Animal/Dairy Science 434 Stallion Reproductive Tract

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Animal/Dairy Science 434 Stallion Reproductive Tract

Animal/Dairy Science 434 Learning Objectives Male Reproductive Tract Anatomy • To be able to describe the male reproductive system in the stallion. – Structure – Function Testis Epididymis Factory Finishing School Stallion Reproductive Tract • <1 - 25 X 109 sperm/day • Fluid Absorption • “Plant” must be air • 8-25 X 109 sperm Pelvic Tract conditioned – membrane changes – nuclear & flagellar stabilization – motility, fertility Penis – cytoplasmic droplet translocation Delivery System • Erection • Protrusion • Ejaculation Tail of Epididymis Warehouse and Delivery • Storage 10-50 X 109 sperm • Sperm for 5-10 ejaculates Testes • Smooth muscle contractions Accessory Sex Glands upon sexual stimulation Alterations & Packaging • Metabolic substrates • Surface coatings • Transport for sperm Penis Reproductive Organs of the Stallion Reproductive Organs of the Stallion Testis Primary Sex Organ Tunica Vaginalis Tunica Albuginea Parietal Visceral Scrotum Scrotal Cross Section - Stallion • Thermosensor • Radiator • Protective sac Scrotum Scrotal Cross Section Scrotal Longitudinal Section Equine Testis and Spermatic Chord a. Tunica Albuginea b. Seminiferous tubule c. Efferent Ducts d. Initial Segment e. Caput (head) f. Rete testis g. Corpus (body) h. Cauda (Tail) i. Vas Deferens Varner and Johnson, 2007 Primary Sex Organ Mediastinum Rete Testis • Testes o Testosterone o Sperm Seminiferous Secondary Sex Organs • Tubule Efferent Ducts • Epididymis o Caput o Corpus Interstitial Tunica Albuginea o Cauda Tissue • Vas Deferens The Testis Varner and Johnson, 2007 Spermatic Chord Spermatic Chord Testicular Vas Deferens TV TA • Vascular, lymphatic and nerves Artery • Heat exchanger Testicular Vein • Houses cremaster muscle Pampiniform Plexus EC VD Pampiniform Plexus • Counter Current Exchange Ø Arterial Blood 39C, 4.8 ng T/ml Ø Venus blood 34C, 70 ng T/ml External Cremaster Muscle Spermatic Chord Testis Arterial Pulse External Cremaster Muscle Testicular Artery Testicular Artery In Spermatic Chord In Testes Reproductive Organs of the Stallion Contraction of the Tunica Dartos Testis Tunica Dartos • Smooth muscle Tunica Dartos • Androgen dependent (Testosterone) Reproductive Organs of the Stallion Reproductive Organs of the Stallion Pelvic Genitalia Gubernaculum Pelvic Genitalia of the Stallion The Stallion Bladder Seminal Cowper’s Body of Cowper’s Vesicles Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Bulbospongiosus Bulbospongiosus Vesicles Urethra Muscle Muscle Ampulla Vas Deferens Ampulla Crus Colliculus Seminalis Body of Penis Prostate Retractor Penis Muscle Pelvic Urethral No Disseminate Muscle Ischiocavernosus Vas Prostate Deferens Pelvic Urethral Muscle Muscle Bulb of the Penis Reproductive Organs of the Stallion Seminal Vesicles Ampulla Prostate Rectum Cowpers Bladder Gland Vas Deferens Retractor Penis Muscle Gubernaculum Cauda Caput Testis Glans Penis Scrotum Cross Section of Stallion Penis Equine Penis Free Part Urethral Process Tunica Albuginea of Penis Corpus Cavernosum Urethra Glans Penis Bulbospongiosus Corpus Spongiosum Prepuce (Retracted) Muscle Retractor Penis Muscle Glans Penis Urethral Process Fossa Glandis (urethral sinus).

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Reference Sheet 1
MALE SEXUAL SYSTEM 8 7 8 OJ 7 .£l"00\.....• ;:; ::>0\~ <Il '"~IQ)I"->. ~cru::>s ~ 6 5 bladder penis prostate gland 4 scrotum seminal vesicle testicle urethra vas deferens FEMALE SEXUAL SYSTEM 2 1 8 " \ 5 ... - ... j 4 labia \ ""\ bladderFallopian"k. "'"f"";".'''¥'&.tube\'WIT / I cervixt r r' \ \ clitorisurethrauterus 7 \ ~~ ;~f4f~ ~:iJ 3 ovaryvagina / ~ 2 / \ \\"- 9 6 adapted from F.L.A.S.H. Reproductive System Reference Sheet 3: GLOSSARY Anus – The opening in the buttocks from which bowel movements come when a person goes to the bathroom. It is part of the digestive system; it gets rid of body wastes. Buttocks – The medical word for a person’s “bottom” or “rear end.” Cervix – The opening of the uterus into the vagina. Circumcision – An operation to remove the foreskin from the penis. Cowper’s Glands – Glands on either side of the urethra that make a discharge which lines the urethra when a man gets an erection, making it less acid-like to protect the sperm. Clitoris – The part of the female genitals that’s full of nerves and becomes erect. It has a glans and a shaft like the penis, but only its glans is on the out side of the body, and it’s much smaller. Discharge – Liquid. Urine and semen are kinds of discharge, but the word is usually used to describe either the normal wetness of the vagina or the abnormal wetness that may come from an infection in the penis or vagina. Duct – Tube, the fallopian tubes may be called oviducts, because they are the path for an ovum.
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
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Reproductive System, Day 2 Grades 4-6, Lesson #12
Family Life and Sexual Health, Grades 4, 5 and 6, Lesson 12 F.L.A.S.H. Reproductive System, day 2 Grades 4-6, Lesson #12 Time Needed 40-50 minutes Student Learning Objectives To be able to... 1. Distinguish reproductive system facts from myths. 2. Distinguish among definitions of: ovulation, ejaculation, intercourse, fertilization, implantation, conception, circumcision, genitals, and semen. 3. Explain the process of the menstrual cycle and sperm production/ejaculation. Agenda 1. Explain lesson’s purpose. 2. Use transparencies or your own drawing skills to explain the processes of the male and female reproductive systems and to answer “Anonymous Question Box” questions. 3. Use Reproductive System Worksheets #3 and/or #4 to reinforce new terminology. 4. Use Reproductive System Worksheet #5 as a large group exercise to reinforce understanding of the reproductive process. 5. Use Reproductive System Worksheet #6 to further reinforce Activity #2, above. This lesson was most recently edited August, 2009. Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986 • revised 2009 • www.kingcounty.gov/health/flash 12 - 1 Family Life and Sexual Health, Grades 4, 5 and 6, Lesson 12 F.L.A.S.H. Materials Needed Classroom Materials: OPTIONAL: Reproductive System Transparency/Worksheets #1 – 2, as 4 transparencies (if you prefer not to draw) OPTIONAL: Overhead projector Student Materials: (for each student) Reproductive System Worksheets 3-6 (Which to use depends upon your class’ skill level. Each requires slightly higher level thinking.) Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986 • revised 2009 • www.kingcounty.gov/health/flash 12 - 2 Family Life and Sexual Health, Grades 4, 5 and 6, Lesson 12 F.L.A.S.H.
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Human Physiology/The Male Reproductive System 1 Human Physiology/The Male Reproductive System
Human Physiology/The male reproductive system 1 Human Physiology/The male reproductive system ← The endocrine system — Human Physiology — The female reproductive system → Homeostasis — Cells — Integumentary — Nervous — Senses — Muscular — Blood — Cardiovascular — Immune — Urinary — Respiratory — Gastrointestinal — Nutrition — Endocrine — Reproduction (male) — Reproduction (female) — Pregnancy — Genetics — Development — Answers Introduction In simple terms, reproduction is the process by which organisms create descendants. This miracle is a characteristic that all living things have in common and sets them apart from nonliving things. But even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, it is not essential to keeping an individual alive. In human reproduction, two kinds of sex cells or gametes are involved. Sperm, the male gamete, and an egg or ovum, the female gamete must meet in the female reproductive system to create a new individual. For reproduction to occur, both the female and male reproductive systems are essential. While both the female and male reproductive systems are involved with producing, nourishing and transporting either the egg or sperm, they are different in shape and structure. The male has reproductive organs, or genitals, that are both inside and outside the pelvis, while the female has reproductive organs entirely within the pelvis. The male reproductive system consists of the testes and a series of ducts and glands. Sperm are produced in the testes and are transported through the reproductive ducts. These ducts include the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra. The reproductive glands produce secretions that become part of semen, the fluid that is ejaculated from the urethra. These glands include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
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The Cyclist's Vulva
The Cyclist’s Vulva Dr. Chimsom T. Oleka, MD FACOG Board Certified OBGYN Fellowship Trained Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist National Medical Network –USOPC Houston, TX DEPARTMENT NAME DISCLOSURES None [email protected] DEPARTMENT NAME PRONOUNS The use of “female” and “woman” in this talk, as well as in the highlighted studies refer to cis gender females with vulvas DEPARTMENT NAME GOALS To highlight an issue To discuss why this issue matters To inspire future research and exploration To normalize the conversation DEPARTMENT NAME The consensus is that when you first start cycling on your good‐as‐new, unbruised foof, it is going to hurt. After a “breaking‐in” period, the pain‐to‐numbness ratio becomes favourable. As long as you protect against infection, wear padded shorts with a generous layer of chamois cream, no underwear and make regular offerings to the ingrown hair goddess, things are manageable. This is wrong. Hannah Dines British T2 trike rider who competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics DEPARTMENT NAME MY INTRODUCTION TO CYCLING Childhood Adolescence Adult Life DEPARTMENT NAME THE CYCLIST’S VULVA The Issue Vulva Anatomy Vulva Trauma Prevention DEPARTMENT NAME CYCLING HAS POSITIVE BENEFITS Popular Means of Exercise Has gained popularity among Ideal nonimpact women in the past aerobic exercise decade Increases Lowers all cause cardiorespiratory mortality risks fitness DEPARTMENT NAME Hermans TJN, Wijn RPWF, Winkens B, et al. Urogenital and Sexual complaints in female club cyclists‐a cross‐sectional study. J Sex Med 2016 CYCLING ALSO PREDISPOSES TO VULVAR TRAUMA • Significant decreases in pudendal nerve sensory function in women cyclists • Similar to men, women cyclists suffer from compression injuries that compromise normal function of the main neurovascular bundle of the vulva • Buller et al.
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Biomechanical Aspects of Peyronie's Disease in Development Stages And
International Journal of Impotence Research (2002) 14, 389–396 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0955-9930/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijir Biomechanical aspects of Peyronie’s disease in development stages and following reconstructive surgeries A Gefen1*, D Elad1 and J Chen2 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; and 2Department of Urology, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel Peyronie’s disease is a disorder of the penile connective tissues that leads to development of dense fibrous or ossified plaques in the tunica albuginea, causing penile deformity and painful erection. A biomechanical model of the penis was utilized for analyzing the mechanical stresses that develop within its soft tissues during erection in the presence of Peyronie’s plaques. The model’s simulations demonstrated stress concentrations around nerve roots and blood vessels due to the plaques. These stresses may irritate nerve endings or compress the vascular bed, and thus cause penile deformity and=or painful erection. The model was further used to elaborate the effects of different biological or artificial materials for reconstruction of the penis following plaque removal. Clinical applications of the present model can range from analysis of the etiology of the disease to assisting in the determination of optimal timing for therapeutic interventions and in the selection of patch material for penile reconstructions. International Journal of Impotence Research (2002) 14, 389–396. doi:10.1038=sj.ijir.3900866 Keywords: erectile function=dysfunction; numerical model; finite element method; tissue ossification; plaque Introduction stresses and=or structural deformities.
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Scrotal Ultrasound
Scrotal Ultrasound Bruce R. Gilbert, MD, PhD Associate Clinical Professor of Urology & Reproductive Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Director, Reproductive and Sexual Medicine Smith Institute For Urology North Shore LIJ Health System 1 Developmental Anatomy" Testis and Kidney Hindgut Allantois In the 3-week-old embryo the Primordial primordial germ cells in the wall of germ cells the yolk sac close to the attachment of the allantois migrate along the Heart wall of the hindgut and the dorsal Genital Ridge mesentery into the genital ridge. Yolk Sac Hindgut At 5-weeks the two excretory organs the pronephros and mesonephros systems regress Primordial Pronephric system leaving only the mesonephric duct. germ cells (regressing) Mesonephric The metanephros (adult kidney) system forms from the metanephric (regressing) diverticulum (ureteric bud) and metanephric mass of mesoderm. The ureteric bud develops as a dorsal bud of the mesonephric duct Cloaca near its insertion into the cloaca. Mesonephric Duct Mesonephric Duct Ureteric Bud Ureteric Bud Metanephric system Metanephric system 2 Developmental Anatomy" Wolffian and Mullerian DuctMesonephric Duct Under the influence of SRY, cells in the primitive sex cords differentiate into Sertoli cells forming the testis cords during week 7. Gonads Mesonephros It is at puberty that these testis cords (in Paramesonephric association with germ cells) undergo (Mullerian) Duct canalization into seminiferous tubules. Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct At 7 weeks the indifferent embryo also has two parallel pairs of genital ducts: the Mesonephric (Wolffian) and the Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts. Bladder Bladder Mullerian By week 8 the developing fetal testis tubercle produces at least two hormones: Metanephros 1. A glycoprotein (MIS) produced by the Ureter Uterovaginal fetal Sertoli cells (in response to SRY) primordium Rectum which suppresses unilateral development of the Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct 2.
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Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina ��veterinaria-Diccionarios��. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal.
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A C T a T H E R I O L O G I
ACTA THERIOLOGICA VOL. 18, 5: 107—118 BIALOWIE2A April, 1973 Alina KOWALSKA-DYRCZ The Structure of Internal Genital Organs in Zapodidae (Rodentia) |With Plates I & II] Investigations were carried out of histological structure of internal genital organs in four species of Zapodidae. The chief differences have been stated in the structure of gl. coagulantes, gl. bulbo-urethrales, colliculus seminalis, bulbus penis and farther part of the pars spongiosa urethrae in Sicistinae (Sicista) and in Zapodinae (Zapus, Napaeozapus). On the other hand, the structure of reproductive system in Zapodidae (especially in Sicista) is similar to that in Muroidea, this resemblance being particularly distinct in the structure and arrangement of the vesi- culae seminales, gl. coagulantes, gl. prostaticae and even in gl. bulbo- -urethrales. The similarities in the reproductive systems of Zapodidae, Dipodidae, Muroidea and Sciuridae have been discussed. I. INTRODUCTION Philogenetical relationships among rodents are not clear and disputable in many points. Therefore many authors are trying to improve the syste- matics of this group basing it on the structure of some internal organs. These should be the so-called conservative organs which are little de- pendent on the environmental selection. The reproductive system is undoubtly such a one. The attempts to base the systematics of rodents on the structure of the male genital organs have, among others, been undertaken by Vinogradov (1925), Mossman et al. (1932), Ara- t a (1964). The present paper discusses the structure of the male repro- ductive organs in some representatives of the family Zapodidae (superfa- mily Dipodoidea). [1071 108 A. Kowalska-Dyrcz II. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material used for the investigations consisted of genital organs taken from: five sexually mature males of Sicista betulina (Pallas, 1778), two males of Zapus hudsonicus (Z immerman n, 1780), two males of Zapus princeps J.
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The Reproductive System
27 The Reproductive System PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The reproductive system is designed to perpetuate the species • The male produces gametes called sperm cells • The female produces gametes called ova • The joining of a sperm cell and an ovum is fertilization • Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System • Overview of the Male Reproductive System • Testis • Epididymis • Ductus deferens • Ejaculatory duct • Spongy urethra (penile urethra) • Seminal gland • Prostate gland • Bulbo-urethral gland © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 The Male Reproductive System, Part I Pubic symphysis Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Seminal gland Membranous urethra Rectum Corpus cavernosum Prostate gland Corpus spongiosum Spongy urethra Ejaculatory duct Ductus deferens Penis Bulbo-urethral gland Epididymis Anus Testis External urethral orifice Scrotum Sigmoid colon (cut) Rectum Internal urethral orifice Rectus abdominis Prostatic urethra Urinary bladder Prostate gland Pubic symphysis Bristle within ejaculatory duct Membranous urethra Penis Spongy urethra Spongy urethra within corpus spongiosum Bulbospongiosus muscle Corpus cavernosum Ductus deferens Epididymis Scrotum Testis © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System • The Testes • Testes hang inside a pouch called the scrotum, which is on the outside of the body
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell-Seeded Small Intestinal Submucosa for Tunica Albuginea Grafting and Reconstruction
Adipose tissue-derived stem cell-seeded small intestinal submucosa for tunica albuginea grafting and reconstruction Limin Maa,b,1, Yijun Yanga,1, Suresh C. Sikkaa,c, Philip J. Kadowitzc, Louis J. Ignarrod, Asim B. Abdel-Mageeda,c,2, and Wayne J. G. Hellstroma,2,3 Departments of aUrology and cPharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112; bDepartment of Urology, Ninth People’s Hospital Afﬁliated with Medical College of Shanghai, Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China; and dDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Edited by Solomon H. Snyder, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved December 13, 2011 (received for review August 29, 2011) Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been widely used in cell transplantation has been demonstrated in vascular (6) and car- tunica albuginea (TA) reconstructive surgery. Adipose tissue-derived tilage reconstruction (7) and in restoring immune response and stem cells (ADSCs) can repair damaged tissue, augment cellular hematopoiesis (8). In vivo scaffold-based studies further expanded differentiation, and stimulate release of multiple growth factors. the use of MSCs in new bone formation (9). The aim of this rat study was to assess the feasibility of seeding With the development of tissue engineering, cell-seeded acellu- ADSCs onto SIS grafts for TA reconstruction. Here, we demonstrate lar matrix
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Paraffin Granuloma Associated with Buried Glans Penis-Induced Sexual and Voiding Dysfunction
pISSN: 2287-4208 / eISSN: 2287-4690 World J Mens Health 2017 August 35(2): 129-132 https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.2017.35.2.129 Case Report Paraffin Granuloma Associated with Buried Glans Penis-Induced Sexual and Voiding Dysfunction Wonhee Chon1, Ja Yun Koo1, Min Jung Park3, Kyung-Un Choi2, Hyun Jun Park1,3, Nam Cheol Park1,3 Departments of 1Urology and 2Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 3The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea A paraffinoma is a type of inflammatory lipogranuloma that develops after the injection of an artificial mineral oil, such as paraffin or silicon, into the foreskin or the subcutaneous tissue of the penis for the purpose of penis enlargement, cosmetics, or prosthesis. The authors experienced a case of macro-paraffinoma associated with sexual dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and pain caused by a buried glans penis after a paraffin injection for penis enlargement that had been performed 35 years previously. Herein, this case is presented with a literature review. Key Words: Granuloma; Oils; Paraffin; Penis A paraffinoma is a type of inflammatory lipogranuloma because of tuberculous epididymitis [1,3]. that develops after the injection of an artificial mineral oil, However, various types of adverse effects were sub- such as paraffin or silicon, into the foreskin or the subcuta- sequently reported by several investigators, and such pro- neous tissue of the penis for the purpose of penis enlarge- cedures gradually became less common [3-6]. Paraffin in- ment, cosmetics, or prosthesis [1]. In particular, as this pro- jections display outcomes consistent with the purpose of cedure is performed illegally by non-medical personnel in the procedure in early stages, but over time, the foreign an unsterilized environment or with non-medical agents, matter migrates from the primary injection site to nearby cases of adverse effects, such as infection, skin necrosis, tissues or even along the inguinal lymphatic vessel.
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