THE AMBIVALENT ORWELL: Patterns of Ambiguity in His Thought and Its Expression
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George Orwell: the Critical Heritage
GEORGE ORWELL: THE CRITICAL HERITAGE THE CRITICAL HERITAGE SERIES General Editor: B.C.Southam The Critical Heritage series collects together a large body of criticism on major figures in literature. Each volume presents the contemporary responses to a particular writer, enabling the student to follow the formation of critical attitudes to the writer’s work and its place within a literary tradition. The carefully selected sources range from landmark essays in the history of criticism to fragments of contemporary opinion and little published documentary material, such as letters and diaries. Significant pieces of criticism from later periods are also included in order to demonstrate fluctuations in reputation following the writer’s death. GEORGE ORWELL THE CRITICAL HERITAGE Edited by JEFFREY MEYERS London and New York First published in 1975 Reprinted in 1997 by Routledge This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE & 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Compilation, introduction, notes and index © 1975 Jeffrey Meyers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data ISBN 0–415–15923–7 (Print Edition) ISBN 0–203–19635–X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0–203–19638–4 (Glassbook Format) For Alfredo and Barbara General Editor’s Preface The reception given to a writer by his contemporaries and near- contemporaries is evidence of considerable value to the student of literature. -
George Orwell Studies, 1 (1)
Newsinger, J. (2016) ‘‘The lesser evil’: Orwell and America.' George Orwell Studies, 1 (1). Official URL: http://www.abramis.co.uk/george-orwell-studies/issues.htm ResearchSPAce http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/ This pre-published version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the final version using the reference above. Your access and use of this document is based on your acceptance of the ResearchSPAce Metadata and Data Policies, as well as applicable law:- https://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/policies.html Unless you accept the terms of these Policies in full, you do not have permission to download this document. This cover sheet may not be removed from the document. Please scroll down to view the document. ‘The Lesser Evil’: Orwell and America John Newsinger George Orwell is often assumed to have been uninterested in the United States with his thinking immune to any American influences. This neglects his interest in American literature, in particular his concern with the work of Mark Twain, Jack London and Henry Miller. During the Second World War, he came under the influence of the US magazine, Partisan Review, for which he wrote his ‘London Letters’. Even though he considered the USA politically backward, in the post-war years he came to the reluctant conclusion that if the choice was between a world dominated by Soviet Union or the USA, he would prefer the USA, although he hoped for a Socialist revival as offering an alternative. Keywords: George Orwell, United States of America, American literature, American servicemen, Partisan Review, James Burnham There has been so little written about George Orwell’s attitude towards and thinking about the United States of America that one may be forgiven for believing that he was pretty much oblivious to the country.1 Admittedly, he never visited there (although he planned to before death cut him short) and he never wrote a Homage to California, a Down and Out in New York and Chicago, nor even an Animal Ranch. -
A Bookman's Letters
is 1\. -pl? FROM THE INCOME OF THE FISKE ENDOWMENT FUND THE BEQUEST OF . Librarian of the University 1868-1883 1905 . B..2?H:.'35S: asMH , ': The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the catl No. and give to the librariani . ^Fh 2-i^ ;&H HOME USE RULES. All 'books must be returned at end of col- lege year for inspec- tion and repairs. V V Students must re- ^ - turn all books before leaving town. Officers , -J. ,,,,, , should arrange for ^' Uil fiS the return of books wanted during their 1 1 absence from town, I, niu »«•IV^A • Boo^sis needed by more than one person are held on the reserve . list. Volumes of periodi- - - dais and of pataphlets are in AUG f t92g - held the library as much as possible. , For special purposes Borrowers should '•"'"JIIN 7 mm ityxn ^°^ ^^^ their library / titjU privileges fojrthe bene- fit of other persons. — Books of special i'gl a^^^ag^a 'tM *'^y^^"^ value and gift books, when th^ giver wishes it, are not allowed tp circulate. Readers are asked 'i to report all cases of books marked or muti- lated. Do not defacf books by marks and writing. Cornell University Library PR 99.N64 A bookman's letters. 3 1924 013 356 146 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013356146 A BOOKMAN'S LETTERS Works by W. Robertson NicoU SONGS OF REST. -
George Orwell and the Incoherence of Democratic Socialism
Munich Personal RePEc Archive George Orwell and the Incoherence of Democratic Socialism Makovi, Michael 27 February 2015 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62527/ MPRA Paper No. 62527, posted 06 Mar 2015 06:58 UTC George Orwell and the Incoherence of Democratic Socialism Michael Makovi Abstract: George Orwell's famous fictions, Animal Farm and Nineteen-Eighty Four were intended to advocate democratic socialism by portraying undemocratic forms of socialism as totalitarian. For Orwell, democracy was a political institution which would limit the abuse of power. But there are several problems with democratic socialism which ensure its failure. In Orwell's novel A Clergyman's Daughter, Orwell's views of economics and politics are inconsistent and conflicting in a way that ensures democratic socialism will not succeed on Orwell's terms. Democratic socialism in general is criticized according to F. A. Hayek's Road to Serfdom and John Jewkes's The New Ordeal by Planning, whose arguments differ crucially from those against market socialism by Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny. An economic analysis of the political institutions of democratic socialism shows that democratic socialism must necessarily fail for political (not economic) reasons even if nobody in authority has ill-intentions or abuses their power. Keywords: Orwell, Hayek, democratic socialism, market socialism, totalitarianism JEL Codes: A12, B24, B25, B31, B51, B53, D70, I20, J00, J20, J30, J47, P10, P20, P30, P50, Z11 Few anti-communist works are more famous than those by George Orwell. The language and expressions of Animal Farm (Orwell 1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (Orwell 1949) are so well-known that they have entered common currency1 and these two fictions are sometimes assigned by conservatives as the quintessential refutations of socialism and communism. -
George Orwell
GEORGE ORWELL Literary Lives General Editor: Richard Dutton, Professor of English Lancaster University This series offers stimulating accounts of the literary careers of the most admired and influential English-language authors. Volumes follow the outline of writers' working lives, not in the spirit of traditional biography, but aiming to trace the professional, publishing and social contexts which shaped their writing. A list of the published titles in this series follows overleaf. Published titles include Cedric C. Brown Michael O'Neill JOHN MILTON PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY Peter Davison Leonee Ormond GEORGE ORWELL ALFRED TENNYSON Richard Dutton George Parfitt WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE JOHN DONNE Jan Fergus Gerald Roberts JANE AUSTEN GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS James Gibson Felicity Rosslyn THOMAS HARDY ALEXANDER POPE Kenneth Graham Tony Sharpe HENRY JAMES T. S. ELIOT Paul Hammond Grahame Smith JOHN DRYDEN CHARLES DICKENS W. David Kay Gary Waller BEN JONSON EDMUND SPENSER Mary Lago Cedric Watts E. M. FORSTER JOSEPH CONRAD Alasdair D. F. Macrae John Williams W. B. YEATS WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Joseph McMinn Tom Winnifrith and Edward Chitham JONATHAN SWIFT CHARLOTTE AND EMILY BRONTE Kerry McSweeney John Worthen GEORGE ELIOT (MARIAN EVANS) D. H. LAWRENCE John Mepham VIRGINIA WOOLF George Orwell A Literary Life Peter Davison © Peter Davison 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 978-0-333-54157-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with * the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, london WI P OlP. -
The Road from George Orwell: His Achievement and Legacy
The Road from George Orwell: His Achievement and Legacy Alberto Lázaro Editor PETER LANG The Road from George Orwell: His Achievement and Legacy This page intentionally left blank Alberto Lázaro (ed.) The Road from George Orwell: His Achievement and Legacy PETER LANG Bern • Berlin • Bruxelles • Frankfurt am Main • New York • Oxford • Wien Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme The road from George Orwell : his achievement and legacy / Alberto Lázaro (ed.). – Bern ; Berlin ; Bruxelles ; Frankfurt am Main ; New York ; Oxford ; Wien : Lang, 2001 ISBN 3-906766-79-9 British Library and Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library, Great Britain, and from The Library of Congress, USA Cover design: Thomas Jaberg, Peter Lang AG ISBN 3-906766-79-9 US-ISBN 0-8204-5337-4 © Peter Lang AG, European Academic Publishers, Bern 2001 Jupiterstr. 15, Postfach, 3000 Bern 15, Switzerland [email protected], www.peterlang.net All rights reserved. All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. Printed in Germany Contents Preface.............................................................................................7 Part I: Re-Evaluations FERNANDO GALVÁN The Road to Utopia, or On Orwell’s -
Ewa Kołodziejczyk Czesław Miłosz in Postwar America
Ewa Kołodziejczyk Czesław Miłosz in Postwar America Ewa Kołodziejczyk Czesław Miłosz in Postwar America Translated by Michał Janowski Managing Editors: Katarzyna I. Michalak & Katarzyna Grzegorek Language Editor: Adam Tod Leverton Associate Editor: Francesca Corazza ISBN 978-83-956696-3-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-83-956696-4-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-069614-1 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. © 2020 Ewa Kołodziejczyk Published by De Gruyter Poland Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Original Polish edition: Amerykańskie powojnie Czesława Miłosza, 2015 The publication is funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as a part of the National Programme for the Development of Humanities in the years 2017-2019 [0025/NPRH5/H21/84/2017]. Translated by Michał Janowski Managing Editors: Katarzyna I. Michalak & Katarzyna Grzegorek Language Editor: Adam Tod Leverton Associate Editor: Francesca Corazza www.degruyter.com Cover illustration: Jeffrey Czum/Pexels Contents Abbreviations — XI Foreword: From the Adventures of a Twentieth-Century Gulliver — XII Acknowledgements — XIV Introduction — 1 Chapter 1: Activités de Surface — 10 The Circumstances of the Departure for the USA -
Two Opposing Economic-Literary Critiques of Socialism: George Orwell Versus Eugen Richter and Henry Hazlitt
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Munich RePEc Personal Archive MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Two Opposing Economic-Literary Critiques of Socialism: George Orwell Versus Eugen Richter and Henry Hazlitt Michael Makovi 27. February 2015 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62528/ MPRA Paper No. 62528, posted 6. March 2015 06:58 UTC Two Opposing Economic-Literary Critiques of Socialism: George Orwell Versus Eugen Richter and Henry Hazlitt Michael Makovi Abstract: Orwell's famous fictions, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four criticized totalitarian forms of socialism from a Public Choice perspective, assuming that socialism would work as an economic system as long as the proper political institutions were in place to curb the potential for the abuse of power. This is contrasted with two novels by others who took the opposite approach: Richter's Pictures of the Socialistic Future and Hazlitt's Time Will Run Back. These two assumed that the political implementation of socialism would be perfect but that socialism would necessarily turn totalitarian because of the problem of economic calculation. These novels assumed away the Public Choice problem of institutions and the abuse of power and focused on the political implications of socialism as a purely economic system. Contrasting these two sets of novels shows how the Austrian and Public Choice schools criticize socialism in two entirely different ways. Keywords: Orwell, Richter, Hazlitt, democratic socialism, totalitarianism JEL Categories: B12, B24, B25, B31, B51, B53, D72, P20, P30, Z11 Perhaps George Orwell's two fictions, Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) need no introduction, for they are sometimes assigned as the quintessential refutations of socialism and communism.