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Garo Migrant Women in Dhaka City: a Study in the Marginality, 41 Aspirations, and Realities of Garo `Beauty Workers’ Jannatul Mawa

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Garo Migrant Women in Dhaka City: a Study in the Marginality, 41 Aspirations, and Realities of Garo `Beauty Workers’ Jannatul Mawa ISSN 2520-7679 Peoples’ Preface A Journal of Research Initiatives Vol. 02 Issue 02 September 2018 EDITOR-IN CHIEF Professor Hasan Shafie Dept. of Anthropology Dhaka University EXECUTIVE EDITOR Md. Ershad Ali CEO & Founder Peoples’ Preface Research Center PEOPLES’ PREFACE VOL. O2, ISSUES 02, OCT 2018 EDITORIAL ADviSORY BOARD Professor Farid Uddin Ahmed, Ph.D., Chairperson, Dept. of Development Studies, and Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chittagong University. Professor Md. Siddiqur Rahman, Ph.D., Dept. of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar. Professor AKM Mazharul Islam, Dept. of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Sukanta Sen, Executive Director, BARCIK, Dhaka. Raasheed Mahmood, Associate Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. PANEL EDITORS Bokhtiar Ahmed, Ph.D, Associate Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. Md. Saiful Islam, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Dept. of Development Studies, University of Dhaka. S M Arif Mahmud,Ph.D., Associate Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Dhaka. Faruk Saha, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Dept. of Development Studies, University of Dhaka. Avijit Roy, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. N.M. Rabiul Awal Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, Comilla University Syed Arman Hossen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. Fahmid Al Zaid, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. Md. Abdur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, Comilla University. Md. Liton Hossen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. Silvanus Lamin, Coordinator, KMC, BARCIK, Dhaka. ISSN 2520-7679 Peoples’ Preface A Journal of Research Initiatives Vol. 02 Issue 02 September 2018 Copyright: Peoples’ Preface Research Center Published September 2018 Declaration The peer-reviewed journal of Peoples’ Preface is devoted to the advancement of researcher in multidisciplinary areas. The opinions expressed are the author(s)‘ responsibility. Articles of perspectives authors are advised to consult the guidelines for contributors’’ section. This journal has been published with the financial support from the members of Peoples’ Preface Research Center Subscription Rate Single Copy: Taka 200 (US $ 5); Annual Subscription: Taka 400 (US $ 10), Payment may be made through a crossed cheque/ Bank Draft payable to Md. Ershad Ali, Executive Editor, Peoples’ Preface. Printed at: Alpha Printers, 167 Gausul Azam Super Market, Nilkhet Peoples’ Preface Vol. 02, Issue 02, October 2018 Table of Contents The existence of a plural medical system: Is a functional efficacy based 1 explanation enough? Farhana Begum Indigenous climate calendar: Changes and challenges 9 Pavel Partha Everyday there, but not everyday here: Eating habits, health concerns, and food 27 choices of international students in Heidelberg, Germany Krishna Kumar Saha; Binita Sharma; Costanza Travaglia; Ruoh- Yiang Wu; Shih-Hsuan Yu; Walter Venditto; Wipawee Tantaphakul Garo migrant women in Dhaka city: A study in the marginality, 41 aspirations, and realities of Garo `beauty workers’ Jannatul Mawa Corporate malpractice in banks and the price of mistakes 55 Provash Kumer Sarker Sustainable Energy Management in India 73 Rashmitha Ramesh Impacts of development projects on declining fresh water resources in coastal 85 areas of Bangladesh Md. Bahauddin Construction of feminine discourse through proverbs: A post-modern approach 99 to study Folklore Niger Sultana Understanding and capacity of Civil Society Organization’s in 109 strengthening Adolescent’s Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) Rights in a disaster-prone area of Bangladesh Kazi Robiul Alom and Haribondhu Sarma Loan schemes for the urban informal sector workers: nature, perception 127 and challenges Ashim Kumar Nandi and Priti Lata Majumder Migration and globalization: Ethnicity and the political economy of diaspora 143 Raasheed Mahmood Kazi Mizanur Rahman The real estate and capital accumulation: An inquiry into Harvey’s 153 model in Dhaka Shamsul Arefin Thank you authors and reviewers. First and foremost, I express heartfelt appreciation to all authors and reviewers of the second year of Peoples’ Preface: A Journal of Research Initiatives (PPJRI) on behalf of the entire editorial board and the publisher. It was with the mere co-operation, enthusiasm, and spirit of the authors and reviewers we could make the journal a grand success. Authors have been a real motivation and key in establishing Peoples’ Preface as one of the renowned journals in Bangladesh for publication in the fields of social sciences. I thank them all in considering and trusting Peoples’ Preface as the platform for publishing their valuable work. I also thank all authors for their kind co-operation extended during the various stages of processing of the manuscript in PPJRI. For the success of any journal, reviewers are an essential part and therefore the reviewers deserve sincere appreciation. PPJRI relies on the efforts and benevolence of the reviewers on assessing the suitability of a manuscript for publication in PPJRI. The inputs of reviewers are often used in improving the quality of a submitted manu- script. The reviewing of a manuscript is very essential to assure the quality of the manuscript published in any journal. I thank all reviewers for their excellent contri- butions during the second year of PPJRI. We are on our way to index PPJRI in important journal indexing and abstracting services. We dream of tremendous citations for articles in PPJRI and thus a good impact factor in near future. The success of this journal has really been a motivation and inspiration for me to continue as the Editor-in-Chief for the third year of PPJRI. I hope that the co-operation of authors and reviewers to PPJRI will continue in its third year. The overwhelming responses from the authors and readers have been a real motivation and support in taking forward PPJRI to the third year of its existence. I am much pleased to bring before you the second volume of PPJRI. PPJRI has been striving to excel in publishing quality manuscripts in the field of social sciences and development as a platform for the rapid dissemination of high-quality publications. I would like to mention it again - Thank you authors and reviewers. Hasan Shafie Editor-in-Chief Peoples’ Preface: A journal of research initiatives The Existence of a plural medical system: Is a functional efficacy based explanation enough? Farhana Begum 1 Abstract This paper explores the underlying logic of the existence of a plural medical system in rural Bangladesh. Biomedicine, which was introduced and promoted as a superior medical system during British colonial rule and later by the post-colonial state, operates alongside alternative medicines such as Homeopathy, Ayurveda, and folk systems. This paper argues that an explanation based on the functions or efficacy of the medical systems gives us a partial idea about the existence of a plural system. We need to analyze economic and other structural and cultural factors as well for a nuanced understanding. This paper is based on the primary data collected from a Bangladeshi village through informal interviews. Key Words: Medical Pluralism, Biomedicine, Alternative Medicine, Sequential Therapy Seeking Introduction Bangladesh has a plural medical system where biomedicine exists along- side other alternative medicines such as Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, and folk. A plural medical system exists not only in Bangladesh but also in almost all complex societies. A plural medical system means the co-existence of multiple medicines or healing systems within a society. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons for the existence of a plural medical system in rural Bangladesh. Before going to that discussion, it is necessary to know the existing literature and arguments that anthropologists already put forward on medical pluralism to situate the argument of this paper. 1 Dr. Farhana Begum is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Peoples’ Preface Medical pluralism: A critical review of existing research The medical anthropological research identified various reasons behind the existence of a plural medical system. It is believed that all complex societies in the modern world have plural medical systems because they are intercon- nected with each other through various means. People of different cultures come to each other’s contact to meet their various purposes and this global interconnectedness has been dramatically increased during the last century due to the ‘development’ of the means of communication. During the long journey of human interactions, people not only exchanged their goods and products but also shared health and medical knowledge. This interrelationship and exchange helped to flourish medical pluralism in many contexts. The development of medical pluralism in the Indian subcontinent is an example of this historical interaction (Arnold, 1993; Begum, 2015). Alongside global interconnectedness, cultural categorization of illnesses and choosing therapies accordingly is another issue that encourages people to use multiple therapies and ultimately that led to flourishing medical pluralism. People of a particular society hold certain views about the nature of an illness and they categorize it on the basis of their cultural knowledge. In many anthropological works, we see that
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