Mount Sidley 4,285M / 14,058Ft
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Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state. -
The American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition Are Vinson Massif (1), Mount Shinn (2), Mount Tyree (3), and Mount Gardner (4)
.' S S \ Ilk 'fr 5 5 1• -Wqx•x"]1Z1"Uavy"fx{"]1Z1"Nnxuxprlau"Zu{vny. Oblique aerial photographic view of part of the Sentinel Range. Four of the mountains climbed by the American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition are Vinson Massif (1), Mount Shinn (2), Mount Tyree (3), and Mount Gardner (4). Mount Os- tenso and Long Gables, also climbed, are among the peaks farther north. tica. Although tentative plans were made to answer The American Antarctic the challenge, it was not until 1966 that those plans began to materialize. In November of that Mountaineering Expedition year, the National Geographic Society agreed to provide major financial support for the undertaking, and the Office of Antarctic Programs of the Na- SAMUEL C. SILVERSTEIN* tional Science Foundation, in view of the proven Rockefeller University capability, national representation, and scientific New York, N.Y. aims of the group, arranged with the Department of Defense for the U.S. Naval Support Force, A Navy LC-130 Hercules circled over the lower Antarctica, to provide the logistics required. On slopes of the Sentinel Range, then descended, touched December 3, the climbing party, called the Ameri- its skis to the snow, and glided to a stop near 10 can Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition, assem- waiting mountaineers and their equipment. Twenty- bled in Los Angeles to prepare for the unprece- five miles to the east, the 16,860-foot-high summit dented undertaking. of Vinson Massif, highest mountain in Antarctica, glistened above a wreath of gray cloud. Nearby The Members were Mount Tyree, 16,250 feet, second highest The expedition consisted of 10 members selected mountain on the Continent; Mount Shinn, about 16,- by the American Alpine Club. -
Antarctic.V12.4.1991.Pdf
500 lOOOMOTtcn ANTARCTIC PENINSULA s/2 9 !S°km " A M 9 I C j O m t o 1 Comandante Ferraz brazil 2 Henry Arctowski polano 3 Teniente Jubany Argentina 4 Artigas uruouav 5 Teniente Rodotfo Marsh emu BeHingshausen ussr Great WaD owa 6 Capstan Arturo Prat ck«.e 7 General Bernardo O'Higgins cmiu 8 Esperanza argentine 9 Vice Comodoro Marambio Argentina 10 Palmer usa 11 Faraday uk SOUTH 12 Rothera uk SHETLAND 13 Teniente Carvajal chile 14 General San Martin Argentina ISLANDS JOOkm NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY MAP COPYRIGHT Vol. 12 No. 4 Antarctic Antarctic (successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin") Vol. 12 No.4 Contents Polar New Zealand 94 Australia 101 Pakistan 102 United States 104 West Germany 111 Sub-Antarctic ANTARCTIC is published quarterly by Heard Island 116 theNew Zealand Antarctic Society Inc., 1978. General ISSN 0003-5327 Antarctic Treaty 117 Greenpeace 122 Editor: Robin Ormerod Environmental database 123 Please address all editorial inquiries, contri Seven peaks, seven months 124 butions etc to the Editor, P.O. Box 2110, Wellington, New Zealand Books Antarctica, the Ross Sea Region 126 Telephone (04) 791.226 International: +64-4-791-226 Shackleton's Lieutenant 127 Fax: (04)791.185 International: + 64-4-791-185 All administrative inquiries should go to the Secretary, P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch, NZ Inquiries regarding Back and Missing issues to P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch, N.Z. No part of this publication may be reproduced in Cover : Fumeroles on Mt. Melbourne any way, without the prior permission of the pub lishers. Photo: Dr. Paul Broddy Antarctic Vol. -
Dr. William Long 28 April 2001 Karen Brewster Interviewer (Begin Tape 1
Dr. William Long 28 April 2001 Karen Brewster Interviewer (Begin Tape 1 - Side A) (000) KB: This is Karen Brewster and today is Saturday, April 28th, 2001. I'm here at the home of William Long in Palmer, Alaska, and we're going to be talking about his Antarctic and Arctic experiences and career. So, thank you very much for having me here. WL: Well, it's great to have you here Karen. It's an opportunity that I'm happy to participate in. KB: Well, good. And this is for the Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State. You very nicely wrote everything down and started to answer the questions, but I'm going to go through it so we can talk about things. WL: And I won't have those in my hand, so you can compare my answers to your questions. KB: So, let's just start with when and where you were born and a little bit about your childhood. 2 WL: I was born August 18th, 1930, in Minot, North Dakota. My father was a schoolteacher and he had taken his first job at Belva, which is near Minot, and it was that year that I was born. It was one of the coldest years they had experienced and perhaps that influences my interest in cold areas. But, my mother has told me that it was the year that it was below 50 below there and the cows froze in the field across from the home they lived in. We only lived there one year and from that point, we moved to California when I was one year old, and essentially I was raised in California, until I began adult life. -
Volcanoes at Antarctica
ClimateChangeTheFacts.org.au FACT SHEET #4 FIRE AND ICE: VOLCANOES AT ANTARCTICA HOT TAKES Figure 1: Volcanoes of West Antarctica3 1 At West Antarctica, 91 newly discovered volcanoes lie buried kilometres beneath a thick ice sheet. Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelf 2 The ice sheet has co-existed with volcanism for millions 0 of years. 90 W Ellsworth Whitmore South Pole 3 Future volcanism is inevitable but fears it would Land Mountains destabilise the ice sheet and accelerate sea-level rise Mount Takahe are unfounded. Transantarctic Mount Sidley Mountains 135 Mount Cumming 0 E Marie Many people are concerned the (slight) global warming Amundsen Sea Byrd observed over the past 100 years is unnatural and caused Land 80 0 Mount Siple S Ross Ice Shelf by human activity. Some also believe this will accelerate melting of ice sheets and glaciers and cause rapid 0 W Mount Erebus catastrophic sea level rise. However this conclusion is 135 Ross Sea dependent on complex computer models containing many W 0 untested assumptions. A great many of the assumptions the 70 0 1000 km S models need to get right before they are of any use are only 180 very poorly understood. Visible volcanoes Volcanoes hidden beneath ice Some environmentalists believe volcanoes associated with the Not even the large inland volcanoes protruding through the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) could magnify the ‘climate WAIS were known to exist before 1940 when first seen from change’ risk to the ice sheet. However close examination of the air. Mount Takahe is so remote it was not visited until the relationship between the volcanoes and the ice shows this 1957. -
SEVEN SUMMITS Aspiration Becoming Accomplishment
WWW.MOUNTAINEERS.ORG MAY/JUNE 2012 • VOLUME 106 • NO. 3 MountaineerE X P L O R E • L E A R N • C O N S E R V E SEVEN SUMMITS Aspiration becoming accomplishment Inside: Overseas climbing tips, pg. 12 National Trails Day events, pg. 17 Lightweight, calorie-loaded foods, pg. 20 Photo contest 2012 inside May/June 2012 » Volume 106 » Number 3 12 Cllimbing Abroad 101 Enriching the community by helping people Planning your first climb abroad? Here are some tips explore, conserve, learn about, and enjoy the lands and waters of the Pacific Northwest. 14 Outdoors: healthy for the economy A glance at the value of recreation and preservation 12 17 There is a trail in need calling you Help out on National Trails Day at one of these events 18 When you can’t hike, get on a bike Some dry destinations for National Bike Month 21 Achieving the Seven Summits Two Olympia Mountaineers share their experiences 8 conservation currents New Alpine Lakes stewards: Weed Watchers 18 10 reachING OUT Great people, volunteers and partners bring success 16 MEMbERShIP matters A hearty thanks to you, our members 17 stepping UP Swapping paddles for trail maintenance tools 24 impact GIVING 21 Mountain Workshops working their magic with youth 32 branchING OUT News from The Mountaineers Branches 46 bOOkMARkS New Mountaineers release: The Seven Summits 47 last word Be ready to receive the gifts of the outdoors the Mountaineer uses . DIscoVER THE MOUntaINEERS If you are thinking of joining—or have joined and aren’t sure where to start—why not attend an information meeting? Check the Branching Out section of the magazine (page 32) for times and locations for each of our seven branches. -
Volcanic Chain Underlies Antarctica
th News date: 9 Dec., 2015 compiled by Dr. Alvarinho J. Luis Hot rock and ice: Volcanic chain underlies Antarctica Summary: Scientists were able to deploy ruggidized seismometers that could withstand intense cold in Antarctica only recently. A line of seismometers strung across the West Antarctic Rift Valley and the Marie Byrd Land have given geologists their first good look at the mantle beneath the ice and rocks, revealing areas of hot rock that might affect the behavior of the overlying ice sheet. The contrast between the surface and the depth is nowhere starker -- or more important -- than in Antarctica. What is causing the mysterious line of volcanoes that emerge from the ice sheet there, and what does it mean for the future of the ice? Our understanding of what's going on is really hampered because we can't see the geology, said Andrew Lloyd, main author of the study. We have to turn to geophysical methods like seismology to learn more. Lloyd helped deploy research seismometers across the West Antarctic Rift System and Marie Byrd Land in the austral summer of 2009-10. He then returned in late 2011 and snow mobiled more than 1600 km, living in a Scott tent, to recover the precious data. The recordings the instruments made of the reverberations of distant earthquakes from January 2010 to January 2012 were used to create maps of seismic velocities beneath the rift valley. An analysis of the maps was published online in the JGR: Solid Earth. This is the first time seismologists have been able to deploy instruments rugged enough to survive a winter in this part of the frozen continent, and so this is the first detailed look at Earth beneath this region. -
Climbing to Mt.Vinson 4897M, Antarctica
Climbing Mt.Vinson 4897m, Antarctica Regions: Antarctica Objects: Vinson (4897m) Activities: Mountaineering Program's difficulty: 4.5, mid easy ( technical 3 + altitudinal 1.5 ) Group: From 3 Price: 45 900 USD Dates ( Days 16 / Nights 15 ) 2021: November 23 - December 08 ( Rostovtsev Artem ) December 04 - December 19 ( Rostovtsev Artem ) December 15 - December 30 ( Rostovtsev Artem ) December 26 - January 10 ( Rostovtsev Artem ) 2022: January 06 - January 21 ( Rostovtsev Artem ) Trip overview Santiago, Chile - Punta Arenas - Union Glacier - Vinson Massif Base Camp – Summit - Vinson Massif BC – Union Glacier – Punta Arenas - Santiago, Chile Why go there? An expedition to Vinson Peak is often called the “Key to the 7 Summits”. The mountain itself does not present serious technical problems, but it is very difficult to even reach it. Mount Vinson is very remote and therefore any expedition is very expensive. The rewards is great: climbing the highest summit of Antarctica is an incredible experience in itself and for many the final step to reaching their 7 summits goal. A trip to Vinson Massif is exceptionally interesting, beautiful and prestigious. So far very few people have done it and for most, it is the highlight of their "7 summits quest". Our program starts in Punta Arenas (Chile). From there, a special Ilyushin-76 aircraft takes us to the Union Glacier camp in Antarctica and lands on the ice (with wheels). From the Union Glacier camp, a small ski-equipped plane brings us to Vinson Massif Base Camp (BC), where we pitch our tents. From here we start the ascent of Mount Vinson, using another 2 intermediate camps before attempting to reach the summit of Mount Vinson, the highest point of Antarctica. -
Mt. Vinson (16,067 Ft/4,897 M) Planning Package
Mt. Vinson (16,067 ft/4,897 m) Planning Package Photo by Dave Morton Climber Information Photo by Dave Morton Keep in Touch Flight Information As a member of our Mt. Vinson team we encourage you to contact Given the nature of the flight, there may be delays getting in/ us with any questions as our intent is to provide personal attention out of Antarctica. If we are delayed in Punta Arenas, those are to your preparation needs. While this document will answer many “free” days to tour the city. Alpine Ascents does not provide food, of your questions, we enjoy hearing about your specific interests transport and hotels during your stay in Punta Arenas. and look forward to making the pre-trip planning and training an exciting part of the journey. Please take the time to read this Flight reservations for your climb should be made as soon as document in full. possible. Alpine Ascents uses the services of Charles Mulvehill at Scan East West Travel: (800) 727-2157 or (206) 623-2157. He is very Alpine Ascents Seattle: (206) 378-1927 familiar with our International and Domestic Programs and offers competitive prices on all domestic/international flights. Paperwork We highly recommend using our travel agent as he can best facilitate changes. Flights back to the USA usually need to be Please make sure you complete and return the following changed (as flights to/from Antarctica are subject to delay). If you paperwork as soon as possible. This information assists us in use our travel agent we may be able to call ahead via satellite procuring permits and making final hotel reservations. -
Ellsworth Mountains, Overview Antarctica Mt
AAC Publications Ellsworth Mountains, Overview Antarctica Mt. Vinson (4,892m) continues to attract large numbers. One hundred and seventy individual climbers reached the summit during the 2012-13 season (a total of 184 successful ascents). Fourteen guides made two or more ascents. Only four clients failed to top out. Neighboring Mt. Shinn (4,660m) received five ascents. American guide Robert Anderson and his clients did the probable first ascent of a 2,880m peak five kilometers south of Vinson base camp. This attractive ice peak forms a pyramidal end to the ridge dividing the Cairns and Tulaczyk glaciers, the unclimbed southern arm of the western ridge of the Vinson Massif. In late December, Antarctic Logistics & Expeditions (ALE) guides Maria Paz “Pachi” Ibarra and Todd Passey led the returning German client Ralf Laier on the first ascents of three peaks: Mt. Allen (3,430m) and Mt. Liptak (3,052m) in the southern Sentinel Range, and Robinson Peak (2,038m) further south in the Heritage Range. Allen was climbed from the south, ending in a difficult corniced ridge, and took two attempts. Liptak had a mixed summit ridge of loose rock, after steep snow and ice on the northern slope. Robinson Peak, a rocky summit in the Pioneer Heights Range, was approached from the west, across the Rennell Glacier, and then climbed by the south ridge, with some technical rock pitches and exposed scrambling. The trio traversed the summit to the northern side, and traveled back around the east to reach their skis on the southern col. Further south, in the Independence Hills, Scott Webster and friends made the first ascent of an elegangt unnamed ice peak north of Beitzel Peak and just south of the famous Minaret Peak, a distinctive rock tower visible to all who flew out of the old ANI base at Patriot Hills. -
Mt Sidley 4285M a Stunning Mountain in an Extreme Environment Antarctica at Its Very Best, a White Wilderness
Mt Sidley 4285m A stunning Mountain in an extreme environment Antarctica at its very best, a white wilderness EXPEDITION OVERVIEW Perhaps THE most remote mountain the world (sorry, but also one of THE most expensive to climb) Impressive and exceptionally remote; Mount Sidley is to be found in one of Antarctica’s least travelled corners of its polar ice sheet, making it a truly special place to visit. To date there have been very few ascents of this - Antarctica’s highest volcano. It is one of the Volcanic ‘Seven Summits’ highest volcanoes on each continent. One side of the mountains forms a huge caldera crater with a diameter of 5 km, with its internal walls forming a sheer one kilometre high cliff of ice. On the other side there are blue ice slopes that rise gently to the crater rim giving access to its summit. Sidley’s spectacular remote setting is a ‘must do’ for adventurous mountaineers in search of one of the most remote and unique places on earth! It is advisable to book at least 6-9months in advance Participation Statement Adventure Peaks recognises that climbing, hill walking and mountaineering are activities with a danger of personal injury or death. Participants in these activities should be aware of and accept these risks and be responsible for their own actions and involvement. Adventure Travel – Accuracy of Itinerary Although it is our intention to operate this itinerary as printed, it may be necessary to make some changes as a result of flight schedules, climatic conditions, limitations of infrastructure or other operational factors. -
Geological Investigations and Logistics in the Ellsworth Mountains, 1979-80
900 difference in declination is due to rapid changes in the References paleomagnetic field with respect to Antarctica during the Lower Paleozoic cannot be discounted at the present level Alley, R. B., and Watts, D. R. 1979. Paleomagnetic investigation of of coverage. A solid data base from the Paleozoic of the east the northern antarctic peninsula. EQS. Transactions, American antarctic craton will be required before the problem is fully Geophysical Union, 60, 240. resolved. Furthermore, the results for the Ellsworth Moun- Dalziel, I. W. D. In press. The pre-Jurassic history of the Scotia Arc: tains presented here represent only 3 sites of the total of 70. A review and progress report. In C. Craddock (Ed.), Antarctic At this stage in the investigation, the data are most consis- Geoscience. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. deWit, M. J 1977. The evolution of the Scotia Arc as a key to the re- tent with a theory proposing a microplate nature of West . construction of southwestern Gondwanaland. Tectonophysics, 37, Antarctica. 53-82. Elliot, D. H., Watts, D. R., Alley, R. B., and Gracanin, T. M. 1978. Geo- logic studies in the northern antarctic peninsula, R/V Hero cruise 78-lB. February 1978. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 13(4), 12-13. Elston, D. R., and Purucker, M. E. 1979. Detrital magnetization in 50 Sr ndon. red beds of the Moenkopi Formation (Triassic), Gray Mountain, C>. Arizona. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 1653-1666. EAST Graham, J. W. 1949. The stability and significance of magnetism in ANTARCT IC - CRATON sedimentary rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 59, 131 137.