Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health

Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health critically explores the current theory and practice of ethno-psychiatry and multicultural mental health practices and policies. Through an in- depth discussion of the work of Suman Fernando, one of the world’s leading scholars and researchers in race, culture and mental health, an international selection of contributors discuss and debate issues affecting mental health and minority ethnic individuals and groups. The book offers a new approach to global mental health, arguing that the use of outdated and outmoded ways in which psychiatry is researched and practised is a thing of the past, that social justice can only be achieved through a more democratic approach to mental health care and emphasizing that the inclusion of cultural and traditional healing methods and practices are vital to meeting diverse needs. Split into five parts, the book covers: • critique of Western psychiatry and mental health; • challenges and opportunities in mental health care; • training and development in mental health practice; • transnational contexts: engaging the work of Suman Fernando; • personal reflections on Suman Fernando’s life and work. Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health is ideal for researchers and practitioners in health and mental health, psychiatry, counselling and psychotherapy and anyone interested in the intersection of race, culture and mental health. Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 Roy Moodley, PhD, is Associate Professor of Counselling Psychology at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada, and Director of the University of Toronto’s Centre for Diversity in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Martha Ocampo is a long- standing community activist, promoting anti-racist action in the mental health field in Toronto, and a founding member of Across Boundaries: An Ethnoracial Mental Health Centre, a community agency for racialized communities. She now works as a freelance consultant and trainer. This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health Exploring the work of Suman Fernando in clinical practice Edited by Roy Moodley and Martha Ocampo Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 First published 2014 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Roy Moodley and Martha Ocampo The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Critical psychiatry and mental health : exploring the work of Suman Fernando in clinical practice / edited by Roy Moodley and Martha Ocampo. pages cm 1. Psychiatry, Transcultural. 2. Ethnopsychology. I. Moodley, Roy. II. Ocampo, Martha, 1947– RC455.4.E8C75 2014 616.89–dc23 2013050551 ISBN: 978-0-415-53247-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-01658-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-78003-0 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 Contents Notes on contributors ix Foreword xiii Acknowledgements xv Introduction 1 PART I Critique of Western psychiatry and mental health 11 1 Transcultural psychiatry and mental health 13 SUMAN FERNANDO 2 Racism in psychiatry 22 SUMAN FERNANDO 3 Ethno- racial representations and the burden of ‘Otherness’ in mental health 33 ROY MOODLEY 4 Is there an emancipatory psychiatry? 43 Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 JOHN EVERSLEY PART II Challenges and opportunities in mental health care 55 5 The challenge of diversity to mental health services 57 DAVID INGLEBY vi Contents 6 Race, culture and mental health care for refugees 69 CHARLES WATTERS 7 Developing mental health policies that address race and culture 79 HÁRI SEWELL 8 Religion, race and mental health: the scientific evidence 90 ALISON GRAY AND JOHN COX 9 In the therapist’s chair is Suman Fernando 102 CHARMAINE WILLIAMS PART III Training and development in mental health practice 109 10 Institutional racism as a seminal concept of cultural competency training 111 JASWANT GUZDER 11 Race equality and cultural capability training in mental health 123 PETER FERNS 12 Race and cultural diversity: the training of psychologists and psychiatrists 134 RACHEL TRIBE 13 An anti- racism and anti- oppression framework in mental health practice 145 MARTHA OCAMPO AND FRITZ LUTHER PINO Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 PART IV Transnational contexts: engaging the work of Suman Fernando 157 14 Developing mental health services: the myth of ‘global’ mental health 159 SUMAN FERNANDO Contents vii 15 Critical psychiatry in Canada 170 LAURENCE J. KIRMAYER 16 Culture, race and ethnicity in US psychiatry 182 CARL C. BELL AND DOMINICA F. MC BRIDE 17 Race, culture and psychiatry in South Africa 193 NKOKONE TEMA AND THOLENE SODI 18 Mental health services in Sri Lanka 204 CHAMINDRA WEERACKODY AND SUMAN FERNANDO 19 Transcultural psychiatry, psychology and social entrepreneurship in Denmark 215 RASHMI SINGLA 20 Culture and mental health in Aotearoa, New Zealand 227 JUDI CLEMENTS AND WAYNE BLISSETT PART V Personal reflections on Suman Fernando’s life and work 237 The life and times of Suman Fernando 239 TED LO Suman Fernando’s roots in Sri Lanka 244 CHAMINDRA WEERACKODY Suman Fernando’s contribution to British psychiatry 248 JOHN COX Satisfy my soul: Suman Fernando’s work in mental health 253 Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 KAMALDEEP BHUI Suman Fernando and university mental health systems 257 SHARON MIER Suman Fernando foraging a place for disenfranchised populations in mental health 260 OLIVER TREACY viii Contents A ‘race’ against time: Suman Fernando’s contribution to clinical psychology 262 ZENOBIA NADIRSHAW Concluding remarks: future directions of psychiatry and mental health 265 SUMAN FERNANDO Index 268 Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 Contributors Editors Roy Moodley, PhD, is Associate Professor of Counselling Psychology in the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto and Director of the Centre for Diversity in Counselling and Psychotherapy (CDCP). Research interests include: critical multicultural counselling; race, culture and psychotherapy; traditional healing; and gender and identity. Roy has authored and edited several papers and books, including Outside the Sentence: Readings in Critical Multicultural Counselling and Psychotherapy (2011). Martha Ocampo is a Race, Culture and Mental Health consultant with Martha Ocampo and Associates, providing educational and training workshops at mental health agencies, colleges, universities and the general public. Martha was a founding member of Across Boundaries (AB): An Ethnoracial Mental Health Centre in Toronto. She was also the Co- director of Programs and Ser- vices, and the Education and Resource Manager at AB. She played a key role in developing the centre’s Holistic Model of Care within an anti- racism/anti- oppression framework. She developed leadership and advocacy training for marginalized groups and co- authored Let’s Talk, a guidebook on education about violence against women in the Filipino community. She is the Advisory Chair of the Board of the Carlos Bulosan Theatre in Toronto. Downloaded by [New York University] at 01:42 15 August 2016 Contributors Carl C. Bell, MD, is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Public Health and Dir- ector of the Institute for Juvenile Research (IJR) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. IJR provides child and family research, training and service, employing numerous academic faculty and support staff, and is the birthplace of child psychiatry. Kamaldeep Bhui, PhD, is a Professor at the Centre for Psychiatry at the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and London School of x Contributors Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London. He is Director of Cultural Consultation Service; Director of MSc Transcultural Mental Health- care and MSc Psychological Therapies. Wayne Blissett, BSW (Hons), has worked in the area of Maori mental health in New Zealand for 20 years. Wayne specializes in bicultural systems development and working with organizations to be more responsive to cultural needs of Maori communities across all aspects of the mental health system. Judi Clements, LLB, MA, was Chief Executive at the Mental Health Founda- tion of New Zealand. From 1991 to 2000, Chief Executive of Mind, the National Association for Mental

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