DOCSLIB.ORG

Suberitidae (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) From

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Suberitidae (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) From Beaufortia INSTITUTE OF TAXONOMIC ZOOLOGY (ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM) UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM Vol. 43 no. 11 December 31, 1993 Suberitidae (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the North Aegean Sea EleniVoultsiadou-Koukoura.*& Rob W. M. van Soest** *Department University ofThessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece **Institute of Taxonomic (Zoological Museum), University ofAmsterdam, P.O.Box 94766, 1090 GTAmsterdam, TheNetherlands Keywords: Sponges, Hadromerida, Suberitidae, North Aegean Sea Abstract Sampling in the North Aegean Sea yielded nine species of the family Suberitidae, four of which, Pseudosuberites sulphureus, P. Suberiles for the fauna ofthe Eastern and three hyalinus, ficus and S. syringella, are new Mediterranean, more, S. carnosus, S. and S. records for the fauna of the Sea. For each of the nine the domuncula, massa, are new Aegean species comments on systematics, as well as geographical and ecological informationis given. A redescription is given of the littleknown species Suberites massa Nardo. A review ofthe distributionof all Mediterranean Suberitidae is also presented, in which it is con- in materialhave been from the Eastern cluded that a further three species not represented our reported Mediterranean, and P. the viz. Laxosuberites ectyoninus, Prosuberites longispina, epiphytum. Six suberitids reported from other parts of Mediterra- nean so far have not been found in the Eastern Mediterranean. INTRODUCTION siadou-Koukoura, et al. 1991; Voultsiadou- Koukoura & Van Soest 1991a,b; Voultsiadou- of Eastern Mediterranean is Koukoura & the results of the Knowledge sponges Koukouras, 1993), that of other of the Med- have been and are poor compared to parts sponge collecting being re- iterranean Van 1994: Recent several science and (cf. Soest, Fig. 2). ported; species new to appar- collecting activities in the North Aegean Sea ently endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean been of have been described. have organized especially for the purpose of The increasing this knowledge, and thus enabling present paper deals with the Hadromerid Eastern Suberitidae. five more firmly based conclusions on alleged family Thusfar, only species of Mediterranean endemism and generally low di- this family were reported from Greek waters: In Voult- versity. an ongoing series of papers (e.g. Rhizaxinella pyrifera (Delia Chiaje), Terpios fugax 176 & Duch. Mich., Laxosuberites ectyoninus Topsent, fined a separate family Polymastiidae as having Prosuberites longispina Topsent and P. epiphytum a differentiated cortex and a radiating skeleton). (Lamarck). From other Eastern Mediterranean Lévi "Hadromerida (1973): ... without digitate localities also Suberites domuncula (Olivi) (Sea of papillae. The skeleton, often confused in the in- S. Marmara and Black Sea), carnosus (Johnston) terior, is generally radiating at the periphery." Nardo (Suez Canal) and S.massa (Sea of Marma- (translated from French) (Lévi defined a separate ra) were recorded. family Polymastiidae as having "...generally two The of this is three of ...with purpose paper to give new syste- or categories tylostyles; digitate matic, ecological and zoogeographical informa- erect papillae..."). the the and of the tion on Suberitidae of Aegean Sea Bergquist (1978): "...radial arrangement more generally of the Eastern Mediterranean, as skeleton is evident only at the surface. The spi- of of have in the well as an account the distribution the spe- cules confused orientation deeper re- in in cies belonging to this family the Mediterrane- gions of the sponges, but a few cases may as- an. sume a loose axial orientation." (Bergquist defin- ed a separate family Polymastiidae as having MATERIALAND METHODS "..tylostyles... always divisible into two or three clear size Microscleres but categories. are rare, A total of 105 specimens were examined, collect- acanthose micro-oxeas can be present. The ed from various localities in the North Aegean ...body with erect oscular and pore-bearing papil- Sea. Sampling was made by SCUBA diving, lae is characteristic for the family"). fishing nets, dredges and grabs, in depths from 3 Hartman (1982) follows Bergquist's definition to about 150 m. The examined material is de- closely, but assigns spined centrotylote diactinal posited in the Museum of the Department of Zo- "microscleres" to the suberitids instead of to the ology, University of Thessaloniki and partly in polymastiids. the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. By comparing the various definitions of the fami- SYSTEMATIC REMARKS AND DESCRIP- ly Suberitidae, there are few definite characters TIONS by which it can be identified without referring to the Polymastiidae: Suberitidae do not have pa- Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 pillae (but some Polymastiidae such as certain Aaptos species, also lack them, while other non- Remarks on the definition of the family, includ- polymastiid Hadromerids, like Cliona, sometimes brief of its and its distinct- have there should be cortical ing a survey history, papillae), no spe- from is ness the closely related family Polymastii- cialization (but it as yet unclear to which ex- Suberiti- in other than dae Gray, 1867, which shares with the tent that exists genera Polymastia) dae the absence of aster- or streptaster micro- and no clear megasclere size categories are al- scleres: lowed (but Suberites species frequently have a " Schmidt (1870): without special cortical clearly smaller tylostyle size in the peripheral The character all authors structures.... spicules in confusion or in reticulate bouquets). only agree directed is the confused of the choanosomal tracts.... spicules in the periphery out- upon nature wards..." from in- however the skeletons of (translated German) (Schmidt skeleton; e.g. Rhizaxinella of Suberites described be- cludes Radiella and part of the Polymastia species, spp., and also that massa in axial which are now grouped in the family Polymastii- low, are well organized an skeleton of dae ). aligned larger tylostyles and an extra-axial skele- Topsent (1900): "Clavulida normally without ton of radiating bundles of smaller tylostyles. We differentiated radiat- with that the Sube- microscleres; no cortex; no agree Boury-Esnault (1987) in ing skeleton. Megascleres almost constantly ty- ritidae-Polymastiidae are need of a critical re- lostyles." (translated from French) (Topsent de- vision. 177 The following nine suberitid species, belonging to thors) that the Mediterranean and North Atlan- four found in the collected material: tic of the genera were specimens present species are conspecif- ic with the South Atlantic ones remains to be Genus Pseudosuberites Topsent, 1893 demonstrated. Several specimens described from the Mediterranean have considerably smaller spi- Suberitidae with tangential Halichondria-like de- cules than the maximum given by Ridley & tachable ectosomal skeleton, covering large sub- Dendy (1100 by 25 pm) and Topsent (1900) dermal spaces; choanomal skeleton also a Hali- (1200 by 26 pm), viz. Vacelet (1969): 660 by 22 chondria-like On confused mass of tylostyles (re- pm, Pulitzer-Finali (1983): 810 by 17 pm. the phrased after Topsent, 1900). other hand, specimens described by Uriz (1988) from deep water off Namibia, show considerably Pseudosuberites sulphureus (Bowerbank, bigger spicules (up to 2030 pm ). 1866) Genus Terpios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Suberanthusflavus;Von Lendenfeld, 1896: 144, pl. V, VII, XII (not: Halichondriaflava Lieberkiihn, 1859). "Thinly encrusting Suberitidae with gelatinous choanosome containing small tylostyles in disor- Two specimens were collected on the coast of the derly arrangement" (Topsent, 1900)(translated Sithonia Peninsula (Singitikos Bay), at a depth of from French). 4 attached coral Cladocora Remark: There has been m, to a colony of the a tendency among au- thors - - confine caespitosa. The morphology and skeletal structure probably unwarranted to the use conform to Topsent's (1900) description; tylos- of Terpios to thinly encrusting suberitids with measured 300-500 4-12 De tyles x (im. poly-lobate tylostyle heads (cf. Laubenfels, in in The species was not previously found the 1936:152), order to avoid confusion with Pro- Eastern Mediterranean, but it has been widely suberites (encrusting Suberitidae with tylostyles in the with reported elsewhere, both the Mediterranean erect on substrate points outward), and (e.g. Topsent, 1925; Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) and Laxosuberites (encrusting or massive Suberitidae on the Eastern Atlantic coasts (e.g. Topsent, with the tylostyles arranged in radiating tracts P. be confused with P. mollis in surface defined 1900). sulphureus may ending bouquets) (both as by Topsent (1925, 1934); the spiculeso f this West- Topsent, 1900). However, Terpios, Prosuberites and Mediterranean Laxosuberites characters in various ern species, however, are appre- seem to occur ciably smaller and thinner (up to 365 by 8 pm). combinations in different species. For example the Indo-West Pacific species “Suberites” cruciatus Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, Dendy has the quadrilobate tylostyle-heads of 1887) Terpios combined with a Laxosuberites architec- A ture. revision of encrusting suberitids might re- Six in veal specimens were collected Thermaikos and that the differences between these "genera" and off Pagasitikos Bays the coasts of Lesbos Is- are artificial. of 60 - 150 rocks and land, at depths m, on co- ralligenous substrates. The morphology and skel- Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, etal structure conform to Topsent's (1900) 1864 descriptions; the fusiform tylostyles
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • TEXT-BOOKS of ANIMAL BIOLOGY a General Zoology of The
    TEXT-BOOKS OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY * Edited by JULIAN S. HUXLEY, F.R.S. A General Zoology of the Invertebrates by G. S. Carter Vertebrate Zoology by G. R. de Beer Comparative Physiology by L. T. Hogben Animal Ecology by Challes Elton Life in Inland Waters by Kathleen Carpenter The Development of Sex in Vertebrates by F. W. Rogers Brambell * Edited by H. MUNRO Fox, F.R.S. Animal Evolution / by G. S. Carter Zoogeography of the Land and Inland Waters by L. F. de Beaufort Parasitism and Symbiosis by M. Caullery PARASITISM AND ~SYMBIOSIS BY MAURICE CAULLERY Translated by Averil M. Lysaght, M.Sc., Ph.D. SIDGWICK AND JACKSON LIMITED LONDON First Published 1952 !.lADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LlMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION xi CHAPTER I Commensalism Introduction-commensalism in marine animals-fishes and sea anemones-associations on coral reefs-widespread nature of these relationships-hermit crabs and their associates CHAPTER II Commensalism in Terrestrial Animals Commensals of ants and termites-morphological modifications in symphiles-ants.and slavery-myrmecophilous plants . 16 CHAPTER III From Commensalism to Inquilinism and Parasitism Inquilinism-epizoites-intermittent parasites-general nature of modifications produced by parasitism 30 CHAPTER IV Adaptations to Parasitism in Annelids and Molluscs Polychates-molluscs; lamellibranchs; gastropods 40 CHAPTER V Adaptation to Parasitism in the Crustacea Isopoda-families of Epicarida-Rhizocephala-Ascothoracica
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
    Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Dispersal Mechanism of a Coral-Threatening Sponge, Terpios Hoshinota (Suberitidae, Porifera)
    A Novel Dispersal Mechanism of a Coral-Threatening Sponge, Terpios hoshinota (Suberitidae, Porifera) Keryea Soong1,*, Sun-Lin Yang1, and Chaolun Allen Chen2 1Institute of Marine Biology and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 2Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, and Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (Accepted April 10, 2009) Terpios hoshinota, a blackish encrusting cyanobacteriosponge, is known to overgrow and kill a wide range of stony coral hosts, mostly on Pacific reefs (Bryan 1973, Plucer-Rosario 1987, Rützler and Muzik 1993). An outbreak of the sponge occurred in 2008 at Green I. (22°39'N, 121°29'E), off the southeastern coast of Taiwan, where up to 30% of coral colonies were infected on certain reefs within a couple of years of its first discovery (Liao et al. 2007). In a test of methods to stop the sponge from expanding, we used dark plastic sheets (10 x 10 cm), with transparent ones as controls, to cover the advancing sponge fronts without touching the substrate corals. The idea was to block the sunlight needed by the symbiotic cyanobacteria for growth. The shading caused the coral hosts to bleach and most of the sponges to stop advancing. But, in some cases within 2 wk, the sponges had extended thin tissue threads which crossed the shaded and presumably uninhabitable area under the dark plates. Once reaching light on the other side of the dark plate, the sponge thread quickly expanded in area and resumed normal growth (Fig. 1A). The capability to cross unsuitable habitats with pioneering tissue obviously enables the sponge to overgrow new coral surfaces and infect separate colonies in the neighborhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes
    Appendix: Some important early collections of West Indian type specimens, with historical notes Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 between 1841 and 1864, we gain additional information concerning the sponge memoir, starting with the letter dated 8 May 1855. Jacob Gysbert Samuel van Breda A biography of Placide Duchassaing de Fonbressin was (1788-1867) was professor of botany in Franeker (Hol­ published by his friend Sagot (1873). Although an aristo­ land), of botany and zoology in Gent (Belgium), and crat by birth, as we learn from Michelotti's last extant then of zoology and geology in Leyden. Later he went to letter to van Breda, Duchassaing did not add de Fon­ Haarlem, where he was secretary of the Hollandsche bressin to his name until 1864. Duchassaing was born Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, curator of its cabinet around 1819 on Guadeloupe, in a French-Creole family of natural history, and director of Teyler's Museum of of planters. He was sent to school in Paris, first to the minerals, fossils and physical instruments. Van Breda Lycee Louis-le-Grand, then to University. He finished traveled extensively in Europe collecting fossils, especial­ his studies in 1844 with a doctorate in medicine and two ly in Italy. Michelotti exchanged collections of fossils additional theses in geology and zoology. He then settled with him over a long period of time, and was received as on Guadeloupe as physician. Because of social unrest foreign member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der after the freeing of native labor, he left Guadeloupe W etenschappen in 1842. The two chief papers of Miche­ around 1848, and visited several islands of the Antilles lotti on fossils were published by the Hollandsche Maat­ (notably Nevis, Sint Eustatius, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Examples of Sea Sponges
    Examples Of Sea Sponges Startling Amadeus burlesques her snobbishness so fully that Vaughan structured very cognisably. Freddy is ectypal and stenciling unsocially while epithelial Zippy forces and inflict. Monopolistic Porter sailplanes her honeymooners so incorruptibly that Sutton recirculates very thereon. True only on water leaves, sea of these are animals Yellow like Sponge Oceana. Deeper dives into different aspects of these glassy skeletons are ongoing according to. Sponges theoutershores. Cell types epidermal cells form outer covering amoeboid cells wander around make spicules. Check how These Beautiful Pictures of Different Types of. To be optimal for bathing, increasing with examples of brooding forms tan ct et al ratios derived from other microscopic plants from synthetic sponges belong to the university. What is those natural marine sponge? Different types of sponges come under different price points and loss different uses in. Global Diversity of Sponges Porifera NCBI NIH. Sponges EnchantedLearningcom. They publish the outer shape of rubber sponge 1 Some examples of sponges are Sea SpongeTube SpongeVase Sponge or Sponge Painted. Learn facts about the Porifera or Sea Sponges with our this Easy mountain for Kids. What claim a course Sponge Acme Sponge Company. BG Silicon isotopes of this sea sponges new insights into. Sponges come across an incredible summary of colors and an amazing array of shapes. 5 Fascinating Types of what Sponge Leisure Pro. Sea sponges often a tube-like bodies with his tiny pores. Sponges The World's Simplest Multi-Cellular Creatures. Sponges are food of various nudbranchs sea stars and fish. Examples of sponges Answers Answerscom. Sponges info and games Sheppard Software.
    [Show full text]
  • A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
    marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
    Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida).
    [Show full text]
  • Crabs and Their Relatives of British Columbia by Josephine Hart 1984 British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook 40
    Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia by Josephine Hart 1984 British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook 40. Victoria, British Columbia. 267 pp. Extracted from the publication (now out of print) SECTION MACRURA Superfamily Thalassinidea Key to Families 1. Shrimp-like. Integument soft and pleura on abdomen large. Live in burrows……………………………………………………………………………..……….……Axiidae 1. Shrimp-like. Integument soft and pleura small. Live in burrows………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 2. Rostrum distinct, ridged and setose. Eyestalks cylindrical and cornea terminal. Chelipeds subchelate and subequal…………………………………………………………………….Upogebiidae 2. Rostrum minute and smooth. Eyestalks flattened with mid-dorsal corneal pigment or cylindrical without dark pigment. Chelipeds chelate and unequal in size and shape.......Callianassidae Family AXIIDAE The thin-shelled shrimp-like animals in this family are all burrowers and are found from shallow subtidal habitats to great depths. Recently Pemberton, Risk and Buckley (1976) determined that one species found off Nova Scotia makes burrows more than 2.5 m into the substrate. Obviously in abyssal regions the collection of these animals under such circumstances in particularly haphazard. Thus the number of specimens obtained is few and often these are damaged. Four species of this family are known to occur in the waters off British Columbia. All have one or two small hollow knobs of apparently unknown function on the mid-dorsal ridge of the carapace. These species have been assigned to the genera Axiopsis, Calastacus and Calocaris. The definitions of these genera were made when few species had been studied and recent discoveries indicate that the criteria used are not satisfactory. New genera will have to be created and the taxonomy of the Family revised.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unique Skeleton of Siliceous Sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) That Evolved first from the Urmetazoa During the Proterozoic: a Review
    Biogeosciences, 4, 219–232, 2007 www.biogeosciences.net/4/219/2007/ Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. The unique skeleton of siliceous sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) that evolved first from the Urmetazoa during the Proterozoic: a review W. E. G. Muller¨ 1, Jinhe Li2, H. C. Schroder¨ 1, Li Qiao3, and Xiaohong Wang4 1Institut fur¨ Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany 2Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, P. R. China 3Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China 4National Research Center for Geoanalysis, 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie, 100037 Beijing, P. R. China Received: 8 January 2007 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 6 February 2007 Revised: 10 April 2007 – Accepted: 20 April 2007 – Published: 3 May 2007 Abstract. Sponges (phylum Porifera) had been considered an axial filament which harbors the silicatein. After intracel- as an enigmatic phylum, prior to the analysis of their genetic lular formation of the first lamella around the channel and repertoire/tool kit. Already with the isolation of the first ad- the subsequent extracellular apposition of further lamellae hesion molecule, galectin, it became clear that the sequences the spicules are completed in a net formed of collagen fibers. of sponge cell surface receptors and of molecules forming the The data summarized here substantiate that with the find- intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered by them, ing of silicatein a new aera in the field of bio/inorganic chem- share high similarity with those identified in other metazoan istry started.
    [Show full text]
  • The Associates of Four Species of Marine Sponges of Oregon and Washington Abstract Approved Redacted for Privacy (Ivan Pratt, Major Professor)
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Edward Ray Long for the M. S. in Zoology (Name) (Degree) (Major) /.,, Date thesis presented ://,/,(//i $» I Ì Ì Title The Associates of Four Species of Marine Sponges of Oregon and Washington Abstract approved Redacted for Privacy (Ivan Pratt, Major Professor) Four species of sponge from the coasts of Oregon and Wash- ington were studied and dissected for inhabitants and associates. All four species differed in texture, composition, and habitat, and likewise, the populations of associates of each species differed, even when samples of two of these species were found adjacent to one another. Generally, the relationships of the associates to the host sponges were of four sorts: 1. Inquilinism or lodging, either accidental or intentional; 2. Predation or grazing; 3. Competition for space resulting in "cohabitation" of an area, i, e. a plant or animal growing up through a sponge; and 4. Mutualism. Fish eggs in the hollow chambers of Homaxinella sp. represented a case of fish -in- sponge inqilinism, which is the first such one reported in the Pacific Ocean and in this sponge. The sponge Halichondria panicea, with an intracellular algal symbiont, was found to emit an attractant into the water, which Archidoris montereyensis followed in behavior experiments in preference to other sponges simultane- ously offered. A total of 6098 organisms, representing 68 species, were found associated with the specimens of Halichondria panic ea with densities of up to 19 organisms per cubic centimeter of sponge tissue. There were 9581 plants and animals found with Microciona prolifera, and 150 with Suberites lata.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Report on the Turtle Awareness and Protection Studies
    MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, HONDURAS ACTIVITIES OF THE TURTLE AWARENESS AND PROTECTIVE STUDIES (TAPS) PROGRAM, PROTECTIVE TURTLE ECOLOGY CENTER FOR TRAINING, OUTREACH, AND RESEARCH, INC. (ProTECTOR) IN ROATAN, HONDURAS 2007 – 2008 ANNUAL REPORT JANUARY 15, 2009 ACTIVITIES OF THE TURTLE AWARENESS AND PROTECTION STUDIES (TAPS) PROGRAM UNDER THE PROTECTIVE TURTLE ECOLOGY CENTER FOR TRAINING, OUTREACH, AND RESEARCH, INC (ProTECTOR) IN ROATÁN, HONDURAS ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 2007 – 2008 SEASON Principal Investigator: Stephen G. Dunbar1,2,4 Co-Principal Investigator: Lidia Salinas2,3 Co-Principal Investigator: Melissa D. Berube2,4 1President, Protective Turtle Ecology center for Training, Outreach, and Research, Inc. (ProTECTOR), 2569 Topanga Way, Colton, CA 92324, USA 2 Turtle Awareness and Protection Studies (TAPS) Program, Oak Ridge, Roatán, Honduras 3Country Coordinator, Protective Turtle Ecology center for Training, Outreach, and Research, Inc. (ProTECTOR), Tegucigalpa, Honduras 4Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA PREFACE This report represents the ongoing work of the Protective Turtle Ecology center for Training, Outreach, and Research, Inc. (ProTECTOR) in the Bay Islands of Honduras. The report covers activities of ProTECTOR up to and including the 2008 calendar year and is provided in partial fulfillment of the permit agreement provided to ProTECTOR from 2006 to the end of 2008 by the Secretariat for Agriculture and Ranching (SAG). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ProTECTOR and TAPS recognize that without the financial and logistical assistance of the “Escuela de Buceo Reef House,” this project would not have been initiated. We thank the owners and staff of that facility for their interest in sea turtle conservation and their invaluable efforts on behalf of the sea turtles of Honduras.
    [Show full text]