Action Plan Hamburg
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Supporting electric freight vehicles in Hamburg Tessa Taefi, Tobias Held, Jochen Kreutzfeldt Hamburg j July 2014 Report written within the framework of Activity 7.4 of the Interreg IVB project E-Mobility NSR Preface Dear Reader, Electric vehicles, charged with renewable energy, reduce global and local air pollutant emissions. Fos- tering electro mobility is important to the German federal and local authorities in adhering to the EU climate limit values and goals of the German ’Energiewende’. Urban commercial fleets offer a signifi- cant first market for electric vehicles, as highlighted in the electric mobility pilot regions. Especially in fleets performing road freight transport tasks, electric vehicles are technically suitable, as trips are often recurring and planned ahead. Thus, the scheduling of driving and charging electrical freight vehicles can be well planned. Also for companies who transport freight in urban areas, electric vehicles offer advantages: they decouple transport costs from any potential fuel price increase and can even result in new business opportunities through future regulatory privileges and the vehicle’s sustainable image. Despite these potentials, only about one out of thousand commercial vehicles had a fully electric power-train in Germany on January 1st 2014, according to KBA statistics. Hybrid vehicles play an even smaller role. What actions can Hamburgs government take to support electric vehicles especially in urban freight transport? Which of the measures are most effective to increase the share of freight EVs? Is a financial involvement or are personnel resources necessary, and can the measures be integrated into the overall traffic planning? This report will attempt to provide answers to these questions, by combining expert interviews and case studies. The results are quite interesting since recommended actions go beyond discussing financial subsidies or free parking for EVs. To name a few examples: support structures for electric cargo cycles and appoint- ing companies who offer emission free goods transport for municipal freight requests are beneficial and can be quickly integrated. When looked at over a longer period, electric trucks in city logistic structures are an option to be considered in pilot projects. The study was carried out on behalf of the EU Interreg IVB North Sea Region project ’North Sea Region Electric Mobility Network’. Colleagues in the other countries of the North Sea region shared their ideas with respective reports for metropolitan regions in their countries. We would especially like to thank Prof. Dr. Christine Lacher for the important inputs she provided in the elaboration of this document. We hope this report can serve as a source of inspiration and ideas to enhance the promising efforts the city of Hamburg has already undertaken to foster electric mobility and increase the numbers of electric freight vehicles in Hamburgs - as well as in other cities. July 2014 Hamburg, Germany Contents List of figures . III List of tables . .IV Executive Summary 1 1 Objective and structure 3 1.1 Structure and methodology . .3 1.2 Definitions . .4 2 Analysis of Hamburg’s freight traffic situation 6 2.1 Flourishing Hamburg . .6 2.2 A focus on electro mobility . .6 2.3 The second most congested city . .7 2.4 Up to 36% commercial traffic . .8 2.5 Strongest freight traffic growth . .8 2.6 Main noise contributor: Road traffic . .9 2.7 Exceeding air pollutant limit values . .9 2.8 Carbon dioxide emissions . 10 2.9 Road safety . 11 2.10 Summary . 11 3 Required conditions for deploying electric freight vehicles 14 3.1 Profitable strategies . 14 3.2 Examples of electric freight vehicles in Hamburg . 16 3.3 Electric freight vehicles in Germany and the North Sea region . 18 3.4 Interviews with freight transport companies . 20 3.4.1 Group 1 - Last mile delivery and transport on-own-account . 20 3.4.2 Group 2 - Crafts . 23 3.4.3 Group 3 - Waste management . 26 4 Actions to support deploying electric freight vehicles 28 4.1 Methodology of rating actions . 28 4.2 Non-financial tools: Regulation . 30 4.2.1 Free and privileged parking or loading/unloading facilities . 30 4.2.2 Entry into pedestrian zones beyond delivery windows . 31 4.2.3 Usage of bus lanes . 31 4.2.4 Low emission zone . 32 4.2.5 Zero emission zone . 32 4.2.6 Drivers license . 33 4.2.7 Time or spatial limitations for loud heavy vehicles . 33 4.3 Financial tools . 34 4.3.1 Exemption from vehicle tax . 35 4.3.2 Purchase price subsidy . 35 4.3.3 Electric freight projects . 36 4.3.4 Exemption from city tolls . 36 4.4 Raising awareness . 37 4.4.1 Electric freight vehicles in municipal fleets and services . 37 4.4.2 Green transport label . 38 4.4.3 Information campaigns . 39 4.5 Infrastructure . 39 4.5.1 Quick charging infrastructure on company compounds . 39 4.5.2 Electric cargocycles . 40 4.5.3 Micro consolidation centers . 41 I 4.5.4 Electric vehicles repair and service workshop . 42 4.6 Summary of actions to increase the freight electric vehicles share in Hamburg . 43 5 Rating and suggested actions to increase the share of electric freight vehicles 45 5.1 Recommended actions . 46 5.2 Actions to test in pilot projects . 49 5.3 Excluded measures . 50 5.4 Summary . 51 Bibliography 53 A Appendix 57 A.1 Available electric freight vehicles . 57 A.2 Amsterdam: Executive summary . 60 A.3 Copenhagen: Executive summary . 62 List of Figures 1.1 Overview of the research process . .3 1.2 Number of commercial and hybrid EVs in Germany . .4 1.3 Segments of urban commercial traffic . .5 2.1 Hamburg in numbers . .6 2.2 Distribution of commercial vehicles per weight class in Hamburg . .6 2.3 Percentage of electric vehicles of licensed vehicle stock, Hamburg and Germany 20147 2.4 Exemplary average annual NO2 imssions in 2012 . .9 2.5 Average share of NOx emissions by vehicle class in Hamburg . 10 2.6 CO2 emissions of Hamburg’s traffic 2010 in Megatons . 10 3.1 Identified concepts to improve profitability of freight EVs . 14 3.2 Distribution of freight EVs in Hamburg’s companies by end-2013 . 16 3.3 Costs per ton payload of diesel, electrical and hybrid waste collection trucks . 27 4.1 Comparison of annual mileage to reach profitable operation compared to conventional vehicles . 28 4.2 Portfolio of rated actions to increase freight EVs share in Hamburg . 44 III List of Tables 2.1 Comparison of the potential of freight EVs with Hamburg’s administrative electro mo- bility focus . 12 3.1 Examples of freight electric vehicles in Hamburg, data from Dec. 2013 . 17 3.2 Number of freight vehicles identified in freight EV case studies . 19 3.3 Profile of interviewed companies in group 1 - ’last mile delivery and transport on-own- account’ . 20 3.4 Measures to rank - group 1 ’Last mile delivery and transport on-own-account’ . 21 3.5 Ranking of preferences, group 1 ’Last Mile Delivery’ . 21 3.6 Additional supportive measures desired by electric vehicles users of group 1 ’last mile delivery and transport on-own-account’ . 22 3.7 Desired measures to support EVs - group 2 ’Crafts’ . 23 3.8 Profile of interviewed companies in group 2 - ’Crafts’ . 24 3.9 Measures to rank - group 2 ’Crafts’ . 25 3.10 Ranking of preferences, group 2 - ’Crafts’ . 25 3.11 Comparison of waste collection trucks . 26 4.1 Overview of expert rating of actions . 43 5.1 Ranking of recommendations . 45 5.2 Overview of ranking of actions . 46 A.1 Overview of available small and light electric freight vehicles . 57 A.2 Overview of available electric freight vans and trucks . 58 A.3 Conversion companies . 59 IV Executive Summary The goal of this report is to summarize and pri- emissions of freight traffic. oritize which actions Hamburgs government could Thirdly, Hamburg is the second most congested take, in order to increase the share of electric city in Germany, and the 9th most congested freight vehicles. This document is a result of the in Europe (TomTom, 2013). While replacing a EU-Interreg Project ”North Sea Region Electric conventional truck by its electrical sibling would Mobility Network” (E-mobility NSR). Two similar not reduce the congestion, new delivery concepts reports have been compiled by project partners for emerging due to the new EV technology possibly the cities of Copenhagen and Amsterdam, see their could have a positive impact. On the one hand, executive summaries in the appendix of this report. small, light EVs such as electric quads, scooters and cargobikes need less space for on the road and Trade, transport, and logistics once layed the foun- for parking. On the other hand, freight EVs are a dation to Hamburgs wealth in medieval times. To- door opener to discuss modern logistics concepts, day, transport continues to be an essential sector such as night time delivery or freight bundling. to the city: due to its favorable geographic posi- tion, Hamburg is the main hub for trade and traffic In order to reduce the negative impact of traffic, in Northern Europe (Löffler and Sye, 2010). Trans- Hamburg is already a strong supporter of elec- port accounts.