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Understanding Natural Capital and Flood Resilience in Bangladesh

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Understanding Natural Capital and Flood Resilience in Bangladesh Understanding Natural Capital and Flood Resilience in Bangladesh Understanding Natural Capital and Flood Resilience in Bangladesh Lessons from the FRMC – August 2020 Richard Bold, Disaster Risk Reduction Advisor, Concern Worldwide 1 Understanding Natural Capital and Flood Resilience in Bangladesh Table of Contents Key Findings.................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 The key aspects raised in this report ........................................................................................................................ 4 How to work with Natural Capital in the FRMC ......................................................................................................... 7 Credits ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Background to the programme ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Rationale for a more in-depth natural capital assessment ........................................................................................ 9 Topography ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 Site Selection .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Description of Gaibandha District ...................................................................................................................... 11 Description of Lalmonirhat District ..................................................................................................................... 14 Bangladesh flood characterisation ..................................................................................................................... 17 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Natural Capital Assessments ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 Natural Capital Clusters .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Natural Capital Units (NCU) in the environments ................................................................................................... 28 Natural capital and flooding interactions ................................................................................................................. 33 Clusters and flood flow regimes .............................................................................................................................. 42 Key Points .............................................................................................................................................................. 44 Community engagement with the FRMC and Natural Capital ..................................................................................... 45 Community Feedback Process ............................................................................................................................... 45 Community Perceptions.......................................................................................................................................... 46 Key learning ................................................................................................................................................................ 46 Role of Natural Capital in flood management ......................................................................................................... 46 Flood Decision-Making ........................................................................................................................................... 47 Guidance for Alliance projects in addressing natural capital in the FRMC .................................................................. 48 Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Captions for photos on front cover, clockwise from top left: (1) Netted small pond beside banana trees, crop filed, famed vegetation and bamboo thickets beside local houses, Dhubni village, Singimari Union, Hatibanda, Lalmonirhat, 2019. (2) Taros growing by a drying pond with little remaining discoloured water, Purbo Dauabari village, Dauabari Union, Hatibanda, Lalmonirhat 2019. (3) Ducks swimming in a communal village pond, with litter visible, Kani Charitabari village, Haripur Union, Sundarganj, Gaibandha, 2019. (4) Makeshift wooden bridge on a dried canal, linking two villages, Kani Charitabari village, Haripur Union, Sundarganj, Gaibandha, 2019. All photos taken by K.A. Shahed, eSolve International. 2 Understanding Natural Capital and Flood Resilience in Bangladesh Key Findings This report shares the findings from the Natural Capital assessment work carried out to date by Concern as part of its contribution to the Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance programming in Bangladesh to apply the Flood Resilience Measurement Framework to support community-based pre-event flood resilience. This work was carried out with the support of eSolve consultancy services and the raw data and maps supporting this report are drawn from eSolve findings in the communities in which Concern is working. The principal learning points arising from this research project fall into the following categories: Relevance of the flooding environment to the community’s experience of flooding. The assessment of natural capital suggest that communities do not associate natural capital to a role in flood management, but experience natural capital in relation only to productive livelihoods. Land elevation is significant in relation to the experience of severe flooding, while the interactions between land use, land elevation, natural capital and flooding intensity is important to understand. Upstream and downstream interactions can affect flood control options. The natural capital work did not present solutions, but indicated that approaches to modify flooding in one location could have significant unexpected consequences for downstream locations. This is to be assessed in the project in relation to natural capital clusters. Business as Usual is not working. The continued use of natural capital for the use of productive livelihoods is no longer a viable solution, while land geared to cultivation and livestock introduces its own challenges in relation to flood control management. While conventional approaches to water flow management are too expensive, such as dredging, embankments and revetments, this points to the need for a more balanced and nuanced approach looking at the relative values of green, blue and grey infrastructure to assist in community based pre-event flood resilience. Building innovative solutions, the FRMC is leading to new solutions to address the problems in flooding, such as Natural Capital Community Clusters and new insights into land use management practices, such as seasonal planting in dry riverbeds (Nala). Need for a coherent natural capital strategy. The FRMC asks the question whether natural capital solutions are appropriate and are of the right combination of green, blue and grey to address flooding risk, this assessment should be based on a clear natural capital management strategy. Executive Summary This report is a key output from the Concern Bangladesh implemented flood resilience project, which is part of the Z- Zurich Foundation funded Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance (ZFRA or The Alliance); this is a multi-year global interdisciplinary collaboration of nine member organisations from the private sector, international development and humanitarian sectors, and academia. The Alliance focuses on finding practical ways to help communities strengthen their resilience to floods – and save lives. As part of this global initiative, Concern is implementing the Zurich Flood Resilience Project (ZFRP) in 22 flood-vulnerable communities from two Districts located on the floodplains of the Jamuna and Teesta Rivers in Bangladesh. The ZFRP is currently in Phase 2 of building a measurement approach for resilience in communities vulnerable to the risk of flooding, which was piloted in Phase 1. The approach views flood resilience through the lenses of five capitals (5Cs from the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework) and the 4Rs1, built into the Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities tool (FRMC) as the input into the framework. The intention behind this approach is via community-led assessments
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