Beyond Doubt Page 1 CONTENTS
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By Len Hendershott 2014 Beyond Doubt Page 1 CONTENTS Research Note ........................................................................................ 5 Beyond Doubt ......................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 - Origins and Context ............................................................. 9 Roots ................................................................................................. 11 Jacob Hendershott and Charity Horning ...................................... 12 Welters ......................................................................................... 13 Elgin County .................................................................................. 14 St. Thomas .................................................................................... 17 Middlemarch ................................................................................ 20 St. Thomas Police Department ..................................................... 23 Victim and Perpetrators ................................................................... 26 The Lamb - William Henry Hendershott ....................................... 26 The Wolf - William David Welter .................................................. 28 The Fox - John Aaron Hendershott ............................................... 29 Life Insurance in 1890 Ontario ......................................................... 34 Inspiration for Murder .................................................................. 39 Chapter 2 - The Death of Will Hendershott .......................................... 42 The Inquest ................................................................................... 45 The Accident ................................................................................. 47 There's A Hole in the Story. .......................................................... 49 OPP Detective John Wilson Murray.............................................. 50 John Aaron Hendershott is Implicated ......................................... 53 Preliminary Hearing .......................................................................... 57 Norman Macdonald ...................................................................... 59 Chapter 3 - The Trial of Welter & Hendershott .................................... 63 The Weight of Justice ....................................................................... 65 Presumption of Innocence ........................................................... 67 Beyond Doubt Page 2 Reasonable Doubt ........................................................................ 68 Circumstantial Evidence ............................................................... 69 Participants ....................................................................................... 71 “The Chief” - Justice William Ralph Meredith ............................. 71 Crown Attorney Britton Bath Osler .............................................. 75 Barristers Norman Macdonald & John A Robinson ...................... 78 Court Session - March 7 - 15, 1895................................................... 82 Cause of Death ............................................................................. 84 Wardell's Woods ........................................................................... 89 What Killed Will Hendershott ....................................................... 94 Where Did All the Axes Go?.......................................................... 95 Follow the Insurance .................................................................... 97 Watch the Watches .................................................................... 101 Will Hendershott's Trunk ............................................................ 104 John A Hendershott's Alibi......................................................... 105 Rendezvous at the Penwarden House ....................................... 109 Two Versions .................................................................................. 111 Dual Murderers .......................................................................... 111 St. Thomas Daily Times Version .................................................. 115 Notes From the Trials ..................................................................... 119 So Much Insurance ..................................................................... 119 Greed Runs in the Family ............................................................ 120 Charles Welter's Involvement .................................................... 124 They Protest Too Much - The Sweet Mary Lily ........................... 126 A Different Relationship ............................................................. 128 Possible Accomplices - After the Fact ......................................... 129 The Plan Comes Unravelled ............................................................ 131 Changing Sentiments .................................................................. 135 Verdict ........................................................................................ 140 Beyond Doubt Page 3 Chapter 4 - Trying to Escape the Gallows ........................................... 143 Welter's Confession .................................................................... 143 Lily Looses Her Appeal ................................................................ 146 Chapter 5 – Dead End ......................................................................... 148 John Robert Radclive - The Executioner ..................................... 150 The Hanging ................................................................................ 154 Confessions ................................................................................. 157 The Insurance Payouts ................................................................ 159 Chapter 6 - Epilogue ........................................................................... 160 Re-internment ................................................................................ 160 Mary Lily and Rosa Hendershott .................................................... 162 The Death of Norman Macdonald .................................................. 164 Impact of Hanging as a Form of Execution ..................................... 165 Appendeces ........................................................................................ 167 Depositions ..................................................................................... 167 Deposition of William David Welter ........................................... 167 Deposition of John Aaron Hendershott ...................................... 175 The Middlemarch Mystery ............................................................. 180 – Excerpt from Memoirs of a Great Detective ............................... 180 Chronology of Events ...................................................................... 185 Cast ................................................................................................. 195 Crime .......................................................................................... 195 Investigation ............................................................................... 196 Inquest Jury List .......................................................................... 197 Trials - Witness List ..................................................................... 198 Ottawa intervention ................................................................... 215 Execution .................................................................................... 216 Beyond Doubt Page 4 RESEARCH NOTE There was a great deal of press coverage of the arrest, trial and execution of Hendershott and Welter. There are frequent references to these newspaper articles. Beyond these scattered items, there are four primary sources of material cited in this book. First, the Garton Scrapbook is a collection of news clippings at the St. Thomas Public Library covering the period bounding the murder and trial. There are about twenty-five pages devoted to the coverage. For more information see http://www.elginogs.ca/Home/ancestor-indexes/online-publications/garton-2 . Second, the preliminary (magistrate's) trial manuscripts are held in the Elgin County Historical Board at their archives on Sunset Drive, south of St Thomas. They consist of over a thousand pages of testimony between January 4 and 11, 1895. Third, a synopsis of the murder and trial was written in 1945 by Edwin C. Guillett. It is titled "Famous Canadian Trials: Easy Money: a study of the evidence in the Queen versus John Hendershott and William David Welter for the murder of William Henry Hendershott, 1894-1895". The copy that I inspected was located at the Toronto Reference Library, though there are copies also available at Osgoode Law Library and York University in Toronto. Fourth, John Wilson Murray provides an account of his involvement in the case in Memoirs of a Great Detective. The chapter titled "The Middlemarch Mystery" is devoted to the Hendershott-Welter case. Name References: In discussing the people involved the victim, William Henry Hendershott, is refered to as "Will", the name he was known by. The murderer, William David Welter, was also usually referred to as Will, though Guillet cited him as "Dave", his middle name. He will be called William to distinguish him from the victim. Lastly, the accomplice, or second murderer depending on the version of events,