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European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES 05/12249 Forest pests on the territories of the former USSR As part of a broader programme of analysis of the risk of forest pests in the former USSR to other parts of EPPO region, the EPPO Secretariat has made a collection of information concerning the pests of forest trees in the former USSR. The table first presented at the Panel meeting in Helsinki (2000-02-8/10) and then in Perm’ (2000-07-04/07), Paris (2001-03-13/15), Zagreb (2001-07-03/05), Vilnius (2002-03-12/14), Paris (2002-09-24/26), Riga (2003-04-01/04), Venezia (IT, 2003-10-1/3) and Grisslehamn (SE, 2004-09-27/29) was devided into 10 tables: (1) the most important (for non-European part of the EPPO region) pests for which PRA was performed by the Panel; (2) forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR (intended to be included into the PQR system), for which either more information is needed, or for which pathways do not at present exist, or whose host plants are not of importance for Central and Western Europe; (3a) less important (for non-European part of the EPPO region) pests which are present in Central/Western Europe; (3b) forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region; (4) pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritised; (5) first priority (for non-European part of the EPPO region) forest diseases; (6) forest diseases, for which more information is needed; (7a) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, but which are already present in other parts of the EPPO region; (7b) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region; (8) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritised. The information is presented in the form of tables which, it is intended, will finally include all recorded forest pests. The data has been obtained mainly from a study of the major forestry publications in the Russian language, and continue by an analysis of regionally-oriented literature in order to ensure that those pests are included that may be of concern to only a relatively small part of this large geographic area or that may attack host plants of minor importance. The further continuation of this programme will be to prioritize these pests into categories of importance as potential quarantine pests to the rest of EPPO region; thereafter, more detailed information will be collected about the priority pests in order to perform PRAs to decide whether these pests should be quarantine pests and what measures should be taken to prevent their introduction. Structure of the table The table is arranged in order of the following pest groups, insects, mites, nematodes, fungi and bacteria, and then subdivided according to the taxonomy of the groups. It presents the identity of each pest, with the scientific name, (as verified by the Arthropod Name Index (ANI) data base of CABI, or the EPPO Plant Protection Thesaurus), as well as the name generally used in Soviet literature (placed in square brackets). 2 Information on distribution of the pest covers distribution in the former USSR and distribution in other countries. The distribution in the former USSR covers the fifteen Soviet Socialist Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan). In this report, because of its large geographic area, the Russian Federation is subdivided into the following arbitrary units, which do not correspond exactly with the administrative subdivisions 1 (see Figure 1): 1. North European Russia (N.E.Russia) – republics of Karelia and Komi; oblast’s of Arkhangel’sk and Murmansk; 2. Central European Russia (C.E.Russia) – republics of Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Maryi, Mordovia, Tatarstan and Udmurtia; oblast’s of Bryansk, Vladimir, Gor’ki, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kirov, Kostroma, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Moscow, Novgorod, Oryol, Penza, Perm’, Ryasan’, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula, Tver’, Ulianovsk, Vologda and Yaroslavl’; 3. South European Russia (S.E.Russia) – krays of Krasnodar and Stavropol’; republics of Chechnya, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia and North Ossetia; oblast’s of Astrakhan’, Belgorod, Kursk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Orenburg, Rostov, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd and Voronezh; 4. North – Western Siberia (N.W.Siberia) – north-west of Krasnoyarsk kray; north of Tyumen’ oblast’; 5. North – Eastern Siberia (N.E.Siberia) – republic of Sakha; north-east of Krasnoyarsk kray; 6. Southern Siberia (S.Siberia) – republic of Tuva; Altay kray, south of Krasnoyarsk kray; oblast’s of Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novossibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk and Tomsk; south of Tyumen’ oblast’; 7. Transbaikalia (Transbaik.) – republic of Buryatia; oblast’ of Chita; 8. North of the Russian Far East (N.FarEast) – oblast’s of Kamchatka and Magadan; 9. South of the Russian Far East (S.FarEast) – krays of Khabarovsk and Primorie; oblast’s of Amur and Sakhalin. Also for convenience, some of the other Soviet Socialist Republics are grouped as follows: Baltic countries – 3 countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and Kaliningrad oblast' of Russia; Central Asia – 4 countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; Transcaucasus – 3 countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. The table contains a column giving the main host genera, in order of host importance, and a column with the parts of the host plants that are damaged by the pest (e.g. fruits, seeds, leaves, trunks and branches, roots, cut wood). Then the economic significance of the pest damage in the areas of origin is given according to the following broad categories: VH – very high; H – high; M – medium; L – low; VL – very low, often with a range (e.g. L – H) showing differences in importance in different parts of the region. If the pest is regarded as a quarantine pest in another part of the world, this is noted in the next column. Finally, the last column presents some remarks concerning damage, host plants or vector status. 1 Note that the Russian Federation is divided into territorial units each called either "republic", "oblast'" or "kray", the differences between these units depending on their level of autonomy. 3 Baltic countries + Kaliningrad RU LT LV EE BY MD N.E.Russia N.FarEast UA Black C.E.Russia Sea N.E.Siberia S.E.Russia N.W.Siberia RU Transcaucasus GE AM AZ S.Siberia Aral Caspian Sea KZ S.FarEast Sea Transbaik TM UZ Central Asia TJ KG Figure 1. The area of the former USSR. Countries are shown by their two-letter country codes: AM – Armenia; AZ – Azerbaijan; BY – Belarus; EE – Estonia; GE – Georgia; KG- Kyrgyzstan; KZ – Kazakhstan; LT – Lithuania; LV – Latvia; MD – Moldova; RU – Russian Federation; TJ – Tajikistan; TM – Turkmenistan; UA – Ukraine; UZ – Uzbekistan. For the purposes of displaying pest distribution in this project, the Russian Federation is divided into nine sub-units (as described in the text). 4 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA Table 1. Most important forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of their actual distribution for wich PRA has been conducted Distribution Main host plants in the former Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries USSR parts of signifi- organisms America plants cance in the area of origin Insecta Coleoptera 1.1 Agrilus planipennis Buprestidae Not known, but Introduced: North-eastern Fraxinus americana, F. chinensis, Trunks M – H (= Agrilus feretrius according to Haack et al. Canada China (Jilin, F. japonica, F. lanunginosa, F. (under Obenberger = (2002 ) is present in the (Ontario: Liaoning, mandshuriana, F. mandshurica, bark) Agrilus marcopili Far East of Russia Essex Heilogjiang, Inner F. nigra, F. pennsylvanica, F. Obenberger = county), Mongolia, Hebei rhynchophylla, Juglans Agrilus marcopoli USA and Shandong mandshurica, Pterocarya ulmi Kurowasa) ** (Michigan: Provinces), Japan, rhoifolia, Ulmus davidiana and U. Livingston, Korea Republic, propinqua . No data is given on Macomb, Mongolia and the susceptibility of ash species Oakland, Taiwan commonly growing in Europe Monroe, (e.g. F. excelsior, F. angustifolia ). Washtenaw and Wayne counties; Ohio: Lucas county) 1.2 Melanophila Buprestidae Russia ( Eastern half of Absent Absent, Attacks mainly larch ( Larix Trunks M – VH guttulata Gebler (= European Russia, intercepted in sibirica , L. gmelinii and other (under Phaenops guttulatus Siberia, Transbaïkalia, 1985 in pine larch species), but also Abies (A. bark) Gebler = Phaenops Far East) wood ( Pinus sibirica, A. sp. ), Picea (P. abies, guttulata Gebler = sylvestris ) P. ajanensis, P. obovata, P. sp. ), Melanophila imported from Pinus ( P. sibirica, P. sylvestris, P. discopunctata Fald. = Russia to Finland sp. ) Melanophila fulvoguttata Kerr. = Phaenops fulvoguttata Jacobs.) * 5 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.3 Aeolesthes sarta Cerambycidae Turkmenistan, Absent
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