NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, WASHINGTON, DC HIGH SCHOOL EDITION VOLUME 2, NO. 4, FALL 2003 High School

 Teacher’s Edition

Fellow educators: The Patriot Papers was the george washington developed as a vehicle for enrichment in the PATRIOT n.PatriotPapers [Fr patriote < LL. patriota, fellow countryman < Gr patriotes < patris, fatherland

“George Washington: A National Treasure” is organized by the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, and made possible through the generosity of the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation.  Historical analysis and interpretation

 Historical research

About the Artist Making Connections Related national standards in language arts Gilbert Stuart was born on December 3, 1755, Imagine you are an actor who portrays a his- in Saunderstown, Rhode Island. He began to torical figure. Who would you be? How could you  Reading for perspective

study painting in his early teenage years, talk, dress, and behave to be like this person?  Reading for understanding while traveling around Europe. After paint- Create this character.  Applying knowledge ing the Lansdowne portrait, Stuart painted Presidents John Adams, ,  Evaluating data James Madison, and James Monroe. His most  Developing research skills famous portrait of Washington is recognizable  Developing writing skills today on the one-dollar bill and on postage stamps. Writing to Learn

Students spend numerous hours learning to page 2 the patriot papers write, and we usually depend on the English a blast from the past teachers to instruct them. We forget that stu- dents can also write to learn. The very act of Washington Wins Election Washington Unanimous Pick Whiskey Rebellion thinking an idea through in order to put it on to House from Fort for President at Convention! Shakes Pennsylvania paper leads to clarification of that idea. And as Cumberland! NEW YORK, 1789 (AP)—After many months of , 1794—Western Pennsylvanians have students write, more ideas emerge, questions debate to establish our new American government, the turned their resentment over recent taxes on whiskey into a FREDERICKSBURG, 1758—George Washington, son first official election was held on February 4, 1789. violent opposition. They are launching the first major civil find answers, and confusion finds clarity as of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington, has been elected George Washington has received all 69 electoral votes! disturbance of President Washington’s term in office. Last words take shape and form. We need not always to the Virginia House of Burgesses while serving with the Washington, who will be inaugurated on April 30 of this week, U.S. Marshal David Lenox met with resistance in British regulars at Fort Cumberland. Although urged by year, accepted his new office, despite his overwhelming Westmoreland County while trying to collect taxes on local- know the ending or the answer when we begin to friends to return to the colony of Virginia and “show his face,” desire to return to his estate at Mount Vernon: “I was ly distilled liquor. Military action will be taken, much to the Washington opted to remain with his men and was successful summoned by my country . . . from a retreat which I regret of the President: “I have accordingly determined to write. The journey will often reveal it. in winning a seat in the House from Frederick County. had chosen with the fondest predilection, and . . . with do so, feeling the deepest regret for the occasion, but withal, The activities suggested in Writing to Learn an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining the most solemn conviction, that the essential interests of years.” Washington and his wife Martha will move to the the Union demand it.” The army is being organized from are intended for student exploration, to let country’s capital, . other northern states, and it will advance into Pennsylvania General Washington Rallies shortly. students meander through inspirations, argu- Troops at Valley Forge ments, and ideas until they make meaning of VALLEY FORGE, 1777–1778—General Washington their own. Initially, don’t worry too much about struggles to keep his troops alive and well in Valley Forge, Washington Graciously Delays Wanted Immediately Pennsylvania, this winter. Inadequate shipments of food, A PERSON to attend in a Store who will form, structure, spelling, and grammar; it’s only clothing, and supplies have left the regiments in shambles; Retirement for a Second Term be constant and assiduous, understands a work in progress. Ideas are best generated poor hygiene and rampant disease threaten the lives of all PHILADELPHIA, 1793 (AP)—President George the soldiers camped there. General Washington has made Washington has won his second election to the presidency Accounts, and can write a good Hand. Also, a when words flow quickly. The mind can race far repeated appeals for increased supplies, but the misman- of the United States! The inauguration will take place on Youth about fourteen or fifteen Years of Age, faster than the pen. Let it race and catch those agement of the supply trade has yet to be resolved. In the March 4 in Philadelphia, the new capital of the United meantime, General Washington struggles alongside his men States. However, the prospect of returning to the stress of who can read well, and write tolerably. Inquire ideas on the fly. while political rivals threaten to remove his power. Military presidential life has left Washington doubtful. Washington at the Post Office. and civilian critics, particularly Thomas Conway and Dr. wrote to his friend Henry Lee “that it was after a long and Benjamin Rush, feel that there are several men who are better painful conflict in my own breast, that I was withheld from v suited to lead the Continental army. requesting, in time, that no votes might be thrown away upon me; it being my fixed determination to return to the walks of private life.” The next four years do in fact promise to be diffi- On Tuesday next, Making Connections cult; factionalism has already begun to sprout in government Was found over constitutional interpretation. Secretary of the Treasury being the 14th Instant, November 9, 1787, Construct a visual timeline that includes both Alexander Hamilton, who was the driving force behind A new COMEDY, the creation of the National Bank and National Mint, will called on the Egypt Road the “Blast from the Past” news stories on page remain in the service of the President. Edmund Randolph will replace Thomas Jefferson as secretary of state. 2 and the entries from “The Pudding Papers” on F A L S E A Lady’s pages 4 and 7. (Students will need to write head- D E L I C A C Y lines for “The Pudding Papers” entries.) Add TIPPET. significant world events to the timeline, i.e., the By the author of A WORD TO Whoever has lost beginning of the French Revolution, advances THE WISE The Patriot Papers serves students of all ages. It is published the same, by in science, and noted accomplishments in art, quarterly by the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian (It may not be improper to give applying to the The Glorious Washington and Gates, detail from Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 2o013-7012 Notice that the Theatre in music, and literature. It is important to under- Bickerstaff’s Boston Almanack, 1778 editor-in-chief: Felice A. Pulles editorial staff: Tia Powell Harris, Williamsburg will be closed Printers, and paying assistant editor: Vicki Fama, Terilee Edwards-Hewitt, Emily stand Washington and America’s early history in at the End of the April Court, Hana Field McDonough, Whitney Pickens, the expense of the the American Company’s review editor: Dru Dowdy Emily van Agtmael relation to other world events. advertisement, may Martha Washington Buries editorial consultants: guest columnist: J. K. Pulles Engagements calling them to the Lisa Mullins Bishop, Kate Finch, design: Studio A, Alexandria, VA, Northward, from whence, it is have it again. Shirlee Lampkin and Graphics, probable, they will not return Suggestions for the timeline Fourth Child, John P. Custis the pudding papers: Washington, DC for several years.) • 1761, Austria: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart YORKTOWN, 1781—After losing two children in infancy Margaret Christman and her daughter Patsy to epilepsy, Martha Washington lost The opinions expressed in The Patriot Papers are not necessarily those king & queen, march 31, 1772 begins writing minuets at age five her last child to camp fever. John Parke Custis, known as Jacky of the Smithsonian Institution or the National Portrait Gallery. to family and friends, passed away on November 5 at Yorktown, Teaching materials to accompany the exhibition “George WHEREAS my Apprentice, • 1763, Europe: The Treaty of Paris ends the merely seventeen days after the surrender of Britain’s General Washington: A National Treasure” are available to educators at Christopher8 Lewis, has absented himself from no cost by visiting www.georgewashington.si.edu or by calling my Service, I therefore forewarn all Persons French and Indian War. France cedes Canada Cornwallis. Jacky leaves behind a wife and four children. 1-866-NPG-KITS. General and Mrs. Washington will raise the younger two to England and gives up all territories in the © 2003 Smithsonian Institution. All rights reserved. from employing or entertaining him under children, Eleanor “Nelly” Custis and George Washington any Pretence whatever. New World except New Orleans and a few Parke Custis, at Mount Vernon, their home in Virginia. Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery thomas hill scattered islands. • 1765, Massachusetts: Chocolate is first produced in America • 1770, Germany: Composer Ludwig van Beethoven is born • 1770, Boston: Boston Massacre The Women of Valley Forge and the For Discussion and Debate • 1773, Boston: Boston Tea Party Martha Washington and other wives assisted with Have students do further research on slavery. Good • 1777, Russia: Alexander I, Czar of Russia cooking and entertaining the men at Valley Forge. websites include Mount Vernon’s site at www. is born Did you know that some women actually fought in mountvernon.org, the Hubbard House Underground • 1789, France: Bastille stormed, French the American Revolution? Deborah Samson served Railroad Museum in Ohio at www.hubbardhouse Revolution begins in the Continental army for three years, under the ugrrmuseum.org, or the Decatur House at name Robert Shirtliffe. She maintained her identity www.decaturhouse.org. as a man until she was discovered in 1781. Margaret Corbin replaced her husband on the battlefield at Fort Washington, performing all of his duties. Anne Bailey rode hundreds of miles alone to gather ammunition to bring to Fort Lee. For more information on women and war, visit userpages.aug.com/captbarb/index.html. For Discussion and Debate

Use the following scholarly perspectives for the patriot papers page 3 not our finest hour open class discussion, or ask students to choose one quote and write a paragraph that supports or rejects the author’s opinion. Valley Forge: An Throughout the coming months The Patriot Papers will address the issue of slavery during Washington’s time. In view of Eyewitness Account Washington’s many attributes and accomplishments, it is diffi- “Not talking about slavery isn’t a question of cult to acknowledge his role as slave owner. Guest historians will In the winter of 1777, Commander in Chief George share their perspectives; we invite you to share yours. Hopefully, not having the information. It’s a question of Washington moved his army to a winter camp at Valley through dialogue, we will increase our understanding. Forge, some 20 miles outside of Philadelphia. For the next what you decide to selectively remember.” — F. A. Pulles, editor few months, the soldiers suffered from starvation, the lack [email protected] of adequate clothing, and poor hygiene. Although morale was low, Washington managed to keep the struggling army “White and black history are invariably together. A new quartermaster general, Nathanael Greene, Battle of Bunker’s Hill, near Boston (detail) by Johann Gotthard Von Müller, after John Trumbull, engraving, 1788–1797. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian November 1796 entwined together. To suggest that you can and a German drillmaster, Baron von Steuben, helped bring Institution supplies and order to the broken army. The following diary RUNAWAY SLAVE. Mrs. Washington is greatly distressed tell a story about whites and not talk about entry from Dr. Albigence Waldo describes the physical and hardship—if barefoot, he labours thro’ the Mud & Cold by the loss of Olney Judge, her Mount Vernon servant so emotional suffering endured by the troops at Valley Forge: with a Song in his mouth extolling War & Washington—if skilled in needlework. The girl, we hear, was lured away blacks, or blacks and not talk about whites, is his food be bad, he eats it notwithstanding with seeming by a Frenchman who tired of her and left her stranded in preposterous.” “December 14—Prisoners & Deserters are continually com- content—blesses God for a good Stomach and Whistles it Portsmouth, New Hampshire. President Washington has sent ing in. The Army which has been surprisingly healthy hith- into digestion. But harkee Patience, a moment—There comes word that all will be forgiven if she returns to her mistress, but —Paul Reber, Decatur House erto, now begins to grow sickly from the continued fatigues a Soldier, his bare feet are seen thro’ his worn out Shoes, his she has refused to come back unless promised her freedom. they have suffered this Campaign. Yet they still show a spirit legs nearly naked from the tatter’d remains of an only pair of This puts the President in an awkward situation. Privately of Alacrity & Contentment not to be expected from so young stockings, his Breeches not sufficient to cover his nakedness, he has said that although he is sympathetic to her demand, “A major factor in Washington’s failure to put Troops. I am Sick— discontented—and out of humour. Poor his Shirt hanging in Strings, his hair dishevell’d, his face mea- setting her free would only reward her for running away, and food—hard lodging—Cold Weather—fatigue—Nasty ger; his whole appearance pictures a person forsaken & dis- would spread discontent among the rest of his servants (as he his growing opposition to slavery into practice Cloaths—nasty Cookery—Vomit half my time—Smoak’d couraged. He comes, and crys with and air of wretchedness calls them), who by being faithful are more deserving of their in the 1790s was certainly his own conception out of my senses [by the smoke created by the guns]—the & despair, I am Sick, my feet lame, my legs sore, my body freedom than the runaway. Above all, the President cautioned Devil’s in it—I can’t Endure it—Why are we sent here to cover’d with this tormenting Itch—my Cloaths are worn out, that no violent means should be used to bring her back, lest of his presidential role.” starve and Freeze—What sweet Felicities have I left at home; my Constitution is broken, my former Activity is exhausted a mob or riot be excited. Rather than risk this happening, he A charming Wife—pretty Children—Good Beds—good by fatigue, hunger & Cold, I fail fast I shall soon be no more! would tell Mrs. Washington she must get along without the food—good Cookery—All agreeable—all harmonious. Here And all the reward I shall get will be—‘Poor Will is dead.’ services of Olney Judge. “It was , perhaps, who first all Confusion—smoke & Cold— hunger & filthyness—a pox People who live at home in Luxury and Ease, quietly pos- on my bad luck. There comes a bowl of beef soup—full of sessing their habitations, Enjoying their Wives & families in noticed the paradox of Virginia. In a letter burnt leaves and dirt. . . . Away with it Boys—I’ll live like peace, have but a very faint idea of the unpleasing sensations, December 1790 to her husband in the spring of 1776, she the Chameleon upon Air. Poh! Poh! Cries Patience within and continual Anxiety that Man endures who is in a Camp, FREEDOM TOO GREAT A TEMPTATION. President me—you talk like a fool. Your being Covers your mind with and is the husband and parent of an agreeable family. These remarked how odd it was that those patriots Washington has brought a handful of servants from Mount a Melancholic Gloom, which makes everything about you same People are willing we should suffer every thing for their Vernon, but he will be faced with the difficulty of complying with the strongest ‘passion for Liberty’ were appear gloomy. See the poor Soldier, when in health—with Benefit & advantage, and yet are the first to Condemn us for with the Pennsylvania law freeing adult slaves who have lived what cheerfulness he meets his foes and encounters every not doing more!!” also ‘those who were accustomed to deprive in Pennsylvania for six months in a row. It is believed that the President, therefore, will have to shuttle these servants back their fellow Creatures of theirs.’” and forth and suffer the inconvenience of sometimes being December 1790 without his cook Hercules. Asked if he feared his slaves PRESIDENTIAL RESIDENCE, 190 HIGH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Senator Robert Morris’s dwelling at 190 High might take advantage of being in the north to run away, the “Slavery is like holding a wolf by the ears.” Street has turned out to be the best house available for the President’s use, and Mr. Morris has graciously agreed to move around President has privately conceded that “the idea of freedom —Thomas Jefferson the corner. Additions will be made to accommodate Mrs. Washington and her two grandchildren, Nelly, who is about twelve, and might be too great a temptation for them to resist.” George Washington, who is about ten, as well as the President’s secretary and numerous servants. The bathing room has been turned into a study to provide for a room in which the President can do busi- RUN away from my plantation, ness, but unfortunately, it will be called Newport News, on the 17th of January, a very necessary for visitors to walk up two flights of stairs and pass by the likely Negro Fellow named Strawsbury, about thirty Writing to Learn public rooms and private chambers Years of Age, has lost one of his fore Teeth, and had to get to it. The President has insist- on a Cotton Waistcoat and Breeches, Plaid Stockings, “Valley Forge: An Eyewitness Account” ed that the house is to be finished and Negro Shoes. The Negroes upon the Plantation in a plain and neat manner and has saw him go away with two Sailors; he can read, and I This very personal and rather disturbing diary ruled out tapestry or very rich and imagine he will attempt to go out of the Country on costly wallpaper. He has also ruled entry of Dr. Albigence Waldo attests to the Board a Vessel. I do hereby forewarn all Masters of that the back yard be kept as clean as power of primary sources and to the power of the parlor since it is in full view from Vessels from carrying him away, as they shall answer the best rooms in the house. it at their Peril. Whoever brings the said Negro the first-person narrative. The personal recol- to me, in York County, shall have TEN POUNDS lections of Tobias Lear in Washington’s Final Reward if he is taken in this Colony, and TWENTY v POUNDS if out thereof. Hours on page 5 are equally powerful. Have George Washington and His Family by David Edwin, after Edward Savage, stipple WILLIAM DIGGES, Junior students write their own diary entry as a real engraving, 1798. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution or imaginary historical figure. They could write as a colonist, a soldier, runaway slave Olney Judge, or Strawsbury, the slave sought through an actual advertisement.

George Washington’s fundamental dilemma: How to reconcile the proclaimed ideals  George Washington was only 11 years old when he inherited 10 slaves from his father in 1743. of the revolution with the institution of  By the time he was 22 years old, Washington owned approximately 36 slaves. slavery?

 At his death in 1799, Washington had 316 slaves at Mount Vernon, 123 of whom belonged directly As a Virginia plantation proprietor and a life- to him. The remaining 193 were “dower” slaves—those he acquired through his marriage to Martha. long slaveholder, Washington had a substantial

 Approximately 75 percent of the slaves at Mount Vernon worked in the fields. Of these, nearly private stake in the economic system of the 65 percent were women. South. However, in his role as acknowledged

 Washington did not buy or sell his slaves after the Revolutionary War. political leader of the country, his overriding concern was the preservation of the union.  Washington allowed his slaves to marry, although such arrangements were not legally binding at that time. Have students discuss Washington’s fun- damental dilemma as President and slaveholder  In his will, Washington freed all of the slaves he owned. His personal valet, William Lee, was released with a payment of $30 per year for the rest of his life, a considerable sum in those days. in a written essay. They should consider the entries on page 3, as well as the facts bulleted in the box to the left. Building Vocabulary

Define the terms “Federalist” and “Republican” page 4 the patriot papers as used in Washington’s time. What did each the pudding papers political party represent? Which parties did Jefferson and Hamilton support? Why? How e interrupt this edition of The Patriot Papers news to bring you the nearly news—a collection of intimate do these terms relate to the Republican and Whistorical glimpses into the past, captured in not-so-living color in The Pudding Papers. The complete episodic Democratic parties of today? adventures can be viewed at your leisure at www.georgewashington.si.edu. Our on-the-scene trusted correspondents include: Silas Silvertongue, our presidential reporter; Titus Blunt, our congressional correspon- dent; and our own Prudence Pudding, who provides social notes from all over. (We leave it for you to decide, dear reader, whether she is an upstart hussy or a man in disguise.) In the spirit of the freedom of the press guar- Vocabulary Words anteed by our new Bill of Rights, we intend to act as a watchful eye and a listening ear, sometimes bringing a plate of gossip, but never a dish of scandal. camp fever 1. Typhus: an infection character- Thomas Jefferson (above left) by Mather Brown (detail), oil on canvas, 1786. Gift *Editor’s note—We apologize in advance for any improprieties, insults, or slanderous remarks on the part of our correspondents. They are, at of Charles Francis Adams. Alexander Hamilton (above right) by James Sharples, pastel on paper, circa 1796. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution ized by high fever, headache, and dizziness; times ill-mannered, sometimes indiscreet, and, at all times, want of wit. a.k.a. camp diarrhea February 1792 April 23, 1789 POLITICAL PARTIES. Not a word about political par- cede vt. 1. To surrender possession of, formally HE COMES! HE COMES! George Washington, President- ties in the Constitution, but they are here and with a passion. or officially. 2. To yield or grant, as by a treaty. elect of the United States, has just set foot on the New York Federalists, who are friends of the government, and the shore after an eight-day triumphal journey from Mount Republicans, who find much to criticize, are at it tooth and Vernon. The excitement here is unbelievable. Thousands nail. Most folks say the parties started over the differences tippet n. 1. A long, slender boa used like a line the streets—all you can see are heads standing as thick between Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and as ears of corn before the harvest. Ladies are crowded in Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton, the friend of scarf. It was considered a fancy accessory in every window, anxious for a glimpse of the illustrious man. business and manufacturers, has pushed for a strong federal the 18th century, usually made of swansdown “I have seen him!” we heard one young lady call out, “and government; Jefferson, who wants to see America stay a land though I had been entirely ignorant that he was arrived in of farmers, is deeply suspicious of moneymen and banks. But or fur. the city, I should have known at a glance that it was General what has really stirred things up is the war between France and Martha Washington (above left) by an unidentified artist, after Gilbert Stuart and England, with the Republicans being passionately on the side Washington: I never saw a human being that looked so great Charles Willson Peale, oil on canvas, 1800–1825. Abigail Adams (above right) and noble as he does. I could fall down on my knees before by Raphaelle Peale, hollow-cut silhouette, 1804. National Portrait Gallery, of France, which has beheaded its king and become a republic, Smithsonian Institution him.” Washington, it can well be believed, is more popular and the Federalists seeing the old mother country as an impor- than the new government he is to head. tant trading partner. The President, who wants to keep both May 30, 1789 Hamilton and Jefferson in his cabinet and to steer a neutral course between France and England, is beset by difficulties. THE PRESIDENT’S LADY. Mrs. Washington, who need- ed some time to prepare for her journey, has now arrived in For Discussion and Debate May 14, 1789 New York. The President’s lady will give no interviews to the WHAT IS THE PRESIDENT TO BE CALLED? Debate, press, but this correspondent has talked to many of her friends August 2, 1793 we are told, rages behind the closed doors of the Senate over a and acquaintances. Mrs. Adams, the Vice President’s lady, who THE PRESIDENT ENRAGED. Sources tell us that the The Role and Responsibility of the Press proper title for the President. Vice President John Adams and first met Mrs. Washington when she came to be with the gen- President lost his usually well-controlled temper at a recent a number of the senators have insisted that a grand and high- eral in Cambridge at the beginning of the war, told The Patriot meeting of his cabinet. Shown a satiric piece describing his head The entry for August 2, 1793, “The President sounding name, such as “Elective Excellency” or “Elective Papers that Mrs. Washington is a lady of patience and pru- being chopped off by the guillotine, printed in Republican edi- Enraged,” reminds us that criticism of the press Highness,” is necessary to give respect to the office. Sources dence. “Her manners are modest and unassuming, dignified tor Philip Freneau’s newspaper, the President went suddenly tell us that the committee appointed to draw up a list of and feminine, not the Tincture of ha’ture about her.” Others tell into a towering rage, spoke bitterly of the newspaper abuse to is nothing new. titles “of all the Princes of the Earth” has recommended us that Mrs. President Washington [no one thought to call her which he had been subjected in past months, and defied any “His Highness the President of the United States of the first lady] is very friendly and likes to talk, but never about critic to indicate one selfish act committed by him in office. He America, and Protector of their Liberties.” But the House politics. “I little thought that when the war was finished that said he would rather be a farmer than emperor of the world,  Research the role of the press and its effect of Representatives anything would call the General into public life again,” she had and yet that “rascal Freneau” insinuated that he would like to refuses to agree, and told friends. “Yet I cannot blame him for having acted accord- be a king. To add insult to injury, Freneau sent three copies of on major moments in history. Mr. Washington ing to his ideas of duty in obeying the voice of his country.” every issue to the President’s dwelling. will be simply called President of  Research the effect of the press on politi- the United States. July 9, 1790 April 1796 cal campaigns and elections. How has its As one member of Congress told us, WHERE IS THE CAPITAL TO BE? Ever since the old GEORGE WASHINGTON LAFAYETTE. The four- role affected election results? Candidates no other title was Congress left Philadelphia in 1783, arguments have raged teen-year-old son of the Marquis de Lafayette arrived in necessary to add over where the permanent seat of government should Philadelphia on the 11th of this month. His father, who had elected? to the respect the be built. At last, the residence is decided. The govern- tried to save the King and Queen of France from losing their John Adams by John Trumbull (detail), whole country had ment is to leave New York and spend the next ten years in heads, remains in prison, and the lad has been sent to America oil on canvas, circa 1793. National Philadelphia. The permanent capital will be a new city cre- Portraitfor General Gallery, Smithsonian Washington. Institution to be under the protection of President Washington. “I will  Debate freedom of the press vs. the neces- ated on the banks of the Potomac River, the exact location to be his friend,” the President declared and has taken him into sity for national security. Today, more than be chosen by President Washington. Some folks speculate his household, even though he worries that the revolutionary that it will not be far from Mount Vernon. New Yorkers, government of France might take offense. He has instructed ever, the issue is a difficult one. Does the “Elective Highness” after they have gone to so much trouble and expense to young Lafayette to study hard to be worthy of his father. accommodate the government, feel betrayed, and one angry need for national security ever override the —a suggested title for the President of the United States, 1789 Washington has a special place in his heart for the Marquis letter to the editor speaks of the President as the country’s de Lafayette, who came from France to fight in the American public’s right to know? “former favorite guardian and deliverer.” Revolution when he was nineteen years old.

Writing to Learn Making Connections

Research colonial medicine Some familiar phrases and famous titles originate musical refrain played repeatedly during the 2002  Find early medical treatments for some from the work of 17th-century poet John Donne. Winter Olympic games held in Salt Lake City, Utah. common ailments today. Students may find them familiar. “Death Be Not Ask them why Donne’s words from Meditation XVII Proud” was used as the title for John Gunther’s were especially relevant to the Olympics, especially  Research and chart the rising number of famous novel about his son’s death at age 14 from in view of the preceding tragic events of September female doctors from 1800 to the present leukemia. “For Whom the Bell Tolls” titled Ernest 11, 2001. How is the phrase “no man is an island” day. Devise a graph to present your data. Hemingway’s famous World War I novel. And “no relevant to their lives today? Have students explore man is an island” is captured in everything from the meaning of the last line, “Never send to know for poster to song. Students may recall hearing the whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee.” Studying the Sonnet the patriot papers death be not proud page 5 Sixteenth-century English sonnets, also known as Shakespearean sonnets, consisted of fourteen lines written in iambic pentameter, a rhythmic device with ten syllables per line, Washington’s Final Hours alternating between stressed and unstressed personal recollections from tobias lear syllables. The rhyme scheme of the sonnet eorge Washington, beloved general and first President of the United States, has died was divided into three four-line stanzas, called at his home at Mount Vernon at the age of 67. His illness was short: after riding out quatrains, followed by a two-line rhyming couplet. Gin bad weather on Thursday, December 12, General Washington was taken with a fever and respiratory problems. Although doctors made numerous attempts to save his life, The quatrains had an alternating rhyme scheme Washington passed on with the dignity and courage he had displayed throughout his many years that could be represented by “abab,” while of military and civic service. Washington’s close friend and personal secretary, Tobias Lear, was with the general throughout the final ending couplet could be represented his illness. Recounted here are Lear’s recollections of these final hours: by “gg.” The overall resulting rhyme scheme is “I found the General breathing with difficulty, and hardly able to utter a word. . . . A mixture of Molasses, Vinegar, and butter was prepared to try its effects in the throat; but he could not swal- “ababcdcdefefgg.” low a drop. Whenever he attempted it, he appeared distressed . . . and almost suffocated. Rawlins Italian, or Petrarchan, sonnets were written came in soon after sunrise, and prepared to bleed him. When the arm was ready the General, observing that Rawlins appeared to be agitated, said, as well as he could speak, ‘Don’t be afraid.’ as early as the 13th century but they were more Dr. Craik came in soon after and, upon examining the General, he put a blister of Cantharides* popular during the 14th century. Petrarchan son- on the throat, took some more blood from him, and had a gargle of Vinegar and sage tea, and ordered some Vinegar and hot water for him to inhale the steam, which he did; but in attempting nets followed the rhyme scheme of “abbaabba,” to use the gargle, he was almost suffocated. ending in either “cdecde,” “cdcdcd,” or “cdedce.” Upon Dr. Dick’s seeing the General . . . he was bled again; the blood came very slow, was thick, and did not produce any symptoms of fainting. About half past four o’clock, he desired me to call Often divided into an octave (eight lines) and a Mrs. Washington to his bed side, when he requested her to go down into his room, and take from George Washington in His Last Illness, an etching done in 1800 by an unidentified artist, is an example of the public’s fascination sestet (six), there was usually a rotta, or turn, in his desk two Wills . . . and bring them to him, which she did. Upon looking at them, he gave her with the death of its first American hero. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution one, which he observed was useless . . . and desired her to burn it. the poem’s message at the end of the octave. He said to me, ‘I find I am going, my breath cannot last long. I believed from the first that the disorder never forsook him for a moment. In all his distress, he uttered not a sigh, nor a complaint; Frequently the first eight lines presented a ques- would prove fatal. . . .’ always endeavoring to take what was offered him, and to do as he was desired by the Physicians.” About ten minutes before he expired, . . .his breathing became easier; he lay quietly; he withdrew tion or problem, and the last six provided an his hand from mine and felt his own pulse. I saw his countenance change. . . .The General’s hand fell *blister of Cantharides: cantharides (kan thar_ë dez) n. pl. [ME cantarides

 Take any character from the past and write page 6 the patriot papers a journal entry, a page from a diary, or a trippin’ through time letter from his or her perspective. Faith Goes weapons and lay in wait for silly girls who thought they were a bench to wait, and it was then that I heard the voice of their  Make up your own Rules of Civility for the going to the “subway.” How could Melody do this to me? god. A booming voice came from nowhere and proclaimed 21st century—on dating, on dining, on Underground “Melody,” I began pleading, “please don’t feed me to loudly, “The 2:07 southbound, destination Lollyland Park —by j. k. pulles the giant spiders!” “What are you talking about?” Melody and Shopping Plaza, arriving now on track six.” “The voice education, on politics. laughed. “There are no giant spiders. Please trust me, we are of God!” I shouted. Springing off the bench, I threw my Hello again everyone! Faith almost there and then you’ll see.” hands up and began shouting, “Please God, what do you Proctor here to tell you about Descending the last few stairs, I braced myself for the want from us? We are peaceful visitors to your underground  Take any modern personality, celebrity, or another one of my amazing worst, and gasped. “A whole new world!” I exclaimed. People world. Do not harm us!” Grabbing at my sweater, Melody politician and send them back in time to adventures in the modern were everywhere! There were small stations where a person dragged me down to the bench. People around us were star- world. Most recently I trav- could buy fruits and vegetables, clothing, flowers, beverages, ing and laughing. “Please, Faith be quiet!” Melody scolded. comment on an event. eled to an underground and even jewelry. I began running around, looking at all the “That is not the voice of God. It is simply an announcement world run by a mysterious amazing things. Wonderful paintings hung on the wall, obvi- for the next train.” “Are you sure we should not make a sac- miss faith proctor and unseen god. ously done by important artists of the underground world. rifice of some sort just to be sure? I could leave the new lip Several weeks ago my Some artwork on the wall—artwork that my parents would gloss you gave me.” cousin Melody asked me never approve of—also contained bad words, but obviously Suddenly, I heard a giant roar coming from a tunnel at Possessions if I would like to go to the in this world the artists were well respected. the end of the platform. Seconds later, a large silver train mall. Now being thoroughly Catching up with me, Melody grabbed my hand and said, whooshed forward out of the tunnel and with screeching familiar with the mall and all of its wonderful shops, I agreed “Let’s go, Faith. We don’t want to miss the next train.” We brakes stopped directly in front of us. Doors in the center Today, most of us own many more things than to the trip. Melody explained to me that her mother was not approached a small, clear enclosure. An inhabitant of the of each car split apart. Melody grabbed my arm, and we able to drive us in the automobile so we would have to travel underground world sat inside. “Do they speak our language?” pressed into the car with the rest of the crowd. One unfor- we really need to live on. When George was 11 by another means of transportation. Leaving the house, we I asked. Melody laughed. “Yes, they speak English like we tunate woman’s purse caught in the door. “Please stand clear walked down the street and after several blocks came upon a do. They are just like we are.” “Amazing,” I mused, “that they of the doors, please stand clear of the doors,” boomed their years old, his family made an inventory (or list) mysterious staircase descending down into the earth! “What have learned our language and our ways of living down under god, and the doors slammed open. “Move to the center of of their possessions. Here is what they owned, is this?” I asked. “It’s the subway,” Melody answered. “A sub- the ground.” Melody looked at me strangely but said noth- the train.” The doors slammed shut. “There is another train way?” I questioned skeptically. “Is that your word for a root ing. She pulled several dollars out of her pocket, then slid the directly behind us. Please stand clear of the doors.” The besides their land: cellar? I don’t like root cellars—they’re damp and musty and money through a small window in the enclosure as she said, doors slammed open. Obviously their god was angry now. filled with spiders.” “No,” laughed Melody, “a subway is an “Four, please.” The person in the box grabbed the money I stood clear of the door. I shoved to the center of the car. I underground train system . . . for people.” “A train that runs and gave us four shiny, round, metal coins in return. “They grabbed the metal pole above my head, hung on, and prayed   16 pairs of sheets Looking glass (mirror) under the ground? That’s just crazy!” “Trust me Faith. Let’s have their own system of money? That’s incredible.” Smiling to my own god. The voice spoke again. “This is the 2:07  17 pillowcases  One silver-plated go and you can see for yourself.” Melody said, “Well, we exchange our money for their ‘tokens’ southbound to Lollyland Park and Shopping Plaza. Next Slowly, I descended the stairs with Melody, certain that at which we use to ride on the train.” stop, Washington Street Station.” And then, just as quickly  13 beds soup spoon any moment I would come face to face with a large, hairy, city- Next I followed Melody to a cement platform with as it had arrived, the train wooshed off again, with one very sized modern spider—modern spiders who probably carried benches where other people waited for the train. We sat on nervous but excited new passenger onboard.  A couch  18 small spoons  Desks  7 teaspoons  Chairs  A watch beside the “class clown.” He makes so much noise that I Mistress Goody, can’t concentrate. This class is already difficult for me, My best friend Valerie  A fireplace set  A sword In Other Words... but I don’t want to be a tattletale. What should I do? takes so much time doing  Tablecloths  11 china plates Mistress Goody’s Column of Advice It is highly inconsiderate for your clownish her hair and deciding on on subjects other than politics and war. classmate to encroach on your time to angle with her clothes that we are   Napkins 20 slaves angles. Tactfully remind him that his behavior is late for everything. We respectfully based on THE RULES OF CIVILITY —by marla maiden inappropriate. never see all of a movie How many of these same items are owned by Rule 4: In the presence of others, sing not to or make it to a party on n 1745, in the colonial frontier town of yourself with a humming noise; nor drum with time. How can I ask her your family today? Are you surprised to see IFredericksburg, Virginia, thirteen-year-old your fingers or feet. to speed it up? “slaves” listed as part of the inventory of pos- George Washington recorded The Rules of Do impress on vain mistress goody Civility in his workbook, probably as a dictation Mistress Goody, Valerie that beauty sessions? If you were to make an inventory of exercise. These “guidelines for the respectable My best friend has been out of school with “mono” for sev- fades, while some gentleman” would influence him throughout life, eral weeks. We talk on the phone and email one another friendships can last forever: every item in your home, how long do you think guiding him in both social and professional situ- every day so that she can stay up-to-date on things. But Rule 54: Play not the peacock, looking every- the list would be? How many items would be ations. Translations and variations abound, but just the other day while I was describing what a great where about you to see if you be well decked, if all stress etiquette, chivalry, and courtesy, often time I had at “spring fling” she became upset and hung your shoes fit well, if your stockings sit neatly, unfamiliar to George Washington? rather elusive concepts in the 21st century. up on me. I think she is just jealous because I am having and your clothes appear handsomely. Fortunately, there is one who understands the fun without her. rules well; in fact, she still recommends their use Your friend with the “kissing sickness” is envious Mistress Goody, today. Let us recall a character from the past to of your fun at the seasonal gala because she is hav- I have been dating my girlfriend for six months, and I assist with our everyday problems. We give you ing none of her own. Though it may tickle your believe I am falling in love with her. Lately, I have the “Toast of George Town” our own Mistress throat to swallow your delicious tales, spare your heard rumors that she had a “bad reputation” at her Goody, always informed, always respectable, and friend her jealousy. former school. Should I believe my girlfriend or these Did You Know...? very, very good. Rule 43: Do not express joy before one who rumors? is sick or in pain, for that contrary passion will Sir, if you call this gnawing mistrust “love,” you  Washington came from a blended family, Mistress Goody, aggravate his misery. are sadly mistaken. We have assigned seats in my second period geometry Rule 50: Be not hasty to believe flying reports having two older stepbrothers and one class. I am alphabetically challenged in being seated to the disparity of any. stepsister? 6 6 6 6 6

 He was actually born February 11, not February 22? England changed its calendar when he was a boy, causing his birthdate to become February 22.  His father died when he was 11 years old? The President with No Teeth!  He often had a bad temper but slowly learned to control it? When George Washington became the first Washington had trouble speaking, chewing food,  He loved horseback riding, dancing, President in 1783, he had only one tooth left in his and smiling. The false teeth could be painful. and farming? mouth. As a boy, he had cracked walnut shells with They sometimes made Washington’s his teeth. As a result, many of them fell out before cheeks and lips puff out. Fortunately,  He was not always a good student? he was 30! Over the years, Washington wore sev- modern dentistry now allows  He did not always get along very well with eral sets of false teeth. There is no proof that he painless smiles for his mother, who was bossy and controlling? ever had wooden teeth. His dentures were made even the greatest  His older half-brother Lawrence was one of many things. They were often made from human of walnut lovers! of the most important people in young teeth, animal teeth, and ivory. They were put George’s life? together with wire and a spring. This allowed the  He had two stepchildren, but no children dentures to open and close. Throughout his life, of his own? Making Connections

the patriot pape rs more from the pudding papers page 7 Fashion design: Design clothing for a histori- cal character or for a historical novel or play. Philadelphia, July 13, 1793 Philadelphi a, February 1797 Social No tes Research: Investigate Peale’s Museum, Ricketts’s R I C K ET TS ’ S A M P H IT H E ATR E. Wo rd tha t th e NEW THEATER ON CHESTNUT STREET. We ar e from Pre s i d e n t a n d h is fa m i ly we re to a t t e n d a pe rfo rm a n c e o f M r. infor med that the Pr esident of the United States intends Amphitheatre, or the history of the circus. All Over... J o h n B i ll R i c ke t ts’s da n g e ro u s fe a ts o n h o rs e b a c k b ro u gh t a visiting the theater this ev ening and has sent his carri age l a rg e c rowd this evening to what is called the Circus. The ac- ro to bring the Vice Pr esident and his family to join him. The batic p erformance was held to raise money to buy firewo o d for pla y to be perfor med is Columbus, or, A World D is covered, Create: During the 1770s “Poet’s Corners” the p o or during the coming winter. Mr. Ricketts, demonstrat- and it will displa y scenery, machinery, and decorations, the ing his agility by drinking a glass of wine while on horseback, likes of which hav e nev er been seen befor e. A r epr esenta - appeared in newspapers throughout America. Patience Wright by an unidenti- fied artist, etching, 1775. National raised his glass to the health of “The Man of the People.” This tion of a stor m, an earthquake, a volcano er uption, as well Anonymous poems, songs, and satires com- Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian as a procession of Indi ans, await all who enter. Columbus Institution pro duced an immediate clap of applause and a loud hurrah from every part of the Circus. Mr. Ricketts has expressed his will be followed by a far ce called A Wife at Her Wit’s E n d. mented on issues of the day. Americans also agreement with those who call General Washington the finest Philadelphia , January 1791 horseman of the age, saying “I delight to see the general ride, produced a great number of political broad- MRS. WASHINGTON’S DRAWING R OOM. On and make it a p oint to fall in with him when I hear that he is poet’s corner… sides—sheets of paper covered with anony- Frida y ev ening at eight, your humble corr espondent was abroad on horseback; his seat is so firm, his management so among the ladies and gentlemen in attendance at Mrs. easy and graceful, that I who am a professor of horsemanship, some very bad poetry mous poems, songs, and essays—that could Washington’s weekly r eception. Mrs. Washington, plainly would go to him and learn to ride.” be tacked up around the city, left on doorsteps, dr essed, but in a gown of rich silk, sat on a sofa by the fir e - REVOLUTIONARY MOMENTS place and arose to gr eet her guests with a curtsy which each or even read to groups on street corners. lady r eturned. Each gentleman bowed low. Coffee, tea, and Colonists took a ction and dumped the tea Have your students try their hand at creating cake wer e serv ed, and had I come in the summer, I would Philadelphia, September 1796 They stood stron g and would n o t flea hav e been offer ed lemonade and ice cr eam. The ladies swish broadsides, writing political or social poetry, or about, and as candlelight is a gr eat improv er of beauty, PEALE’S MUSEUM. A Som e fought a t L exin gton, som e a t Con cord *

they appear to gr eat advantage. Pr esident Washington cir- visit to Mr. Peale’s mus eum, This threa t to the British could n o t be ign ored. drawing political cartoons. culated among the crowd, chatting agr eeably with all the e Prudence Pudding tells us , is *Bostonians pronounce Concord —[kahn • k d]. ladies. It is said that he keeps count of the numbers who well worth the admission fee of come to pa y their r espects to Mrs. Washington and was one fourth of a dollar, if only to You’re right, that’s hard to rhyme! pleased to find the room so crowded. see the huge American buffalo. Create an Old-Fashioned Peale’s ro oms are filled with 8 We take no r esponsi bility for the quality of Advertisement monsters of the earth and sea , a the work her ein. GOOD POETRY SOUGHT. rich array of birds , and a great Submit to [email protected] Ask students to create advertisements of c olle c tion of the b ones, jaws, Charles Willson Peale, self-portrait, their own using our authentic 18th-century oil on canvas, circa 1791. National and teeth of tigers , sharks , and Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian many o ther fearful animals. In advertisements as models. Institution one ro om are rattle, black, and spotted snakes, c onfined in Will theReal George W. cases enclosed with wire and glass. She was astonished to see • Advertise an unusual product Mr. Peale take out a black snake ab out four or five feet long, Please Stand Up? which he p ermitted to touch his cheek and twine itself around • Publicize an upcoming event ctorA William Sommerfield brings George his ne ck. In the yard and stable were eagles, owls, bab o ons, • Place a “Help Wanted” advertisement monkeys, and a six-fo o ted cow. Mr. Peale is a lso a p a i n t e r, Washington to your community for a three-day a n d th e re c a n be s e e n i n h is m u s e u m m o re tha n a hu n d re d trip back in time. po r tra i ts o f th e m o re n ot e w o r thy pe rso n a g e s o f o u r c o u n tr y, i n c l u d i n g o u r i ll u s tri o u s Wa s h i n g to n .

June 1791 T H E P R ES I D E NT O N TO U R. Wh e n h e e n t e re d upo n “Death March and Monody,” sheet music, circa 1799–1800. National Portrait th e du ti e s o f h is o ff i c e , Geo rg e Wa s h i n g to n d ec i d e d h e More Bad Poetry Gallery, Smithsonian Institution w o ul d v is i t a ll p a r ts o f th e Un i t e d Sta t e s to p l e a s e th e c i ti z e n s

PHOTOGRAPH BY JACK MANNING, NEW YORK TIMES a n d to s e e h o w th e y fe l t a bo u t th e n e w gove rn m e n t . S i l a s Philadelphia, April 1791 S i l ve r to n gu e , wh o is w i th th e Pre s i d e n t ’s p a r ty, re po r ts tha t Revolutionary Tea OUT AND ABOUT. The Pr esident of the United States, th e y a re n e a ri n g th e e n d o f th e i r t w o- m o n th j o u rn e y o f 1, 887 Hailed by histori ans and politici ans as the definitiv e There was an old lady lived over the sea it is well known, is v ery fond of the theater and has gone m i l e s. Everywhere there has been a remarkable outp ouring of dramatic portra yer of George Washington, Willi am outside the city to Southwark, wher e pla ys ar e perfor med. affe c tion for the President, Silvertongue informs . Towns have Arthur Sommer field fascinates a udiences with the And she was an island queen. During an affecting moment leading to a happy ending, been in a bustle of preparation , and at every stop the citizens insights, war mth, and humor of our first Pr esident. Her daughter lived off in a new country Washington was observ ed to shed a tear. As the humor - have come out to meet him with addresses of welcome. Ladies , Sommer field str ips aw a y the marble image of the ous scenes unfolded, those pla ying the parts of Priscilla s ome rouged up to the ears , have bede cked themselves with ideal man and r eplaces it with a portra yal of George With an ocean of water between. Tomboy and Young Cockney recei ved the appro ving sashes and headbands painted with images of the President Wa s h i n g to n, th e i n t e n se ly hu m a n be i n g — a m a n o f smiles of the old hero. General Washington goes often and patrio tic slogans . The festivities include the ringing of humor, anger, sorrow, failur e, sacrifice, and lov e. The old lady’s pockets were full of gold to concerts but has been heard to sa y, “I can neither pla y bells , bands of music, cannon salutes , and s ome ve ry bad Check local v enues for detail s. But never contented was she, Musick nor sing Songs.” poetry. (See poetry box, upper right.) So she called on her daughter to pay her a tax Of three pence a pound on her tea, Of three pence a pound on her tea.

Tile game key. Game on page 8. Word find key. Puzzle on page 8. Revolutionary Moments Colonists took action and dumped the tea George Washington — A MAN OF SERVICE; Mrs. Washington’s runaway M H K F H A M I L T O N T N Y They stood strong and would not flea who stayed away! — OLNEY JUDGE; Mistress Goody Quotes…THE RULES O H T X E L G H I S S R Q O T OF CIVILITY; Faith Proctor — ON A FASHION FRENZY!; Patriot n. — Some fought at Lexington, some at Concord* U K E E S D C E M U A A P S I FELLOW COUNTRYMAN This threat to the British could not be ignored.

N P S M E I E A O U M L G R L T R C A Q T D R T R A W C E I e *Bostonians pronounce Concord — [kahn ´ • k d]. V E L R E A E S A N G Q G F V You’re right, that’s hard to rhyme! E T L T N N T S S L B E I F I R C N H B R J D L C I Q S E C N Q O A E W O A U A Y S R J F O J I B R W B H B F F P T M O N H L K N N F R S Q Y N I S S L I P E N N S Y L V A N I A E G Y S H T A O Y T L A Y O L L M V F H Z C G R J N Q W Z G U X C T Y C V T Q H V G U Y L R Wanted: THE PATRIOT PAPERS HONORING COMMUNITY SERVICE PAGE 8 Original art, “bad poetry,” stories of Editor’s Choice: community service, pictures, or photos. “All the World’s a Stage”: Red Land High Proves “That’s What Friends Are For” Feature your class on our website—send Students Raise $6,500 in One Week for Billy Spong information to [email protected]! Too often the work of a nosed with a very rare form teacher goes unrecognized. of cerebral palsy known as The hours are long, the pay chorea, the youngest child is low, the food is lousy, ever to be diagnosed, and and students are stingy the doctoring began. With

with compliments. If little ability to control his Billy’s buddies help “Pledge It Forward” through flight, fantasy, and fun they like you, they don’t muscles, Billy’s develop- Writing to Learn cause trouble. If they ment was severely delayed. At the age of three, he was just acts were chosen, and the tickets went on sale. In just one Make Your Voice Heard don’t, they do. But one starting to sit up; he does not talk. It was then the Spongs week, they sold out 1,000 seats. Local businesses also got dedicated Pennsylvania heard of a new European therapy being offered in Detroit. involved, donating money and prizes for an auction. If you could have a conversation with George teacher did receive a Developed for children with movement disabilities, it The show included everything from dance to a violin substantial “payback” involves wearing a special suit that forces the muscles to concerto to a black-belt karate act that included the Washington, what would it be like? Compose that will long be work. Billy has made two trips to Detroit for this special breaking of cinder blocks! The winners—sisters Krista and a letter to Washington sharing your thoughts remembered. therapy, and already he has started to crawl, can push but- Karlyn Kerney—performed a mime to “I Believe I Can William Benjamin (Bill) Spong III teaches English, tons, and is even trying to stand. Unfortunately, the cost of Fly” and received a check for $500. But the real win- about the state of America during his presi- journalism, and speech at Red Land High School, travel and treatment is high; a trip to Detroit with therapy ner that night was probably Billy. In just one week, the dency. Do you agree with the decisions he located in a rural area called Etters on the outskirts of runs about $10,000. students had raised $6,500 and they presented a check Harrisburg, PA. An alumnus himself, he has taught there To help with the considerable cost of this long-distance to Billy, his parents, and his baby sister, while actors and makes? What would you suggest he do differ- since the fall of 1994. In 1999 his wife Denise gave birth therapy, the teachers and most of the school’s 1,200 stu- audience sang “That’s What Friends Are For.” Some of ently? Next, compose a similar letter addressed to a very special little boy, William Benjamin (Billy) dents at Red Land High thought of a way to “Pledge It the money will buy Billy a special walker; the remainder Spong IV. Just 15 hours after birth, Billy suffered a mas- Forward” and help out. Under the direction of teacher will go toward the purchase of an electric wheelchair. For to our current President. Send this one! sive heart attack that caused irreparable damage to his Alison Gonce, the students mounted a talent show like Bill and Denise Spong, it was a show of support they will nervous system. Just six months later, at the Kennedy- no other. When the call went out for auditions, everyone never forget. And as for Billy, he’s just wondering how Or . . . pair up with a friend and write a dia- Kreeger Children’s Center in Baltimore, he was diag- answered. Seventy-two students in 42 acts auditioned, 25 fast he’ll be able to race in an electric wheelchair. logue between Washington and one of his Gardening and English: FREEDOM—Captured on Film contemporaries where you discuss the issues 12-Year-Old Thy Vu Wins Contest of the day. Side by Side When English as a Second Challenged to illustrate how Vu draws from real life to Or . . . play today’s TV correspondent and con- Language (ESL) students “Independent Courts Protect express her observations, planted flowers in front Our Liberties,” contestants in hopes, and dreams. Although duct a live interview with Washington. What of College Place Middle the 2003 Images of Freedom she still enjoys drawing, she does he think of America in 2003 and the cur- School in Lynnwood, Student Photography Contest no longer uses it as an escape. Washington, few expect- ranged from middle school Vu credits her mother, also rent state of affairs? ed that the volunteer through high school. Yet an artist, for encouraging project would become it was a 12-year-old who her interest and teaching part of the curriculum. captured first prize. Thy her about the use of light The kids had paid for the Vu’s portrayal, A Pure Court and nature in her work. Pledge It Forward— flowers themselves. But Thinking about Freedom, made It was this exceptional when they asked to plant her the youngest student to use of light and nature that Self to Service a second garden, teacher ever win the contest. Jim Landman, associate the panel of judges noted in Vu’s winning Divide students into groups and let them brain- Merilee Bengtsson asked director of the American Bar Association’s entry. The photograph captures her class- the Parent Club for funds Division of Public Education and organizer mate Mary Yilma set against a background storm about possible service projects they could and extended the project of the contest, remarked that the theme for of flag and foliage in blinding white, holding into a lesson plan. Soon this year was particularly difficult, making a gavel and a replica of the torch from the undertake. students and parents Vu’s accomplishment even more impressive. Statue of Liberty. “The girl in white repre- planted side by side. Now In April, Vu traveled to Washington, DC, to sents purity,” explained Vu, “because judges

the effort has expanded to Merilee Bengtsson receive her award and tour the Capitol. should make pure decisions [and] follow Have the students write political poems include Master Gardeners Rita Kandybina from Russia, José Beltran from Mexico, and Salavdor Peña Torres plant a clematis in the Peace Thy Vu began drawing cartoons at a only the law, so we will have freedom. No on “America 2003” and submit them to and a unit of lessons for Garden at their school. young age to distract herself from the bully- one has the right to influence them.” This science, mapmaking, and ing that took place at her school in Vietnam. picture illustrates the need for judges to [email protected]. math, as well as English. words of English, has “This project has Now a seventh-grader at College Place make decisions based on the law, not on Bengtsson and the Master improved his English become a focus of com- Middle School in Lynnwood, Washington, personal convictions or politics. Gardener volunteers along with his gardening munity spirit and school hope the lessons teach skills. “When I plant the pride,” said Bengtsson, the kids to make gardens flower, I feel great [but] “especially for students Pledge It Forward—Self to Service Where’s George? word find puzzle both beautiful and envi- I was so surprised to put who sometimes have dif- A Challenge from The Patriot Papers —F. A. Pulles, Editor-in-chief Answers on page 7. ronmentally sound. the gloves on my hands.” ficulty fitting into main- One young African He had planted flowers stream school activities.” The Portrait Gallery’s Office of Education would like to recognize those who con- boy, who began the before, but never with tinue to care about community. We challenge you to Pledge It Forward—pledge time M H K F H A M I L T O N T N Y year speaking only a few gloves. to your schools, youth organizations, senior centers. We’ll feature your stories and photos on our website at www.georgewashington.si.edu. Projects of particular O H T X E L G H I S S R Q O T merit will be published in The Patriot Papers. Get creative; get busy. And together, U K E E S D C E M U A A P S I we can build a community of caring. Write to us at [email protected]. N P S M E I E A O U M L G R L T R C A Q T D R T R A W C E I V E L R E A E S A N G Q G F V E T L T N N T S S L B E I F I R C N H B R J D L C I Q S E C Tile Game Mistress Goody Quotes… N Q O A E W O A U A Y S R J F Answers on page 7. ILIT Y. THE RULE CIV S OF O J I B R W B H B F F P T M O N H L K N N F R S Q Y N I S S Unscramble the tiles to reveal a message. L I P E N N S Y L V A N I A E George Washington G Y S H T A O Y T L A Y O L L Faith Proctor M V F H Z C G R J N Q W Z G U AN A M OF VIC E. SER X C T Y C V T Q H V G U Y L R ON A NZY! FRE HION FAS

False teeth Jefferson Mount Vernon Federalists John Adams Pennsylvania Mrs. Washington’s runaway who stayed away! patriot n. George Lansdowne Rules of Civility GE OL JUD NEY CO UNT FEL AN RY M LOW Gilbert Stuart Loyalty oath Hamilton Martha