Earth-Fixed NAD 83 NAD 27 NGVD 29 NAVD 88 PRVD 02 ITRF15 Mixing Coordinate Systems Geographic Information Systems GIS: GIS is a powerful tool for storing and retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes. Tool Box Information System GIS is a system capturing, storing, checking, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to Earth. Approach to Science Analogy: GISciences is to GIS as Statistics is to Statistical software packages. A System – a group of connected entities and activities An information System – a set of procedures, executed on raw GIS data, to produce information for decision making A Geographic Information System- an information system using geographically reference data. Data Hardware Software GIS Brainware: Components People/Procedures/Plan Infrastructure: GIS operation Environment Geography Cartography Remote Sensing Geomatics GIScience: Engineering Contributing Geodesy Disiplines Statistics Operation Research Computer Science Mathematics Management Non-Spatial Data Attributes or information that describes the spatial entity Basic Elements Spatial Data: Geographically referenced data Latitude and Longitude of GIS: Data X and Y Coordinates Street Address Range and township Location shown on a map Geographic Location is a key feature of 80-90 all government data. (http://www.fgdc.gov) Experts estimate that as much of the 80% of the cost associated GIS Data: with a GIS system is related to the development and maintenance Spatial is Special of its spatial data. Federal Agencies alone are spending $2.5 – 3.00 billion annually on collection and management of geospatial data (National academy of public administration) Ortho-rectified Aerial photos Satellite Images Image Products Examples of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) Data Demographic Data Physical Features integration Hydrography Geology Etc Research Field Data Spatial Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, Assessment or geographic properties Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Understanding Where Spatial Where are my (X or Y thing) located? Understanding where is about Assessment putting the world in context. This includes geocoding your data, putting it on a map, and symbolizing it in ways that can help you visualize and understand your data. Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Measuring Size, Shape, and Distribution Spatial How long is the road/river? How tall is the building? How large are the Assessment sugar cane fields? Measuring size and shape shows how large an object is or describes a feature in terms of its area, perimeter, length, height, and volume. It also helps to understand the distribution of multiple features. Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how they relate, what it all means, and what actions to take. Determining How Places Are Related Spatial Which rivers or roads are within 10 miles of a pipeline? Have other Assessment crimes occurred at this location? Answering spatial questions often requires an understanding of spatial relationships such as proximity, coincidence, intersection, overlap, visibility, and accessibility. Spatial analysis is how we understand our world—mapping where things are, how