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Queen Guinevere
Ingvarsdóttir 1 Hugvísindasvið Queen Guinevere: A queen through time B.A. Thesis Marie Helga Ingvarsdóttir June 2011 Ingvarsdóttir 2 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Enskudeild Queen Guinevere: A queen through time B.A. Thesis Marie Helga Ingvarsdóttir Kt.: 060389-3309 Supervisor: Ingibjörg Ágústsdóttir June 2011 Ingvarsdóttir 3 Abstract This essay is an attempt to recollect and analyze the character of Queen Guinevere in Arthurian literature and movies through time. The sources involved here are Welsh and other Celtic tradition, Latin texts, French romances and other works from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Malory’s and Tennyson’s representation of the Queen, and finally Guinevere in the twentieth century in Bradley’s and Miles’s novels as well as in movies. The main sources in the first three chapters are of European origins; however, there is a focus on French and British works. There is a lack of study of German sources, which could bring different insights into the character of Guinevere. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the evolution of Queen Guinevere and to point out that through the works of Malory and Tennyson, she has been misrepresented and there is more to her than her adulterous relation with Lancelot. This essay is exclusively focused on Queen Guinevere and her analysis involves other characters like Arthur, Lancelot, Merlin, Enide, and more. First the Queen is only represented as Arthur’s unfaithful wife, and her abduction is narrated. We have here the basis of her character. Chrétien de Troyes develops this basic character into a woman of important values about love and chivalry. -
Lancelot - the Truth Behind the Legend by Rupert Matthews
Lancelot - The Truth behind the Legend by Rupert Matthews Published by Bretwalda Books at Smashwords Website : Facebook : Twitter This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each person. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author. First Published 2013 Copyright © Rupert Matthews 2013 Rupert Matthews asserts his moral rights to be regarded as the author of this book. ISBN 978-1-909698-64-2 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1 - Lancelot the Legend Chapter 2 - Lancelot in France Chapter 3 - Lancelot in Britain Conclusion Introduction Of all the Knights of the Round Table, none is so famous as Sir Lancelot. He is both the finest of the Arthurian knights, and the worst. He is the champion of the Round Table, and the reason for its destruction. He is loyal, yet treacherous. Noble, but base. His is a complex character that combines the best and worst of the world of chivalry in one person. It is Sir Lancelot who features in every modern adaptation of the old stories. Be it an historical novel, a Hollywood movie or a British TV series, Lancelot is centre stage. He is usually shown as a romantically flawed hero doomed to eventual disgrace by the same talents and skills that earn him fame in the first place. -
Actions Héroïques
Shadows over Camelot FAQ 1.0 Oct 12, 2005 The following FAQ lists some of the most frequently asked questions surrounding the Shadows over Camelot boardgame. This list will be revised and expanded by the Authors as required. Many of the points below are simply a repetition of some easily overlooked rules, while a few others offer clarifications or provide a definitive interpretation of rules. For your convenience, they have been regrouped and classified by general subject. I. The Heroic Actions A Knight may only do multiple actions during his turn if each of these actions is of a DIFFERENT nature. For memory, the 5 possible action types are: A. Moving to a new place B. Performing a Quest-specific action C. Playing a Special White card D. Healing yourself E. Accusing another Knight of being the Traitor. Example: It is Sir Tristan's turn, and he is on the Black Knight Quest. He plays the last Fight card required to end the Quest (action of type B). He thus automatically returns to Camelot at no cost. This move does not count as an action, since it was automatically triggered by the completion of the Quest. Once in Camelot, Tristan will neither be able to draw White cards nor fight the Siege Engines, if he chooses to perform a second Heroic Action. This is because this would be a second Quest-specific (Action of type B) action! On the other hand, he could immediately move to another new Quest (because he hasn't chosen a Move action (Action of type A.) yet. -
An Arthurian Drama
EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA RALPH ADAMS CRAM EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA Table of Contents EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA...........................................................................................................1 RALPH ADAMS CRAM..............................................................................................................................1 Advertisement:...............................................................................................................................................1 Prologue.........................................................................................................................................................2 Act I................................................................................................................................................................6 ACT II..........................................................................................................................................................44 i EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA RALPH ADAMS CRAM This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com • Advertisement: • Prologue • Act I • ACT II Advertisement: Excalibur is the introductory drama of a contemplated trilogy founded on the Arthurian legends as the perfect embodiment of the spirit and impulse of that great Christian epoch we call Mediævalism. The attempt is again madehowever inadequately to do for the epic of our own race, and in a form adapted to dramatic presentation, a small measure of that which -
Introduction: the Legend of King Arthur
Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Professor Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 1 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 2 Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Abstract of: “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 The stories of Arthurian literary tradition have provided our modern age with gripping tales of chivalry, adventure, and betrayal. King Arthur remains a hero of legend in the annals of the British Isles. However, one question remains: did King Arthur actually exist? Early medieval historical sources provide clues that have identified various figures that may have been the template for King Arthur. Such candidates such as the second century Roman general Lucius Artorius Castus, the fifth century Breton leader Riothamus, and the sixth century British leader Ambrosius Aurelianus hold high esteem as possible candidates for the historical King Arthur. Through the analysis of original sources and authors such as the Easter Annals, Nennius, Bede, Gildas, and the Annales Cambriae, parallels can be established which connect these historical figures to aspects of the Arthur of literary tradition. -
Writing and Literary Study Spring 2010 the Chivalrous Sir Gawain If
Ahmed 1 Sarin Taslima Ahmed College Writing II: Writing and Literary Study Spring 2010 The Chivalrous Sir Gawain If a man does not open the door for a woman, she may think chivalry is dead or forget that it ever existed at all. Today's woman is not a damsel in distress, but rather stands on equal ground with her masculine counterpart. She has no need to acknowledge that there was ever a time when men lived and died for the sake of honor. However, around 1066 a.d. to 1485 a.d., that was exactly what European knights, and those around the world, did (Achlin). Of these brave soldiers, the most famous were the Knights of the Round Table, subjects of Camelot and King Arthur. Perhaps the most acclaimed knights are dubbed Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain. Lancelot is still known as the greatest of all knights, the perfect knight, but based on Gawain's actions in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by the Pearl Poet and those of Lancelot in The Once and Future King by T.H. White, I've come to the conclusion that Gawain is a greater model of chivalry than Lancelot. Following the code of chivalry, Gawain is faithful to God, his King, and he is respectful to women. Lancelot is very talented, but he does not feel the need to follow the laws of knighthood, and ends up disregarding King Arthur, Queen Guinevere and even God because of it. "Two virtues above all else were held to mark the good knight and bring him honor. -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
Deviating from the Angelic Norm
Chen 1 Table of Contents Introduction . 2 Chapter One Tennyson’s Gender Politics . 8 Chapter Two Deviating from the Angelic Norm . 17 Victorian Attitudes about Suicide and Elaine as Woman Artist . .22 Elaine’s Gaze: The Transgression of Feminine Sight . .32 Leaving the Private Sphere . .42 Conclusion . 48 Bibliography . .53 Chen 2 Introduction Ever since its publication in 1859, Tennyson’s Idylls of the King has garnered a myriad of responses, ranging from adoration to aversion. While dearly beloved to the Victorians, Idylls of the King has lost much of its popularity over the course of the 20th century. Today, Idylls of the King is oftentimes labeled as pedantically adhering to the rigid social mores of the Victorian middle class, while simultaneously reestablishing patriarchal ideals and vilifying women’s sexuality. However, through this thesis, I would like to argue that although frequently accused of inflexibility, Idylls of the King still possesses space for challenging traditional patriarchal ideology. Moments of negotiation and subversion are most apparent through a close reading of Tennyson’s “Lancelot and Elaine.” Like modern day popular culture texts, Idylls of the King presents potentially contradictory ideologies in order to appeal to a diverse audience. As John Fiske states in Understanding Popular Culture, “A text that is to be made into popular culture must, then, contain both the forces of domination and the opportunities to speak against them . .” (25) According to Stuart Hall’s essay Encoding/Decoding, “forces of domination” are the established hegemonic ideals of the contemporary time period. Without these, the work would lack the cultural significance and approval to even see the light of day. -
I Am Excalibur by Danny Hatch I Am Excalibur, the Only Truly Innocent
I Am Excalibur by Danny Hatch I am Excalibur, the only truly innocent character in this whole charade. This is due to me having no human drives, desires, addictions, or vices. My real history began when Nimue, the Lady of the Lake, thrust me out of the water to Merlin and Uther Pendragon. Nothing really happened after that until Uther thrust me into the stone, where I resided for seventeen long years. Once Arthur pulled me out, I remained strong, staying by his side until I was broken, in a rare moment of Arthur displaying a rash attitude. I have never broken. In all of my years as a sword, from the beginning of time to that very moment, with Lancelot’s body lying in the river, I have never felt myself break. In all of his confusion, Arthur dropped me into the lake absentmindedly. At this point, I had lost all hope, and was sinking quickly. Suddenly, though, two slimy hands grabbed me, and with a stream of flash and light, I was mended. I have stayed with Arthur through the chivalry, the success, the hate, and the pain, Even if I could not lend him my strength and my blade, I gave him important encouragement while he was dying. Except for now. Now, I lay at the bottom of the lake, discarded, forgotten, gone. I have nothing to comfort me but thoughts of rebirth for both Arthur and myself. He will be back. I know it. And so will I. Invincible by Danny Hatch Winter turns to spring And all the church bells ring. -
Arthurian Legend
Nugent: English 11 Fall What do you know about King Arthur, Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table? Do you know about any Knights? If so, who? If you know anything about King Arthur, why did you learn about King Arthur? If you don’t know anything, what can you guess King Arthur, Camelot, or Knights. A LEGEND is a story told about extraordinary deeds that has been told and retold for generations among a group of people. Legends are thought to have a historical basis, but may also contain elements of magic and myth. MYTH: a story that a particular culture believes to be true, using the supernatural to interpret natural events & to explain the nature of the universe and humanity. An ARCHETYPE is a reoccurring character type, setting, or action that is recognizable across literature and cultures that elicits a certain feeling or reaction from the reader. GOOD EVIL • The Hero • Doppelganger • The Mother The Sage • The Monster • The Scapegoat or sacrificial • The Trickster lamb • Outlaw/destroyer • The Star-crossed lovers • The Rebel • The Orphan • The Tyrant • The Fool • The Hag/Witch/Shaman • The Sadist A ROMANCE is an imaginative story concerned with noble heroes, chivalric codes of honor, passionate love, daring deeds, & supernatural events. Writers of romances tend to idealize their heroes as well as the eras in which the heroes live. Romances typically include these MOTIFS: adventure, quests, wicked adversaries, & magic. Motif: an idea, object, place, or statement that appears frequently throughout a piece of writing, which helps contribute to the work’s overall theme 1. -
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSICS EDITION OF SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT BY KELLI McCALL SELF TEACHER’S GUIDE TEACHER’S DR Gawain TG 100912a.indd 1 10/24/12 4:55 PM 2 A Teacher’s Guide to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................3 LIST OF CHARACTERS .............................................................................................................3 SYNOPSIS OF THE POEM .......................................................................................................4 PREREADING ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................................6 I. BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE IN HISTORY AND LITERATURE ................................................................................6 II. BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE THROUGH INITIAL EXPLORATION OF THEMES ............................................10 DURING READING ACTIVITIES..........................................................................................13 I. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ..................................................................................13 II. ACTIVITIES TO GENERATE RESPONSE AND EXPLORATION OF THE TEXT ......................................................................15 AFTER READING ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................16 I. TEXTBASED TOPICS FOR ESSAYS AND DISCUSSIONS ..........................16 -
4.7 the Sword in the Stone
4.7 The Sword in the Stone (King Arthur, famous in legends and history as one of the bravest and noblest Kings of Britain, grew up as an orphaned youth, before Destiny intervened, in the form of his protector and guardian, Merlin the Magician, to reveal his true identity to the people of Britain.) In ancient Britain, at a time when the land was invaded by wild barbarians, the good and noble Lord Uther fought them bravely and drove them away from his land. The people made him king of Britain and gave him the title, Pendragon, meaning Dragon’s head. King Uther Pendragon ruled Britain wisely and well; the people were content. But very soon, the king died; it was thought that he had been poisoned by some traitors. There was no heir to the throne of British. The powerful Lords and Knights who had been kept under control by King Uther, now began to demand that one of them should be crowned King of Britain. Rivalry grew amongst the Lords, and the country as a whole began to suffer. Armed robbers roamed the countryside, pillaging farms and fields. People felt unsafe and insecure in their own homes. Fear gripped the country and lawlessness prevailed over the divided kingdom. Nearly sixteen years had passed since the death of Lord Uther. All the Lords and Knights of Britain had assembled at the Great Church of London for Christmas. On Christmas morning, just as they were leaving the Church, a strange sight drew their attention. In the churchyard was a large stone, and on it an anvil of steel, and in the steel a naked sword was held, and about it was written in letters of gold, ‘Whoso pulleth out this sword is by right of birth King of England.’ Many of the knights could not hold themselves back.