I Am Excalibur by Danny Hatch I Am Excalibur, the Only Truly Innocent
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Introduction: the Legend of King Arthur
Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Professor Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 1 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 2 Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Abstract of: “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 The stories of Arthurian literary tradition have provided our modern age with gripping tales of chivalry, adventure, and betrayal. King Arthur remains a hero of legend in the annals of the British Isles. However, one question remains: did King Arthur actually exist? Early medieval historical sources provide clues that have identified various figures that may have been the template for King Arthur. Such candidates such as the second century Roman general Lucius Artorius Castus, the fifth century Breton leader Riothamus, and the sixth century British leader Ambrosius Aurelianus hold high esteem as possible candidates for the historical King Arthur. Through the analysis of original sources and authors such as the Easter Annals, Nennius, Bede, Gildas, and the Annales Cambriae, parallels can be established which connect these historical figures to aspects of the Arthur of literary tradition. -
Morgaine Speaks
MORGAINE SPEAKS ... I think that my first real memory is of my mother's wedding to Uther Pendragon. I remember my father only a little. When I was unhappy as a little girl, I seemed to remember him, a heavyset man with a dark beard and dark hair I remember playing with a chain he wore about his neck. I remember that as a little maiden when I was unhappy, when I was chidden by my mother or my teachers, or when Uther-rarely-noticed me to disapprove of me, I used to comfort myself by thinking that if my own father were alive, he would have been fond of me and taken me on his knee and brought me pretty things. Now that I am older and know what manner of man he was, I think it more likely he would have put me into a nunnery as soon as I had a brother, and never thought more about me. Not that Uther was ever unkind to me; it was simply that he had no particular interest in a girl child. My mother was always at the center of his heart, and he at hers, and so I resented that-that I had lost my mother to this great fair-hair boorish man. When Uther was away in battle-and there was battle a good deal of the time when I was a maiden-my mother Igraine cherished me and petted me, and taught me to spin with her own hands and to weave in colors. But when Uther's men were sighted, then I went back into my rooms and was forgotten until he went away again. -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
Arthurian Legend
Nugent: English 11 Fall What do you know about King Arthur, Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table? Do you know about any Knights? If so, who? If you know anything about King Arthur, why did you learn about King Arthur? If you don’t know anything, what can you guess King Arthur, Camelot, or Knights. A LEGEND is a story told about extraordinary deeds that has been told and retold for generations among a group of people. Legends are thought to have a historical basis, but may also contain elements of magic and myth. MYTH: a story that a particular culture believes to be true, using the supernatural to interpret natural events & to explain the nature of the universe and humanity. An ARCHETYPE is a reoccurring character type, setting, or action that is recognizable across literature and cultures that elicits a certain feeling or reaction from the reader. GOOD EVIL • The Hero • Doppelganger • The Mother The Sage • The Monster • The Scapegoat or sacrificial • The Trickster lamb • Outlaw/destroyer • The Star-crossed lovers • The Rebel • The Orphan • The Tyrant • The Fool • The Hag/Witch/Shaman • The Sadist A ROMANCE is an imaginative story concerned with noble heroes, chivalric codes of honor, passionate love, daring deeds, & supernatural events. Writers of romances tend to idealize their heroes as well as the eras in which the heroes live. Romances typically include these MOTIFS: adventure, quests, wicked adversaries, & magic. Motif: an idea, object, place, or statement that appears frequently throughout a piece of writing, which helps contribute to the work’s overall theme 1. -
4.7 the Sword in the Stone
4.7 The Sword in the Stone (King Arthur, famous in legends and history as one of the bravest and noblest Kings of Britain, grew up as an orphaned youth, before Destiny intervened, in the form of his protector and guardian, Merlin the Magician, to reveal his true identity to the people of Britain.) In ancient Britain, at a time when the land was invaded by wild barbarians, the good and noble Lord Uther fought them bravely and drove them away from his land. The people made him king of Britain and gave him the title, Pendragon, meaning Dragon’s head. King Uther Pendragon ruled Britain wisely and well; the people were content. But very soon, the king died; it was thought that he had been poisoned by some traitors. There was no heir to the throne of British. The powerful Lords and Knights who had been kept under control by King Uther, now began to demand that one of them should be crowned King of Britain. Rivalry grew amongst the Lords, and the country as a whole began to suffer. Armed robbers roamed the countryside, pillaging farms and fields. People felt unsafe and insecure in their own homes. Fear gripped the country and lawlessness prevailed over the divided kingdom. Nearly sixteen years had passed since the death of Lord Uther. All the Lords and Knights of Britain had assembled at the Great Church of London for Christmas. On Christmas morning, just as they were leaving the Church, a strange sight drew their attention. In the churchyard was a large stone, and on it an anvil of steel, and in the steel a naked sword was held, and about it was written in letters of gold, ‘Whoso pulleth out this sword is by right of birth King of England.’ Many of the knights could not hold themselves back. -
King Arthur and His Knights
King Arthur and his Knights by George Gibson 1/23 Contents Chapter One: Young Arthur............................................................................3 Chapter Two: The sword in the stone............................................................. 4 Chapter Three: Britain has a King...................................................................5 Chapter Four: Excalibur.................................................................................. 6 Chapter Five: Arthur meets Guinevere........................................................... 7 Chapter Six: The five Kings............................................................................8 Chapter Seven: Lancelot............................................................................... 10 Chapter Eight: The Holy Grail...................................................................... 12 Chapter Nine: King Arthur goes to Aralon................................................... 14 Track 1: Was King Arthur Only a Legend?.................................................. 16 Track 2: Before Arthur's Time...................................................................... 17 Track 3: Knight............................................................................................. 18 Track 4: Page, Squire, Knight....................................................................... 19 Track 5: Castles.............................................................................................20 Track 6: Old Castle of Great Interest........................................................... -
Excalibur, Filmography
Excalibur 1981 FILMOGRAPHY Excalibur - 1981 Director: John Boorman Production Co.: Orion, through Warner Brothers Release Date: April 10, 1981 DVD: Warner Home Video IMDB Site: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082348/ Cast: Arthur ... Nigel Terry Perceval ... Paul Geoffrey Merlin ... Nicol Williamson Mordred ... Robert Addie Guinevere ... Cherie Lunghi Uther Pendragon ... Gabriel Byrne Lancelot ... Nicholas Clay Gawain ... Liam Neeson Morgana ... Helen Mirren Leondergrance ... Patrick Stewart Script: http://moviescriptsource.com/movie-script.php?id=157 Major Reviews: New York Times: http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9505EFD61138F933A25757C0A967948260 Chicago Sun (Roger Ebert): http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19810101/REVIEWS/101010322 Salon: http://www.salon.com/entertainment/movies/dvd/review/2000/09/07/excalibur/index.html?CP=IMD&DN=110 Additional: TV Tropes: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Film/Excalibur Synopsis: John Boorman directed this gloriously savage interpretation of Arthurian legend loosely based on Thomas Malory's novel Le Morte d'Arthur. By turns gleaming and filthy, tender and bloody, the film is a visually stunning epic which is never less than compelling. Nigel Terry is perfectly cast as Arthur, whose unwavering trust and faith are shown to be both quietly heroic and achingly naïve. Interestingly, the quest for the Grail is the least effective part of the film, despite bold cinematography by Alex Thomson (who was nominated for an Oscar) and a fine performance by Paul Geoffrey as Perceval, whose greatest desire is attained in his dying sight. It is the scenes of Camelot in which Boorman is at his most effective, as Arthur is betrayed by the burning passions of Guenevere (Cherie Lunghi) and Lancelot (Nicholas Clay), whose boiling internal forces cannot be denied, whatever the cost. -
Cornwall in the Early Arthurian Tradition It Is Believed That an Actual “King Arthur” Lived in 6Th Century AD in the Southwe
Cornwall in the Early Arthurian Tradition Heather Dale April 2008 It is believed that an actual “King Arthur” lived in 6th Century AD in the southwestern area of Britain. A brief history lesson is needed to provide the backdrop to this historical Arthur. In 43 AD, the Romans occupied Britain, subduing the northern Pictish & Scottish tribes, and incorporating the pre-literate but somewhat more civilized Celtic peoples into the Roman Empire. The Romans intermarried with the Celts, who emulated their customs and superior technology; these Romanized Celts became known as Britons. When the Romans abandoned Britain in 410 AD, the Britons found themselves attacked on all sides: the northern tribes pushed south, the Irish raided from the west, and fierce Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Franks, Frisians) and Norsemen slowly pushed the Celts into southwestern Wales and Cornwall. Some even fled across to the Continent, establishing Brittany in western France and becoming known as Bretons. It is in this turbulent post-Roman time that a brave man, perhaps a sort of tribal chieftain, led a small force of Britons into battle with the Germanic tribes. And due to tactical skill, superior fighting prowess and/or incredible luck (we will never know) this Artorius or Arthur held back the Germanic hordes from his corner of Britain for 30 years, a full generation. This incredible feat is first mentioned in a 6th century quasi-historical Latin chronicle by the monk Gildas. Later chroniclers added detail of dubious historical accuracy but great heroism to the tale of Arthur. The Venerable Bede wrote in 731 AD about the first great victory over the Saxons at Mount Badon (surmised by some to be Liddington Castle near Swindon), and the Welsh chronicler Nennius bases his 9th century story on material from the rich Welsh storytelling tradition. -
John Cowper Powys's Porius: a Reader's Companion
John Cowper Powys: Porius A Reader’s Companion Updated and Expanded Edition W. J. Keith April 2009 “Reader’s Companions” by Prof. W.J. Keith to other Powys works are available at: https://www.powys-society.org/Articles.html Preface The aim of this “Companion” is to provide background information that will enrich a reading of Powys’s novel/romance. It glosses Welsh, classical, biblical, and other allusions, identifies quotations, explains geographical and historical references, and offers any commentary that may throw light on the more complex aspects of the text. (When a quotation is involved, the passage is listed under the first word even if it is “a” or “the.”) It was first made available on the Internet and in booklet form in 2004, and has subsequently been updated and revised from time to time. The present version has been thoroughly reset and expanded. Numerous errors discovered in the intervening years have been corrected. All page-references are to Judith Bond and Morine Krissdóttir’s edition published by Overlook Duckworth in 2007, with those to Wilbur T. Albrecht’s 1994 edition from Colgate University Press following in square brackets. Since the latter contained many errors and inconsistencies, the words listed often appear there in somewhat different form. Moreover, because the editions are based on different copy-texts, some references appear only in one of the editions; when those occurring in only one version require separate annotation, they have been identified and glossed. References to other JCP books published during his lifetime will be either to the first editions or to reprints that reproduce the original pagination, with the following exceptions: Wolf Solent (London: Macdonald, 1961), Weymouth Sands (London: Macdonald, 1963), Maiden Castle (ed. -
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} the Story of Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Story Of Queen Guinevere And Sir Lancelot Of The Lake With Other Poems by Wilhelm Hertz The Story Of Queen Guinevere And Sir Lancelot Of The Lake: With Other Poems by Wilhelm Hertz. Access to raw data. The story of Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot of the lake. After the German of Wilhelm Hertz. With other poems. Abstract. Mode of access: Internet. To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request. Suggested articles. Useful links. Blog Services About CORE Contact us. Writing about CORE? Discover our research outputs and cite our work. CORE is a not-for-profit service delivered by the Open University and Jisc. Arthur, King. King Arthur was a legendary ruler of Britain whose life and deeds became the basis for a collection of tales known as the Arthurian legends. As the leading figure in British mythology, King Arthur is a national hero and a symbol of Britain's heroic heritage. But his appeal is not limited to Britain. The Arthurian story—with its elements of mystery, magic, love, war, adventure, betrayal, and fate—has touched the popular imagination and has become part of the world's shared mythology. The Celts blended stories of the warrior Arthur with those of much older mythological characters, such as Gwydion (pronounced GWID-yon), a Welsh priest-king. Old Welsh tales and poems place Arthur in traditional Celtic legends, including a hunt for an enchanted wild pig and a search for a magic cauldron, or kettle. In addition, Arthur is surrounded by a band of loyal followers who greatly resemble the disciples of Finn , the legendary Irish hero. -
Fiction Excerpt 4: Guinevere and the Round Table on One of His
Fiction Excerpt 4: Guinevere and the Round Table On one of his adventures, Arthur had met the Lady Guinevere (/gwin*ә*veer/), daughter of King Leodegrance (/lee*oe*dә*grantz/). He had never forgotten her, though for a long time he had hidden his thoughts in silence. One day, he sent a train of knights to the court of King Leodegrance to ask for Guinevere’s hand in marriage. “This is the best news I have ever heard,” replied Leodegrance. “I shall send King Arthur a present that will please him: the round table that Uther Pendragon gave me, so grand that one hundred and fifty knights can sit around it.” When King Arthur heard that Guinevere was coming to be his bride, his heart filled with joy. He chose his best friend and chief knight, Sir Lancelot (LANCE-uh-lot), to ride to meet her and bring her on her way. It was a fine summer morning when Lancelot and Guinevere met. Guinevere rode on a white horse, bridled with gold. She was dressed in green and gold, more beautiful than any woman in the world, and she paused under a blossoming apple tree as Sir Lancelot approached her. He was dressed in a full suit of gleaming armor. From that moment, Lancelot and Guinevere were in love. But Lancelot served King Arthur, and Guinevere was to be Arthur’s bride. So Lancelot escorted the lady to Camelot, King Arthur’s home, where Arthur awaited his bride under a canopy, with flowers strewn all about. The marriage and coronation followed as soon as possible. -
Arthurian Legend
Arthurian Legend Arthurian Legend Characters King Arthur – The son of Uther Pendragon, King Arthur is the king of Britain. In addition to being a great warrior, he is wise and thoughtful ruler. He prefers to find peaceful solutions to problems rather than fighting. Arthur is able to appreciate the viewpoints of other people and this helps him to find other solutions. Merlin – Merlin is a legendary wizard of considerable intelligence and power. Merlin wants the best for the land of Britain but does not want to rule, knowing that a warrior is needed to unite the kingdom. Merlin was an advisor to King Uther Pendragon before advising King Arthur. Merlin was able to use magic to prove that Arthur was the king of the Britains. Later, he was able to communicate with people from another world and provide Arthur with the magical sword, Excalibur. Merlin looks like an old man with a flowing white beard. Queen Guinevere – Guinevere is the wife of King Arthur. Her name means “The White Enchantress” or “The White Ghost”; a name given to her because of her pale white skin. Although she loves King Arthur, she grows to love Sir Lancelot. This betrayal of Arthur eventually leads to quarrels and fights amongst the knights of the round table and eventually ends Camelot. Sir Lancelot – Lancelot is the bravest and most skilled Knight of the Round Table. A talented swordsman and jouster, Lancelot is also Arthur’s greatest friend. When Lancelot falls in love with Guinevere, this leads to civil war and brings about the end of King Arthur’s kingdom.