EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES

05/12249

Forest pests on the territories of the former USSR

As part of a broader programme of analysis of the risk of forest pests in the former USSR to other parts of EPPO region, the EPPO Secretariat has made a collection of information concerning the pests of forest trees in the former USSR. The table first presented at the Panel meeting in Helsinki (2000-02-8/10) and then in Perm’ (2000-07-04/07), Paris (2001-03-13/15), Zagreb (2001-07-03/05), Vilnius (2002-03-12/14), Paris (2002-09-24/26), Riga (2003-04-01/04), Venezia (IT, 2003-10-1/3) and Grisslehamn (SE, 2004-09-27/29) was devided into 10 tables: (1) the most important (for non-European part of the EPPO region) pests for which PRA was performed by the Panel; (2) forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR (intended to be included into the PQR system), for which either more information is needed, or for which pathways do not at present exist, or whose host plants are not of importance for Central and Western Europe; (3a) less important (for non-European part of the EPPO region) pests which are present in Central/Western Europe; (3b) forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region; (4) pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritised; (5) first priority (for non-European part of the EPPO region) forest diseases; (6) forest diseases, for which more information is needed; (7a) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, but which are already present in other parts of the EPPO region; (7b) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region; (8) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritised. The information is presented in the form of tables which, it is intended, will finally include all recorded forest pests. The data has been obtained mainly from a study of the major forestry publications in the Russian language, and continue by an analysis of regionally-oriented literature in order to ensure that those pests are included that may be of concern to only a relatively small part of this large geographic area or that may attack host plants of minor importance.

The further continuation of this programme will be to prioritize these pests into categories of importance as potential quarantine pests to the rest of EPPO region; thereafter, more detailed information will be collected about the priority pests in order to perform PRAs to decide whether these pests should be quarantine pests and what measures should be taken to prevent their introduction.

Structure of the table The table is arranged in order of the following pest groups, insects, mites, nematodes, fungi and bacteria, and then subdivided according to the taxonomy of the groups. It presents the identity of each pest, with the scientific name, (as verified by the Arthropod Name Index (ANI) data base of CABI, or the EPPO Plant Protection Thesaurus), as well as the name generally used in Soviet literature (placed in square brackets).

2

Information on distribution of the pest covers distribution in the former USSR and distribution in other countries. The distribution in the former USSR covers the fifteen Soviet Socialist Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan). In this report, because of its large geographic area, the Russian Federation is subdivided into the following arbitrary units, which do not correspond exactly with the administrative subdivisions 1 (see Figure 1):

1. North European Russia (N.E.Russia) – republics of Karelia and Komi; oblast’s of Arkhangel’sk and Murmansk; 2. Central European Russia (C.E.Russia) – republics of Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Maryi, Mordovia, Tatarstan and Udmurtia; oblast’s of Bryansk, Vladimir, Gor’ki, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kirov, Kostroma, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Moscow, Novgorod, Oryol, Penza, Perm’, Ryasan’, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula, Tver’, Ulianovsk, Vologda and Yaroslavl’; 3. South European Russia (S.E.Russia) – krays of Krasnodar and Stavropol’; republics of Chechnya, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia and North Ossetia; oblast’s of Astrakhan’, Belgorod, Kursk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Orenburg, Rostov, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd and Voronezh; 4. North – Western Siberia (N.W.Siberia) – north-west of Krasnoyarsk kray; north of Tyumen’ oblast’; 5. North – Eastern Siberia (N.E.Siberia) – republic of Sakha; north-east of Krasnoyarsk kray; 6. Southern Siberia (S.Siberia) – republic of Tuva; Altay kray, south of Krasnoyarsk kray; oblast’s of Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novossibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk and Tomsk; south of Tyumen’ oblast’; 7. Transbaikalia (Transbaik.) – republic of Buryatia; oblast’ of Chita; 8. North of the Russian Far East (N.FarEast) – oblast’s of Kamchatka and Magadan; 9. South of the Russian Far East (S.FarEast) – krays of Khabarovsk and Primorie; oblast’s of Amur and Sakhalin.

Also for convenience, some of the other Soviet Socialist Republics are grouped as follows: Baltic countries – 3 countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and Kaliningrad oblast' of Russia; Central Asia – 4 countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; Transcaucasus – 3 countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

The table contains a column giving the main host genera, in order of host importance, and a column with the parts of the host plants that are damaged by the pest (e.g. fruits, seeds, leaves, trunks and branches, roots, cut wood). Then the economic significance of the pest damage in the areas of origin is given according to the following broad categories: VH – very high; H – high; M – medium; L – low; VL – very low, often with a range (e.g. L – H) showing differences in importance in different parts of the region. If the pest is regarded as a quarantine pest in another part of the world, this is noted in the next column. Finally, the last column presents some remarks concerning damage, host plants or vector status.

1 Note that the Russian Federation is divided into territorial units each called either "republic", "oblast'" or "kray", the differences between these units depending on their level of autonomy. 3

Baltic countries + Kaliningrad RU LT LV EE BY MD N.E.Russia N.FarEast UA Black C.E.Russia Sea N.E.Siberia S.E.Russia N.W.Siberia RU Transcaucasus GE AM AZ S.Siberia Aral Caspian Sea KZ S.FarEast Sea Transbaik TM UZ

Central Asia TJ KG

Figure 1. The area of the former USSR. Countries are shown by their two-letter country codes: AM – Armenia; AZ – Azerbaijan; BY – Belarus; EE – Estonia; GE – Georgia; KG- Kyrgyzstan; KZ – Kazakhstan; LT – Lithuania; LV – Latvia; MD – Moldova; RU – Russian Federation; TJ – Tajikistan; TM – Turkmenistan; UA – Ukraine; UZ – Uzbekistan. For the purposes of displaying pest distribution in this project, the Russian Federation is divided into nine sub-units (as described in the text).

4 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

Table 1. Most important forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of their actual distribution for wich PRA has been conducted

Distribution Main host plants in the former Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries USSR parts of signifi- organisms America plants cance in the area of origin Insecta Coleoptera 1.1 Agrilus planipennis Buprestidae Not known, but Introduced: North-eastern Fraxinus americana, F. chinensis, Trunks M – H (= Agrilus feretrius according to Haack et al. Canada China (Jilin, F. japonica, F. lanunginosa, F. (under Obenberger = (2002 ) is present in the (Ontario: Liaoning, mandshuriana, F. mandshurica, bark) Agrilus marcopili Far East of Russia Essex Heilogjiang, Inner F. nigra, F. pennsylvanica, F. Obenberger = county), Mongolia, Hebei rhynchophylla, Juglans Agrilus marcopoli USA and Shandong mandshurica, Pterocarya ulmi Kurowasa) ** (Michigan: Provinces), Japan, rhoifolia, Ulmus davidiana and U. Livingston, Korea Republic, propinqua . No data is given on Macomb, Mongolia and the susceptibility of ash species Oakland, Taiwan commonly growing in Europe Monroe, (e.g. F. excelsior, F. angustifolia ). Washtenaw and Wayne counties; Ohio: Lucas county) 1.2 Melanophila Buprestidae Russia ( Eastern half of Absent Absent, Attacks mainly larch ( Larix Trunks M – VH guttulata Gebler (= European Russia, intercepted in sibirica , L. gmelinii and other (under Phaenops guttulatus Siberia, Transbaïkalia, 1985 in pine larch species), but also Abies (A. bark) Gebler = Phaenops Far East) wood ( Pinus sibirica, A. sp. ), Picea (P. abies, guttulata Gebler = sylvestris ) P. ajanensis, P. obovata, P. sp. ), Melanophila imported from Pinus ( P. sibirica, P. sylvestris, P. discopunctata Fald. = Russia to Finland sp. ) Melanophila fulvoguttata Kerr. = Phaenops fulvoguttata Jacobs.) * 5 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.3 Aeolesthes sarta Cerambycidae Turkmenistan, Absent India (Western Many species of Ulmus , Populus , Trunks M – VH Main Solsky ** Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Himalayas), Salix , Platanus , Malus , Prunus , (wood) damage – in Kyrgyzstan (south) Pakistan (north), Pyrus , Juglans , Quercus , Betula , mountains Afghanistan, Iran Fraxinus , Acer , Morus , Gleditsia , and in city Robinia , Elaeagnus and many plantations other hardwoods and fruit trees. Its preferred hosts are: Ulmus minor , Ulmus pumila , Populus diversifolia , Populus euphratica , Populus talassica , Populus alba , Populus X euroamericana , Salix acmophylla , Salix turanica , Salix aongarica , Platanus orientalis , Platanus acerifolia , Malus pumila and Juglans regia . 1.4 [Corymbia Cerambycidae Russia ( Transbaikalia, Absent Northern China, All available of conifer species, Trunks VL – L succedanea L. (= South Far East) Japan, Koreas but prefers Pinus koraiensis, (wood) Leptura succedanea Pinus pumila and Picea species L. = Anoplodera (P. abies, P. ajanensis, P. succedanea Lew.) ] * obovata, P. sp. )

1.5 Dokhtouroffia (= Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan; Absent Absent Spruce and fir, especially Picea Trunks L – M Dokhturovia = Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan schrenkiana and Abies semenovii (wood) Dochturovia ) baeckmanni Yankovskii *

1.6 Hesperophanes Cerambycidae Armenia (recently), Absent Japan, Northern Attacks Malus (M. domestica, M. L – H campestris southern Kazakhstan, China, Northern sp. ), Morus , Sorbus (= (= Trichoferus Kyrgyzstan, Russia Korea, northern Micromeles) alnifolia, Astragalus, campestris (south-east of European Mongolia Gleditsia, Salix, Betula, Faldermann = part - recently, Broussonetia papirifera and other Trichoferus Transbaikalia, Eastern fruit and deciduous trees, turkestanicus Heyden Siberia, Far East), preferring mainly Malus and = Trichoferus Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Morus , may attack cut wood of flavopubescens Picea ( P. schrenkiana ) and Pinus Kolbe = Trichoferus rusticus Ganglbauer) ** 1.7 Monochamus Cerambycidae N.E.Russia (East), Absent Northern Attacks all available species of Trunks L – M impluviatus C.E.Russia (East), Mongolia; coniferous in its natural area (wood) Motschulsky * N.E.Siberia, N.W. Northern China; (Larix , Pinus , Picea , Abies and Siberia, S.Siberia, Japan; Korea others), but prefers Larix ( L. Transbaikalia, S.Far gmelinii, L. sibirica, L. sp. ) and East Pinus sibirica

6 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.8 Tetropium Cerambycidae N.E. Siberia (introduced Absent Northern China, All available species of spruce, Trunks L – H gracilicorne Reitter to Kamchatka where it northern Japan fir, larch and pine, but prefers (under ** spread rapidly and is (Hokkaido, Larix gmelinii , Larix sibirica, bark) now an important pest), Honshu), northern Pinus sibirica, P. koraiensis, P. N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia, Mongolia, sylvestris, Abies nephrolepis, S. Far East, Kazakhstan Koreas. In 1998 Picea ajanensis intercepted in Austria in larch wood originating from Siberia 1.9 Tetropium Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Absent Northwestern Attacks spruce, especially Picea Trunks L – M staudingeri Pic. (= Uzbekistan China schrenkiana . Many authors note (under Tetropium only Picea schrenkiana as a host bark) tjanshanicum plant Semenov = Tetropium staudingeri Plavilstshikov) * 1.10 [Turcmenigena (= Cerambycidae Kazakhstan, Absent Absent Attacks mainly saxauls, especially Trunks L – M Turkmenigena ) Turkmenistan, Haloxylon aphyllum and H. and roots varentzovi Uzbekistan persicum , but also Salsola , (under Melgunov ] * especially S. richteri bark) 1.11 Xylotrechus altaicus Cerambycidae N. E. Siberia, N. W. Absent Northern Attacks only larch: Larix sibirica, Trunks L – H Gebler (= Xyloclytus Siberia, S. Siberia, N. Mongolia L. gmelinii, L. olgensis, L. (wood) altaicus Gebler) ** Far East, Transbaïkalia, kamtschatica, L. x maritima and S. Far East other larch species present in its natural range 1.12 Xylotrechus Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Absent Afghanistan, Juglans , Prunus , Malus , Morus , Trunks L – H namanganensis Tajikistan, China, possibly Crataegus , Elaeagnus , Populus , (wood) Heyden ** Turkmenistan, Iran Ulmus , Celtis , Salix , Betula, Uzbekistan. Alnus, Platanus, other deciduous trees 1.13 Agelastica alni Chrysomelidae Kazakhstan (South- Absent China, Iran, Attacks Salix, Populus (P. alba, Leaves L – M Main orientalis Baly (= A. East); Kyrgyzstan; possibly P. sp. ), Prunus dulcis, Malus and damage - to orientalis Baly) * Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan Betula young trees Turkmenistan

1.14 Hylobius albosparsus Curculionidae Russia (North-East of Absent China, Japan, Attacks all available species of Trunks L – M Boheman * the European part, Korea, Mongolia conifers within its natural range, (under Siberia, Transbaikalia, but prefers Larix ( L. gmelinii, L. bark) Far East, including sibirica, L. lubarskii, L. olgensis, Sakhalin, Kamchatka L. sp. ), Pinus (P. sibirica, P. and Magadan) sylvestris, P. sp. ) and Picea ( P. abies, P. obovata, P. sp. ) 1.15 Polyphylla (= Scarabaeidae C.E.Russia, S.E.Russia, Absent Northern and Feeds on roots of many plants Roots L – M Main Xerasiobia ) alba S. Siberia; Azerbaijan, central China including forest trees. Among damage – to Pallas (= Polyphylla Armenia, Georgia, (Djungaria, Gobi agricultural crops, the most often young hololeuca Pallas) * Kazakhstan, North of desert, Guansi), damages roots of fruit trees, grape plantations Turkmenistan, Mongolia wine, potato, beet and strawberry Uzbekistan, Ukraine 7 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.16 Ips golovjankoi Scolytidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia Absent Northern China, Attacks pine, especially Pinus Trunks VL – L Pjatnitzkii (East), Transbaik.; S. northern Japan, koraiensis, P. sibirica and P. x (under (Orthotomicus Far East northern Korea funebris , and spruce, especially bark) golovjankoi Picea ajanensis and P. obovata Pjatnitzkii) * 1.17 Ips hauseri Reitter ** Scolytidae S. Siberia (Altai Kray); Absent Absent Attacks spruce, pine and larch, Trunks M – H Main Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, especially Picea schrenkiana, (under damage – to Tajikistan Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris bark) forests in and Pinus pallasiana mountains

1.18 Ips spessivtsevi Scolytidae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Absent Absent Attacks spruce, especially Picea Trunks M – H Lebedev (= Tadjikistan schrenkiana (under Pityogenes bark) spessivtsevi Lebedev = Pityogenes perfosus Bees.) * 1.19 Ips subelongatus Scolytidae Russia (north-east of Absent Northern Attacks mainly larch: Larix Trunks L – H Motschulsky (= Ips European Russia, all Mongolia; sibirica , L. gmelinii , L. olgensis , (under fallax Egg.) ** Siberia, Transbaikalia Northern China and other larch species, but also bark) and Far East) Pinus ( P. sylvestris, P. sibiricus , P. koraiensis ), Picea , Abies and other coniferous present in its natural range 1.20 Scolytus morawitzi Scolytidae Russia (centre and north Absent Northern Attacks mainly larch: L. gmelinii , Trunks L – M Semenow of European Russia, Mongolia L. olgensis , L. kamtschatica , Larix (under (= Eccoptogaster Southern Siberia, south sibirica , L. x maritima and other bark) morawitzi Semenow of N. E. Siberia, south of larch species present in its natural = Scolytus pini N. W. Siberia, range, but also Pinus sibiricus, P. Eggers) ** Transbaikalia, Far East) koraiensis and other coniferous

8 Table 1. INSECTS DIPTERA & HOMOPTERA Diptera 1.21 Strobilomyia [ = Anthomyiidae S. Far East Absent Northeastern Larix gmelini , L. olgensis , and L. Cones and M - H Lasiomma] China cajanderi seeds luteoforceps Fan & Fang (= Lasiomma jurtschenkoi Elberg)* 1.22 Strobilomyia viaria Anthomyiidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia Widespread Northeastern Attacks cones of larch species: Cones and M – H Data of Dr. Huckett (= Lasiomma (Baikal area), in Western (Lianoning, Jilin, Larix gmelini , L. olgensis , L. seeds Alain melaniola Fan. = Transbaikalia, N. Far Canada and Heilongjiang principis-rupprechti , and L. Roques Strobilomyia East (Kamtchatka) USA Inner Mongolia) cajanderi melaniola Fan.) ** and Central China 1.23 Cecidomyia pumila Cecidomyiidae N. Far East Absent China Pinus pumila, may also Cones and M-H Data of Dr. Mamaev* occasionnally infest Pinus sibirica Seeds Alain Roques 1.24 Resseliella ingrica Cecidomyiidae C. E. Russia (Leningrad Absent Absent Infests cones of spruce, Picea Cones and M - H Data of Dr. Mamaev (= region), S. Siberia abies and P. obovata seeds Alain Thomasiniana (Krasnoyarsk territory) Roques ingrica Mamaev) * Homoptera 1.25 Adelges lapponicus Adelgidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Estonia (in parks), Prefers Picea abies but may Young L – M Main Kholodkovskii (= Russia; Baltic countries; Finland, develop on P. obovata, P. glauca, sprouts damage - Chermes lapponicus Belarus Kyrgyzstan P. mariana, P. schrenkiana, P. and to young trees in var. praecox (introduced) pungens, P. ajanensis and other needles plantations Kholodkovskii = spruce species and Adelges laplanicus nurseries Kholodkovskii) * 1.26 Ceroplastes Coccidae S. E. Russia Not yet China, Japan, Damages 95 to 121 plant species, Trunks, L – H Coccidae japonicus Green (= (introduced); checked Republic Korea, prefers Laurus nobilis , Diospyros leaves & Cerostegia japonicus Transcaucasus, New Zealand, kaki , Camellia sinensis and Morus branches Green = Ceroplastes Azerbaijan (introduced), Great Britain spp. Less preferable are Prunus floridensis Comst . = Georgia including (introduced), laurocerasus , Citrus reticulata, Ceroplastes Adzharia and Abkhasia south-eastern Citrus unshiu and some other floridensis var. (introduced), China, France Citrus spp., then come Malus japonicus Green) * Japan, Republic of (introduced), Italy spp., Magnolia spp., Poncirus Korea (introduced), trifoliata , Camellia spp., Slovenia Pittosporum , Crataegus spp. (introduced) 1.27 Ceroplastes sinensis Coccidae Southern Russia Mexico, Algeria, Australia, Damages 30 to 137 species of Trunks, L – H Coccidae Del Guercio * (introduced); Azerbai jan USA Benin, Brazil, plants. It prefers different Citrus leaves & (introduced), Georgia China, Cot species (especially Citrus branches including Adzharia and d’Ivoire, Egypt, sinensis ), Punica granatum , Abkhasia (introduced), France, Hawaii, Laurus nobilis , Diospyros kaki , Tajikistan (introduced), India, Iran, Italy, Camellia sinensis, Eriobotrya Uzbekistan (introduced) Japan, Morocco, japonica, Juglans regia, Prunus Mozambique, persica, Pyrus spp. and many New Zealand, other plants. On herbaceous Portugal, Spain, plants, the pest may develop only Syria, Togo, larvae of the first and the second Tunisia, Turkey, stages. Viet Nam 9 Table 1. INSECTS HOMOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA & ISOPTERA

1.28 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae Russia (South of the Far Not known Northern China, Polyphagous pest, damaging Trunks & L – M Main ussuriensis East and Sakhalin) Japan (Hokkaido, Ulmus, Alnus, Malus, Populus, branches damage - Borchsenius (= Honshu) Betula, Euonymus, Syringa, and (on the to young Paralepidosaphes many other plants bark) plants ussuriensis Borchsenius) ** Hymenoptera 1.29 Dryocosmus Cynipidae Absent USA. (south China, Italy Attacks Castanea crenata , C. Twigs & L – M east: (Piedmont region, dentata , C. mollissima , C. sativa nuts (= Biorhiza ) Georgia, South of Cuneo and their hybrids. Infests also C. kuriphilus Alabama, province) Japan, seguinii in China, but not yet Yasumatsu ** North Korea other wild North American Carolina and species of Castanea : C. pumila Tennessee) and C. alnifolia , which are often grown adjacent to infested chestnuts 1.30 Sirex ermak Siricidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Absent Not known. Attacks several species of Larix Trunks VL – M Siberia, S. Siberia, Possibly northern (L. gmelinii, L. sibirica , preferred (wood) Semenov-Tian- Transbaikalia, S. Far Mongolia and hosts, L. sp .), Picea ( P. ajanensis, Shanskii (= Paururus East (including Sakhalin northern China P. obovata, P. sp. ), Pinus (P. ermak Semenov) ** island) sibirica, P. sp.) and Abies ( A. sibirica, A. sp. ) Isoptera 1.31 Anacanthotermes (= Termitidae Kyrgyzstan, southern Absent Iran Attacks all available kinds of Wood M – H Main Hodotermes = Kazakhstan, wood (coniferous and deciduous) damage - Acanthotermes) Tajikistan, paper and cardboard, cotton to ahngerianus Turkmenistan, textile and other materials telegraph- Jacobson * Uzbekistan containing cellulose; also may poles, wood damage plastic materials: peno- in polyurethane, polyethylene, foam buildings, plastic, glass-fibre plastics, etc. etc. Known to damage seeds and plants of Haloxylon sp., Salsola (S. richteri, S. gemmascens, S. arbuscula, S. dendroides, S. sp.), Artemisia ( A. harba alba, A. kemrudica, A. sp.), Alhagi persarum , Lagonychium farctum , Gossypium sp., Ephedra strobilacea , Astrogalus unifoliolatus, Euclidium syriacum, Carex pachistilis , Koelpinia linearis , Lepidium perfoliatum , Reaumuria sp., Malcolmia sp., Alyssum sp., Gramineae , and some other

10 Table 1. INSECTS ISOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

1.32 Anacanthotermes (= Termitidae Tajikistan, Absent Iran Attacks all available kinds of Wood M – H Main Hodotermes = Turkmenistan, wood (coniferous and deciduous) damage - Acanthotermes) Uzbekistan paper and cardboard, cotton to turkestanicus textile and other materials telegraph- Jacobson * containing cellulose; also may pol es, wood damage plastic materials: peno- in polyurethane, polyethylene, foam buildings, plastic, glass-fibre plastics, etc. etc. Known to damage seeds and plants of Salsola dendroides and S. sp., Alchagi persarum , Morus alba , Vitis vinifera , Malus domestica , Gleditsia , Gramineae , cotton and some other Lepidoptera 1.33 Coleophora dahurica Coleophoridae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia Absent China, Mongolia Attacks larch, especially Larix Needles L – M Fal'kovich * (East), Transbaik., N. gmelinii, L. sibirica and L. Far East, S. Far East olgensis 1.34 Erannis jacobsoni Geometridae N.E. Siberia (South), S. Absent Mongolia Attacks only larch, especially Leaves L – H Diakonoff (= Siberia (East), Larix gmelinii and Larix sibirica Hybernia jacobsoni Transbaik., N. Far East, Diakonoff * S. Far East (South) 1.35 Phyllonorycter (= Gracillariidae C. E. Russia Absent Korea, Japan, Make plicated mines in the lower Leaves L – H Main Lithocolletis = (introduced), S. E. Lithuania side of leaves of Tilia cordata damage – in Phyllorycter ) issikii Russia (introduced), S. (introduced), (preferred host), T. amurensis, T. city Kumata * Far East; Ukraine Czekia mandshurica, T. maximowicziana plantations (introduced) (introduced), and other Tilia, but also Betula Germany platyphylla (introduced), Austria (introduced), Poland (introduced) 1.36 Dendrolimus Lasiocampidae N.E.Russia, C.E. Russia, Absent Northern China; Attacks more than 20 species of Needles H – VH sibiricus N.E.Siberia, N.W. Korea Democratic Abies , Pinus , Larix , Picea and Tschetverikov (= D. Siberia, S. Siberia, People's Republic, Tsuga . Develops on practically all superans sibiricus Transbaik., N. Far East, Korea Republic; coniferous species in its natural Tschetverikov) (= D. S. Far East; Kazakhstan Northern area but prefers Abies sibirica , laricis Mongolia Abies nephrolepis , Pinus sibirica , Tschetverikov) ** Pinus koraiensis , Larix gmelinii , Larix sibirica , Picea ajanensis , Picea obovata

11 Table 1. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

1.37 Dendrolimus Lasiocampidae S. Far East (Sakhalin, Absent Korea; Japan Attacks many species of Abies , Needles H – VH superans Butler (= Kuril islands) Pinus , Larix , Picea and Tsuga . D. superans Develops on practically all albolineatus Butler = coniferous species in its natural Dendrolimus area but prefers Pinus pumila, albolineatus Larix kamtschatica, Larix Matsumura = maritima, Picea ajanensis and Dendrolimus Abies sachalinensis jezoensis Matsumura = Dendrolimus yezoensis Matsumura = Odonestis superans Butler ) ** 1.38 Malacosoma Lasiocampidae Armenia, eastern Absent Northern Iran, Atraphaxis pyrifolia, Berberis Leaves L – M parallela Kaz akhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Turkey integerrima, Cerasus verrucosa, Staudinger ** Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Chaenomeles japonica, and Turkmenistan. Cotoneaster acutiuscula, C. insignis, C. suavis, Crataegus hissarica, C. pontica, C. turkestanica, Cydonia oblonga, Fraxinus sogdiana, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Lonicera korolkowii, L. nummulariifolia, Malus domestica, M. sieversii, Myricaria bracteata, Populus alba, P. tremula, Prunus mahaleb, P. avium, P. armeniaca, P. bucharica, P. cerasus, P. divaricata, P. dulcis, P. padus var. pubescens, P. persica, Pyrus communis, Quercus boissieri, Q. macranthera, Q. robur subsp. robur, Ribes nigrum, R. rubrum, Rosa canina, R. corymbifera, R. kokanica, R. maracandica, Rubus idaeus, R. turkestanicus, Salix excelsa, S. tenuijulis, Sorbus persica, S. turkestanica and Ulmus sp. The most important damage occurs on almond , oak and wild apple trees. Important damage also occurs on Berberis, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Salix and Sorbus species. Other plants are damaged occasionally 12 Table 1. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 1.39 Dasychira Lymantriidae N.E.Siberia (south), Absent north of Attacks several species of Larix Needles L – M albodentata Bremer N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia Mongolia, north (mainly Larix gmelinii ), Pinus * (east), Transbaïkalia, S. of China (mainly Pinus sylvestris, Pinus Far East pumila and Pinus koraiensis ) and some other coniferous. Preferred hosts are Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris 1.40 Euproctis (= Lymantriidae S. Siberia (Altai Kray) ; Absent Iran, China Acer campestre, A. regelii, A. Leaves L – M Porthesia) kargalika Kazakhstan, (north-west) tataricum, A. turkestanicum, Moore (=Euproctis Kyrgyzstan, Alhagi sp ., Atraphaxis pyrifolia, karghalica Moore = Uzbekistan, Tajikistan Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Porthesia karghalika and Turkmenistan Caragana arborescens, Cerasus Strand = Euproctis verrucosa, Cotoneaster kargalica Grum- acutiuscula, C . insignis, C. suavis, Grzhimailo = Crataegus turcestanica, Cydonia Porthesia oblonga, Elaeagnus angustifolia, flavosulphurea Fragaria sp ., Hippophae Grum-Grzhimailo) rhamnoides, Irga sp., Malus * domestica, M. sieversii, Pistacia vera, Prunus armeniaca, P. avium, P. bucharica, P. cerasus, P. divaricata, P. dulcis, P. mahaleb, P. persica, Punica granatum, Pyrus bucharica, P. communis, Quercus sp., Rhucs coriaria, Ribes nigrum, R. rubrum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, R. corymbifera, R. kokanica, R. maracandica, Rubus caesius, R. idaeus, Rumex sp., Salix excelsa, S. tenuijulis, Spirea hypericifolia, Ulmus effusa, Ulmus foliacea var . campestris. Other plants are damaged occasionally 1.41 Lymantria Lymantriidae S. Far East (South) Absent China (Western Attacks many species of Quercus , Leaves L – M (= Porthetria = and Northern), Juglans , Malus , Ulmus , Tilia , Ocneria ) mathura India (Northern), Salix , Betula , Castanea and other Moore (= Lymantria Nepal, Japan, deciduous trees. Preferred hosts aurora Butler = Koreas, Pakistan are: Juglans mandshurica , Malus Lymantria fusca mandshurica , Quercus mongolica , Leech = Lymantria Quercus dentata, Ulmus japonica, mathura aurora Ulmus macrocarpa, Ulmus Butler) ** pumila, Tilia amurensis, Tilia mandshurica, Tilia pekinensis, Tilia taquetii 13 Table 1. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 1.42 Erschoviella Noctuidae Southern Kazakhstan, Absent Probably Wild and cultivated varieties Leaves, L - M (= Sarrothripus = Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Juglans regia sprouts & Nycteola ) musculana Tajikistan, Iran nuts Ershov ** Turkmenistan Kazakhstan; Central Asia 1.43 Sphinx (= Hyloicus) Sphingidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Absent China, Japan Attacks mainly larch ( Larix Needles L – M morio Rotsch. et Jord Siberia, S. Siberia, N. sibirica , L. gmelinii and other (= H. laricis Rozh.) * Far East , S . Far East, larch species) and Pinus ( Pinus Kazakhstan sylvestris , P. sibiricus , P. koraiensis ). 1.44 Cydia (=Laspeyresia Tortricidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Attacks cones of larch, especially Cones and M – H = Grapholitha ) Siberia, S. Siberia, Larix gmelinii and L. sibirica , seeds illutana ssp Transbaikalia spruce, especially Picea obovata , dahuricolana fir and other coniferous Kuznetsov *

______* - species for which PRA was provided by the Panel but not recommended for inclusion into the EPPO lists ** - species for which PRA was provided by the Panel and recommended for inclusion into the EPPO lists

14 Table 2. MITES & INSECTS ACARI &COLEOPTERA

Table 2. Transition table: Forest pests to be included into the PQR system causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, for which either more information is needed, or for which pathways do not at present exist, or whose host plants are not of importance for Central and Western Europe

Distribution Main host plants in the former Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other USSR parts of signifi- organisms America countries plants cance in the area of origin Acari (Arachnida) 2.1 Trisetacus Phytoptidae Armenia (introduced), Absent Absent Juniperus semiglobosa, J. sabina, Seeds L - H kirghisorum (Acariformes, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, J. turkestanica, J. foetidissima, J. Shevchenko Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, polycarpos Tetrapodili) Uzbekistan Insecta Coleoptera 2.2 Dinoderus minutus Bostrichidae Ukraine (Crimea, In tropical Cosmopolitan in All deciduous and coniferous Wood L – M Main Fabr. introduced) regions tropical regions wood damage – to wood in buildings 2.3 [Enneadesmus Bostrichidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Absent All deciduous and coniferous Wood, L – M Main scopini Fursov. ] Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan wood & Elaeagnus angustifolia, branches damage – to & Kazakhstan E. orientalis of wood in Elaeagnus buildings 2.4 Psoa dubia ? Bostrichidae Ukraine (Crimea, Not known Not yet checked All deciduous and coniferous Wood L – M Main introduced) wood & Vitis vinifera damage – to wood in buildings 2.5 Xylogenes dilatatus Bostrichidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Syria, Iran Tamarix ( T. laxa, T. ramosissima, Wood, L – M Main Rtt. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan T. hispida, T. pallasii, T. under bark damage – to & Kazakhstan arceuthoides ) and other deciduous wood in buildings

2.6 Agrilus graminis C. Buprestidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Absent Italy, Bulgaria Quercus cerris, Quercus sp., Trunks L G (= A. disparicornis Baltic countries; Belarus; Castanea sativa, Rosa (under Bed.) Moldova; Ukraine; damascena , other plants bark) Transcaucasus 2.7 Agrilus hastulifer Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Italy Quercus sp. Trunks L Ratz. S.E. Russia; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; bark) Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 2.8 Anthaxia (= Buprestidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Absent Juniperus sabina, J. turcomanica, Trunks L – H Melanthaxia) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Juniperus sp. (under conradti Semenov (mainly mountains) bark)

15 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

2.9 Anthaxia manca L. Buprestidae S. E. Russia, Azerebaijan, Absent Algeria, Austria, Ulmus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Trunks VL – M (= Cratomerus Armenia, Estonia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Populus tremula, Rhamnus alaternus (under mancus L = Georgia, Moldova, Latvia, Croatia, Czekia, bark) Trichocratomerus Lithuania, Ukraine France, Germany, mancus L) Hungary, Italy, Iran, Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey 2.10 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Absent West of Ulmus sp., Salix alba Trunks VL – M Trichocratomerus) Ukraine Mediterranean (under aurulentus F. (= region, south- bark) Anthaxia aurulenta eastern and F.) eastern Europe 2.11 Lampra mirifica Buprestidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia Absent Mediterranean Ulmus Trunks L – M Mulsant ; Baltic countries; region (under Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus 2.12 Monochamus grandis Cerambycidae S. Far East (Kurile Absent Japan Pinus koraiensis, P. parviflora, P. Trunks L – H Waterhouse islands: Kunashir, pumila, P. funebris, Abies (wood) Shikotan) sachalinensis, A. holophylla, A. nephrolepis, A. mariesii, A. firma, Picea ajanensis, P. glehnii, P. koraiensis, Tsuga sp. , other conif. 2.13 Monochamus nitens Cerambycidae S. Far East (Sakhalin, Absent China (North), Picea ajanensis, P. glehnii, P. Trunks L – M Bates Kunashir) Japan koraiensis, Pinus koraiensis, P. (wood) parviflora, P. pumila, P. funebris, Abies mariesii, A. firma, Larix leptolepis 2.14 Semanotus semenovi Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Absent Juniperus semiglobosa, J. polycarpa, Trunks L – M Okunev Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan J. sabina, J. turcomanica, , J. (wood) turkestanica, J. foetidissima, J. sp. 2.15 Pissodes cembrae Curculionidae S. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Absent Northern China; Pinus sibirica (preferred host) , P. Trunks L – H Motsch. N. Far East, S. Far East Japan koraiensis, P. pumila, P. sp. , Larix and roots sp. , Picea sp. , Abies sp. (under bark), twigs (at the additional feeding) 2.16 [Pissodes gallosi ? Curculionidae S. Far East No data No data Pinus, other coniferous Trunks L (= P. galloisi)] and roots (under bark) 16 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.17 [Pissodes insignitus Curculionidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Absent Absent Pinus sibirica, P. pumila, Larix Trunks L – M Boh. (= P. Transbaik., N. Far East, S. gmelinii , Larix sibirica , Larix sp. (under insignatus)] Far East bark) 2.18 Pissodes irroratus Curculionidae N.E. Siberia, N. Far East, Absent Absent Pinus sibirica, P. pumila, Larix Trunks L – M Reiit . S. Far East gmelinii , Larix sibirica , Larix sp. , (under Abies sp., other coniferous bark) 2.19 Pissodes (=P. strobi Curculionidae S. Far East Canada, Japan, South Pinus funebris, P. koraiensis, P. sp. , Trunks L – M Say. ) nemorensis USA Africa Picea (under Germ . bark) 2.20 Pissodes nitidus Curculionidae N. Far East, S. Far East Absent Japan, China Pinus funebris, P. sylvestris, P. Trunks L – M Roel. densiflora, P. koraiensis, P. sp. (under bark) 2.21 Agriotes gurgistanus Elateridae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Absent Balcanians; Deciduous, coniferous and other Roots L – M Main Faldermann Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Turkey, south- plants, mainly agricultural crops damage - Turkmenistan eastern Europe (cereals, etc.) to young plants and in nurseries

2.22 Selatosomus latus F Elateridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Absent Central and Deciduous, coniferous and other Roots L – M Main S. Siberia (West), southern Europe, plants, mainly agricultural crops damage - tn Transbaik., S. Far East; China, Iran, (sugarbeet, cereals, vegetables, etc.) young Baltic countries; Belarus; Japan, Mongolia, except tomato and cabbage plants and Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey in nurseries Transcaucasus 2.23 Lethrus apterus Geotrupidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Absent China, Deciduous, coniferous and other Roots L – M Main Laxmann Baltic countries; Belarus; Netherlands plants, mainly agricultural crops damage - to Moldova; Ukraine, young Tadjikistan plants and in nurseries

2.24 [Carphoborus Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L jurinskii Eggers ] Siberia, S. Siberia (under bark) 2.25 [Cryphalus (=C. Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent Absent Abies nephrolepis (preferred host), Trunks VL – L punctulatus Eggers ) Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Pinus pumila, Picea sp. (under kurenzovi Stark ] bark) 2.26 Cryphalus latus Scolytidae Transbaik., S. Far East Absent North-west China Larix gmelinii, Larix olgensis Trunks VL – L Eggers (including Sakhalin) (preferred hosts) , Picea ajanensis, (under Picea obovata, Abies nephrolepis, bark) Abies holophylla 2.27 Cryphalus orientalis Scolytidae Transcaucasus Absent Absent Abies nordmanniana, Picea Trunks & L – M Main Eggers orientalis, other coniferous branches damage – to (under young trees bark) 17 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.28 Cryphalus piceus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North-east China, Picea ajanensis, P. obovata, P. Trunks VL – L Eggers Sakhalin) Japan koraiensis (preferred hosts) , Abies (under nephrolepis, A. holophylla (preferred bark) hosts) , Pinus funebris, Larix gmelinii, Larix olgensis 2.29 Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North-east China, Abies nephrolepis, A. holophylla Trunks VL – L redikorzevi Berger Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Koreas (preferred hosts) , Abies spp., Picea (under spp. bark) 2.30 [Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Picea ajanensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L sichotensis Kur. ] (including Sakhalin) Picea spp. (under bark) 2.31 [Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Abies spp. Trunks VL – L ussuriensis Eggers ] (under bark) 2.32 Crypturgus tuberosus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Northern Japan Picea ajanensis (preferred host) , P. Trunks VL – L Niis . (including Sakhalin) glehnii, Pinus pumila, P. koraiensis (under bark) 2.33 Dryocoetes abietinus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Japan Abies sachalinensis, A. nephrolepis, Trunks VL – L Kono et Tamanuki (= A. holophylla (under D. striatus Eggers) bark) 2.34 Dryocoetes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Absent Mongolia Larix sibirica, L. gmelinii, L. Trunks VL – L baicalicus Reitter coniferous area plgensis, (preferred hosts) , Larix (under (=D. budkovi Sem. ) spp., Pinus korajensis, P. sibirica, bark) Pinus spp., Abies nephrolepis, A. holophylla, Abies spp. 2.35 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L orientalis Kur.] Pinus spp., Abies spp. (under bark) 2.36 [Dryocoetes pini Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Japan Pinus pumila (preferred host) , Pinus Trunks VL – L Niijima] spp., Larix spp., Abies spp., Picea (under spp. bark) 2.37 Dryocoetes rugicollis Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North-east China, Picea obovata (preferred host) , Picea Trunks VL – L Eggers Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Japan spp., Abies nephrolepis, Abies spp. (under bark) 2.38 [Hylurgops imitator Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent China, Koreas, Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L Reitter] Siberia, N. Far East, S. Japan Pinus spp., Picea ajanensis, Picea (under Far East spp., Larix spp. bark) 2.39 [Hylurgops Scolytidae S. Far East, N.E. Siberia Absent Absent Pinus korajensis, Abies holophylla Trunks VL – L interstitialis (introduced) (preferred hosts) , Abies nephrolepis, (under Chapuis] Abies spp., Pinus funebris, Pinus bark) spp., Picea ajanensis, Picea spp. 2.40 Hylurgops longipilis Scolytidae N. Far East (introduced), Absent Absent Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L Reitt. S. Far East (including Pinus spp., Larix gmelinii, Larix (under Sakhalin) spp., Picea ajanensis, Picea spp. bark) 18 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.41 Hylurgops palliatus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent W. Europe, Japan, Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L Gyll. (= H. parvus Russia, N. W. Siberia, N. Koreas, China Pinus sibirica, P. pumila, Pinus spp., (under Eggers = H. helferi E. Siberia, S. Far East Picea spp. bark) Villa) (Primorie) (including Sakhalin & Kuril islands); Kazakhstan 2.42 [Hylurgops Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent North-east China Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , P. Trunks VL – L spessivtzevi Eggers Siberia, N. Far East, S. sylvestris, Pinus spp. , Picea obovata, (under (= H. tuberculatus = Far East (including Picea spp., Larix gmelinii, Larix spp. bark) H. transbaicalicus )] Sakhalin) 2.43 [Hylurgops starki Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Finland, Sweden Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris Trunks VL – L Eggers (= H. Russia, N.W. Siberia (preferred hosts) , Picea spp., Pinus (under cunicularius)] spp. , Larix spp. bark) 2.44 [Ips ussuriensis Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Pinus spp. , Picea spp. , Abies spp. , Trunks L – M Reitter] Larix spp. (under bark) 2.45 Phloeosinus turce- Scolytidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus pseudosabina, J. Trunks L – H stranicus Semenov polycarpos, J excelsa, J. communis, (under Juniperus spp. bark) 2.46 [Phloeotribus Scolytidae S.E. Russia; Baltic Absent Absent Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus spp. Trunks L caucasicus Reitter] countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Central Asia 2.47 [Pityogenes aizawai Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Absent Picea spp. , Abies spp. Trunks VL – L Kôno] (under bark) 2.48 [Pityogenes Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Japan Pinus pumila, Pinus spp. , Picea Trunks L foveolatus Eggers] Siberia, S. Siberia, ajanensis, Picea spp. (under Transbaik., N. Far East, S. bark) Far East 2.49 [Pityogenes rudnevi Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Picea spp. Trunks VL – L Sok .] (under bark) 2.50 [Pityogenes Scolytidae S. Far East Absent Koreas, northern Picea ajanensis, Picea obovata Trunks VL – L seirindensis Japan (preferred hosts) , Picea spp., Abies (under Murayama] nephrolepis, Abies spp. bark) 2.51 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Koreas, Japan Picea ajanensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L jucundus Blandford] Picea spp., Pinus spp. (under bark) 2.52 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Abies holophylla, Abies nephrolepis, Trunks VL – L kurenzovi Abies spp. (under Krivolutskaja ( = P. bark) abietis Kurentzov = P. sibiricus Nunberg)] 2.53 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Absent Picea abies, Picea obovata, Picea Trunks VL – L lapponicus Stark] Russia, S. Far East spp. (under bark) 19 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.54 [Pityophthorus pini Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Pinus sibirica, P. koraiensis, Pinus Trunks VL – L Kurentzov] Siberia, S. Siberia, N. Far spp. , Picea spp. (under East, S. Far East bark) 2.55 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae C. E. Russia (Tambov) Absent Absent Pinus sylvestris, Pinus spp. Trunks VL – L rossicus Eggers] (under bark) 2.56 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Absent Abies sachalinensis, Abies spp. Trunks VL – L sachalinensis Kriv.] (under bark) 2.57 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Picea ajanensis, Picea spp. Trunks VL – L sichotensis Siberia, S. Siberia, S. Far (under Kurentzov] East bark) 2.58 Polygraphus gracilis Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent Japan Picea ajanensis, Picea glehnii, Picea Trunks VL – L Niijima Sakhalin & Kuril islands) spp., Abies sachalinensis, Abies spp. (under bark) 2.59 Polygraphus griseus Scolytidae N. E. Russia (Kolsk Absent Sweden, Finland Picea obovata, Picea spp. Trunks VL – L Eggers peninsula) (under bark) 2.60 Polygraphus Scolytidae N. Far East, S. Far East Absent Japan Picea ajanensis, Picea glehnii, Picea Trunks VL – L jezoensis Niijima (including Sakhalin) spp., Pinus spp. (under bark) 2.61 Polygraphus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North Korea, Abies holophylla, A. sachalinensis, A. Trunks L – M pro ximus Blandford Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Japan, China nephrolepis (preferred hosts) , A. (under (= P. abietis spp., Pinus koraiensis, Pinus spp., bark) Kurentzov = P. Picea ajanensis, Picea spp., Tsuga laticollis Eggers = P. spp. miser Blandford) 2.62 Polygraphus Scolytidae N.E. Siberia, N. Far East, Absent Japan, Koreas, Picea ajanensis, P. koraiensis Trunks VL – L subopacus Thoms ( = S. Far East (including Mongolia, Europe (preferred hosts) , P. spp., Pinus spp. (under P. sachalinensis Sakhalin & Kuril islands) bark) Egg ers ) 2.63 Pteleobius kraatzi Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Absent Southern and Ulmus campestris, U. effusa, U. Trunks VL – L Eichhoff Baltic countries; Belarus; central Europe, montana, Ulmus spp., Sorbus (under Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey aucuparia, Sorbus spp. bark) Transcaucasus 2.64 Pteleobius vittatus F Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Absent Southern and Ulmus campestris, U. effusa, U. Trunks VL – L Belarus; Ukraine; central Europe, montana, U. pumila, Ulmus spp. (under Transcaucasus Turkey bark) 2.65 Scolytoplatypus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent China, Japan, Picea ajanensis, P. spp., Abies Trunks L – M tycon Blandford Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Koreas holophylla, A. spp., Pinus koraiensis, (under P. spp., Juglans mandshurica, J. bark) spp., Populus tremula, P. spp., Fraxinus mandshurica, F. spp., Phellodendron amurense, Acer mandshuricum, A. mono, A. pictum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. barbinerve, Acer spp., Lindera thunbergi , Alnus hirsuta, Alnus spp. 20 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.66 [Scolytus amurensis Scolytidae S. Siberia (East), Absent Absent Betula verrucosa, B. costata, B. Trunks L – M Eggers] Transbaik., N. Far East, S. japonica, Betula spp. (under Far East (including bark) Sakhalin) 2.67 Tomicus Scolytidae S. Far East Absent Absent Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , P. Trunks L (=Blastophagus) spp. (under pilifer Spessivtsev bark) 2.68 Tomicus puellus Scolytidae S. Far East (mountains) Absent Absent Picea ajanensis, (preferred host) , P. Trunks L – M Reitter spp., Abies holophylla, A. (under (= Blastophagus nephrolepis, Abies spp., Pinus spp., bark) starki) Larix spp., Tsuga spp. 2.69 [Trypodendron Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Mongolia Pinus sibirica, Pinus korajensis Trunks L – M granulatum Eggers] Siberia, S. Siberia, (preferred hosts) , Pinus spp., Larix (wood) Transbaik., N. Far East, S. spp. Far East (including Sakhalin) 2.70 [Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent Japan, Koreas Betula japonica, Betula spp., Trunks VL – L pubipennis Blandford Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Phyllanthus flexuosus, Phyllanthus (wood) (T. pubipennum )] spp., Ficus caria, Ficus spp., other broadleaves 2.71 [Xyleborus aequalis Scolytidae N.E. Siberia, Transbaik.; Absent Absent Abies holophylla, A. nephrolepis, A. Trunks VL – L Reitter] S. Far East spp., Picea ajanensis, Pinus (under (= Anisandrus korajensis, P. pumila, P. funebris, P. bark) aequalis Reitter) spp., Juniperus communis, J. spp., Taxus cuspidata, Populus tremula, Paulownia tomentosa, Ailantes glandulosa, Kalopanax ricinifolium, Akebia quinata, Aralia manshurika, Phellodendron amurense, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula alba, B. costata, B. dahurica, B. japonica, B. spp., Taxus japonica, Vitis amurensis, Gingko biloba, Vistaria sinensis, Carpinus japonica, C. cortada, Malus spp., Quercus mongolica, Salix spp., Acer ukurunduense, A. mono, A. pictum, A. mandshuricum, A. barbinerve, A. spp., Schisandra chinensis, Corylus mandshurica, C. heterophylla, Tilia cordata, T. amurensis, Alnus hirsuta, A. fruticosa, Juglans mandshurica, Rhododendron dahuricum, Sorbus amurensis, Syringa amurensis, Acanthopanax sessiliflora, Rhus succedanea, Spiraea mongolica, S. amurensis, Prunus padus, Morus alba, etc.

21 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA, DIPTERA & HYMENOPTERA

2.72 Xyleborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Southern and Pinus sylvestris Trunks VL – L eurygraphus Russia, S.E. Russia; central Europe (under Ratzeburg Baltic countries; Belarus; (Poland, Czeckia, bark) Moldova; Ukraine; Slovakia, Transcaucasus Germany, A ustria, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, etc.) Diptera 2.73 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae S. Siberia, Transbaik. Absent Absent Larix spp. Cones and L [Lasiomma] seeds baicalense ? 2.74 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae S. Siberia, Transbaik Absent Finland Larix spp. Cones and L-M Data of [Lasiomma) seeds Dr. Alain sibirica ?? Roques 2.75 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae S. Siberia, Transbaik Absent Sweden, Larix spp. , Picea spp. Cones and L-M Data of [Lasiomma) Mongolia, China seeds Dr. Alain svenssoni ?? Roques 2.76 Resseliella Cecidomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Absent Absent Larix sibirica, Larix spp. Cones and L [Thomasiniana] Larix area; Baltic seeds sibirica Mam. countries; Belarus, [Camptomyia Ukraine laricis] Hymenoptera 2.77 Megastigmus Torymidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Western Europe Juniperus communis, J. spp. Seeds L – M bipunctatus Russia, S.E. Russia; Swederus (= M. Baltic countries; Belarus, kuntzei Kapuscinski) Ukraine 2.78 Megastigmus Torymidae S. Far East Absent Japan, Denmark Abies spp. Seeds L-M Data of borriesi ?? Dr. Alain Roques 2.79 Megastigmus certus Torymidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M ? 2.80 Megastigmus fidus ? Torymidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M Siberia, S. Siberia, Transbaik. 2.81 Megastigmus gravis Torymidae Transcaucasus Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M Data of ?? Dr. Alain Roques 2.82 Megastigmus Torymidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M juniperi Nik. 2.83 Megastigmus validus Torymidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M ?

22 Table 2. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

Lepidoptera 2.84 Coleophora Coleophoridae S. Siberia Absent Absent Larix Needles L – M Main sibiricella ? [= C. Finland - ? damage – sibirica ?] esthetic damage 2.85 [Anacampsis Gelechiidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Northern and Betula mandshurica, B. pendula, Leaves L - M blattariella Hbn. ] Russia, S. Siberia (East); central Europe B. pubescens, Betula spp. Transbaik., S. Far East 2.86 Eupithecia gigantea Geometridae S. Far East, N. Far East Absent Japan Abies Cones and L Data of ? seeds Dr. Alain Roques 2.87 Semiothisa pumila Geometridae S. Siberia, Transbaik., S. Absent Absent Larix Needles L – M Kusnezov [= Far East Semiothisa (= Macaria) continuaria Ev. ] 2.88 Vanessa xanthomelas Nymphalidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Absent Absent Salix, Betula, Alnus Leaves L Esp . S. Siberia, S. Far East; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 2.89 Barbara fulgens Tortricidae S. Far East Absent Northern China Picea obovata, P. sibirica, P. Cones and VL - L Data of Kuznetsov koraiensis, P. ajanensis, Picea seeds Dr. Alain spp., Abies holophylla, Abies spp. Roques

2.90 Retinia (= Petrova = Tortricidae C.E. Russia (introduced), Absent Widespread in Larix sibirica, L. gmelinii Cones and L – H According Semasia ) N.E. Siberia, N.W. Europe (Czeckia, (preferred hosts) , Larix spp. seeds to Dr. A. perangustana Snelb Siberia, S. Siberia, Slovakia, Poland - Roques (= Eucosma Transbaik., S. Far East introdiced), north- impropria = eastern China, Laspeyresia zonovae Mongolia Flor) 2.91 Retinia lemniscata Tortricidae S. Far East Absent Absent Picea koraiensis, Picea spp. Cones and L Data of Kuznetsov seeds Dr. Alain Roques]

2.92 Retinia Tortricidae S. Far East Absent Japan, China Pinus koraiensis (preferred host), Cones and L-M Data of monopunctata P. strobus, Pinus spp., Abies seeds Dr. Alain [R.pini] holophylla, A. sachalinensis, A. Roques homolepis, Abies spp., Picea glehnii, P. polita, P. abies, P. ajanensis, Picea spp., Larix kaempferi, Larix spp. 23 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

Table 3a. Forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which are also present in Central/Western Europe

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Insecta Coleoptera 3a.1 Anobium punctatum Anobiidae Russia: widespread except Present Western Europe; Coniferous Wood M – VH Main damage Deg. [= A. Far East; Baltic countries; New Zealand – to wood in domesticum Geoffr. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; buildings, Transcaucasus furniture, etc. 3.2 Hadrobregmus Anobiidae N Russia: widespread except Not known Western Europe, Coniferous Wood L – H Main damage pertinax ? [Anobium Far East; Baltic countries; HU – to cut trees, pertinax F. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; wood in Transcaucasus buildings, furniture, etc. 3a.3 Amphicerus Bostrichidae Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Not known Southern Europe; Deciduous and Wood, Vitis L – M Main damage bimaculatus Central Asia Northern Africa; coniferous and fruit – to wood in ?.[Schistoceros Syria trees buildings bimaculatus Ol. ] branches 3a.4 Bostrichus capucinus Bostrichidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. USA (limited Western Europe Quercus , other Wood, L – H Main damage L. Siberia; Baltic countries; distribution – deciduous trunks of – to parquet, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; NJ) Quercus, wood in Transcaucasus; Central Asia Morus, buildings, Vitis telegraph poles, sleepers 3a.5 Lichenophanes varia Bostrichidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known South and Centre of Buxus , Wood L – M Main damage ? Ukraine; Transcaucasus Western Europe Quercus , other – to wood in [L. varius ?] deciduous buildings 3a.6 Rhyzopertha Bostrichidae Ukraine Widespread Cosmopolitan Deciduous and Wood L – M Main damage [Rhizopertha] coniferous – to wood in dominica ? buildings 3a.7 Scobicia pustulata Bostrichidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not known Southern Europe; Deciduous and Wood L – M Main damage Kies. [= S. chevrieri Transcaucasus; Central Asia Northern Africa; coniferous – to wood in Vill. ] Syria; Iran buildings 3a.8 Stephanopachys Bostrichidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not known Western Europe Pinus , Picea , Wood, L – M Main damage linearis Kug. Ukraine; Transcaucasus; some other under bark – to wood in Central Asia coniferous buildings 3a.9 Sinoxylon perforans Bostrichidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Absent Balcans Quercus, Vitis , Wood and L – H Main damage Schrnk. Transcaucasus; Central Asia other stems of – to wood in deciduous young buildings and plants to vineyards 3a.10 Xylopertha retusa ? . Bostrichidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Absent South and Centre of Quercus and Wood L – M Main damage [Xylonites retusus Moldova; Ukraine; Western Europe other – to wood in Ol. ] Transcaucasus; Central Asia deciduous buildings 24 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.11 Agrilus angustulus Buprestidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Western Europe; Quercus, Trunks L – M Main damage Ill. Siberia; Baltic countries; Northern Africa; Fagus, (under – to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey Castanea bark) plantations in Transcaucasus the steppes 3a.12 Agrilus ater L. Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C.E. Russia, Not yet checked FI, HU Populus, Salix Trunks L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.13 Agrilus betuleti Rtzb. Buprestidae Russia: widespread in forest Not yet checked Northern and Betula Trunks L zone; Baltic countries; Central Europe (under Belarus bark) 3a.14 Agrilus elongatus Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Trunks VL – L Hbst. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Fagus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.15 Agrilus pannonicus ? Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked HU, UK Quercus Trunks L [Agrilus biguttatus S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under F.] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.16 Agrilus viridis L. Buprestidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Populus Trunks L – H countries; Belarus; Moldova; IT; Northern Africa (including P. (under Ukraine; Transcaucasus tremula ), Acer, bark) Salix, Fagus, other deciduous 3a.17 Chrysobothris affinis Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked HU Quercus, Trunks L F. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Fagus, Ulmus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.18 Melanophila Buprestidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked DE; HU Pinus Trunks L [= Phaenops] area; Baltic countries; (under cyanea F. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.19 Poecilonota Buprestidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked SE; NO; Northern Populus Trunks L – M variolosa Payk. Far East; Baltic countries; Africa (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.20 Trachypteris Buprestidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Absent South of Europe; Populus, Salix, Trunks L – M decostigma [= Transcaucasus Northern Africa; Fraxinus (under Melanophila Turkey; Syria bark) decastigma F. ] 3a.21 Trachypteris Buprestidae C. E. Russia (East), S. E. Absent Iran; Northern Populus, Salix Trunks L – M Main damage [= Melanophila] Russia (East), S. Siberia China; HU (under – on 1-2 picta Pall. (West); Kazakhstan; Central bark) year-old Asia plantations 3a.22 Acanthocinus aedilis Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks L L. area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 25 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.23 Acanthocinus griseus Cerambycidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, Not yet checked Europe; Japan Picea Trunks VL – L F. S.Siberia, S. Far East (wood) 3a.24 Arhopalus rusticus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Western Europe, Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L (повтор ) coniferous area Japan other (wood) coniferous 3a.25 Arhopalus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks and VL – L [= Criocephalus] area; Baltic countries; roots (under rusticus L. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.26 Callidium violaceum Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Coniferous and Wood L – M The main L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Mongolia; deciduous (under damage – to Ukraine; Transcaucasus Northern China; bark) dead trees, Korea; Japan cut trees with bark, etc. 3a.27 Callipogon relictus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus, Trunks VL – L Sem. Fraxinus, (wood) Ulmus and other trees 3a.28 Cerambyx cerdo L. Cerambycidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Absent Western Europe; Quercus, other Trunks L – H In the former Transcaucasus Northern Africa deciduous (wood) USSR – two subspecies 3a.29 Cerambyx scopoli ? Cerambycidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Absent Western Europe; Quercus, Trunks L – M [C. scopolii Füssl .] Transcaucasus Northern Africa Fagus, other (wood) deciduous 3a.30 Clytus arietis L. Cerambycidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Vitis, Trunks VL – L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; other (wood and Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; deciduous under bark) Transcaucasus; Turkmenistan including fruit trees 3a.31 Hylotrupes bajulus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Present Western Europe; Coniferous and Wood M – VH Main damage L. Far East; Baltic countries; Northern Africa; deciduous – to wood in Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; China buildings, Transcaucasus telegraph poles, sleepers, etc. 3a.32 Lamia textor L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Absent Western Europe Salix, Populus, Trunks L - M Far East; Baltic countries; Alnus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan (North) 3a.33 Mesosa Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks VL – L curculionoides L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ulmus, (under Ukraine; Kazakhstan Populus, other bark) deciduous 3a.34 Mesosa myops Dalm. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks VL – L countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ulmus, (under Ukraine; Kazakhstan Populus, other bark) deciduous 26 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.35 Monochamus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Western Europe; Pinus, other Trunks L – H Vector of galloprovincialis Ol. area; Baltic countries; Turkey; Northern coniferous (wood) Bursaphelenc Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mongolia hus Transcaucasus mucronatus 3a.36 Monochamus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in Absent Western Europe; Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M Vector of saltuarius Gebl. coniferous area; Baltic Northern Mongolia; Abies, other (wood) Bursaphelenc countries; Belarus; Ukraine Northern China; coniferous hus Japan; Korea mucronatus 3a.37 Monochamus sartor Cerambycidae Ukraine (Carpathians) Absent Western Europe Picea, Abies Trunks L – M F. (wood) 3a.38 Monochamus sutor Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Western Europe; Picea, Abies, Trunks M – VH Vector of L. area; Baltic countries; Mongolia; Northern other (wood) Bursaphelenc Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine China; Japan; coniferous hus Korea mucronatus 3a.39 Monochamus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Western Europe; Picea, Abies, Trunks M – VH urussovii ? area; Baltic countries; Mongolia; Northern other (wood) [M. urussovi Fisch. ] Belarus; Moldova China; Japan; coniferous Korea 3a.40 Oberea oculata L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Not known Western Europe Salix, Populus Trunks L - M Far East; Baltic countries; (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.41 Plagionotus arcuatus Cerambycidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks VL – L L. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Carpinus, (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Pyrus, bark) Transcaucasus Castanea, Fagus 3a.42 Rhagium inquisitor Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Nova Scotia Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L L. Far East; Baltic countries; (CA) other (under Belarus; Ukraine coniferous bark) 3a.43 Saperda carcharias Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in aspen Not known Western Europe Populus Trunks L – M The main L. area; Baltic countries; tremula, other (wood) damage – on Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Populus, Salix 20-30 year- Transcaucasus old plantations 3a.44 Saperda populnea L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except West of Canada Western Europe Populus Trunks and L – H The main Far East; Baltic countries; (introduced); tremula, other branches damage - to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; West of USA Populus, Salix (wood) young trees Transcaucasus (introduced) 3a.45 Saperda punctata L. Cerambycidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not known Southern Europe Ulmus Trunks L - M Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.46 Saperda scalaris L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Alnus, Trunks L Far East; Baltic countries; Populus, (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Betula, bark) Transcaucasus Quercus, other deciduous 27 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.47 Spondylis Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Western Europe, Pinus Trunks and VL – L buprestoides L. area; Baltic countries; Japan, China roots (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.48 Stromatium fulvum Cerambycidae S. E. Russia (North Present (no data Southern Europe; Deciduous and Wood L – H The main Vill. Caucasus); Ukraine on distribution); Northern Africa; coniferous damage - to [=S. unicolor Oliv .] (Crimea); Transcaucasus Cuba Brazil (introduced) wood in (introduced) buildings, furniture, etc. 3a.49 Tetropium Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Pinus, other Trunks VL – L aquilonium ? Far East; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.50 Tetropium castaneum Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not yet checked Europe Picea, other Trunks L L. area; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.51 Tetropium fuscum F. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Halifax, Nova Europe Picea, other Trunks L area; Baltic countries; Scotia (CA) – coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine under eradicat. bark) 3a.52 Tetropium gabrieli Cerambycidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Larix, other Trunks L Weise. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.53 Xylotrechus rusticus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Populus, Salix, Trunks L L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; many other (under Ukraine; Transcaucasus; deciduous bark) Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.54 [Haltica saliceti Chrysomelidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Absent Southern and Quercus Leaves L – M Main damage Wse. ] ( possibly - H. Ukraine; Transcaucasus Central Europe - to young quercetorum Foudr. ) trees 3a.55 Chrysomela Chrysomelidae C.E. Russia, S.E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Populus Leaves L – M Main damage [Melasoma] populi N.E. Siberia, N.W. Siberia, (including P. - to young L. S. Siberia, S. Far East; Baltic tremula ), Salix trees in countries; Belarus; Moldova; plantations Ukraine; Transcaucasus; and nurseries Central Asia 3a.56 Chrysomela tremula Chrysomelidae Russia: widespread except Present Western Europe Populus Leaves L – M Main damage ? [Melasoma Far East; Baltic countries; (including P. - to young tremulae F. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; tremula ), Salix trees in Transcaucasus; Central Asia plantations and nurseries 3a.57 Pyrrhalta Chrysomelidae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; USA Western Europe; Ulmus Leaves L – M Main damage [Galerucella] luteola Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (widespread, Turkey; Iran; - to young Müll. Central Asia introduced) Algeria trees 3a.58 Apoderus coryli Curculionidae Widespread except extreme Not yet checked All Europe, China, Corylus, Leaves L – M (= North Japan, Koreas, Alnus, Fagus, Attelabidae) Mongolia Carpinus, Quercus, Betula 3a.59 Bradybatus creutzeri Curculionidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine Absent South of Western Acer, Quercus Fruits L - M Germ. Europe 28 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.60 Bradybatus Curculionidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine Not yet checked Europe Acer Fruits L tomentosus ? 3a.61 Byctiscus betulae L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Populus, Leaves L – M Main damage (=B. betuleti F.) countries; Belarus; Moldova; Turkey; Syria Betula, Tilia, – to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Fagus, Acer, trees Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan Ulmus, other (North) deciduous 3a.62 Cryptorhynchus Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic USA Western Europe; Salix, Populus, Trunks L – M Main damage [Cryptorrhynchus] countries; Belarus; Moldova; (introduced) Japan Alnus (wood and – to young lapathi L. Ukraine under bark) trees 3a.63 Curculio glandium Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Quercus Acorns M - H Marsh. countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Moldova; Transcaucasus 3a.64 Curculio nucum L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Corylus, Fruits L - M countries; Belarus, Ukraine, Syria; Algeria Quercus Moldova, Transcaucasus 3a.65 Hylobius abietis L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Western Europe; Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – H The main area; Baltic countries; Japan other (under damage – to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous bark), buds young trees Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan and young and young sprouts plantations 3a.66 Lignyodes enucleator Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not known Western Europe Fraxinus, Fruits M Panz. Transcaucasus Quercus 3a.67 Magdalis armigera Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Not yet checked Europe Ulmus Trunks VL – L Geoffr. Ukraine (under bark) 3a.68 Pissodes castaneus ? Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus, other Trunks L – H Main damage [P. notatus F. ] area; Baltic countries; (widespread); coniferous (under - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey, Algeria, bark) trees and 4 – Transcaucasus Morocco 15 year-old plantations 3a.69 Pissodes gyllenhali Curculionidae N. Far East, S. Far East Not known Not known; Pinus pumila, Trunks and L – M Gyll. Europe other roots (under coniferous bark) 3a.70 Pissodes harcyniae Curculionidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Europe Picea Trunks L – H Hrbst. area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.71 Pissodes piceae Ill. Curculionidae Ukraine (the Carpathians), Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M Transcaucasus Pinus (under bark) 3a.72 Pissodes pini L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks L area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.73 Pissodes piniphilus Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Western Europe Pinus Trunks L – M Main damage Hrbst area; Baltic countries; (under - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) pine plantations 29 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.74 Pissodes scabricollis Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Larix, Trunks L Mill . and larch area; Baltic Picea (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine 3a.75 Pissodes validirostris Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Widespread in Pinus Cones and M - H Gyll. area; Baltic countries; Europe seeds Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan 3a.76 Pselactus Curculionidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Present Western Europe; Pinus , other Wood L – M Main damage [= Codiosoma] S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Australia; New coniferous - to damp spadix Hrbst. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Zealand wood in buildings 3a.77 Stereonychus fraxini Curculionidae Moldova Absent Bulgaria; France; Fraxinus Leaves M – H Deg. Romania; UK; Yugoslavia; HU; Northern Africa 3a.78 Agriotes lineatus L. Elateridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada (limited Europe Deciduous, Roots L Main damage S.E. Russia, N.W. Siberia, S. distribution – (widespread); Iran; coniferous and - tn young Siberia (West); Baltic BC, NF, NS); Israel other plants plants and in countries; Belarus; Moldova; USA (limited nurseries Ukraine; Transcaucasus; distribution) Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan 3a.79 Agriotes sputator L. Elateridae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia Not known Western Europe Deciduous, Roots L – M Main damage (West); Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous and - to young Transcaucasus other plants plants and in nurseries 3a.80 Agrypnus Elateridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Deciduous, Roots, L Main damage [Brachylacon] countries; Belarus; Moldova; coniferous and seeds - to young murinus ? Ukraine; Transcaucasus; other plants plants and in Kazakhstan; Central Asia nurseries 3a.81 Lyctus linearis Lyctidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; USA Western Europe; Quercus , other Wood L – H Main damage Goeze. Baltic countries; Belarus; (introduced) Algeria deciduous - to parquet, Moldova; Ukraine; wood in Transcaucasus buildings, furniture, etc. 3a.82 [Elateroides Lymexylidae Russia: widespread in fir and Not yet checked Europe Abies, Picea Trunks L flabellicornis Schn. ] spruce area; Baltic countries; (wood) Belarus 3a.83 Hylecoetus Lymexylidae ? Not yet checked Europe Betula, other Trunks L [Elateroides] deciduous (wood) dermestoides L. 3a.84 Lytta vesicatoria L. Meloidea C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. USA Western Europe Fraxinus, Leaves M – H Main damage Siberia; Belarus; Moldova; (introduced for some other – to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; cantharidin deciduous trees Central Asia production) 3a.85 Amphimallon Scarabaeidae Russia: widespread except Absent Western Europe; Pinus, other Roots L – M Main damage solstitiale ? Far East; Baltic countries; Turkey; Iran; plants – to young [A. solstitialis L. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Mongolia; pine Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; China plantations Central Asia 30 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.86 Anoxia pilosa F. Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Absent Western Europe; Pinus, Vitis, Roots L – M Main damage Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Northern Iran other plants – to young Kazakhstan plantations 3a.87 Melolontha Scarabaeidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Pinus, other Roots L – H Main damage hippocastani F. countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern China plants – to young Ukraine; Kazakhstan pine plantations 3a.88 Melolontha Scarabaeidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Absent Europe Quercus, Roots L – H Main damage melolontha L. (= M. Baltic countries; Belarus; (widespread); Pinus, other – to young vulgaris F.) Moldova; Ukraine Turkey plants plantations 3a.89 Miltotrogus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Absent Western Europe Quercus, Acer, Roots L – M Main damage [Rhizotrogus] Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Fraxinus, – to young aequinoctialis Hrbst. Kazakhstan other plants plantations 3a.90 Pentodon idiota Scarabaeidae S.E. Russia; Belarus; Absent Western Europe; Quercus, fruit Roots L – M Main damage Hrbst. Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey and other – to young Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan plants plantations and nurseries 3a.91 Phyllopertha Scarabaeidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Deciduous and Roots L Main damage horticola L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; coniferous – to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; trees plants Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.92 Polyphylla fullo L. Scarabaeidae S.E. Russia; Moldova; Not known Western Europe; Pinus, Vitis, Roots L – M Main damage Ukraine Northern Africa - ? other plants – to young plantations 3a.93 Rhizotrogus aestivus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Absent Southern Europe; Pinus, other Roots L – M Main damage Ol. Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iran plants – to young Kazakhstan plantations 3a.94 Serica brunnea L. Scarabaeidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Europe Deciduous and Roots L Main damage Siberia; Baltic countries; coniferous – to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine trees plants and in nurseries 3a.95 Carphoborus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L cholodkovskyi Spess. coniferous area; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.96 Carphoborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L minimus Fabr. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.97 Carphoborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L rossicus Sem. N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia (under (West) bark) 3a.98 Carphoborus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea, Larix Trunks VL – L teplonchovi ? coniferous area; Baltic (under [C. teplouchovi countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Spess. ] Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 31 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.99 Cryphalus abietis Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks & L – M The main Ratz. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; other branches damage – to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous (under young trees Transcaucasus bark) 3a.100 Cryphalus piceae Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia ; Not yet checked Europe Picea, Abies Trunks VL – L Ratz. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.101 Cryphalus saltuarius Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L Wse. coniferous area; Baltic Abies (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.102 Crypturgus cinereus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Hrbst. coniferous area; Baltic Abies (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.103 Crypturgus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L hispidulus Thoms. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.104 Crypturgus maulei Scolytidae N. W. Siberia, S. Siberia Not yet checked Europe Picea, Abies Trunks VL – L Roubal. (probably – (West) (under C. pusillus Gyll. ) bark) 3a.105 Crypturgus pusillus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Gyll. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.106 Crypturgus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L subcribrosus Egg. S.E. Russia, S. Far East; (under Baltic countries; Belarus; bark) Moldova; Ukraine 3a.107 Dendroctonus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks M – VH micans Kugel. area; Baltic countries; (widespread); other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; China, Japan, coniferous bark) Georgia Turkey 3a.108 Dryocoetes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L autographus Ratz. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.109 Dryocoetes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L hectographus Reitt. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 32 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.110 Hylastes angustatus Scolytidae C.E. Russia; Belarus; Not known Western Europe; Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M Herbst. Moldova; Ukraine Bulgaria (under bark) 3a.111 Hylastes Scolytidae N.E. Russia, C.E. Russia; Not known Not known Pinus Trunks L – M angusticollis Egg. Baltic countries; Belarus (under bark) 3a.112 Hylastes ater Payk. Scolytidae C.E. Russia, S.E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – H Main damage N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. other (under - to young Siberia; Baltic countries; coniferous bark) trees and Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine young plantations 3a.113 Hylastes attenuatus Scolytidae C. E. Russia; Belarus; Not known Central Europe Pinus Trunks L – M Er. Ukraine; Transcaucasus (under bark) 3a.114 Hylastes brunneus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Poland; Germany; Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M Eg. coniferous area; Baltic Austria (under countries; Belarus bark) 3a.115 Hylastes cunicularius Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Western Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – H Main damage Erich. coniferous area; Baltic Larix (under - to young countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) trees and Ukraine; Transcaucasus; young Kazakhstan plantations 3a.116 Hylastes opacus Er. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Eastern Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M coniferous area; Baltic Europe (under countries; Belarus; Ukraine bark) 3a.117 [Hylastes plumbeus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Finland; Sweden; Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – M Blandf.] coniferous area; Kazakhstan Japan; Korea Larix (under bark) 3a.118 Hylesinus crenatus Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not yet checked Europe Fraxinus Trunks VL – L Fabr. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Central Asia 3a.119 Hylesinus fraxini Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Absent Western Europe Fraxinus, Trunks L – M Panz. Baltic countries; Belarus; Quercus, other (under Moldova; Ukraine deciduous bark) 3a.120 Hylesinus oleiperda Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not yet checked Europe Fraxinus, Trunks L Fabr. Baltic countries; Belarus; Olea, Syringa, (under Moldova; Ukraine; Fagus, other bark) Transcaucasus deciduous 3a.121 Hylurgops glabratus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L Zett. coniferous area; Baltic Abies (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.122 Hylurgops palliatus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L Gyll. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix, (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Juniperus bark) 33 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.123 Hylurgus ligniperda Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks L Fabr. S.E. Russia, S. Siberia; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine 3a.124 Ips acuminatus Gyll. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, other Trunks L area; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.125 Ips amitinus Eichh. Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea Trunks L Baltic countries; Ukraine (widespread); (under Tunisia bark) 3a.126 Ips duplicatus Sahlb. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M area; Baltic countries; (widespread); Japan sibirica, other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous bark) Georgia; Kazakhstan 3a.127 Ips sexdentatus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – H Boern. area; Baltic countries; (widespread); other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; China; Korea; coniferous bark) Transcaucasus Thailand; Turkey 3a.128 Ips typographus L. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Canada Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks L – VH area; Baltic countries; (introduced); (widespread); sibirica, other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; USA China; Japan; coniferous bark) Georgia; Tadjikistan (introduced) Korea; Turkey 3a.129 Orthotomicus laricis Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Fabr. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.130 Orthotomicus Scolytidae N.E. Russia, C.E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L longicollis Gyll. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.131 Orthotomicus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L proximus Eichh. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.132 Orthotomicus starki Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Spess. S.E. Russia, N.E.Siberia, Larix (under N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia, bark) Transbaik.; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.133 Orthotomicus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L suturalis Gyll. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.134 Phthorophloeus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L [Phtorophloeus ] coniferous area; Baltic (under spinulosus Rey. countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 34 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.135 Pityogenes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M bidentatus Hrbst. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under (= P. bidens F.) countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.136 Pityogenes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Western Europe; Picea, other Trunks L – M chalcographus L. area; Baltic countries; Japan coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.137 Pityogenes Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. Not known Alps; Bulgaria; Pinus pumila, Trunks L – M conjunctus Reitt. [ P. Siberia, Transbaik., N. Far Poland P. sibirica, (under baikalicus Egg.] East, S. Far East Picea bark) 3a.138 Pityogenes irkutensis Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L Egg. area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.139 Pityogenes Scolytidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L quadridens Hart. Far East; Baltic countries; Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.140 Pityogenes saalasi Scolytidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L Egg. Russia, S. Siberia (Baikal), (under Transbaik.; Baltic countries; bark) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.141 Pityogenes Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L trepanatus Nördl. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.142 Pityokteines Scolytidae S.E. Russia, N.E. Siberia, Not known Western Europe; Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M curvidens Germ. N.W. Siberia; Ukraine; Japan (?) other (under Transcaucasus coniferous bark) 3a.143 Pityokteines Scolytidae Ukraine (the Carpathians), Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M spinidens Reitt. Transcaucasus other (under coniferous bark) 3a.144 Pityokteines Scolytidae Ukraine (the Carpathians), Not known Central and Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M vorontzowi ? [ P. Transcaucasus Southern Europe other (under vorontzovi Jacobs .] coniferous bark) 3a.145 Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Larix Trunks VL – L glabratus Eichh. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.146 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L lichtensteini Ratz. Far East; Baltic countries; Abies (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.147 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L micrographus L. Far East; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.148 Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L morosovi Spess. N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. (under Siberia, Transbaik. bark) 3a.149 Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L traegardhi Spess. N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. (under Siberia bark) 35 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.150 Polygraphus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Central and Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – M polygraphus L. area; Baltic countries; Northern Europe; Larix, Abies (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Turkey bark) 3a.151 Polygraphus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks L punctifrons Thoms. coniferous area; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3a.152 Polygraphus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Abies Trunks L subopacus Thoms. coniferous area; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine 3a.153 Scolytus ensifer Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus, other Trunks L Eichh. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; deciduous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.154 Scolytus intricatus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks L Vector of Ratz. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Carpinus, (under Ophiostoma Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Fagus, bark) roboris and Transcaucasus Castanea, other Ulmus, Betula mycoses 3a.155 Scolytus kirschi Skal. Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Central and Ulmus Trunks L – M The main Baltic countries; Belarus; Southern Europe (under damage – on Moldova; Ukraine; bark) elm Transcaucasus plantations in the steppes 3a.156 Scolytus multistriatus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada, USA Europe Ulmus, Trunks L – M Marsham. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (widespread); Iran; Populus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Algeria; Egypt; tremula, bark) Australia Quercus, other deciduous 3a.157 Scolytus orientalis Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea); Not known Bulgaria; Romania; Ulmus, Trunks L – M Egg. (possibly – S. Transcaucasus; Central Asia Iran (North) Zelkowa (under multistriatus Marsh.) bark) 3a.158 Scolytus pygmaeus F. Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Ulmus, other Trunks L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; deciduous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.159 Scolytus ratzeburgi Scolytidae Russia: widespread in birch Not known Europe Betula Trunks L – M Jans. area; Baltic countries; (widespread) (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.160 Scolytus scolytus F. Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Europe Ulmus, other Trunks L – H Vecto r of Baltic countries; Belarus; (widespread); India, deciduous (under Graphium Moldova; Ukraine; Iran bark) ulmi Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia

36 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

3a.161 Scolytus sulcifrons Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not known Southern Europe Ulmus, other Trunks L – M Rey. deciduous (under bark) 3a.162 [Scolytus zaitzevi Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not known Not known Ulmus Trunks L – M But.] (South); Transcaucasus (under bark) 3a.163 Tomicus minor ? Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus Trunks L – M [Blastophagus area; Baltic countries; (widespread) (under minor Hart.] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.164 Tomicus piniperda Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus Trunks L – H [Blastophagus area; Baltic countries; (widespread); (under piniperda L.] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mongolia; Northern bark) Transcaucasus China 3a.165 Trypodendron Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Europe Not yet checked Pinus, Picea, Trunks L lineatum Oliv. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.166 Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East Europe Not yet checked Pinus sibirica, Trunks VL – L proximum Niis. Picea (wood) 3a.167 Xyleborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada Europe Quercus, Trunks L – M [= Anisandrus ] S.E. Russia, N. W. Siberia, S. (introduced); (widespread) Castanea, (under dispar ******** Siberia (West); Baltic USA Carpinus, bark) countries; Belarus; Moldova; (introduced) Juglans Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.168 Xyleborus Scolytidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Present Europe Quercus, Trunks L – M [= Anisandrus ] countries; Belarus; Moldova; (widespread); Iran; Carpinus, (under saxeseni Ukraine; Transcaucasus; India; Mongolia; Fagus, bark) Kazakhstan; Central Asia China; Korea; Fraxinus, Japan Ulmus, other deciduous and coniferous 3a.169 Xylechinus pilosus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in fir and Not known Central and Abies, Picea Trunks L – M spruce area; Baltic countries; Northern Europe (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.170 Blaps halophila Tenebrionidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous, Roots L Main damage Baltic countries; Belarus; coniferous and - on young Moldova; Ukraine; Central other plants plants and in Asia nurseries 3a.171 Opatrum Tenebrionidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Europe Deciduous, Roots, L Main damage sabulosum Siberia; Baltic countries; coniferous and leaves - on young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; other plants plants and in Transcaucasus; Central Asia nurseries

37 Table 3a. INSECTS DIPTERA, HETEROPTERA & HOMOPTERA

Diptera 3a.172 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Not known Widespread in Picea Cones and L - M Data of Dr. [Pegohylemyia] Picea area Baltic countries, Europe, China, seeds Alain Roques anthracina Belarus, Ukraine Japan 3a.173 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Not known Widespread in Larix Cones and M - H Data of Dr. [Lasiomma] Larix area; Baltic countries; Europe, China, seeds Alain Roques laricicola Belarus, Ukraine Japan 3a.174 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Not known Widespread in Larix Cones and M – H Data of Dr. [Lasiomma] Larix area;. Europe, China seeds Alain Roques infrequens 3a.175 Kaltenbachiola [= Cecidomyiidae Russia: widespread in Picea Not known Central and Picea Cones and L - M Data of Dr. Perresia] strobi area; Baltic countries; Northern Europe seeds Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine; Kazakhst. 3a.176 Plemeliella Cecidomyiidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Widespread in Picea Seeds VL - L Data of Dr. abietina S.E. Russia; Belarus, Ukraine Picea area in Alain Roques Europe 3a.177 Resseliella piceae Cecidomyiidae Transcaucasus Not known Western, Central , Abies Cones and M - H Data of Dr. Southern Europe seeds Alain Roques 3a.178 Earomyia bazini Lonchaeidae S. Siberia, N. Far East Not known France, Poland Larixs Seeds L-M Data of Dr. Alain Roques 3a.179 Earomyia Lonchaeidae Transcaucasus Not known Austria, Italy, Abies Seeds M - H Data of Dr. impossibile Romania Alain Roques [E. impossibilis] 3a.180 Earomyia Lonchaeidae C.E. Russia, S. Siberia, Not known Westen, Central, Picea Seeds M - H Data of Dr. schystopiga Transbaik.s Northern Europe Alain Roques Heteroptera 3a.181 Aradus Aradidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada; USA Finland; Sweden; Pinus Trunks L – H Main damage cinnamomeus S.E. Russia, N.E.Siberia, Norway; Denmark; sylvestris, (under – to young (5 N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia; Netherlands; Spain; other Pinus, bark) – 25 year- Baltic countries; Belarus; Greece; Chechia; Larix old) pine Moldova; Ukraine Slovakia; Bulgaria; plantations. Poland; Hungary; Vector of Israel; Turkey; resin flow canker Homoptera 3a.182 Adelges laricis Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage spruce and larch area Larix sprouts & – to young needles trees 3a.183 Adelges tardus Adelgidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not known Central and Picea Young L – M Main damage Baltic countries; Belarus Northern Europe sprouts and - to young needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.184 Aphrastasia Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage pectinatae spruce and fir area ; Baltic Abies sprouts and – to young [A. pectinate] countries needles trees

38 Table 3a. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

3a.185 Chermes [Adelges] Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Scandinavia Picea and Young VL – L Main damage tardoides spruce and larch area Larix sprouts & – to young needles trees 3a.186 Dreyfusia Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage nordmannianae spruce and fir area Abies sprouts & – to young needles trees 3a.187 Pineus pini Adelgidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Europe: widespread Pinus Young L – M Main damage S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; in pine area sprouts and - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.188 Cholodkovskya Aphididae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Western Europe Larix Young L – M Main damage viridara S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; sprouts and - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.189 Dysaphis Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus, Populus Leaves VL – M (= Yezabura) Transcaucasus; Central Asia reaumuri 3a.190 Sacchiphantes Aphididae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Western Europe Picea Young L – M Main damage abietis area ; Baltic countries; sprouts and - to young Belarus; Kazakhstan needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.191 Sacchiphantes Aphididae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage viridis common spruce and larch Larix sprouts and – to young area ; Baltic countries; needles trees Belarus; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.192 Thecabius affinis Aphididae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, N. Not yet checked Widespread in Populus Leaves VL – M (= T. agnotus) W. Siberia, S. Siberia, Eurasia Transbaikalia, S. Far East; Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Central Asia 3a.193 Parthenolecanium Coccidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Present Western Europe Corylus, Trunks and L – M Main damage corni S.E. Russia, N. Far East, S. Robinia, Acer, branches - to young Far East; Baltic countries; Caragana, (on the plants in Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Vitis , other bark) plantations Transcaucasus; Central Asia deciduous and nurseries 3a.194 Chionaspis salicis Diaspididae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Salix , Populus , Trunks and L – M Main damage S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Fraxinus, branches - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Acer, other (on the plants in Transcaucasus deciduous bark) plantations and nurseries

39 Table 3a. INSECTS HOMOPTERA & HYMENOPTERA

3a.195 Lepidosaphes ulmi Diaspididae Russia: widespread; Baltic Widespread Widespread in the Populus , Salix , Trunks and L – M Main damage countries; Belarus; Moldova; world fruit and other branches - to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; deciduous (on the plants in Kazakhstan; Central Asia bark) plantations and nurseries Hymenoptera 3a.196 Arge [= Hylotoma] Argidae Russia: widespread in birch Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves L pullata area; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.197 Diprion Diprionidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Europe Pinus Needles M – H [= Lophyrus] pini area; Baltic countries; (widespread); Belarus; Ukraine; Algeria Transcaucasus 3a.198 Neodiprion sertifer Diprionidae Russia: widespread in pine East of USA Western Europe; Pinus Needles M – H [Tenthredo rufa] area; Baltic countries; (introduced and Japan; Korea Belarus; Ukraine; not yet widely Transcaucasus distributed) 3a.199 Eurytoma laricis Eurytomidae S.E. Russia, C.E. Russia, S. Not known Europe: widespread Larix seeds VL – L Data of Dr. (= E. bouceki ) Siberia, Transbaik in Larix area, Alain Roques Finland, China 3a.200 Eurytoma Eurytomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacia Nuts VL – L plotnikovi 3a.201 Acantholyda Pamphiliidae Russia: widespread in pine East of USA Western Europe; Pinus Needles M – H Main damage [= Lyda] area; Baltic countries; (introduced and Korea – to young erythrocephala Belarus; Ukraine; not yet widely mono- Kazakhstan distributed) cultures of pine 3a.202 Acantholyda Pamphiliidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not known Western Europe Pinus Needles L – M Main damage [Lyda] Baltic countries; Belarus; – to 2 – 4 hieroglyphica Moldova; Ukraine; year-old Transcaucasus plantations and nurseries 3a.203 Acantholyda Pamphiliidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Western Europe; Pinus Needles M – H posticalis [Lyda area ; Baltic countries; Japan; Mongolia nemoralis Belarus; Ukraine; (= Acantholyda Kazakhstan pinivora = Tenthredo stellata)] 3a.204 Sirex [Paururus] Siricidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, other Trunks L juvencus area; Baltic countries; coniferous (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus

40 Table 3a. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA

3a.205 Tremex fuscicornis Siricidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Betula, Trunks L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; Chili, China (North Populus (wood) Ukraine – East); Japan; tremula, Salix, Korea Fagus, Quercus 3a.206 Tremex magus Siricidae C. E. Russia, S.E. Russia, S. Absent Western Europe Betula, Fagus, Trunks L – M Siberia (West); Baltic Acer, other (wood) countries; Belarus; Moldova; deciduous Ukraine 3a.207 Urocerus [Sirex] Siricidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Western Europe; Picea, other Trunks L – M gigas area; Baltic countries; Japan coniferous (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3a.208 Croesus Tenthredinidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Alnus, Leaves L [= Nematus] Far East; Baltic countries; Populus, Salix, septentrionalis Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Corylus 3a.209 Macrophya Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, East USA Europe to the Fraxinus, Leaves L punctumalbum S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Caucasus Ligustrum, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crataegus Transcaucasus 3a.210 Mesoneura opaca Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.211 Pristiphora Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Picea Needles L – M abietina S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; [Lygaeonematus Belarus; Ukraine (Nematus) abietinus] 3a.212 Pristiphora Tenthredinidae Russia: widespread in larch Present Western Europe Larix Needles L – M [= Lygaeonematus area ; Baltic countries; = Nematus] Belarus; Ukraine erichsonii 3a.213 Pristiphora Tenthredinidae Russia: widespread in larch Not known Western Europe Larix Needles L – M [= Lygaeonematus] area ; Baltic countries; and young wesmaeli Belarus; Ukraine sprouts 3a.214 Tomostethus Tenthredinidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not yet checked Europe (HR, IT); Fraxinus Leaves L nigritus Russia, S. Far East; Baltic from ES, N. Africa countries; Belarus; Moldova; to the Caucasus Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.215 Trichiocampus Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves L [= Cladius] ulmi S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (= Cladius Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; uncinatus) Transcaucasus

41 Table 3a. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA, ISOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

3a.216 Megastigmus Torymidae Ukraine; Transcaucasus; California Southern Europe; Pistacia Nuts L – M Data of Dr. pistaciae Central Asia North Africa, Iran, (seeds) Alain Roques China 3a.217 Megastigmus pictus Torymidae Russia: widespread in larch Not known Europe: widespread Larix Seeds L – M Data of Dr. area; Baltic countries; in Larix area, China Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine 3a.218 Megastigmus Torymidae C.E. Russia, S. Siberia, Not known Finland, Denmark, Abies Seeds L-M Data of Dr . specularis Baltic countries Sweden, France Alain Roques 3a.219 Megastigmus Torymidae Russia: widespread in Picea Not known Europe: widespread Picea Seeds M – H Data of Dr. strobilobius area; Baltic countries; in Picea area Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine, Transcaucasus 3a.220 Megastigmus Torymidae C.E. Russia, S.E. Russia, Not known Europe: widespread Abies Seeds M - H Data of Dr. suspectus Transcaucasus, Baltic in Abies area Alain Roques countries; Belarus, Ukraine 3a.221 Konowia [= Xiphydriidae Russia: widespread except Absent Western Europe Betula Trunks L – M Pseudoxiphydria] Far East; Baltic countries; (wood) betulae Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.222 Xiphydria camelus Xiphydriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Alnus, Betula Trunks L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; (wood) Ukraine 3a.223 Xiphydria Xiphydriidae Russia: widespread except Not known Western Europe Salix, Populus, Trunks L – M prolongata Far East; Baltic countries; Betula, (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Quercus, Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Ulmus Isoptera 3a.224 Reticulitermes Rhinotermitidae Ukraine (South) Not known Not known Coniferous and Wood M – H Main damage lucifugus deciduous - to telegraph- poles, wood in buildings, etc. Lepidoptera 3a.225 Hyphantria cunea Arctiidae S. E. Russia; Azerbaijan; Canada, Mexico, Europe Morus, Acer Leaves L – M Georgia; Moldova; Ukraine; USA (widespread); negunda, fruit Uzbekistan China; Japan; trees, Ulmus, Korea; Turkey Juglans, Salix 3a.226 Coleophora Coleophoridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada Central & Northern Larix Needles L – M [= Eupista] S.E. Russia, N.E. Siberia, S. (introduced); Europe; Japan; laricella Siberia (West); Baltic USA countries; Belarus; Ukraine (introduced) 3a.227 Cossus cossus Cossidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe; Fraxinus, fruit Trunks L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; Mediterranean trees and other (wood) Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Central region; Western deciduous Asia and Northern China

42 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

3a.228 Lamellocossus Cossidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L [Cossus] terebra S.E. Ru ssia, S. Siberia, S. Far tremula, other (wood) East, Transbaik.; Baltic Populus countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.229 Zeuzera pyrina Cossidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Present Central & Southern Fraxinus, Trunks and L – M Far East; Baltic countries; Europe; Mediter- Quercus, branches Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; ranean region; Ulmus, Malus, (wood) Transcaucasus Southern Africa; Pyrus, other South–East Asia deciduous 3a.230 Endromis Endromidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central and Betula, Salix, Leaves L – M versicolora countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Europe Tilia, Carpinus Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3a.231 Schneidereria Gelechiidae Central Asia Not known Not known Pistacia Nuts L - M [Recurvaria] pistaciicola 3a.232 Abraxas sylvata Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Central and Ulmus, Betula, Leaves L – M S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Northern Europe Prunus padus, East; Baltic countries; Fraxinus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Ribes, Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Grossularia Central Asia 3a.233 Agriopis [Erannis Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M (= Hybernia)] Far East; Baltic countries; Turkey Fagus, Ulmus, aurantiaria Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Betula, Tilia, Transcaucasus Fraxinus, fruit trees 3a.234 Agriopis [Erannis Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M (= Hybernia)] Far East; Baltic countries; Southern Europe; Populus leucophaearia Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Syria; Japan tremula, Transcaucasus Fagus, other deciduous 3a.235 Agriopis [Erannis Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M (= Hybernia)] Far East; Baltic countries; (widespread); Fagus, Ulmus, marginaria Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey Betula, Tilia, Transcaucasus Fraxinus, fruit trees 3a.236 Alsophila [= Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Absent Central and Ulmus, Leaves L – M Anisopterix] Russia, S. Far East; Baltic Southern Europe Quercus, aescularia countries; Belarus; Moldova; Betula, Alnus Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.237 Apocheima [= Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M Biston] hispidaria Siberia; Ukraine Southern Europe Ulmus, fruit trees, Betula 3a.238 Apocheima Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Central Europe Ulmus, Leaves L – M pilosaria [Phigalia S.E. Russia, S. Far East; Quercus, fruit pedaria] Baltic countries; Belarus; trees, Betula Moldova; Ukraine 43 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.239 Biston Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe; Betula, Leaves L – M [= Amphidasis] S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Japan Populus, Tilia, betularia East; Baltic countries; Ulmus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Quercus, Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Fraxinus 3a.240 Biston strataria Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not known Europe; Turkey Quercus, Leaves L – M Baltic countries; Belarus; Populus, Tilia, Moldova; Ukraine; Betula Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.241 Bupalus Geometridae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Central and Pinus Needles M – H [= Fidonia] area ; Baltic countries; Northern Europe piniarius Belarus; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.242 Colotis [= Himera] Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Absent Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M pennaria Russia, S. Far East; Baltic Turkey Carpinus, countries; Belarus; Moldova; Fagus, Betula, Ukraine; Transcaucasus Populus, Salix 3a.243 Ectropis [Boarmia] Geometridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe Abies, Larix, Needles L – H Extremely bistortata countries; Belarus; Ukraine; (widespread) Ribes polyphagous Transcaucasus 3a.244 Ectropis extersaria Geometridae Russia: widespread except Absent Central Europe; Betula, Alnus, Leaves L – M [Parectropis North regions; Baltic Japan Quercus, luridata (= countries; Belarus; Ukraine Corylus Boarmia extersaria = B. luridata)] 3a.245 Ennomos Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Absent Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M quercinaria Far East; Baltic countries; Turkey Betula, Tilia, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Fagus, Transcaucasus Carpinus 3a.246 Erannis Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not known Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Hybernia] Russia, S. Far East; Baltic (widespread) Fagus, Ulmus, defoliaria countries; Belarus; Moldova; Betula, Tilia, Ukraine; Transcaucasus Fraxinus, fruit trees 3a.247 Eupithecia Geometridae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Northern, western Picea , Pinus, Cones and M - H Data of Dr. abietaria area and central Europe seeds Alain Roques 3a.248 Eupithecia Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Not known Northern western Picea , Cones and M - H Data of Dr. bilunulata [E. N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. and central Europe seeds Alain Roques analoga] Siberia, Transbaik.; Baltic [E. strobilata] countries; Belarus, Ukraine 3a.249 Hylaea [Ellopia] Geometridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central and Pinus, Picea , Needles L – M fasciaria countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Northern Europe Abies [= E. prosapiaria] Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.250 Lycia [= Biston] Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe; Ulmus, fruit Leaves L – M hirtaria S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Turkey trees, Salix , East; Baltic countries; Populus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Betula, Tilia, Kazakhstan Acer, Quercus 44 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.251 Operophtera [= Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Western USA Europe Quercus, fruit Leaves M – H Cheimatobia] Russia, S. Far East; Baltic (introduced); (widespread); Iran; trees, Ulmus, brumata countries; Belarus; Moldova; Eastern Canada Japan; Algeria; Fagus, Tilia, Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (introduced) Tunisia Carpinus, Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan Acer, Salix 3a.252 Poecilopsis Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Northern – Western Deciduous Leaves L – M [= Biston] S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Europe fruit and forest pomonaria Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine trees & shrubs 3a.253 Semiothisa Geometridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Pinus, Picea , Needles L – M [= Macaria] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Abies liturata Transcaucasus 3a.254 Semiothisa Geometridae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Picea , Abies, Needles L – M [= Macaria] coniferous area; Baltic Northern Europe Pinus signaria countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.255 Dendrolimus pini Lasiocampidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Europe (generally); Pinus Needles H – VH area; Baltic countries; Asia (generally); sylvestris Belarus; Ukraine; Morocco Kazakhstan 3a.256 Eriogaster Lasiocampidae Russia: widespread in forest Absent Western Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Lasiocampa = area; Baltic countries; Betula, Tilia, Gastropacha] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Populus Salix lanestris 3a.257 Malacosoma Lasiocampidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Absent Western Europe; Rosaceae, Leaves L – M [= Gastropacha] Siberia, S. Far East; Baltic Northern China; Quercus, neustria countries; Belarus; Moldova; Korea; Japan Populus, Salix Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.258 Cosmotriche Lasiocampidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central Europe Abies,Larix, Needles L – H [= Selenephera = countries; Belarus; Moldova; Picea, Pinus Selenophora] Ukraine lunigera 3a.259 Calliteara Lymantriidae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Picea , Abies Needles L – M [Dasychira] abietis coniferous area; Baltic Northern Europe; Pinus, Larix, countries; Belarus; Ukraine Japan 3a.260 Calliteara Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M [Dasychira] countries; Belarus; Moldova; Japan Fagus, pudibunda Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Carpinus, Kazakhstan; Central Asia Betula, Salix 3a.261 Euproctis Lymantriidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Canada, USA Europe (widely); Quercus, fruit Leaves M – H [= Nygmia] Baltic countries; Belarus; Iran; Syria; Turkey; trees, Ulmus, chrysorrhoea Moldova; Ukraine; Algeria; Morocco; Populus, other Transcaucasus Mauritania; Tunisia deciduous 3a.262 Leucoma Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Canada (West); Europe (widely); Salix, Populus Leaves M – H The most [= Stilpnotia] countries; Belarus; Moldova; USA (East) Mediterranean dangerous salicis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; region; Northern for Kazakhstan; Central Asia Mongolia; China; plantations of Korea; Japan; Salix and Northern Africa Populus 45 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.263 Lymantria Lymantriidae Russia: widespread ; Baltic Canada and Europe (widely); Quercus, fruit Leaves M – VH Extremely [= Ocneria = countries; Belarus; Moldova; USA Mediterranean trees, Populus, polyphagous Porthetria] dispar Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (introduced) region; India; Betula, Larix, Kazakhstan; Central Asia Afghanistan; Iran; etc. Iraq; China; Japan; Korea; Taiwan 3a.264 Lymantria Lymantriidae Russia: widespread in Absent Europe (widely); Pinus, Picea , Needles, H - VH [= Ocneria] coniferous area; Baltic China; Japan; Abies , Larix young monacha countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Korea; Turkey; sprouts and Transcaucasus Mediterranean buds region (generally) 3a.265 Orgyia antiqua Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Present Western Europe; Quercus, Leaves and M - H countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Eastern Asia; Populus, needles Transcaucasus Northern China; Betula, other Japan deciduous , Picea , Larix 3a.266 Sphrageidus Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Euproctis = countries; Belarus; Moldova; (widespread); Betula, fruit Porthesia] similis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; China; Japan trees Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.267 Acronicta aceris Noctuidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Central and Quercus, Acer, Leaves L – M S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Western Europe; Ulmus, Fagus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mediterranean Aesculus, Transcaucasus; Central Asia region Populus, Salix 3a.268 Agrotis segetum Noctuidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Europe Deciduous, Roots L – M Main damage countries; Belarus; Moldova; (widespread); Asia coniferous and - to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (widespread); other plants plantations Kazakhstan; Central Asia Africa (widespread) and in nurseries 3a.269 Colocasia Noctuidae N.E. Russia, C E.Russia, S.E. Not known Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Demas] coryli Russia, N.E.Siberia, N.W. Northern Europe Betula, Fagus, Siberia, S. Siberia; Baltic Carpinus, countries; Belarus; Moldova; Corylus, Ukraine; Transcaucasus Populus, Salix 3a.270 Moma Noctuidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central & Northern Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Daseochaeta = countries; Belarus; Moldova; Europe; China; Fagus, Betula, Diphtera] alpium Ukraine Korea; Japan Carpinus 3a.271 Orthosia cruda Noctuidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Central and Quercus, Acer, Leaves L – M [Monima (= S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Northern Europe; Tilia, Betula, Taeniocampa) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mediterranean Ulmus, pulverulenta] Transcaucasus region Populus tremula 3a.272 Orthosia Noctuidae N.E.Russia, C.E. Russia, S.E. Present Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M [Monima (= Russia, S.Siberia, S.Far East; Northern Europe; Betula, Taeniocampa] Baltic countries; Belarus; Mediterranean Populus, incerta Moldova; Ukraine; region Ulmus, Tilia Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 46 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.273 Orthosia [Monima Noctuidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M = Taeniocampa] S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Mediterranean Fagus stabilis Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine region; Japan 3a.274 Panolis flammea Noctuidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Central Europe; Pinus Needles M – H area; Baltic countries; Northern Mongolia; Belarus; Ukraine Northern China; Korea; Japan 3a.275 Cerura Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Europe (widely); Populus, Salix Leaves L – M [= Dicranura = countries; Belarus; Moldova; Turkey; Northern Harpia] vinula Ukraine; Transcaucasus China; Japan 3a.276 Clostera [ possibly Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Populus Leaves L – M Pygaera] countries; Belarus; Moldova; tremula, Salix, anastomosis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; other Populus Central Asia 3a.277 Exaereta [= Notodontidae S. E. Russia, S. Far East; Absent Central and Ulmus Leaves L – M Uropus] ulmi Moldova; Ukraine; Southern Europe; Transcaucasus Turkey 3a.278 Leucodonta Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central and Betula Leaves L – M bicoloria countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Europe; Ukraine Japan 3a.279 Peridea Notodontidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Western Europe Quercus Leaves L – M [Notodonta] anceps Far East; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.280 Phalera bucephala Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Quercus, Tilia, Leaves L – M Main damage countries; Belarus; Moldova; Mediterranean Betula, – to city Ukraine; Transcaucasus; region Populus, Salix plantations Kazakhstan 3a.281 Thaumetopoea Notodontidae C. E. Russia (Kaliningrad Absent Central Europe Pinus Needles M Main damage [= Cnethocampa] region); Lithuania sylvestris – to pines on pinivora sand dunes 3a.282 Thaumetopoea Notodontidae Moldova; Ukraine Absent Central and Quercus Leaves L – M [= Cnethocampa] Southern Europe processionea [T. prozessionea] 3a.283 Nymphalis Nymphalidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus, wild Leaves L [= Vanessa] Siberia, Baltic countries; fruit trees polychloros Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.284 Aporia crataegi Pieridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe (widely); fruit trees, Leaves L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; Mediterranean Quercus, Ukraine; Transcaucasus; region; Korea; Ulmus Kazakhstan; Central Asia China; Japan 3a.285 Dioryctria abietella Pyralidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Europe; Korea; Picea , Abies , Cones and M - H Data of Dr. area; Baltic countries; Northern China; Larix , seeds Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus 47 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.286 Etiella zinckenella Pyralidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Canada; USA Western Europe; Pseudoacacia, Seeds L - M countries; Belarus, Moldova, Mediterranean Caragana Ukraine region; tropical and subtropical regions 3a.287 Paranthrene Sesiidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Populus Trunks and L - H Main damage [Sciapteron] countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Mongolia (including P. branches - to young tabaniformis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; tremula ), Salix (wood) trees in Kazakhstan; Central Asia plantations and nurseries 3a.288 Sesia [Aegeria] Sesiidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Present Western Europe; Populus Trunks and L – M Main damage apiformis N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. Turkey; North (including P. roots (wood - to young Siberia; Baltic countries; America tremula ), and under trees in South Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Salix, Betula, bark) regions Transcaucasus; Central Asia Tilia, Fraxinus 3a.289 Sphinx pinastri Sphingidae Russia: widespread except Not known Central and Pinus Needles L – M Far East; Baltic countries; Northern Europe; Belarus; Ukraine; Japan Transcaucasus 3a.290 Aleimma [Tortrix] Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S.E. Russia; Not known Central and Quercus Leaves L – M loeflingiana Baltic countries; Belarus; Southern Europe; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey Transcaucasus 3a.291 Archips Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not known Western Europe; Fruit trees, Leaves L – M crataeganus Baltic countries; Belarus; Turkey; China; Quercus, [Cacoecia (= Moldova; Ukraine; Japan Fraxinus, Archips = Tortrix) Transcaucasus Populus, Tilia, crataegana] Ulmus 2.292 Archips oporanus Tortricidae C. E. Russia, N. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked All Europe, China, Pinus, Abies, Needles L – H (= Cacoecia (= Siberia, S. Far East Japan, Koreas Picea, Larix, Tortrix) piceana) Juniperus 3a.293 Archips rosanus Tortricidae Russia: widespread except Present Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [Cacoecia (= Far East; Baltic countries; (introduced) (widespread); Ulmus, Betula, Archips = Tortrix) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey; Northern Fraxinus, rosana] Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Africa Acer, Populus, Central Asia fruit trees 3a.294 Archips xylosteanus Tortricidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not known Western Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M [Cacoecia (= Russia, S. Far East; Baltic Near East; China; Fraxinus, Archips = Tortrix) countries; Belarus; Moldova; Korea; Japan Betula, Ulmus, xylosteana] Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Acer, Populus, Turkmenistan fruit trees 3a.295 Blastesthia Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Buds L Main damage turionella [Evetria Siberia; Baltic countries; - to 6 – 16 turionana] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine year-old plantations 3a.296 Choristoneura Tortricidae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Abies, Picea Needles L – M [= Cacoecia = coniferous area ; Baltic Northern Europe Archips = Tortrix] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; murinana Transcaucasus 48 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.297 Cydia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Central and Quercus, Fruits L - M Carpocapsa] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Southern Europe; Corylus, amplana Moldova; Transcaucasus Turkey Fagus, Castanea 3a.298 Cydia [= Tortricidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not known Western Europe; Fagus Fruits L - M Carpocapsa] Moldova; Transcaucasus; Turkey grossana [= Central Asia Laspeyresia fagiglandana] 3a.299 Cydia illutana Tortricidae C. E. Russia Not known Central and Larix, Picea Cones and L – M [Laspeyresia (= Northern Europe seeds Grapholitha) illutana illutana] 3a.300 Cydia [= Tortricidae Russia; Baltic countries; Mexico; Europe (widely); Juglans, fruit Nuts, fruits L – M Laspeyresia] Belarus; Ukraine; Moldova; Canada; USA Asia (widely); S. trees pomonella Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; America (widely); Central Asia Africa; New Zealand; Australia 3a.301 Cydia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in oak Not known Italy Quercus, Acorns, L – M Carpocapsa] area; Baltic countries; Castanea fruits splendana Belarus; Ukraine; Moldova; Transcaucasus 3a.302 Cydia Tortricidae Russia: widespread in spruce Widespread in Western, Central Picea Cones and M [= Laspeyresia = area; Baltic countries; North America and Northern seeds Grapholitha] Belarus; Ukraine Europe strobilella 3a.303 Gravitarmata Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Western and Pinus Cones and L-M Data of Dr. [= Evetria] Far East Central Europe seeds Alain Roques margarotana 3a.304 Petrova [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Young VL – L Main damage Evetria] resinella area ; Baltic countries; sprouts, - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; buds and pine trees Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan needles 3a.305 Rhyacionia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in pine Canada; USA Europe (widely); Pinus Needles, L – M Main damage Evetria] buoliana area ; Baltic countries; Cyprus; Israel; buds and - to 3 - 12 Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Japan; Syria; young year-old pine Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Turkey; Argentina; sprouts plantations Chile; Uruguay 3a.306 Rhyacionia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in pine Present Europe Pinus Needles, L – M Main damage Evetria] duplana area ; Baltic countries; (introduced) (widespread); Japan buds and – to 3 – 6 Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine young year-old sprouts plantations 3a.307 Tortrix viridana Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Western Europe; Quercus Leaves M – H Baltic countries; Belarus; Turkey Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus

49 Table 3a. INSECTS & NEMATODES LEPIDOPTERA , ORTHOPTERA & APHELENCHOIDEA

3a.308 Zeiraphera Tortricidae Russia: widespread in Present Southern, Central Larix, Picea, Needles M – H [= Semasia = coniferous area ; Baltic and Northern Pinus, Abies Grapholitha] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Europe diniana [= Z. Kazakhstan griseana] 3a.309 Zeiraphera [= Tortricidae N. E. Russia Not known Western, Central Picea Cones and L Semasia] and Northern seeds ratzeburgiana Europe 3a.310 Zeiraphera [= Tortricidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea Female M – H Semasia = Epinotia Russia, N.E.Siberia, N.W. flowers, = Grapholitha = Siberia, S. Siberia; Baltic needles Tortrix] countries; Belarus; Ukraine rufimitrana 3a.311 Zeiraphera [= Tortricidae N. E. Russia Not known Europe Abies Cones and L Data of Dr. Semasia] seeds Alain Roques rufimitrana 3a.312 Ocnerostoma Yponomeutidae Transbaik. Not known Western Europe Pinus Needles L – M friesei sylvestris 3a.313 Yponomeuta Yponomeutidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Western Europe Salix, Sorbus Leaves L – M rorellus Baltic countries; Belarus; [Hyponomeuta Moldova; Ukraine rorella (= H. rorellus)] Orthoptera 3a.314 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Eastern USA Western Europe; Deciduous, Roots L - H Main damage gryllotalpa Baltic countries; Belarus; (introduced) Northern Africa; coniferous and – to young Moldova; Ukraine; Near East other plants plantations Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; and in Central Asia nurseries 3a.315 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae S. Far East Absent Not known Deciduous, Roots L - H Main damage orientalis [G. coniferous and – to young fossor] other plants plantations and in nurseries 3a.316 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae S.E.Russia, S.Siberia (West); Absent Iran; China Deciduous, Roots L - H Main damage unispina Ukraine; Georgia; coniferous and – to young Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; other plants plantations Central Asia and in nurseries Nematodes 3a.317 Bursaphelenchus Aphelenchoidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, other Trunks and VL – L mucronatus countries; Belarus; Moldova; coniferous branches Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (wood) Kazakhstan; Central Asia

50 Table 3b. ACARI & INSECTS ACARINA & COLEOPTERA

Table 3b. Forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Acari (Arachnida) 3b.1 Eriophyes (= Eriophyidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus Leaves VL - L Phytoptus) padi Belarus; Transcaucasus; Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3b.2 Tenuipalpus Tenuipalpidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Diospyros kaki Leaves VL - M zhizhilashvilliae (= Trichadenidae) 3b.3 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL - M coryli] Insecta Coleoptera 3b.4 [Rhynchites Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Prunus Fruits & VL – L faldermanni] seeds 3b.5 [Rhynchites Attelabidae Armenia, Tadjikistan, Not yet checked Iran Prunus Seeds L – H zaitzevi] Uzbekistan amygdalus 3b.6 Rhynchites heros Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas, Japan Malus, Pyrus, Fruits & VL – M Prunus seeds 3b.7 [Phonapate Bostrychidae Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Haloxylon Trunks L – M deserti] (wood) 3b.8 Xylogenes dilatatus Bostrychidae Tadjikistan; Turkmenistan Not yet checked Syria, Iran Tamarix Trunks L – M (wood) 3b.9 [Agrilus nivosus] Buprestidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacea Trunks L – M (under bark) 3b.10 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Armenia; Georgia (East) Not yet checked Not yet checked Cydonia, Trunks L – M (= Euanthaxia) Prunus (under tractata] bark) 3b.11 [Capnodis excisa] Buprestidae Georgia; Central Asia Not yet checked India, Iran Calligonum, Trunks VL – L Haloxylon (under bark) 3b.12 [Chrysobothris Buprestidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Elaeagnus Trunks VL – L deserticola] (under bark) 3b.13 [Cratomerus Buprestidae Armenia; Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Trunks L – M mirabilis] Cydonia (under bark) 51 Table 3b. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

3b.14 [Cyphosoma Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran Tamarix Trunks VL – L tataricum] Central Asia (under bark) 3b.15 [Dicerca obtuse] Buprestidae Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Trunks VL – L Kyrgyzstan (under bark) 3b.16 [Sphenoptera Buprestidae Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Trunks L – M (= Tropeopeltis) (under anthaxoides] bark) 3b.17 [Sphenoptera Buprestidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Haloxylon Trunks and L parfentjevi] roots (under bark) 3b.18 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae Tadjikistan; southern Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacea Trunks L – M Cryptocratomerus) Turkmenistan (under turanus bark) 3b.19 Sphenoptera Buprestidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Trunks L – H kaznakovi (= S. amygdalis, (under kaznakowi) other Prunus bark) 3b.20 [Cleroclytus Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked China Malus, Juglans Trunks VL – L collaris (= C. (wood) manifestus)] 3b.21 [Oberea vittata] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Corylus Trunks VL – M (wood) 3b.22 [Phymatodes Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Vitis Trunks VL – L maacki] Koreas (wood) 3b.23 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia (mountains); Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans, Trunks VL – L johannis] Kazakhstan (mountains) Sorbus, (wood) Prunus, Cotoneaster 3b.24 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Trunks VL – L juglandis] (wood) 3b.25 Xylotrechus grumi Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Elaeagnus Trunks L – M (wood) 3b.26 [Cyaniris discolor] Chrysomelidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Leaves VL – L 3b.27 [Labidostomis Chrysomelidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacea Leaves L – M stenostoma] 3b.28 Epilachna 28- Coccinellidae S. Far East Not yet checked China; Japan; Solanum, Leaves L – H maculata Koreas Juglans, Crataegus, Aralia, other trees and herbs 3b.29 [Catapionus Curculionidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L semiglabratus] 3b.30 [Phyllobius Curculionidae Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L solskyi] 3b.31 [Lytta coccinea] Meloidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M protecting plants 52 Table 3b. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3b.32 [Mylabris javeti] Meloidae Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan Not yet checked Northern Iran Sand- Leaves L – M protecting plants 3b.33 [Mylabris Meloidae Southern Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Iran Sand- Leaves L – M sedecimpunctata] Central Asia protecting plants 3b.34 [Teratolytta Meloidae Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves & L – H eylandti] protecting flowers plants 3b.35 Mylabris Meloidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M elegantissima (= protecting M. elegantissimus) plants 3b.36 [Pseudoadoretus Scarabaeidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L dilutellus] protecting plants 3b.37 [Pseudoadoretus Scarabaeidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L validus] protecting plants 3b.38 Adoretus nigrifrons Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran, Afghanistan Sand- Roots VL – M Kazakhstan; Central Asia protecting plants 3b.39 Adoretus pruinosus Scarabaeidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – M protecting plants 3b.40 Chioneosoma Scarabaeidae Central Asia (deserts) Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – M komarovi protecting plants 3b.41 [Dryocoetes padi] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus maacki Trunks VL – M (under bark) 3b.42 [Xyleborus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus maacki Trunks VL – L orientalis] (under bark) 3b.43 Cryphalus pruni Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Malus Trunks VL – M (under bark) 3b.44 Cryphalus scopiger Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Trunks VL – M (under bark) 3b.45 [Argyrophana Tenebrionidae Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L deserti] protecting plants 3b.46 [Blaps pruinosa] Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – M protecting plants 53 Table 3b. INSECTS COLEOPTERA & HOMOPTERA

3b.47 [Blaps scutellata] Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Stems & VL – M protecting leaves plants 3b.48 [Diesia sexdentata] Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L protecting plants 3b.49 [Sarothropus Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L depressus] protecting plants 3b.50 [Sympiezocnemis Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Root L – M gigantea] protecting crowns plants 3b.51 [Sympiezocnemis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Root L – M kessleri] protecting crowns plants 3b.52 [Tagona Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Haloxylon Leaves VL – L macrophthalma] (саксаул ) 3b.53 [Trigonoscelis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L sublaevicollis] protecting plants 3b.54 [Trigonoscelis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L zoufali] protecting plants 3b.55 [Zophosis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M scabriuscula] protecting plants 3b.56 Adesmia gebleri Tenebrionidae Southern Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M Central Asia protecting plants 3b.57 Blaps fausti Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Stems VL – L protecting plants 3b.58 Sternodes caspicus Tenebrionidae Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Root VL – M protecting crowns, plants stems 3b.59 Trigonoscelis Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L grandis protecting plants Homoptera 3b.60 [Aphis catalpae] Aphididae Ukraine; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Catalpa Leaves VL – L 3b.61 [Brachycaudus Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Leaves VL – L pruni-domesticae] 3b.62 [Echinaphis Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L ussuriensis] 54 Table 3b. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

3b.63 [Macrosiphum Aphididae Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L fallacies] 3b.64 [Mordvilkomemor Aphididae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Leaves VL – L pilosus] 3b.65 Anuraphis pyri- Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus Leaves VL – M laseri (Crimea); Transcaucasus 3b.66 Prociphilus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pyrus Leaves VL – L kuwanae (= P. kuwanai = P. orientalis) 3b.67 Sappaphis piri (= Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pyrus, Leaves VL – L S. pyri = Anuraphis Koreas Artemisia piricola) 3b.68 Schizaphis pyri Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus Leaves VL – L 3b.69 [Tibicina zevara] Cicadidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Roots & VL – M Crataegus, trunks other trees (bark) 3b.70 Didesmococcus (= Coccidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Trunks & L – M Eulecanium) branches unifasciatus 3b.71 Eulecanium Coccidae Transcaucasus; Central Asia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Cotoneaster, Trunks & L – M (= Lecanium) Kazakhstan Prunus, Pyrus, branches rugulosum other trees 3b.72 Rhodococcus (= Coccidae Transcaucasus; Central Asia; Not yet checked Iran Prunus, Pyrus, Trunks & L – M Lecanium) Kazakhstan Malus, other branches turanicus trees 3b.73 Tecaspis Coccidae Armenia, Central Asia Not yet checked Iran Prunus, Malus, Lreaves & VL – M (= Noechionaspis) (= Diaspididae) other trees branches asiatica 3b.74 [Aulacaspis mali] Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus, Trunks & VL – M Crataegus, branches Humulus, other trees 3b.75 Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Malus, Trunks & L – H (= Aspidiotus) Crataegus, branches prunorum other trees 3b.76 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus, Prunus, Trunks, VL – M malicola Juglans, other leaves & trees branches 3b.77 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Maackia, Trunks & VL – L yanagicola Syringa, other branches trees 55 Table 3b. INSECTS HOMOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

3b.78 Lopholeucaspis Diaspididae S. E. Russia, S. Far East; USA Brazil, China, Citrus, Prunus, Trunks, M – VH japonica Ukraine; Transcaucasus India, Iran, Japan, Diospiros, leaves & Koreas, Pakistan, Acer, Pyrus, branches Turkey many other trees 3b.79 Phenacaspis Diaspididae Armenia, Central Asia Not yet checked Irak Prunus Lreaves & VL – M (= Chlidaspis) branches prunorum 3b.80 Salicicola (= Diaspididae Central Asia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Pyrus, Prunus, Trunks, L – M Suturaspis = Malus, other leaves & Leucaspis) trees branches archangelskajae (= S. archangelskyae) 3b.81 [Coccura (= Pseudococcidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas Syringa, Trunks & L – M Phenacoccus) Crataegus, branches ussuriensis] Malus, other trees Hymenoptera 3b.82 Ceratina cyanea Anthophoridae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Catalpa, Leaves VL – L (= C. laevifrons) (= Ceratinidae) Ailanthus 3b.83 Arge (= Hylotoma) Argidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Malus Leaves L – H mali 3b.84 Megastigmus Torymidae Russia: widespread; USA, Canada Europe: Rosa Seeds L – M Data of Dr. aculeatus Transcaucasus, Central Asia, Widespread; Japan, Alain Roques Baltic countries; Belarus, Nort h Africa, South Ukraine Africa, Australia 3b.85 Megastigmus Torymidae Central Asia, S. Siberia Not known Japan Cotoneaster Seeds L – M Data of Dr. cotoneastri Alain Roques 3b.86 Megastigmus Torymidae S.E. Russia, C.E. Russia, Not known Europe: widespread Sorbus, Seeds L – M Data of Dr. brevicaudis N.E. Russia, S. Siberia, Amelanchier Alain Roques Central Asia, Baltic countries; Belarus, Ukraine 3b.87 Megastigmus mali Torymidae S. Siberia, Transbaik Not known Japan Pyrus Seeds L – M Data of Dr. Alain Roques 3b.88 Megastigmus rosae Torymidae S. Siberia Not known Western and Rosa Seeds L – M Data of Dr. Central Europe: Alain Roques 3b.89 Megastigmus rosae Torymidae Central Asia Not known Not known Rosa Seeds L – M Data of Dr. kondaricus Alain Roques Lepidoptera 3b.90 Coleophora (= Coleophoridae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Rosaceae Leaves and VL – M Eupista) buds hemerobiola 3b.91 [Holcocerus Cossidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Absent Absent Haloxylon, Trunks L – H campiola] Arthrophytum (wood) ammodendron

56 Table 3b. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

3b.92 [Biston Geometridae Central Asia North America India, Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L cognataria] 3b.93 [Ephoria Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Juglans Leaves VL – L arenosa] manshurica 3b.94 [Gelasma Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Juglans Leaves VL – L grandificaria] Koreas manshurica 3b.95 [Hypomecis (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Malus Leaves VL – L Boarmia = Koreas Jankowskia) athleta] 3b.96 [Jotaphora Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, India Juglans Leaves VL – M admirabilis] (North) manshurica 3b.97 Apocheima (= Geometridae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Morus, fruit Leaves VL – H Main damage Biston) cinerarius trees – on Morus (= A. cinerarium) 3b.98 Cystidia Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Rosaceae Leaves VL – M couaggaria Koreas 3b.99 Zamacra Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L juglansiaria manshurica 3b.100 [Lasiocampa Lasiocampidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana, Leaves VL – L eversmanni] Kazakhstan other trees 3b.101 [Metanastra (= Lasiocampidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Sorbus, Padus, Leaves VL – L Metanastria) other trees subpurpurea] 3b.102 [Phrixolepia Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans Leaves VL – M serica] Heterogeneidae) mandshurica 3b.103 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Malus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) manshurica betulina] 3b.104 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Juglans Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) enthea] Koreas manshurica 3b.105 [Thecla herzi] Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Malus Leaves VL – L manshurica 3b.106 Orgyia prisca Lymantriidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Fruit trees Leaves VL – L 3b.107 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Malus Leaves VL – L Marmonia) bella] 3b.108 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans, Leaves VL – L Calymnia) Corylus unicolor] 3b.109 [Sinna extrema (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L S. ornatissima)] manshurica 3b.110 [Uropyia Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Juglans Leaves VL – L meticulodina] manshurica 3b.111 Papilio bianor Papilionidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Phellodendron Leaves VL – L Koreas amurense

57 Table 3b. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA & ORTHOPTERA

3b.112 Papilio xuthus Papilionidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Phellodendron Leaves VL – L Koreas amurense 3b.113 [Rhodinia Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Phellodendron Leaves VL – L jankowskii] amurense 3b.114 Synanthedon (= Sesiidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Rosacea ssp. Trunks VL – M Aegeria) hector (=Aegeriidae) (wood) 3b.115 [Smerinthus (= Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L Phyllosphingia) manshurica dissimilis] 3b.116 Marumba (= Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Rosaceae Leaves VL – M Smerinthus) gaschkewitschii 3b.117 [Tischeria Tischeriidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Rosa Leaves VL – M Rosella] 3b.118 [Tortrix Tortricidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana Leaves VL – M praeclarana] Kazakhstan frutex , Caragana arborescens 3b.119 Ancylis selenana Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Fruit trees Leaves VL – M Far East; Ukraine 3b.120 Cydia (= Tortricidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus Fruits L – H Carpocapsa) Transcaucasus pyrivora 3b.121 Eucosma (= Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus , Pyrus, Buds & L – H Semasia) funesta other trees ovaries 3b.122 Spilonota (= Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Malus , Pyrus , Leaves & L – H Tmetocera) other trees fruits prognathana 3b.123 Carposina sasakii Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Malus , Pyrus , Fruits L – H (=Carposinidae) Koreas other trees 3b.124 [Ypsolopha (= Yponomeutidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas Rosaceae Leaves VL – L Cerostoma) (=Plutellidae) sasakii] 3b.125 Illiberis sinensis Zygaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Malus Leaves L – H Koreas mandshurica , Salix , other deciduous Orthoptera 3b.126 [Zubovskia Acrididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Juglans, other Leaves VL - M Main damage parvula] trees – to young plantations and in nurseries 58 Table 4. MITES & MOLLUSKS ACARINA & GASTROPODA

Table 4. Forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritized

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Acari (Arachnida) 4.1 [Bryobia Bryobiidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL - M ulmophila] 4.2 [Paratetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Platanus, Leaves VL - M (= Oligonychus) Corylus, kobachidzei] Juglans, Quercus 4.3 [Paratetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Leaves VL - L (= Oligonychus) Carpinus longiclavatus] 4.4 [Paratetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea, Pinus Leaves VL - M (= Oligonychus) piceae] 4.5 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer, Aesculus Leaves VL - M aceri] 4.6 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus Leaves VL - L carpinula] 4.7 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Leaves VL - M fraxini] 4.8 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL - L ibericus] 4.9 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL - M ulmicola] Gastropoda 4.10 [Helicella Helicidae Central Asia Not yet checked Afghanistan Robinia, Salix Leaves VL – L Main damage candaharica (= – to nurseries Helix derbentina)] 4.11 [Helicella Helicidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Afghanistan Robinia, Leaves VL – M Main damage (= Xerophila) (Crimea); Transcaucasus Prunus, other – to young derbentina] trees plantations and in nurseries

59 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

Insecta Coleoptera 4.12 [Tropiderinus Anthribidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Prunus, Trunks VL – M interruptus] Far East Populus, other (wood) trees 4.13 Apion Apionidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Acer Leaves VL – L pachyrrhynchum Curculionidae) 4.14 [Apoderus Attelabidae N. E. Russia, N. W. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Salix, Quercus, Leaves L – M erythropterus] N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Koreas Corylus, Transbaikalia,N. Far East, S. Ulmus, etc . Far East 4.15 [Apoderus jekeli] Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Alnus, Leaves VL – L Corylus, Juglans, etc . 4.16 [Attelabus (= Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Tilia Leaves VL – L Henicolabus) giganteus] 4.17 Tomapoderus Attelabidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L ruficollis 4.18 [Acmaeodera Buprestidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Trunks VL – L glazunovi] forest trees (under bark) 4.19 [Agrilus Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Trunks VL – M smaragdinus] Betula (under bark) 4.20 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia, Northern Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M Ancylochira - ?) (= S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. China, Koreas other (under Buprestis) sibirica] Far East, N. Far East; coniferous bark) Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan 4.21 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – L Ancylochira - ?) (under rustica nickerli] bark) 4.22 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae Azerbaijan; Armeni a; Central Not yet checked Turkey, Iran, China Populus Trunks VL – L Ancylochira - ?) Asia (under salomonii] bark) 4.23 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia, Northern Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M Ancylochira - ?) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. China other (under strigosa] Far East, N. Far East; coniferous bark) Kazakhstan 4.24 [Anthaxia Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Turkey, Syria Quercus, Trunks L – M (= Chrysanthaxia) Transcaucasus Prunus (under polychloros] amygdalis bark) 4.25 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under auriventris] bark) 60 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.26 [Anthaxia Buprestidae S. Siberia Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under baicalensis] bark) 4.27 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Kyrgyzstan (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under turkestanica] bark) 4.28 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Southern Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under zarudniana] bark) 4.29 [Buprestis Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L proscheki] (Crimea) (under bark) 4.30 [Chrysobothris Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L amurensis] mongolica (under bark) 4.31 [Chrysobothris Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Quercus Trunks VL – L pulchripes] mongolica (under bark) 4.32 [Eurythyrea eoa] Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Populus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.33 [Poecilonota Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Populus Trunks VL – L dicercoides] (under bark) 4.34 [Scintillatrix (= Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Trunks VL – L Lampra) (under amurensis] bark) 4.35 [Scintillatrix (= Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Ulmus, Trunks VL – L Lampra) suvorovi] Quercus (under bark) 4.36 [Scintillatrix (= Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Quercus Trunks VL – L Lampra) virgata] (under bark) 4.37 Acmaeodera Buprestidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked China Populus, Trunks VL – M chotanica Morus, (under Pistacea bark) 4.38 Anthaxia Buprestidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under conradti bark) 4.39 Anthaxia aurulenta Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Northern Iran Ulmus, Pyrus Trunks VL – L (= Cratomerus (= Central Asia (under Trichocratomerus) bark) intermedius) 4.40 Capnodis cariosa Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Syria, Iran Pistacea, Roots L – M Prunus, Salix, (under Populus bark) 4.41 Capnodis miliaris Buprestidae Transcaucasus, Central Asia Not yet checked DE, Syria, Turkey, Populus, Salix Trunks L – M Iran, Irak, (under Afghanistan bark) 61 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.42 Chrysobothris Buprestidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L (= Abothris) nana (under bark) 4.43 Chrysobothris Buprestidae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Iran Ulmus, Salix, Trunks L – M affinis tetragramma Juglans (under bark) 4.44 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks L – M Anthaxia) fariniger (under bark) 4.45 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Turkey, Syria Ulmus, Malus Trunks VL – L Trichocratomerus) Uzbekistan (under aurulentus bark) seniculus 4.46 [Acanthocinus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus, other Trunks VL – L elegans] trees (wood) 4.47 [Acanthocinus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Acer mono Trunks VL – L stillatus] (wood) 4.48 [Acmaeops Cerambycidae Kazakhstan (mountains) Not yet checked China Picea Trunks VL – L brachyptera] schrenkiana (under bark) 4.49 [Anaesthetis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus, other Trunks VL – L flavipilis] trees (wood) 4.50 [Anaglyptus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus Trunks VL – L arabicus] (wood) 4.51 [Anaglyptus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus, Trunks VL – L simplicicornis] Castanea (wood) 4.52 [Asemum Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – M amurense] Koreas (wood) 4.53 [Callidium Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Picea Trunks VL – L chlorizans] S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Koreas, Mongolia (wood) Far East 4.54 [Cerambyx Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus, Trunks VL – L multiplicatus] Fagus, Ulmus (wood) 4.55 [Chlorophorus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Afghanistan, China, Populus, Dry wood, L – H Main damage faldermanni] Central Asia Iran Elaeagnus, Trunks – to dry deciduous (wood) wood wood 4.56 [Distenia gracilis] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L Koreas and other trees (wood) 4.57 [Isotomus comptus] Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked India, Iran, Turkey Carpinus, Dry wood, L – M Main damage Ukraine Quercus, Trunks – to dry Fagus, (wood) wood Castanea, deciduous wood 4.58 [Megasemum Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus sibirica Trunks VL – M quadricostulatum] Koreas (wood) 4.59 [Mesosa hirsute] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Tilia Trunks VL – L (wood) 62 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.60 [Mesosa Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus, other Trunks VL – L obscuricornis] trees (wood) 4.61 [Molorchus Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan; Kazakhstan Not yet checked China Picea Trunks VL – L pallidipennis] schrenkiana (wood) 4.62 [Pachyta Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Pinus Trunks VL – L bicuneata] sibiricus, Larix (wood) dahurica, Picea koraiensis 4.63 [Paraclytus raddei] Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks VL – L (wood) 4.64 [Paraclytus Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks VL – L reitteri] (wood) 4.65 [Paraclytus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus Trunks VL – L sexguttatus] (wood) 4.66 [Patimna liturata] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Acer Trunks VL – L (wood) 4.67 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks VL – L bartolomei] (wood) 4.68 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Quercus Trunks VL – L christophi] (wood) 4.69 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks L – M lugubris] (wood) 4.70 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Trunks VL – L pulcher] Koreas Betula (wood) 4.71 [Pogonocherus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L caucasicus] (wood) 4.72 [Pogonocherus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L kuksha] (wood) 4.73 [Prionus Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus and Trunks VL – L angustatus] other trees (wood) 4.74 [Rhagium Cerambycidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus, Trunks VL – L fasciculatum] Fagus, Tilia, (under Platanus, bark) Castanea and other trees 4.75 [Rhagium Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – L inquisitor and other trees (under rugipenne] bark) 4.76 [Rhagium Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus, Trunks VL – L pygmaeum] Fagus, Tilia, (under Castanea and bark) other trees 4.77 [Sachalinobia Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Abies Trunks VL – L koltzei] Koreas holophylla, (wood) Abies nephrolepis 63 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.78 [Saperda alberti (= Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L S. decempunctata)] S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. tremula, (wood) Far East Ulmus 4.79 [Saperda Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Koreas Picea Trunks VL – L interrupta] S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. ajanensis, (wood) Far East Pinus sibirica 4.80 [Stenocorus Cerambycidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Turkey Quercus, Trunks VL – L insitivus] Transcaucasus Castanea and (under other trees bark) 4.81 [Stenygrinum Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Assam, Birma, Castanea, Trunks VL – L quadrinotatum] China, Japan, Quercus, Salix (wood) Koreas, Manipur 4.82 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Salix, Trunks VL – L pilosum] Populus, (wood) Ulmus 4.83 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Trunks VL – L scabrum] Ulmus, Salix, (wood) Malus, Prunus 4.84 [Xylotrechus Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Trunks VL – L cuneipennis] Koreas Betula, Ulmus (wood) 4.85 [Xylotrechus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Acer Trunks VL – L rufilius] Koreas (wood) 4.86 Acalolepta cervina Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Birma, China, Alnus, other Trunks VL – L (= Dihammus India, Japan, trees (wood) cervinus) Koreas, Nepal 4.87 Chlorophorus Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Betula Trunks VL – L motschulskyi Koreas, Mongolia (wood) 4.88 Compsidia Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia Populus Trunks VL – L (= Saperda) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. balsamifera (wood) balsamifera Far East 4.89 Dokhturovia (= Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan; Kazakhstan Absent China Picea Trunks VL – M Dokhtouroffia) schrenkiana (wood) nebulosa 4.90 Eutetrapha Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Tilia Trunks VL – L metallescens (wood) 4.91 Hesperophanus (= Cerambycidae S. Far East; Central Asia Not yet checked China, Koreas, Fruit and other Trunks VL – L Trichoferus) (mountains) Mongolia deciduous (wood) campestris trees 4.92 Leptura sequenci Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – L (= L. sequensi) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Koreas, Mongolia (wood) Far East 4.93 Mallambyx raddei Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Trunks L – M Koreas Castanea, (wood) Fraxinus 4.94 Mesosa japonica Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Castanea, Trunks VL – L Acer, Malus, (wood) Prunus 4.95 Moechotipa Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus, other Trunks VL – L diphysis trees (wood) 64 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.96 Monochamus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus, Trunks VL – L guttatus other trees (wood) 4.97 Morimus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Caucasus, Iran, Quercus, Trunks VL – L verecundus Turkmenistan Turkey Fagus, (wood) Castanea, Juglans, other trees 4.98 Parandra caspia Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Populus, Salix, Trunks VL – M Alnus, (wood) Quercus and other deciduous 4.99 Prionus insularis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus, Abies, Trunks VL – L Koreas Cryptomeria, (wood) Picea, Cha- maecyparis, and other trees 4.100 Rhesus serricollis Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked East Maditerranean, Quercus, Trunks VL – M Iran, Syria, Turkey Fagus, (wood) Platanus, Juglans, Salix, Tilia, Ulmus and other deciduous 4.101 Rhopaloscelis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, other Trunks VL – L bifasciatus Koreas trees (wood) 4.102 Rhopaloscelis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, other Trunks VL – L unifasciatus Koreas trees (wood) 4.103 4.104 [Altica (= Haltica) Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus Leaves VL – L bisulcata] tremula 4.105 [Bedelia angustata] Chrysomelidae Armenia, Turkmenistan Not yet checked Iran Populus Leaves VL – L 4.106 [Bedelia Chrysomelidae Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L kokandica] Uzbekistan 4.107 [Bedelia Chrysomelidae Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L viridicoerulea] Uzbekistan 4.108 [Colasposoma Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Leaves VL – L dahuricum] Far East 4.109 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Corylus Leaves VL – L koltzei] 4.110 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L kulibini] 4.112 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Japan Corylus Leaves VL – L mannerheimi] Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.113 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L pallescens] 4.114 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L peliopterus] Transbaikalia, S. Far East Ulmus,Corylus 65 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.115 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L polymorphus] 4.116 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus Leaves VL – L regalis] Transbaikalia, S. Far East Koreas tremula 4.117 [Cyaniris golda] Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, Transbaikalia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L S. Far East 4.118 [Cyaniris Chrysomelidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L hypocrita] 4.119 [Euliroetis ornate] Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus Leaves VL – L Koreas tremula 4.120 [Galerucida Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L jacobsoni] 4.121 [Gastrolina Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China Juglans, Alnus, Leaves VL – L peltoidea] Far East Fraxinus 4.122 [Gonioctena (= Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Salix Leaves VL – L Phytodecta) Far East gracilicornis] 4.123 [Labidostomis Chrysomelidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Syria Salix Leaves VL – L asiatica] 4.124 [Labidostomis Chrysomelidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L sibirica (= L. S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. amurensis)] Far East 4.125 [Luperus Chrysomelidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L gussakovskii Fraxinus 4.126 [Rhadinosa Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L nigrocyanea] Far East tremula 4.127 Agelastica coerulea Chrysomelidae S. Far East North America China, Japan, Alnus, Malus Leaves VL – M Koreas 4.128 Galerucella Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – M maculicollis 4.129 Labidostomis Chrysomelidae S.E.Russia; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L beckeri Ukraine 4.130 Labidostomis Chrysomelidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia Betula Leaves VL – L bipunctata S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.131 Labidostomis Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Deciduous Leaves VL – L chinensis trees 4.132 [Acicnemis (= Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus Trunks VL – L Oplocnemis) koraiensis (under palliatus] bark) - ? 4.133 [Chlorophanus Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus Leaves L – M micans] 4.134 [Chlorophanus Curculionidae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L rufomarginatus] 4.135 [Chlorophanus Curculionidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Koreas Salix, Fraxinus Leaves L – M sibiricus] Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.136 [Corygetes Curculionidae Transbaikalia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L marmoratus] 66 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.137 [Curculio Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Acorns & VL – L dickmanni] Corylus nuts 4.138 [Curculio Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Corylus Nuts VL – L distinguendus] 4.139 [Cyphycerus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans, Leaves & VL – L tessellates] Prunus, buds Quercus 4.140 [Hylobius haroldi] Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea, Pinus, Roots, bark L – H Main damage Larix – to young trees 4.141 [Larinus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Leaves VL – L subvariolosus] 4.142 [Magdalis koltzei] Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) - ? 4.143 [Megamecus Curculionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L albilaterus] Malus, Pyrus, Tamarix 4.144 [Myllocerops Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L filicornis] 4.145 [Phyllobius Curculionidae S. Siberia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L dorsalis] 4.146 [Phyllobius Curculionidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L fulvago] 4.147 [Phyllobius Curculionidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus Leaves VL – L pallidipennis] 4.148 [Phyllobius pictus] Curculionidae Ukraine (Crimea); Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L Transcaucasus 4.149 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Juglans Leaves VL – L Polydrusus) obesulus] 4.150 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Pyrus, Leaves VL – M Polydrusus) Malus, obliquatus] Robinia, Pistacea 4.151 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Turkey Quercus Leaves VL – L Polydrusus) (Crimea); Transcaucasus ponticus] 4.152 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Turkey Alnus, Leaves VL – L Polydrusus) Turkmenistan Parrotia rufulus] 4.153 [Pseudocneorrhinu Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Corylus, Buds L – M s obesus Juglans, Quercus 4.154 [Rhynchaenus Curculionidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus pumila Leaves VL – L mutabilis] 4.155 [Trachodes hystrix] Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus, Juglans Trunks VL – L (wood) 67 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.156 Cleonus (= Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L Stephanophorus) Transcaucasus strabus 4.157 Cossonus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L rotundicollis (under bark) 4.158 Pissodes obscurus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Abies (under bark) - ? 4.159 [Byctiscus Curculionidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan Acer, Tilia, Leaves VL – M congener] (= B. (= Attelabidae) Far East Betula, Ulmus, congenor - ?) [(= Populus, B. puberulus)] Fraxinus, etc . 4.160 [Byctiscus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus, Tilia, Leaves VL – L princeps] (= Attelabidae) Malus, Betula, Populus, etc . 4.161 [Byctiscus rugosus] Curculionidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Koreas Populus, Leaves VL – L (= Attelabidae) Far East Malus, Pyrus, etc . 4.162 [Deporaus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Leaves VL – L unicolor] (= Attelabidae) Corylus, Syringa, etc . 4.163 [Paracycnotrachelu Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Leaves L – M s longiceps (= Attelabidae) Koreas Corylus (= Apoderus longiceps)] 4.164 [Lyctus suturalis] Lyctidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks L – M (wood) 4.165 [Lytta caraganae] Meloidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus, Leaves VL – M Lonicera, Syringa 4.166 [Lytta menetriesi] Meloidae South-eastern Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus, Leaves L – H Central Asia Ulmus 4.167 Crossotarsus Platypodidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus, Acer Trunks VL – L koryoensis (= C. (wood) koreyoensis) 4.168 [Amphimallon Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – M Main damage volgensis] plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.169 [Anisoplia Scarabaeidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, other Roots VL – L Main damage alazanica] plants – t o seedlings in nurseries 4.170 [Chioneosoma Scarabaeidae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – M porosum] plants 4.171 [Hoplia Scarabaeidae Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – L golovjankoi] plants leaves 4.172 [Hoplia pollinosa] Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey Different Roots and VL – L plants leaves 68 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.173 [Melolontha Scarabaeidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M gussakovskii] deciduous leaves 4.174 [Melolontha Scarabaeidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Different Roots and VL – M kraatzi] deciduous leaves 4.175 [Melolontha Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M permira] deciduous leaves 4.176 [Monotropus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – L Main damage fausti] plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.177 [Oxythyrea Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus and Flowers VL – M albopicta] Kazakhstan; Central Asia other trees 4.178 [Proagopertha Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Malus, Ulmus, Flowers & L – M lucidula (= P. Crataegus, leaves acutisterna)] Rosa 4.179 Adoretus discolor Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, other Roots VL – L Main damage plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.180 Anisoplia farraria Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, other Roots VL – L Main damage plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.181 Anomala (= A. Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey Salix, Vitis, Leaves of VL – L aenea) abchasica Castanea Salix and Vitis, roots of Vitis and Castanea 4.182 Brahmina Scarabaeidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Mongolia, China Different Leaves VL – L intermedia deciduous 4.183 Ectinohoplia Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Malus, Prunus, Roots and L – H rufipes Betula, leaves Corylus 4.184 Epicometis (= Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey, Iran Malus and Flowers VL – M Tropinota) other trees suturalis 4.185 Epicometis senicula Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey, Iran Malus and Flowers VL – M other trees 4.186 Epicometis Scarabaeidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus and Flowers L – H turanica other trees 4.187 Holotrichia (= Scarabaeidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Different Roots and VL – L Lachnosterna) Koreas deciduous leaves diomphalia 4.188 Hoplia aureola Scarabaeidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia, Koreas Betula and Roots and VL – M Transbaikalia, S. Far East other plants leaves 4.189 Lachnosterna (= Scarabaeidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia Different Leaves VL – L Brahmina) sedakovi Transbaikalia, S. Far East deciduous 4.190 Lachnosterna (= Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – L Holotrichia) deciduous leaves sichotana 69 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.191 Maladera (= Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Different Roots and L – H Aserica) orientalis Koreas plants leaves (= Serica salebrosa) 4.192 Maladera japonica Scarabaeidae Georgia; S. Far East USA China, Japan, Different Roots and L – H (= Aserica Koreas plants leaves castanea = Autoserica castanea) 4.193 Melolontha aceris Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M plants leaves 4.194 Melolontha afflicta Scarabaeidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M deciduous leaves 4.195 Monotropus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – L Main damage nordmanni plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.196 Polyphylla Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Different Roots L – H adspersa Kazakhstan; Central Asia plants 4.197 Polyphylla irrorata Scarabaeidae Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked China Different Roots L – H plants 4.198 Polyphylla Scarabaeidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots L – H tridentata plants 4.199 [Carphoborus Scolytidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus eldarica Trunks VL – L abachidsei] (under bark) 4.200 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae N. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) tremula (under berezinae] bark) 4.201 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus, Salix Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) (under dejevi] bark) 4.202 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) (under klimeschi] bark) 4.203 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) Chosenia (under niger] bark) 4.204 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked BG Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) tremula (under tremulae] bark) 4.205 [Cryphalus coryli] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.206 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus Trunks VL – L carpini] (under bark) 4.207 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus, Trunks VL – L pusillus] Quercus (under bark) 70 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.208 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus, Acer Trunks VL – L ussuriensis] (under bark) 4.209 [Ernoporus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked N. Korea Tilia Trunks VL – L eggersi] (under bark) 4.210 [Ernoporus longus] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Alnus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.211 [Hylastes Scolytidae C.E. Russia, S. E. Russia, N. Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – M aterrimus] W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, S. (under Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Far bark) East; Transcaucasus 4.212 [Hylastes Scolytidae Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L substriatus] (under bark) 4.213 [Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L costatus] (under bark) 4.214 [Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L laticollis] (under bark) 4.215 [Hylesinus nobilis] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.216 [Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L shabliovskii] (under bark) 4.217 [Hylesinus striatus] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – M (under bark) 4.218 [Hylurgus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L longulus] (under bark) 4.219 [Orthotomicus Scolytidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L bachmaroensis] (under bark) 4.220 [Phloeosinus Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Cupressus, Trunks VL – L krimaeus] Thuja, (under Juniperus bark) 4.221 [Phloeosinus Scolytidae Transcaucasus; Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L transcaspicus] (under bark) 4.222 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Picea Trunks VL – L jucundus] (under bark) 4.223 [Scolytus belocani] Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Trunks VL – L (under bark) 71 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.224 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L brevipennis] (under bark) 4.225 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L butovitschi] (under bark) 4.226 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks VL – L chikisanii] (under bark) 4.227 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus Trunks VL – L curviventralis] (under bark) 4.228 [Scolytus Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L dahuricus] (under bark) 4.229 [Scolytus ecksteini] Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.230 [Scolytus eichhoffi] Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.231 [Scolytus esuriens] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.232 [Scolytus grandis] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.233 [Scolytus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L granulifer] (under bark) 4.234 [Scolytus koltzei] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.235 [Scolytus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L lencoranus] (under bark) 4.236 [Scolytus lineatus] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.237 [Scolytus possyeti] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.238 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L pubescens] (under bark) 4.239 [Scolytus starki] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 72 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.240 [Scolytus Scolytidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Trunks VL – L tadzhikistanicus] (under bark) 4.241 [Scolytus tauricus] Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.242 [Scolytus taxicola] Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Taxus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.243 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks L – M trispinosus] (under bark) 4.244 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L ussuriensis] (under bark) 4.245 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L ventrosus] (under bark) 4.246 [Taphrorychus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus, Trunks VL – L lenkoranus] Quercus (under bark) 4.247 [Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Acer Trunks VL – L aceris] (wood) 4.248 [Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Alnus Trunks VL – L suturale] (wood) 4.249 [Xyleborus maiche] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans, Alnus, Trunks VL – L Acer, Betula, (under other trees bark) 4.250 [Xyleborus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L punctulatus] mongolica (under bark) 4.251 [Xyleborus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L quercus] mongolica (under bark) 4.252 Cryphalus (= Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) tremula (under populi bark) 4.253 Cryphalus carpini Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.254 Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Corylus Trunks VL – L mandschuricus (= (under C. mandshuricus) bark) 4.255 Ernoporicus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L spessivtzevi (under bark) 4.256 Ernoporus fraxini Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – M (under bark) 73 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.257 Hylastinus tiliae Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.258 Hylesinus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L botscharnikovi (under bark) 4.259 Hylesinus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L cholodkovskii (= H. (under cholodkovskyi) bark) 4.260 Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L cingulatus (under bark) 4.261 Hylesinus eos Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.262 Hylesinus lubarskii Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (= H. lubarski) (under bark) 4.263 Hylesinus pravdini Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.264 Hylesinus tupolevi Scolytidae Transcaucasus; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.265 Hypothenemus Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked IT, ES, FR Morus, Citrus, Trunks VL – M Vector of eruditus (= H. (Corsica) Tilia, Pinus, (under Deuterophom lezhavai, = H. Carpinus, bark) a lezjavai, = H. citri, Alnus, many tracheiphila = H. juglandis, = other trees H. pusillus) 4.266 Phloeophthorus Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea); Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus Trunks VL – L brevicollis Transcaucasus (under bark) 4.267 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L kirgisicus (under bark) 4.268 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L parfentjevi (under bark) 4.269 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L schrenkianus (= P. (under schrenkianae) bark) 4.270 Polygraphus Scolytidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Trunks VL – L seriatus Far East trees (under bark) 4.271 Scolytoplatypus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Trunks VL – L daimio Cornus, Abies (under bark) 74 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.272 Scolytoplatypus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Alnus, Acer, Trunks VL – L tycon Koreas Juglans, Pinus, (under Picea, Abies, bark) other trees 4.273 Scolytus aratus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Ulmus, Prunus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.274 Scolytus claviger Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Carpinus Trunks L – M (under bark) 4.275 Scolytus fasciatus Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Irak, Turkey Prunus, Ulmus Trunks VL – L Central Asia (under bark) 4.276 Scolytus jacobsoni Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks L – M (under bark) 4.277 Scolytus japonicus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (= S. confusus) (under bark) 4.278 Scolytus Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L jaroschevskyi (= S. (under jaroshevskii) bark) 4.279 Scolytus mandli Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.280 Scolytus schevyrevi Scolytidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark)

75 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA, DIPTERA & HEMIPTERA

4.281 Scolytus semenovi Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks L – M (under bark) 4.282 Scolytus sibiricus Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.283 Trypophloeus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus Trunks VL – L asperatus (= (under Cryphalus alni) bark) 4.284 Xyleborus alni Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Alnus, Betula, Trunks VL – L Tilia (under bark) 4.285 Xylechinus bergeri Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Eleutherococ- Trunks VL – L cus, (under Akanthopanax, bark) Phellodendron 4.286 [Zophosis deflexa] Tenebrionidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Young plants Leaves L – M 4.287 Tentyria nomas Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Seedlings Roots, root L – M crowns, leaves Diptera 4.288 Agromyza Agromyzidae (= S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Egypt, Syria, Israel Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L salicifolii Cecidomyidae) 4.289 Dasyneura] Cecidomyidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves VL – L (= Dasineura) Belarus; Ukraine; Central inchbaldiana Asia 4.290 Rhagoletis turanica Tephritidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Fruits VL – M (= Trypetidae) Hemiptera 4.291 [Acanthosoma Acanthosomatid Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Malus, Leaves VL – L forcipatum] ae (= Pyrus, Betula,, Pentatomidae) other trees 4.292 Elasmostethus Acanthosomatid C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan Betula, Alnus, Leaves VL – L interstinctus ae (= Far East; Ukraine (Crimea); Tilia, Picea, Pentatomidae) Transcaucasus other trees 4.293 [Arocatus Lygaeidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, other Trunks VL – L fasciatu s] deciduous (under trees bark) 4.294 [Cyllocoris Miridae Transbaikalia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L equestris] 4.295 [Deraeocoris (= Miridae Central Asia Not yet checked China Ulmus, Malus, Leaves VL – L Camptobrochis) Pyrus pilipes] 4.296 [Dichrooscytus Miridae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Needles VL – L consobrinus] trees 4.297 [Dichrooscytus Miridae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Needles VL – L pseudosabinae]

76 Table 4. INSECTS HEMIPTERA

4.298 [Phylus Miridae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL – L limbatellus] trees 4.299 [Psallus cognatus] Miridae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L (Crimea) 4.300 Ephippiocoris Miridae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves VL – L lunatus 4.301 [Acrocorisellus Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Deciduous Leaves & VL – L serraticollis] trees trunks 4.302 [Alloeoglypta Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves VL – L pretiosa] 4.303 [Dalpada Pentatomidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Afghanistan Platanus, Leaves VL – L pavlovskii] Populus, other trees 4.304 [Holcostethus Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL – L manifestus] trees 4.305 [Lelia Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Deciduous Leaves & VL – L decempunctata] trees trunks 4.306 [Mesopriassus Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer, Sorbus Seeds VL – L vetustus] 4.307 [Palomena Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Leaves VL – L amurensis] Corylus, Acer, other trees 4.308 [Pentatoma Pentatomidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Mongolia Juglans, other Leaves & VL – L metallifer] trees trunks 4.309 [Pentatoma Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas Deciduous Leaves & VL – L semiannulatum] trees trunks 4.310 [Rhaphigaster Pentatomidae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L brevispinus] Ulmus, Platanus, other trees 4.311 [Urochela Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves & VL – L quadrinotata] (= Urostylidae) Koreas branches 4.312 Apodiphus Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked India Populus, other Leaves VL – L integriceps trees 4.313 Cellobius Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L abdominalis 4.314 [Coptosoma Plataspidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves & VL – L biguttulum] (= Urostylidae) Koreas branches 4.315 Monosteira Tingidae] Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L discoidalis (= Tingitidae)

77 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

Homoptera 4.316 Adelges (= Adelgidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not known Japan Picea Needles & VL – L Chermes) japonicus shoots 4.317 Adelges (= Adelgidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not known Japan Picea Needles & VL – L Chermes) shoots karafutonis 4.318 [Aphis sogdiana] Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L 4.319 [Callipterinella Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves & VL – L betularia] Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan shoots 4.320 [Eriosoma Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L antennatum] 4.321 [Eriosoma Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L ussuriense] 4.322 [Euceraphis pilosa] Aphididae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves VL – L 4.323 [Pachypappella Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China Populus Leaves VL – L orientalis] 4.324 [Pemphigus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Shoots VL – L saccosus] 4.325 [Pemphigus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L semenovi] 4.326 [Prociphilus (= Aphididae Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves & VL – M Paraprociphilus) shoots ucrainensis] 4.327 [Prociphilus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies Roots VL – L bumeliaeformis] 4.328 [Stegophylla Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L mordvilkoi] (Crimea); Transcaucasus 4.329 [Thecabius Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L latisensoria] 4.330 [Tuberculatus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L flavus] 4.331 [Tuberculatus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L macrotuberculatus] 4.332 [Tuberculatus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L multituberculatus] 4.333 Cinara confines Aphididae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies Needles & VL – L (= C. abieticola) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, N. shoots Far East, S. Far East 4.334 Cinara Aphididae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Needles & VL – M pseudosabinae shoots 4.335 Eriosoma Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L japonicum (= Schizoneura japonica)

78 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

4.336 Eriosoma phoenax Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L (= E. phaenax) shoots 4.337 Gootiella alba Aphididae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L 4.338 Greenidea kuwanai Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves & VL – L Koreas shoots 4.339 Kaltenbachiella Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L (= Gobaishia) japonica 4.340 Lachnus (= Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, India, Japan, Quercus, Leaves & VL – L Pterochlorus) Koreas Castanea shoots tropicalis 4.341 Paraprociphilus Aphididae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus Leaves VL – L baicalensis S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, N. Far East, S. Far East 4.342 Pemphigus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L niishimae (= P. niisimae) 4.343 Periphyllus Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia North America Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves & VL – L (= Neothomasia) shoots populicola 4.344 Prociphilus oriens Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Fraxinus, Leaves, VL – M Syringa, Roots Abies (roots) 4.345 Tetraneura Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves VL – L nigriabdominalis Koreas (= Byrsocrypta hirsute) 4.346 Tinocallis saltans Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked West Asia, not Ulmus Leaves VL – L Transcaucasus; Central Asia known in Europe 4.347 [Asterodiaspis (= Asterolecaniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Taiwan Quercus Trunks & L – M Main damage Asterolecanium) branches – to young japonicus] trees 4.348 [Chaitophorus Chaitophoridae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L jaxarti] (= Aphididae) 4.349 [Batrachomorphus Cicadellidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L (=Batracomorphus) branches ulmi] 4.350 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L menzbieri] Eupterygidae) branches 4.351 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves & VL – L ruthenica] Eupterygidae) branches 4.352 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia, Corylus, Leaves & VL – L solearis rossica] Eupterygidae) Quercus, other branches trees, Prunus 4.353 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Platanus Leaves & VL – L tshinari] Eupterygidae) branches 4.354 [Eurhadina Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L oshanini] Eupterygidae) branches 79 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA 4.355 [Kybos bipunctata Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L ulmicola] Eupterygidae) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; branches Central Asia 4.356 [Kybos Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L mesasiatica] Eupterygidae) branches 4.357 [Kybos niveicolor] Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves & VL – L Eupterygidae) branches 4.358 [Typhlocyba ognevi Cicadellidae (= S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L (= Ribautiana Eupterygidae) branches ognevi)] 4.359 [Typhlocyba Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L roseipennis] Eupterygidae) branches 4.360 Hyalesthes Cixiidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Populus, Salix, Leaves & VL – L Vector of mlokosiewiczi Syringa, other branches potato plants stolbur phytoplasma 4.361 [Pulvinaria Coccidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus, Salix Branches VL – L costata] 4.362 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Branches VL – L kirgisica] 4.363 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Branches VL – L populeti] 4.364 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Central Asia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves & L – M salicicola] branches 4.365 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Armenia; Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Crataegus, Roots L – M terrestris] Carpinus 4.366 Physokermes Coccidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Branches VL – L jezoensis 4.367 [Kuwania Coccidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Trunks, VL – L corpulenta] Margarodidae) Castanea, leaves & other trees branches 4.368 [Kuwania minuta] Coccidae (= Ukraine (Crimea); Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L Margarodidae) Transcaucasus (bark) 4.369 Kuwania betulae Coccidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L Margarodidae) (bark) 4.370 [Chionaspis Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked China Alnus Trunks & VL – L micropori] branches 4.371 [Chionaspis Diaspididae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & VL – L Montana] branches 4.372 [Chionaspis Diaspididae Armenia, Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus, Trunks & VL – M polypora] Sorbus, other branches trees 4.373 [Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Crataegus, Trunks & VL – L alma-atensis] Malus, Betula branches 4.374 [Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Iran Populus Trunks & VL – L armenicus] branches 4.375 [Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Armenia; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Branches VL – L turanicus] 80 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA 4.376 [Epidiaspis salicis] Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Iran Salix Trunks & VL – L branches 4.377 [Lepidosaphes Diaspididae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks & VL – L atunicola] branches 4.378 [Lineaspis Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Needles VL – L junipericola] 4.379 [Salicicola (= Diaspididae Central Asia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Populus, Salix Trunks, L – M Leucaspis) leaves & kermanensis] branches 4.380 Aspidiotus Diaspididae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Japan Taxus, Pinus,, Needles VL – M cryptomeriae Cryptomeria, Chamaecypari s, Abies, other trees 4.381 Chionaspis lepineyi Diaspididae Armenia, Georgia Not yet checked MA, CH, HU, CZ, Quercus Trunks & VL – L Algeria branches 4.382 Chionaspis salicis- Diaspididae S. Far East (Sakhalin) North America Not yet checked Salix, Populus, Trunks & VL – L nigrae Alnus, other branches trees 4.383 Diaspidiotus Diaspididae S.E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Trunks & VL – M (= Aspidiotus) (Crimea); Transcaucasus Juglans branches caucasicus 4.384 Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Branches VL – L (= Aspidiotus) transcaspiensis 4.385 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae Georgia Not yet checked Japan, India, Juniperus, Needles VL – M pallida (= L. Hawaii Criptomeria, maskelli Taxus, other trees 4.386 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Taiwan Populus, Trunks & VL – M tubulorum Syringa, other branches trees, Malus 4.387 Noechionaspis Diaspididae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer, Ribes, Trunks & VL – L kirgisica other trees branches 4.388 Quadraspidiotus Diaspididae S.E. Russia; Armenia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix, Trunks & L – H (= Diaspidiotus) Central Asia other trees branches slavonicus 4.389 [Acanthococcus (= Eriococcidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & VL – L Eriococcus) salicis] Pseudococcidae ) branches 4.390 Cryptococcus Eriococcidae (= Transcaucasus Not yet checked DE Acer, Tilia Trunks & VL – L aceris Pseudococcidae ) branches 4.391 Gossyparia Eriococcidae (= Central Asia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & L – M salicicola Pseudococcidae ) branches 4.392 [Mycterodus Issidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves & VL – L intricatus] (Crimea); Transcaucasus branches 81 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA 4.393 [Kermes (= Kermesidae (= S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks & L – M Kermococcus = Kermococcidae) branches Chermes) corticalis] (probably = Eopineus strobus) 4.394 [Kermes (= Kermesidae (= Azerbaijan Not yet checked Syria, Liban, Israel Quercus Branches VL – L Kermococcus) Kermococcidae) nahalali] 4.395 [Kermes (= Kermesidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, N. Korea Quercus Trunks & VL – L Kermococcus) Kermococcidae) branches nakagawae] 4.396 [Drosicha media] Margarodidae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & VL – L branches (bark) 4.397 [Steingelia Margarodidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Betula Trunks VL – L orientalis] (bark) 4.398 [Xylococcus Margarodidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks & VL – L betulicola] branches (bark) 4.399 Drosicha Margarodidae Central Asia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus, Trunks, VL – L turkestanica Cydonia, other leaves & trees branches 4.400 Xylococcus Margarodidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Alnus Trunks & VL – L japonicus (= X. branches alni) (bark) 4.401 [Phenacoccus Pseudococcidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks, VL – L (= Paroudablis) leaves & querculus] branches 4.402 [Pseudococcus Pseudococcidae Tajikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks & VL – L ju nipericola] branches 4.403 [Spinococcus (= Pseudococcidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus, Trunks & VL – L Phenacoccus) (Crimea); Transcaucasus Platanus, other branches morrisoni] trees 4.404 [Spinococcus Pseudococcidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Ribes Trunks & VL – L tuberculus] branches 4.405 Phenacoccus Pseudococcidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus, Betula, Trunks & VL – L polyphagus Fraxinus branches 4.406 Polystomophora (= Pseudococcidae Ukraine Not yet checked HU Acer, Aesculus Trunks & VL – L Phenacoccus) branches ostiaplurima 4.407 [Psylla moscovita] Psyllidae C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L branches 4.408 [Psylla subnigrita] Psyllidae C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L branches

82 Table 4. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA

Hymenoptera 4.409 [Cimbex japonica] Cimbicidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Salix, Populus Leaves VL – L 4.410 Gilpinia (= Diprionidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked FI, SE Pinus Needles VL – L Diprion) verticalis E. Russia; Belarus; Ukraine; Baltic countries 4.411 [Camponotus Formicidae S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks, cut VL – M caryae ruzskyi] Transcaucasus wood 4.412 [Camponotus Formicidae S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks, cut VL – L pennsylvanicus wood saxatilis] 4.413 [Leptothorax korbi] Formicidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks VL – L (wood) 4.414 [Leptothorax Formicidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks VL – L melnikovi] (West) (wood) 4.415 [Megachile Megachilidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Robinia Leaves VL – L albidula] 4.416 [Megachile Megachilidae Uzbekistan, Tajikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Robinia Leaves VL – L kongracensis] 4.417 [Sirex (= Paururus) Siricidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies Trunks VL – L dux] (wood) 4.418 Sirex (= Paururus) Siricidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Larix, Picea, Trunks VL – M ermak Semenov Pinus (wood) 4.419 [Sirex (= Paururus) Siricidae Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L tianshanicus] schrenkiana (wood) 4.420 [Sirex antennatus] Siricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea, Abies Trunks VL – M (wood) 4.421 [Sirex sah] Siricidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran Populus Trunks VL – L Ukraine; Central Asia (wood) (mountains) 4.422 [Xoanon mysta] Siricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L koraiensis (wood) 4.423 Sirex (= Siricidae N. E. Russia; Transcaucasus, Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – M Xanthosirex) N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia (wood) tardigradus (= S. (East), Transbaikalia, S. Far cedrorum = X. East; Transcaucasus phantasma) 4.424 [Cladius populi] Tenthredinidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L 4.425 [Heterarthrus Tenthredinidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves VL – L (= Phyllotoma) flavicollis] 4.426 Eriocampa Tenthredinidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Alnus Leaves VL – L mitsukurii 4.427 [Xiphydria Xiphydriidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – M eborata] (wood)

83 Table 4. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

4.428 [Xiphydria picta] Xiphydriidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe, Japan Alnus Trunks VL – L Belarus; Ukraine; (wood) Transcaucasus 4.429 [Xiphydria popovi] Xiphydriidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia Not yet checked Japan Betula Trunks VL – L (East), Transbaikalia, S. Far (wood) East Lepidoptera 4.430 [Captoloma Arctiidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L iteriorata] 4.431 [Rhyparioides Arctiidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus, Malus, Leaves VL – M amurensis] other trees 4.432 [Argyresthia (= Hyponomeutida S. Far East, N. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies , Picea Needles VL – M Argyrestia) e fundella f. albicornis] 4.433 Argyresthia (= Hyponomeutida C. E. Russia, N. E. Russia; Not yet checked North, middle and Abies , Picea Needles VL – M Argyrestia) e Belarus south Europe fundella 4.434 [Brahmaea certhia] Brahmaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus, Leaves VL – L Syringa 4.435 [Brahmaea Brahmaeidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Fraxinus, Leaves VL – L christophi] Syringa 4.436 [Holcocerus Cossidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Populus Trunks VL – L vicarious] (wood) 4.437 [Drepana Drepanidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L scabiosa] Koreas mongolica 4.438 Epicopeia mencia Epicopeiidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L (= E. albofasciata) 4.439 Dichomeris (= Gelechiidae S. E. Russia, S. Far East, N. Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula , Leaves VL – L Ypsolopha = Far East; Ukraine; Corylus , Hypsolophus) Transcaucasus Carpinus ustulella 4.440 [Abraxas Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus, Salix Leaves VL – M orientalis] Koreas 4.441 [Bupalus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus pumila Needles VL – L cembraria] 4.442 [Bupalus vestalis] Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Needles VL – L koraiensis 4.443 [Cidaria comis] Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Abies Needles VL – L nephrolepis 4.444 [Cidaria Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Needles VL – L djaconovi] ajanensis 4.445 [Comibaena Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L tenuisaria] mongolica

84 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

4.446 [Eilicrinia Geometridae S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, other Leaves VL – L subcordaria] Central Asia deciduous 4.447 [Erannis (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus, Tilia, Leaves VL – M Hybernia) golda] fruit trees 4.448 [Garaeus mirandus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea Needles VL – L mirificus] ajanensis 4.449 [Hipparchus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L dieckmanni] 4.450 [Hipparchus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L glaucaria] mongolica 4.451 [Hypomecis (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Abies, Picea Needles VL – M Boarmia) Koreas angulifera] 4.452 [Naxa seriaria] Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Syringa, Leaves VL – M Koreas Fraxinus manshurica 4.453 Arlognophos (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea, Abies Needles VL – L Boarmia) amoenaria 4.454 Odontoptera (= Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus ( incl . Leaves VL – L Gonodontis) E. Russia, S. Siberia, P. tremula), bidentata Transbaikalia, S. Far East; Quercus, Belarus; Ukraine; Alnus, Betula, Kazakhstan; Central Asia Prunus 4.455 Zethenia Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea Needles VL – L rufescentaria (= Z. ajanensis consociaria) 4.456 [Gracillaria (= Gracillariidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – M Coloptilia) mandschurica ] 4.457 [Phyllonorycter (= Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus , Leaves VL – L Lithocolletis) mainly P. pruinosella] pruinosa 4.458 Cameraria (= Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus , Salix Leaves VL – M Lithocolletis) obliquifascia 4.459 Lithocolletis populi Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus , Leaves VL – M mainly P. alba 4.460 [Phyllocnistis Gracillariidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – M extrematrix] (= Phyllocnistidae) 4.461 [Phyllocnistis Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – M xenia] (= Phyllocnistidae) 4.462 Endoclita (= Hepialidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – M Main damage Phassus) mandshurica (wood) – to young excrescens trees 85 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.463 [Bhima eximia] Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ostrya, Leaves VL – L Quercus, Carpinus 4.464 [Bhima idiota] Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L Padus, other trees 4.465 Dendrolimus pini Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus funebris Needles VL – L [= D. segregatus] Koreas 4.466 [Dendrolimus Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Rosaceae, Leaves VL – L undans] Koreas Juglans, Quercus, Salix, other trees 4.467 [Epicnaptera Lasiocampidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Leaves VL – L arborea] Populus, other trees, Quercus 4.468 [Eriogaster Lasiocampidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana, Leaves VL – M neogena] Transcaucasus Cytisus, Robinia 4.469 Eriogaster henkei Lasiocampidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL – L 4.470 Paralebeda Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked India Phellodendron Leaves VL – L plagifera , Quercus, Corylus, Tilia, Rosaceae, other trees 4.471 Monema (=Miresa) Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Rosacea , Leaves VL – M flavescens Heterogeneidae) Koreas Ulmus , Corylus , other deciduous 4.472 Parasa consocia Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Many Leaves VL – M Heterogeneidae) deciduous 4.473 Parasa hilarata Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus , Leaves VL – M Heterogeneidae) Koreas Betula , other deciduous 4.474 Parasa sinica Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Many Leaves VL – M Heterogeneidae) Koreas deciduous 4.475 [Niphanola fusca] Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L mongolica 4.476 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) attilia] Koreas mongolica 4.477 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) mongolica brilliantine] 4.478 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) lutea] mongolica 4.479 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) Koreas oberthuri] 86 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.480 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) Koreas orientalis] 4.481 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) manshurica raphaelis] 4.482 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) Koreas mongolica saphirina] 4.483 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) signata] mongolica 4.484 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) mongolica smaragdina] 4.485 [Canna malachitis] Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Tilia Leaves VL – L 4.486 [Colocasia (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Betula, Alnus Leaves VL – L Calocasia) mus] 4.487 [Euproctis Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Carpinus, Leaves VL – L (=Artaxa) Koreas Ostryia niphonis] 4.488 [Gynaephora Lymantriidae N. Siberia, N. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Salix, Leaves VL – L lugens] other trees 4.489 [Leucoma Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L (=Arctonis) alba] mongolica 4.490 [Leucoma flavo- Lymantriidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves L – H sulfurea Ersch.] ! 4.491 [Olene olga] Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus, Leaves VL – L Corylus, Acer 4.492 Calliteara (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus, Leaves VL – L Dasychira) lunulata Castanea, other trees 4.493 Calliteara (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Cryptomeria, Leaves VL – L Dasychira) Koreas other trees pseudabietis 4.494 Euproctis (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Nygmia) piperita Koreas mongolica 4.495 Euproctis Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Leaves VL – L (=Artaxa) subflava Koreas Castanea, other trees 4.496 Leucoma candida Lymantriidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus ( incl . Leaves VL – M Transbaikalia, N. Far East, S. Koreas, Mongolia P. tremula) Far East 4.497 Numens (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Carpinus, Leaves VL – L Numenes) disparilis Koreas Ostryia 4.498 [Amphipyra Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Betula Leaves VL – L schrenki] Koreas davurica 4.499 [Aucha Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus, Tilia Leaves VL – L flavomaculata] 87 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.500 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Ephesia) dissimilis] mongolica 4.501 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Ephesia) praegnax] Koreas mongolica 4.502 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Quercus Leaves VL – L Ephesia) streckeri] mongolica 4.503 [Catocala Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L (=Marmonia) dula] mongolica 4.504 [Catocala lara] Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Tilia Leaves VL – L 4.505 [Chasminodes (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Tilia Leaves VL – L Leocyma) albonitens] 4.506 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Calymnia) Koreas mongolica camptostigma] 4.507 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Quercus, Tilia Leaves VL – L Calymnia) moderata] 4.508 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not known Ulmus Leaves VL – L Calymnia) ulmivora] 4.509 [Cosmia imbuta] Noctuidae S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L 4.510 [Pangrapta Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L vasava] 4.511 [Xanthia gilvago] Noctuidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Inflorescen VL – L Central Asia; Transcaucasus Ulmus ces 4.512 Cosmia (= Noctuidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not known Rosaceae, Leaves VL – M Calymnia) subtilis Populus 4.513 Thyas (= Lagoptera Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Betula, Prunus Leaves VL – L = Dermaleipa) juno Koreas, Malaya & other trees 4.514 [Acronicta Noctuidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L catocaloida] Lymantriidae) mongolica 4.515 [Acronicta Noctuidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L hercules] Lymantriidae) 4.516 Acronicta Noctuidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Fagus, Alnus, Leaves VL – L intermedia (= A. Lymantriidae) Koreas Rosaceae incretata) 4.517 Acronicta lutea Noctuidae (= S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus, Leaves VL – L Lymantriidae) Far East Koreas, Mongolia Carpinus 4.518 [Nola fumosa] Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L (=Arctiidae) 4.519 [Earias pudicana Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Populus Leaves VL – L pupillana] (=Cymbidae) 4.520 Earias turana Noctuidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not known Salix Leaves VL – L (=Cymbidae) 4.521 Nycteola (= Noctuidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not known Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L Sarrothripus) (=Cymbidae) asiatica 88 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.522 [Raphia Noctuidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L approximata] (=Lymantriidae) 4.523 Acronicta Noctuidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Iran, China Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L megacephala (=Lymantriidae) (=Subacronicta centralis) 4.524 [Cerura (= Notodontidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Populus ( esp. Leaves VL – M Harpyia) lanigera] Far East; Georgia P. tremula), Salix 4.525 [Cerura Notodontidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves VL – L aeruginosa] Kazakhstan; Central Asia 4.526 [Clostera (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Populus Leaves VL – L Pygaera) tremula curtuloides] 4.527 [Cnethodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus, Tilia Leaves VL – L grisescens] 4.528 [Dicranura (= Notodontidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus Leaves VL – M Cerura = Harpyia) przewalskii] 4.529 [Lophocosma Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Corylus, Leaves VL – L atriplaga] Ostrya, Carpinus 4.530 [Nadata splendida] Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Koreas mongolica 4.531 [Notodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Betula Leaves VL – L dembovskii] 4.532 [Phalerodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L bombycina] mongolica 4.533 [Pterostoma Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Populus Leaves VL – L grisea] tremula, Maackia amurensis 4.534 [Ptilodon (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Acer Leaves VL – L Lophopteryx) barbinerve suturata] 4.535 [Spatalia (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Spatelia) dives] mongolica 4.536 [Spatalia (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Spatelia) doerriesi] mongolica 4.537 [Spatalia (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Spatelia) plusiotis] Koreas mongolica 4.538 [Stauropus basalis] Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Carpinus Leaves VL – L 4.539 [Urodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L viridimixta] mongolica 4.540 Lampronadata (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Nadata) cristata Koreas mongolica 4.541 Phalera assimilis Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Koreas 4.542 [Apatura nycteis] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L 89 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.543 [Apatura schrenki] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked North Korea Carpinus, Leaves VL – L Ostrya, Ulmus 4.544 [Neptis thisbe] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L mongolica 4.545 [Sephisa dichroa] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Koreas, Vietnam incana 4.546 [Salebria lornata] Pyralidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus Needles VL – L thunbergiana, other Pinus 4.547 Elegia fallax (= E. Pyralidae S. E. Russia; Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L atrifasciella) 4.548 [Caligula (= Saturniidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Mongolia Quercus, Tilia, Leaves VL – M Calligula) Corylus, boisduvalii] Juglans 4.549 Actias selene Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, India, Japan, Salix, Juglans Leaves VL – L Malaya, Sri Lanka manshurica, other trees 4.550 Antheraea pernyi Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus, Leaves VL – L Castanea 4.551 Antheraea yamamai Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Leaves VL – L Castanea 4.552 Caligula (= Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Juglans, Leaves VL – M Dictyoploca) Taiwan Quercus, other japonica trees, Castanea 4.553 Neoris (= Saturnia) Saturniidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Indis, Iran, Pakistan Crataegus, Leaves L – H huttoni (= N. (mountains) Fraxinus, fruit stoliczkana = N. trees, Acer, schenki) Pistacea 4.554 Rhodinia fugax Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L mongolica 4.555 Synanthedon Sesiidae C. E. Russia, N. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe and Asia Alnus , Betula Sprouts and VL – M spheciformis (=Aegeriidae) Belarus; all Siberia, generally branches Transbaikalia, all Far East 4.556 [Dalbina exacta] Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus, Leaves VL – L Syringa 4.557 [Kentrochrysalis Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Fraxinus Leaves VL – L streckeri] manshurica 4.558 [Marumba Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Tilia Leaves VL – L jankowskii] mandshurica 4.559 [Marumba maacki] Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Leaves VL – L amurensis 4.560 [Marumba Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, India Castanea, Leaves VL – L sperchius] Quercus

90 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA & ORTHOPTERA

4.561 [Smerinthus (= Sphingidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves VL – M Callambulyx) Koreas tatarinovi] 4.562 [Smerinthus Sphingidae C. E. Russia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan Salix, Populus Leaves VL – L coecus] Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.563 Smerinthus planus Sphingidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan Populus, Salix, Leaves VL – M Far East fruit trees 4.564 [Ancylis Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves L – H repandana] mongolica 4.565 [Archips (= Tortricidae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Trunks VL – L Cacoecia = Uzbekistan (wood) Tortrix) sarthana] 4.566 [Archips (= Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus , other Leaves VL – L Cacoecia) deciduous disparana] 4.567 [Pammene Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Sprouts L – M glaucana] mongolica 4.568 [Tortrix Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Tilia Leaves L – H aurichalcana] Koreas 4.569 [Eclysma Zygaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Many Leaves VL – M westwoodi] Koreas deciduous Orthoptera 4.570 [Primnoa Acrididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL - M ussuriensis] plants 4.571 Anacridium (= Acrididae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Mediterranean, Robinia, Leaves VL - M Acridium) Ukraine (Crimea); Iran, Afghanistan; Populus, aegyptium Kazakhstan; Central Asia Northern Africa Quercus, other trees 4.572 Eirenephilus Acrididae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus, Leaves VL - M longipennis (= E. Far East; Kazakhstan Koreas, Mongolia Ulmus, Malus, debilis) other trees 4.573 Oedaleus infernalis Acrididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Deciduous Leaves VL - L Main damage Koreas plants – to young plantations and in nurseries 4.574 Prumna Acrididae S. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, N. Not yet checked China, Mongolia Populus, Leaves VL - M (=Primnoa) Far East, Transbaikalia, S. Syringa, primnoa Far East Juglans, other trees 4.575 Schistocerca Acrididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Iran, Afghanistan, Populus, Salix, Leaves VL - M gregaria Pakistan; Africa Acer, other trees 4.576 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae S. Far East; Central Asia Not yet checked China, Japan, Deciduous Roots L - M Main damage africana Afghanistran, plants – to young Australia, New plantations Zealand, Africa, and in South Eastern Asia nurseries

91 Table 4. INSECTS ORTHOPTERA

4.577 [Isophya caspica Tettigoniidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus, Leaves VL – L stshelkanovtzevi] Parrotia, other trees 4.578 [Isophya gracilis Tettigoniidae S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Acer, Leaves VL – M (= I. vulgaris)] other trees 4.579 [Pholidoptera Tettigoniidae Armenia; Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous & Leaves VL – L (=Uvarovitsia) fruit trees satunini] 4.580 Isophya Tettigoniidae Georgia Not yet checked Turkey Fraxinus, Leaves VL – M redtenbacheri Robinia, Pyrus, Quercus, other trees 4.581 Isophya taurica Tettigoniidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Leaves VL – M Carpinus, Pyrus, other trees 4.582 Pholidoptera Tettigoniidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous & Leaves VL – L pustulipes (= (Crimea) fruit trees Olynthoscelis pontica) 4.583 Poecilimon Tettigoniidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Different trees Leaves VL – L scythicus and other plants

92 Table 5. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 5. Priority forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR

Distribution Main host plants in Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North America In other countries the former USSR parts of significance organisms plants in area of origin Fungi 5.1 Stegophora ulmea Ascomycetes: Absent Canada (at least in Netherlands U. americana Leaves, L – M (Schweinitz: Fries) Diaporthales Quebec, Nova (successfully (preferred host), U. twigs & Sydow & Sydow (= Scotia, but likely eradicated in alata , U. buds Gnomonia ulmea to occur in other 2000); carpinifolia , U. provinces), USA China (likely, crassifolia , U. (Schweinitz: Fries) (widespread from since repeatedly glabra , U. Thümen = the Great Plains to detected on hollandica , U. ‘Gloeosporium the Atlantic exported bonsais) japonica , U. ulmicolum ’ = Ocean) laciniata, U. laevis , Cylindrosporella U. parvifolia , U. ulmea = Asteroma procera , U. pumila , ulmea (L.E. Miles) U. serotina, U. Sutton = thomasii , U. rubra , Gloeosporium ulmeum Zelkova serrata = Sphaeria ulmea Schweinitz: Fries = Dothidella ulmea (Schweinitz: Fries) Ellis & Everhart = Lambro ulmea (Schweinitz: Fries) E. Müller in E. Müller & Arx) ** 5.2 Cronartium fusiforme Basidiomycetes, S. Far East USA (Central & Asia, India Pinus Trunks L – M Already [= Peridermium Uredinales Eastern) (wood) EPPO cerebrum ] quarantine pest

93 Table 6. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 6. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, for which more information is needed

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 6.1 [Anisomyces Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread Not known ? Coniferous Wood L – M Main damage odoratus (= Diaporthales – to treated Anisimyces wood odorata) ] 6.2 [Biatorella Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in pine Not known ? Pinus Trunks and L – M Main damage difformis (= Lecanorales area; Baltic countries; branches – to young Biatoridina Belarus trees pinastri) ] 6.3 [Cenangium ulmi ] Ascomycetes, ? Not known ? Ulmus Central L - M Main damage Helotiales buds and - to young sprouts trees 6.4 [Ceratocystis buxi ] Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Wood L Ophiostomatales 6.5 [Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Wood L exiguum ][possibly Ophiostomatales Ceratostomella exigua = Ophiostoma minus 6.6 [Coriolus Basidiomycetes ? Not known ? Coniferous & Wood L – H Main damage vaporarius ] deciduous – to buildings possibly = Anthrodia sinuosa 6.7 [Cylindrosporium Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves L Main damage ulmi (= Phyllosticta Dothideales – to seedlings bellunensis) ] possibly C. ulmicola 6.8 [Cytophoma Deuteromycetes , S. E. Russia Not known ? Fraxinus Trunks & L – H pulchella ] Sphaeropsidales excelsior branches (wood) 6.9 [Eidamia ? ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Wood L catenulata ] Juglans 6.10 [Endoxylina Ascomycetes, ? S. E. Russia ; Ukraine Not known ? Fraxinus Trunks L – M stellulata ] excelsior (wood) 6.11 [Epicoccum Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Wood L purpureum ] Dothideales possibly E. purpurascens

94 Table 6. PATHOGENS FUNGI & BACTERIA

6.12 [Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Not known ? Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage amelanchieris ] Uredinales Transcaucasus communis, (wood) – to young fruit trees trees 6.13 [Hericium Basidiomycetes ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Wood L diversidens ] 6.14 Ophiostoma Ascomycetes, ? Not known ? Quercus Trunks & L – H Main damage kubanicum Ophiostomatales branches - to young (wood) trees and seedlings 6.15 [Phyllosticta Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves L Main damage lacerans ] Dothideales – to seedlings 6.16 [Sclerophoma Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan Not known ? Pinus Needles & L – M Main damage pithya v. Hohnk] Dothideales central - to possibly S. sprouts seedlings and pithyophila or to 4 – 12 pythiophila year-old plantations 6.17 [Typhula Basidiomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known ? Pinus and Buds of 1- L – M Main damage graminearum ] Aphyllophorales S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far other trees year – to young East; Baltic countries; seedlings seedlings Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 6.18 [Verticillium Ascomycetes, ? Not known ? Quercus, Acer, Trunks M – H Main damage cubanicum (= V. Hypocreales Ulmus, Tilia, (wood) – to kubanicum) ] Betula, seedlings and Populus, other young trees trees 6.19 [Verticillium Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous & Wood L glaucum ] Hypocreales deciduous Bacteria 6.20 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread in oak area Not known ? Quercus Trunks & L – M Vector – quercus ] Pseudomonada- branches aphid ceae (wood) Lachnus roboris 6.21 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread Not known ? Populus Trunks & L – M remifaciens ] Pseudomonada- (including P. branches ceae tremula) (wood)

95 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 7a. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, but which are already present in other parts of the EPPO region

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 7a.1 Apiognomonia Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Tilia Leaves, L – M Main damage errabunda Melanconiales stems of – to seedlings [Gloeosporium seedlings tiliae (= Gnomonia tiliae) ] 7a.2 Apiognomonia Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus Leaves, L The main quercina Melanconiales acorns damage – to [Gloeosporium seedlings quercinum (probably – Gnomonia quercinum) ] 7a.3 Armillaria mellea Basidiomycetes, Widespread USA Europe Deciduous & Roots & L – H Agaricales coniferous trunks (wood) 7a.4 Botryotinia Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea, Larix, Needles L – M Main damage fuckel iana [ Botrytis Helotiales Abies, Pinus, – to seedlings cinerea ] other plants in glasshouse nurseries 7a.5 Cenangium Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus Central L - M Main damage ferruginosum [ C. Helotiales buds and – to 15 – 20 abietis (= sprouts year-old Dothichiza pines ferruginosa) ] 7a.6 Cenangium Ascomycetes, ? Present (in Europe Populus, Central L - M Main damage populneum (= Helotiales temperate zone) Fraxinus, buds and – to young Encoelia Salix, Sorbus sprouts trees fascicularis) [= Dothichiza populina ] 7a.7 [Ceratocystis fagi ] Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Deciduous Wood L = C. piceae Ophiostomatales 7a.8 [Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked E. Europe Deciduous Wood L quercus ] Ophiostomatales 7a.9 Chrysomyxa abietis Basidiomycetes, Russia; Latvia; Lithuania; Not known Europe Picea, Abies Needles VL – L Main damage Uredinales Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (widespread); Japan – to young plants 7a.10 Chrysomyxa ledi Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea Needles VL – L Main damage Uredinales – to young plants 96 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.11 Chrysomyxa Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea Cones and L – M pirolata [= Ch. Uredinales seeds pyrolae ] 7a.12 Ciboria Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Betula Seeds VL – L Main damage [Sclerotinia ] Helotiales – in storage betulae 7a.13 Colpoma Ascomycetes, ? USA (in Europe Quercus Trunks & L – M Main damage (= Hysterium) Diaporthales temperate zone) branches – to young quercinum (bark and trees [Cytospora wood) quercella (= Clithris quercina) ] 7a.14 Coniophora Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Coniferous and Wood L – M Main damage cerebella (= C. ? deciduous – to buildings puteana) 7a.15 [Coriolus Basidiomycetes ? N. America Europe Deciduous Wood L hirsutus ]= (temperate) Trametes hirsuta 7a.16 Cronartium Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Not known Europe Pinus Trunks and L – H Main damage flaccidum Uredinales susceptible pines area; Baltic (widespread); sylvestris, P. branches – to 30 – 50 [Endocronartium countries; Belarus; Moldova; China; Japan; nigra, P. (wood) year-old pini](= Ukraine; Transcaucasus Korea montana, other monocultures Peridermium pini) Pinus of pines 7a.17 Cronartium Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Canada and Europe (widely); Pinus strobus, Trunks and L – H Main damage ribicola Uredinales susceptible pines area; Baltic USA (in Asia (widely); P. sibirica, P. branches – to Pinus countries; Belarus; Moldova; temperate zone) Taiwan mandchurica , (wood) strobus other Pinus, Ukraine Ribes 7a.18 Cryphonectria Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia, S. Far East; Canada and Europe (widely); Castanea, Trunks and L – H Main damage [Endothia ] Diaporthales Ukraine; Georgia USA (in China; India; Japan; Fagus, branches – to parasitica temperate zone) Korea; Taiwan; Quercus, (wood) Castanea Turkey; Tunisia Carpinus forests at the Caucasus 7a.19 Cryptodiaporthe Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Populus Trunks and L – M Main damage [= Dothichiza ] Diaporthales branches - to young populea trees 7a.20 Cytospora Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Carpinus Trunks & L – M Main damage decipiens Sphaeropsidales branches – to young (bark and trees wood) 7a.21 [Cytospora foetida ] Deuteromycetes, S. E. Russia Not known Bulgaria Populus, other Trunks & L – H Main damage Sphaeropsidales deciduous branches – to young (bark and trees wood) 7a.22 [Cytospora Deuteromycetes, Russia: widespread in oak Canada Germany, Hungary Quercus Acorns, L – M Main damage intermedia ] Sphaeropsidales area; Ukraine trunks & – to young branches trees 7a.23 [Discula brunneo- Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Coniferous Wood L tingens ] Phacidiales 97 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.24 Epicoccum nigrum Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Coniferous Wood L [E. purpurascens ] Dothideales 7a.25 [Fibuloporia Basidiomycetes Russia: widespread N.America Europe, Nepal Coniferous & Wood L – H Main damage vaillantii ] = Poria deciduous – to buildings (Antrodia) vaillantii 7a.26 Fomes fomentarius Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Betula, Fagus, Trunks L – M Main damage Aphyllophorales Populus, (wood) – to wood Alnus, Salix, other trees 7a.27 Fomitopsis [= Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Central and Europe Larix, Pinus, Trunks L – M Main damage Fomes ] (= Aphyllophorales coniferous area; Baltic Western North Abies, some (wood) – to wood Laricifomes) countries; Belarus America other officinalis coniferous 7a.28 Fomitopsis (= Basidiomycetes, ? Present Europe (widely); Coniferous & Trunks L – M Main damage Fomes) pinicola Aphyllophorales Asia (widely) some (wood) – to wood deciduous 7a.29 Fomitopsis rosea Basidiomycetes, ? Canada; USA Europe (widely); Pinus, other Wood L – M Main damage (= Fomes roseus) Aphyllophorales India; Japan; coniferous – to treated Kenya; Pakistan; wood 7a.30 Gibberella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea Wood L pulicaris [ Fusarium Hypocreales sambucinum ] 7a.31 Gloeophyllum Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread Widespread Europe.Widespread Pinus, Picea, Wood L – M sepiarium ? in Northern other (= G. hirsutum = hemisphere coniferous Lenzites sepiaria) 7a.32 Gremmeniella Ascomycetes, Russia; Estonia; Lithuania; Canada; USA Europe Picea abies, Needles L – H Main damage [= Ascocalyx ] Helotiales Belarus; Georgia (widespread); Japan Pinus – in nurseries abietina sylvestris, and to young [= Scleroderris Pinus, Picea, plantations lagerbergii = Larix, Abies Brunchorstia pinea = B. destruens ] 7a.33 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; USA Europe Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damag e clavariiforme Uredinales Transcaucasus communis, (wood) – to young fruit trees trees 7a.34 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Canada (BC) Europe (widely); Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage fuscum [ G. sabinae ] Uredinales Transcaucasus and USA (CA) China; Cyprus; sabina, J. (wood) – to young (not widely) Lebanon; Syria; rubescens, J. trees Turkey; Arab virginiana, Emirates; Algeria; Pyrus, other Morocco fruit trees 7a.35 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Widespread Europe, Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage juniperinum [ G. Uredinales Transcaucasus Widespread in communis, (wood) – to young juniperi ] (= G. temperate Northern fruit trees trees cornutum) hemisphere 98 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.36 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Present Europe; Western Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage tremelloides [ G. Uredinales Transcaucasus Africa; East Asia communis, (wood) – to young mali-tremelloides ] fruit trees trees 7a.37 Herpotrichia Ascomycetes, ? Widespread Europe (widely); Picea, Pinus, Needles L – M Main damage juniperi (= H. Dothideales Asia (widely) Juniperus – to seedlings nigra) 7a.38 Heterobasidion Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Mexico; Cuba; Europe (widely); Pinus, Picea, Roots and M – VH annosum Aphyllophorales coniferous area; Baltic Canada; USA Asia (widely); Abies, Larix, trunks [Fomitopsis countries; Belarus; Ukraine Morocco; Papua Juniperus (wood) annosa ] (= Fomes New Guinea; Fiji; annosus) Dominican Repub.; Jamaica; Australia; New Zealand 7a.39 Hirschioporus Basidiomycetes ? N. America Europe Coniferous Wood L abietinus = Trichaptum abietinum 7a.40 Hypoxylon Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread; Ukraine Canada; USA Europe except Populus Trunks & L – M mammatum [ H. Sphaeriales North tremula, branches pruinatum ] Populus (wood) 7a.41 Inonotus Basidiomycetes, Widespread in oak area Widespread Europe, Quercus Trunks L – M Main damage (= Polyporus) Aphyllophorales Widespread in (wood) – to wood dryophilus temperate Northern hemisphere 7a.42 Ischnoderma Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread Widespread Widespread in Coniferous and Trunks L – M resinosum Aphyllophorales Northern some (wood) (=Polyporus hemisphere deciduous resinosus = P. benzoinus = P. fuliginosus = P. fuscus) 7a.43 Lachnella Ascomycetes, Widespread in susceptible North-East (not Europe (widely); Larix decidua, Trunks and L – H Main damage [Dasyscypha ] (= Helotiales larches area widely) China; Japan L. sibirica (L. branches - to young Lachnellula = rossioa), other (wood) trees Dasyscyphus = Larix Trichoscyphella) willkommii 7a.44 Laetiporus Basidiomycetes ? Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Acer, Trunks L Main damage sulphureus Salix, Populus, (wood) – to wood Fagus, Tilia, Larix, others 7a.45 Lentinus lepideus Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus, other Wood L – M ? coniferous 7a.46 Lirula macrospora Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea Needles L – M Main damage [Lophodermium Phacidiales - to young macrosporum ] trees 7a.47 Lophodermella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Pinus Needles L Main damage [Hypodermella ] Rhytismatales – to seedlings sulcigena 99 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.48 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, Estonia Not yet checked Europe Pinus Needles L Main damage conigerum Rhytismatales - to young trees 7a.49 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus Needles L – M Main damage pinastri Rhytismatales - to young trees 7a.50 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, Widespread North (boreal Northern and Pinus Needles L – H Main damage seditiosum (= Rhytismatales zone) Central Europe - to Leptostroma seedlings in rostrupii) nurseries (less than 8 year-old) 7a.51 Massaria inquinans Loculoscomycet Widespread in Acer anad Widespread Europe, Acer & Trunks & L – M (= M. vomitoria = es Fraxinus areas Widespread in Fraxinus branches M. gigaspora) temperate Northern (wood) hemisphere 7a.52 Melampsora allii- Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Not known Europe; Africa; Populus Leaves & L – M Main damage populina Uredinales South – West Asia; sprouts - to young South America trees 7a.53 Melampsora larici- Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Not known Europe; Northern Populus Leaves & L – M Main damage populina Uredinales Africa; Asia sprouts - to young trees 7a.54 Melampsora laricis Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Not known Europe; Middle Populus, Larix Leaves, L – M Main damage (= M. populnea f. Uredinales East; Kenya; South needles & – to young sp . laricis) [ M. Africa; Uruguay sprouts trees larici-tremulae ] 7a.55 Melampsora Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread except Not known Europe; Middle Pinus, Populus Needles L - M Main damage populnea f. sp . Uredinales Far East; Baltic countries; East; Kenya; South leaves, & - to pine pinitorqua [ M. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Africa; Uruguay sprouts seedlings and pinitorqua ] Transcaucasus young trees of Populus 7a.56 Melampsora Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Absent Europe; Middle Populus Leaves and L – M Mercurialis populnea f. sp . Uredinales East; Kenya; South sprouts (alternative rostrupii [ M. Africa; Uruguay host) doesn’t exist in North rostrupii ] America 7a.57 Melampsorella Basidiomycetes, C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Europe Abies Trunks & L Main damage caryophyllacearum Uredinales Siberia; Ukraine branches - to mono- [M. cerastii ] (wood) cultures 7a.58 Melampsoridium Basidiomycetes, Widespread in birch area Widespread Europe;Widespread Betula, Larix Leaves, L – M Main damage betulae (= M. Uredinales in temperate needles – to seedlings betulinum = Northern Melampsora hemisphere; New betulina) Zealand 7a.59 Meria [= Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread except USA Europe Larix sibirica, Needles L – H Main damage Hartigiella ] laricis Dothideales Far East; Baltic countries; Larix - to 2 – 3 Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine dahurica, year-old other Larix seedlings 100 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.60 Microsphaera Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in oak N. America Europe Quercus Leaves L - M Main damage alphitoides [= Erysiphales area; Baltic countries; – to young Oidium dubium ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine seedlings 7a.61 Microsphaera Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in oak Not yet checked Europe Quercus Leaves VL – L Main damage hypophylla [= M. Erysiphales area; Baltic countries; – to young silvatica sp . nova ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine seedlings 7a.62 Mycosphaerella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Tilia Leaves L Main damage [Cercospora ] Dothideales – to seedlings microsora [= M. millegrana ] 7a.63 Mycosphaerella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Pinus and Pine L Main damage tassiana Dothideales deciduous needles, – to seedlings [Cladosporium deciduous herbarum ] wood 7a.64 [Naemospora ? ? N. America Europe Quercus Trunks, L Main damage croceola (= roots and - to young Diatrype stigma) ] branches trees (wood) 7a.65 Nectria Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Ulmus, Trunks & L – H Main damage cinnabarina [= Hypocreales Carpinus, branches - to Tubercularia Castanea, (wood) seedlings and vulgaris ] Populus, Acer, young trees Betula 7a.66 Nummularia Pyrenomycetes S. E. Russia; Ukraine Widespread Widespread in the Quercus, Trunks & L – M Main damage bulliardii (= world Fagus branches - to young Biscogniauxia (bark) trees nummularia = Hypoxylon nummularium) 7a.67 Ophiostoma (= Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Present (in Europe Quercus Acorns, L – H Main damage Ceratocystis) Ophiostomatales Ukraine; Transcaucasus; temperate zone) trunks & - to piceae [ O. (= Central Asia branches seedlings and Graphium = (wood) young trees Verticillium) roboris ] 7a.68 Ophiostoma (= Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Present (in Europe Quercus Acorns, L – H Main damage Ceratocystis) Ophiostomatales Ukraine; Transcaucasus; temperate zone) trunks & – to seedlings piceae [ O. (= Central Asia branches and young Graphium = (wood) trees Verticillium) valachicum ] 7a.69 [Ophiostoma Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Moldova; USA, Canada Europe Quercus Trunks & L – H Main damage quercus ]( O. querci ) Ophiostomatales Ukraine; Transcaucasus; branches - to young Central Asia (wood) trees and seedlings 7a.70 Ophiostoma Ascomycetes, C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Canada; USA Europe Ulmus Trunks M – VH Main damage [= Ceratocystis = Ophiostomatales Baltic countries; Belarus; (widespread); India; (wood) – to Graphium ] ulmi Moldova; Ukraine; Iran European Transcaucasus; Central Asia elm species 101 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.71 Oxyporus populinus Basidiomycetes, ? N. America Europe Acer, Betula, Trunks L Main dam age Aphyllophorales Alnus, Tilia, (wood) – to wood Quercus, other trees 7a.72 Paxillus panuoides Basidiomycetes ? USA Europe Coniferous & Wood L – M Main damage deciduous – to buildings 7a.73 Penicillium Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Coniferous & Wood L purpurogenum Eurotiales deciduous 7a.74 [Penicillium Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Coniferous & Wood L roseum ] = Eurotiales deciduous Gliocladium roseum 7a.75 Peniophora Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Coniferous Wood with L – M gigantea ? bark 7a.76 Phacidium Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in pine North of USA Europe; Japan - ? Pinus, Needles L – H Main damage infestans (= P. Phacidiales area; Baltic countries; Juniperus, – to seedlings abietis = P. pini– Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Picea, Abies and young cembrae = trees Gremmenia gigaspora) 7a.77 Phaeolus [= Basidiomycetes, Widespread USA Europe Pinus, Larix, Roots and L – M Polyporus ] Aphyllophorales Picea, Thuja, trunks schweinitzii Abies, (wood) Quercus, Prunus 7a.78 Phellinus hartigii Basidiomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Widespread Europe, World- Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M Main damage (= Fomes hartigii Aphyllophorales N.E. Siberia, N.W. Siberia, wide distribution Pinus, Tsuga, (wood) – to wood = F. robustus) [ Ph. S. Siberia; Baltic countries; Taxus, some hartigi ] Belarus; Ukraine; other Transcaucasus coniferous 7a.79 Phellinus igniarius Basidiomycetes, Widespread in aspen area USA Europe Populus Trunks L Main damage Aphyllophorales tremula, other (wood) – to wood trees 7a.80 Phellinus pini (= Basidiomycetes, Widespread Present Northern Europe; Pinus, Larix, Trunks L – M Main damage Fomes pini) Aphyllophorales Asia Abies, other (wood) – to wood coniferous 7a.81 [Phellinus pini var. Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread; Baltic N. America Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – M Main damage abietis (= Fomes Aphyllophorales countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Larix, Abies, (wood) – to wood pini var. abietis) ]= Transcaucasus; Central Asia some other Phellinus coniferous chrysoloma 7a.82 Phellinus robustus Basidiomycetes, Widespread in oak area Widespread Europe, World- Quercus, Trunks L – M Main damage (= Fomes robustus Aphyllophorales wide distribution Castanea, (wood) – to wood = F. hartigii) Carpinus, other trees 7a.83 Phellinus tremulae Basidiomycetes, Widespread in aspen area USA Europe Populus Trunks L – H Main damage (= Fomes tremulae) Aphyllophorales tremula, some (wood) – to wood other Populus 102 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.84 Pholiota adiposa Basidiomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks L Main damage Agaricales Populus, (wood) – to wood Betula, Tilia 7a.85 [Phyllosticta Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Quercus Leaves VL - L Main damage quercus ] Dothideales – to seedlings 7a.86 Polyporus Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus, Trunks and L – M squamosus Aphyllophorales Populus, roots Ulmus, others (wood) 7a.87 [Polystictus Basidiomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known ? Picea, Pinus, Trunks and L – H circinatus var . ? S.E. Russia, S. Far East; Larix, other roots triqueter ] Baltic countries; Belarus; coniferous (wood) Moldova; Ukraine 7a.88 Pucciniastrum Basidiomycetes, ? Not known Europe (widely); Picea Cones and L – M areolatum Uredinales Asia (incl. Japan) seeds [Thecopsora padi ] 7a.89 Rhizina undulata Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia; Ukraine USA Europe Pinus, Picea, Roots and L – M Main damage [Rhizina inflata ] Pezizales Larix, Abies, trunks - to young other trees (wood) trees 7a.90 Rosellinia quercina Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus, Roots of L – M Main damage Sphaeriales deciduous & seedlings – in nurseries coniferous 7a.91 Schizophyllum ? ? USA Europe Coniferous & Wood L – M commune deciduous 7a.92 Sclerotinia borealis Ascomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Present Northern Europe; Pinus Buds of 1- L – M Main damage [S. graminearum ] = Helotiales S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Japan year – to seedlings Myriosclerotinia East; Baltic countries; seedlings borealis Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 7a.93 Sclerotinia Ascomycetes, Widespread Not known Europe Quercus Acorns L – M Main damage [Stromatinia ] Helotiales – in storage pseudotuberosa 7a.94 Septoria betulae Ascomycetes, ? USA (not Europe Betula Leaves L Main damage Dothideales widely) – to seedlings 7a.95 [Septoria Ascomycetes, ? Temperate N. Europe Caragana Leaves L Main damage caraganae (= Dothideales America – to seedlings Mycosphaerella jaczewskii) ] 7a.96 Septoria quercina Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus Leaves VL - L Main damage = S. quercicola Dothideales – to seedlings 7a.97 Serpula (= Boletus) ? Widespread Widespread Europe: Coniferous & Wood M – VH Main damage lacrymans Widespread in the deciduous – to buildings world 7a.98 Stereum Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M sanguinolentum Aphyllophorales Larix (wood) 7a.99 Sydowia polyspora Ascomycetes, ? Present Europe (widely) Pinus Needles L – M Main damage [Sclerophoma Dothideales - to seedlings pithyophila (= in nurseries Dothichiza ferruginosa) ]

103 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI & BACTERIA

7a.100 Taphrina Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Populus Fruits L johansonii [= T. Taphrinales tremula johansoni ] 7a.101 Taphrina pruni Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Prunus padus Fruits L Taphrinales 7a.102 Taphrina Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Populus Fruits L rhizophora [= T. Taphrinales rhizophorus ] 7a.103 [Trichoderma ? ? N. America Europe Pinus, Picea Wood L lignorum ] = T. viride 7a.104 Valsa sordida [= Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Populus, Tilia Trunks & L – H Main damage Cytospora Diaporthales branches – to young chrysosperma ] (bark and trees wood) 7a.105 Venturia tremulae Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Populus Leaves and L – H Main damage [= Pollaccia Hyphomycetales tremula & sprouts – to 1 – 5 radiosa ] other Populus year-old seedlings 7a.106 Verticillium albo- Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread; Baltic Widespread Europe (widely); Quercus, Acer, Trunks M – H Main damage atrum Hypocreales countries; Belarus; Moldova; Asia (widely); Ulmus, Tilia, (wood) – to seedlings Ukraine; Kyrgyzstan; Africa (widely); Betula, and young Uzbekistan Australia; New Populus, other trees Zealand deciduous 7a.107 Verticillium Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread; Baltic Canada; USA Europe (widely); Quercus, Acer, Trunks M – H Main damage dahliae Hypocreales countries; Belarus; Moldova; Asia (widely); Ulmus, Tilia, (wood) – to seedlings Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Africa (widely); Betula, and young Central Asia South America Populus, other trees (widely); New deciduous Zealand; Australia 7a.108 [Verticillium Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Deciduous & Wood L lateritium ] = V. Hypocreales coniferous tenerum Bacteria 7a.109 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread in oak area Not known ? Quercus Trunks & L – M Vector – quercus ] Pseudomonada- branches aphid ceae (wood) Lachnus roboris 7a.110 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread Not known ? Populus Trunks & L – M remifaciens ] Pseudomonada- (including P. branches ceae tremula) (wood) 7a.111 Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, ? USA Europe Populus Trunks & L – M syringae Pseudomonada- branches ceae (wood)

104 Table 7b. PATHOGENS FUNGI & BACTERIA

Table 7b. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 7b.1 [Fusarium Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana Wood L caraganae ] Hypocreales 7b.2 Marssonina Deuteromycetes, Juglans Fruits, L – M juglandis (Lib.) Melanconiales leaves, Magn. sprouts 7b.3 Taphrina polyspora Ascomycetes, Acer tataricum Leaves L – M Main damage (Svr.) Joh. Taphrinales to nurseries and city plantations Bacteria 7b.4 Xanthomonas Gracilicutes, Juglans Fruits L – H juglandis Pierse Pseudomonada- ceae

105 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 8. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritized

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 8.1 Alternaria tenuis Ascomycetes, Europe Many trees Seeds, L – H Nees . Dothideales seedlings 8.2 Aspergillus glaucus Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – H Main damage Link. Eurotiales in storage 8.3 Aspergillus niger Ascomycetes, Many trees Seeds L – M Link Eurotiales 8.4 Bjerkandera adusta ? Deciduous Wood L – M Karst. 8.5 Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, Pinus, Picea Wood L Leads to the coeruleum (Münch) Ophiostomatales blue colour H. et Syd. of wood 8.6 Ceratocystis pini Ascomycetes, Pinus, Picea Wood L Leads to the (Münch) H. et Syd. Ophiostomatales blue colour of wood 8.7 Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Quercus Trunks & L – VH Spread by roboris Georg. et Ophiostomatales Moldova, Ukraine, branches insects Teod. Transcaucasus, Central Asia (wood) (scolytids, cerambycids, buprestids), water & wind 8.8 Cercospora acerina Ascomycetes, Europe Acer Fruits, L – M Hart. Dothideales seeds, seedlings 8.9 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L campanulae Pers. Uredinales 8.10 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L senecionis Fr. Uredinales 8.11 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L sonchiarvensis Lev. Uredinales 8.12 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L tussilaginis Lev. Uredinales 8.13 Coriolellus serialis ? ? Coniferous Wood L – M (Fr.) Murr. 8.14 Coriolus versicolor Basidiomycetes, Europe Deciduous & Wood L – M (L.) Quel. ? coniferous 8.15 Coriolus zonatus Basidiomycetes, Europe Deciduous Wood L – M (Fr.) Quel. ? 8.16 Daedalia quercina Basidiomycetes, Europe Quercus Butt part of L – M (L.) Fr. ? trunks (wood) 106 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI 8.17 Dothidella betulina Ascomycetes, Betula Leaves L (Fr.) Sacc. Dothideales 8.18 Dothidella ulmi Ascomycetes, Europe Ulmus Leaves L – M Main damage (Duv.) Wint. Dothideales to ornamentals in cities 8.19 Ganoderma Basidiomycetes, Tilia, Acer, Butt part of L – M Main damage applanatum (Pers. Aphyllophorales Salix, Populus, trunks – to city ex Wallr.) Pat. Ulmus , some (wood) plantations coniferous 8.20 Gloeophyllum Basidiomycetes, ? Picea, Abies Wood L – M abietinum (Butt.) ? other Karst. coniferous 8.21 Gloeosporium Deuteromycetes, Europe Betula Leaves L betulinum West. Melanconiales 8.22 Gloeosporium tiliae Deuteromycetes, Europe Tilia Leaves L – M Main damage Oud. Melanconiales to nurseries and city plantations 8.23 Gloeosporium Deuteromycetes, ? Populus Leaves L – M Main damage tremulae Pass. Melanconiales tremula to nurseries and city plantations 8.24 Hendersonia Ascomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles L – H Main damage acicola Münch . et Sphaeriales – to 3 – 12 Tub old trees 8.25 Hirschioporus Basidiomycetes, ? Pinus, Larix Wood L – M fusco -violaceus ? (Fr.) Donk. 8.26 Hysterographium Ascomycetes, Europe Fraxinus Trunks & L – H fraxini (Pers.) De Ophiostomatales branches Not. (wood) 8.27 Inonotus dryadeus Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia, Transcaucasus Europe Quercus, Butt part of L – H Main damage (Pers. et Fr.) Murr. Aphyllophorales Fagus, trunks – to 80-year Castanea, (wood) & and more old Abies roots trees (mainly nordmanniana Quercus ) 8.28 Inonotus obliquus Basidiomycetes, Europe Betula, Acer, Trunks L – M (Pers.) Pil. Aphyllophorales Fagus, Sorbus, (wood) Fraxinus, etc . 8.29 Lenzites betulina Basidiomycetes, Europe Betula & other Wood L – M (L. ex Fr.) Fr. ? deciduous 8.30 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia, C. E. Russia Europe Juniperus Needles L – H juniperinum (Fr.) Phacidiales (East - Ural), Siberia de Not 8.31 Marssonina betulae Deuteromycetes, Europe Betula Leaves L (Zied.) Magn. Melanconiales 107 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI 8.32 Marssonina populi Deuteromycetes, Europe Populus Leaves L – M Main damage Kleb. Melanconiales to nurseries and city plantations 8.33 Nectria ditissima Ascomycetes, Europe Fagus, Trunks & L – M Main damage Tul. Hypocreales Populus branches to city (wood) plantations 8.34 Nectria galligena Ascomycetes, Europe Acer, Fagus, Trunks & L – M Main damage Bres. Hypocreales Quercus, fruit branches to city and other (wood) plantations deciduous trees 8.35 Penicillium Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – H Main damage glaucum Link . Eurotiales in storage 8.36 Penicillium Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – H Main damage italicum Pers . Eurotiales in storage 8.37 Peniophora ? ? Wood L – M sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. 8.38 Phomopsis Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – M Main damage quercella ( Sacc ) Diaporthales in storage 8.39 Phytophthora Oomycetes, Europe Deciduous and Seedlings L cactorum (L et C) coniferous Schröt Peronosporales 8.40 Piptoporus Basidiomycetes, Europe Betula Trunks L betulinus (Bull. ex ? (wood) Fr.) Karst. 8.41 Pollaccia elegans Deuteromycetes, Europe Populus Leaves & L – M Main damage Serv. (= Venturia Hyphomycetales tremula sprouts to nurseries populina (Vuill.) and city Fabr.) plantations 8.42 Rhizopus nigricans Europe Seeds L Hhr . 8.43 Rhizosphaeria Deuteromycetes, Estonia, N. E. Russia Europe Picea Needles, L – M Main damage kalkhoffii Bub. (Karelia) seedlings – to seedlings and young trees 8.44 Rhizosphaeria Deuteromycetes, S. E. Russia, C. E. Russia Europe Abies Needles, L – M Main damage pini( Corda ) Maubl . (East - Ural), Siberia, seedlings – to seedlings Transcaucasus and young trees 8.45 Rhytisma acerinum Ascomycetes, Europe Acer Fruits L – M Main damage (Pers.) Fr. Rhytismatales in nurseries 8.46 Rhytisma Ascomycetes, ? Acer Leaves VL – L Main damage punctatum Rehm. Rhytismatales in nurseries 8.47 Rhytisma salicinum Ascomycetes, Europe Salix Leaves L – M Rehm. Rhytismatales 108 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI 8.48 Septoria populi Ascomycetes, Populus Leaves L – M Main damage Dothideales to nurseries and city plantations 8.49 Taphrina alni- Ascomycetes, ? Alnus Fruits VL – L Cause a incanae (Kühn.) Taphrinales deformation Magn. of fruits 8.50 Taphrina Ascomycetes, ? Betula Leaves VL – L auctumnalis Taphrinales 8.51 Taphrina aurea Ascomycetes, Populus Leaves VL – L Main damage (Pers.) Fr. Taphrinales to nurseries and city plantations 8.52 Taphrina betulina Ascomycetes, Betula Leaves VL – L Rostr. Taphrinales 8.53 Taphrina carnea Ascomycetes, Betula Leaves VL – L Joh. Taphrinales 8.54 Taphrina epiphylla Ascomycetes, Alnus incana Leaves VL – L Sacc. Taphrinales 8.55 Taphrina Ascomycetes, Alnus Leaves VL – L tosquinettü (West.) Taphrinales glutinosa Magn. 8.56 Thamnidium Seeds L elegans Link 8.57 Thelephora Basidiomycetes, Europe Coniferous Seedlings L – M terrestris Ehr. 8.58 Thyrostroma Deuteromycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, S. ? Tilia, Ulmus, Trunks & L – H compactum Sacc. Hyphomycetales E. Russia, Ural Acer branches (wood) 8.59 Trichothecium Acer, Seeds L – M roseum Link Fraxinus, Quercus, Pinus, Picea 8.60 Verticillium leave Ascomycetes, ? Pinus, Picea , Wood L Leads to the Fr. Hypocreales other red colour of coniferous wood 8.61 Vuilleminia Basidiomycetes, ? Quercus Trunks & L – M comedens Maize. Aphyllophorales branches (wood)

109 Table 8. PATHOGENS BACTERIA

Bacteria 8.62 Erwinia quercina Gracilicutes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – M Main damage Held. et Schr . Enterobacteria- in storage ceae 8.63 Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Europe Pinus Seedlings L – M Main damage flu orescens Migula Pseudomonada- – to 1-year ceae seedlings 8.64 Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Fraxinus Trunks & L – M fraxini Vuill. (= P. Pseudomonada- branches savastanoi pv. ceae (wood) fraxini (Janse) Young et al.) 8.65 Pseudomonas pini Gracilicutes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Pinus Trunks & L – H Main damage Vuill. Pseudomonada- Siberia branches – to 60-year ceae (wood) and more old trees

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(1982) Diseases of forest and ornamental trees. – London – Basingstoke, “MACMILLAN PRESS LTD”, 435 p. Plavilshchikov N. N. (1936) Dokhtouroffia baeckmanni Jank. In: Fauna of the USSR; Coleopterous insects, v. XXI; Long horn beetles, Part 1, p. 407 – 408 (in Russian). 115 REFERENCES Plavilshchikov N. N. (1936) Leptura succedanea Lew. In: Fauna of the USSR; Coleopterous insects, v. XXI; Long horn beetles, Part 1, p. 362 – 363 (in Russian). Plavilshchikov N. N. (1940) Tetropium gracilicorne Reitt . – Thin-antennae spruce borer. In: Fauna of the USSR; Coleopterous insects, V. XXII; Long horn beetles, Part 2, p. 34 – 35 (in Russian). Plavilshchikov N. N. (1940) Tetropium staudingeri Pic. – Seven-river spruce borer. In: Fauna of the USSR; Coleopterous insects, V. XXII; Long horn beetles, Part 2, p. 36 – 37 (in Russian). Plavilshchikov N. N. (1940) Turcmenigena varentzovi Melg. In: Fauna of the USSR; Coleopterous insects, v. XXII; Long horn beetles, Part 2, p. 54 – 56 (in Russian). Plavilshchikov N. N. (1958) Monochamus impluviatus Motsch. – Siberian speckled sawyer. In: Fauna of the USSR; Coleoptera, V. XXIII, Part 1; Long horn beetles, Part 3; Sub-family Lamiinae , Part 1, p. 526 – 528 (in Russian). Pleshanov A. S. (1982) Insect defoliators of larch forests of Eastern Siberia. Novosibirsk, "Nauka", Siberian publishing firm RAS, 209 p. (in Russian). Pleshanov A. S., Berezhnykh E. D., Gamerova O. G., Tokmakov A. V., Epova V. I. (1988) Ecological and economical groups of insects in the zone of Baikal – Amur Magistral. – “Lessovedenie”, No 3, p. 21 – 26 (in Russian). Pleshanov A. S., Issaev A. S. (1981) Ecological and physiological aspects of the resistance of larch to insect defoliators. In: “Role of plant-insect interactions in the dynamic of forest pest populations. Abstracts of the Symposium. Irkutsk, p. 40 – 41 and 80 – 81 (in Russian). Pleshanov A. S., Vassilieva T. G. (1974) Outbreaks of larch defoliators at Baïkal lake. 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(1981) Pests of field protecting forest plantations in Kirgizia. Frunze, "Ilim", 225 p. (in Russian). Romanenko K. E. (1981) Turkestan brown-tail moth ( Euproctis karghalica Moore) – a pest of forest fruit treed in Kirgizia. In: Entomological studies in Kirgizia. Frunze, "Ilim", V. XIV, p. 110 - 115 (in Russian). Romanenko K. E. (1984) Pests of Pistacea in Kyrgyzstan and control measures against them. – Frunze, “Ilim”, 155 p. (in Russian). Rozhkov A. S, Raigorodskaya I. A. and Byalaya I. V. (1966) Pests of Siberian larch. Moscow, "Nauka", 320 p. (in Russian). Rozhkov A. S. (1963) Siberian silk moth. – Moscow, Edition of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 176 p. (in Russian). Rupaïs A. A. (1981) Pests of trees and shrubs in green plantations in Latvia. – Riga, “Zinatne”, 264 p. (in Russian). Sarkissyan R. A. (1972) Dynamics of populations of the brown-tail moth and the mountain ring silk moth in mountains of Zangezur of Armenian SSR. Thesis of candidate (doctor) in biological sciences: 03.00.09 – Erevan, 1972. – 27 p. (in Russian). Schwenke, W. (1972) Die Forstschädlinge Europas. – Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin Schwerdtfeger, F. (1981) Waldkrankheiten. – Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin Semenkova I. G., Sokolova E. S. (1992) Forest pathology. Manual for Universities. – 2 nd edition, Moscow, “Ecologia”, 352 p. (in Russian). Shamaev A. V. (1994) Guide on identification of pests of forest trees trunks, on which the importers of Russian wood have phytosanitary requirements. Syktyvkar, "Victoria", 66 p. (in Russian). Siitonen J. (1990) Potential forest pest beetles conveyed to Finland on timber from the Soviet Union. – “Silva Fennica”, V. 24, No 3, p. 315-321. Smith I. M., Dunez J., Lelliott R. A., Phillips D. H., Archer S. A. (1988) European Handbook of Plant Diseases. – Oxford – London – Edinbourg – Boston – 116 REFERENCES Palo – Alto - Melbourne, “Blackwell Scientific Publications”, 583 p. Solomon J. D. (1995) Guide to Insect Borers in North American Broadleaf Trees and Shrubs. USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook N° AH-706. – Washington, D. C., US Government Printing Office, 735 p. Spessivtsev P. N. (1931) Identification of bark beetles. Moscow – Leningrad, "Sel’khozgiz", 214 p. (in Russian). Stadnitskii G. V. (1971) Pests of spruce seeds. – Moscow, “Lesnaïya Promyshlennost’”, 48 p. (in Russian). Stadnitskii G. V., Golutvina L. S., Grebenshchikova V. I. (1976) Pests of larch seeds in the conditions of seed-producing areas. “Lesnoï Zhurnal”, No 2, p. 151 – 155 (in Russian). Stadnitskii G. V., Yurchenko G. I., Smetanin A. N., Grebenshchikova V. I., Pribylova M. V. (1978) Pests of cones and seeds of coniferous species. Moscow, “Lesnaïya Promyshlennost’”, 168 p. (in Russian). Stark V. N. (1952) Fauna of the USSR; Coleopterous insects, v. XXXI; Bark beetles. – Moscow-Leningrad, Edition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 534 p. (in Russian). Toktoraliev B. A. 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(1998) Collected documents on forest quarantine. – Moscow, “AGRORUS”, 103 p. (in Russian). Vorontsov A. I. (1978) Pathology of forests. – Moscow, “Lesnaïya Promyshlennost’”, 272 p. (in Russian). Vorontsov A. I. (1995) Forest Entomology. Manual for Universities, 5th edition. Moscow, "Ecologia", 352 p. (in Russian). Yankovskii I. V. (1934) Materials for the study of longhorn beetles of the Central Asia. – Bulletin of the Central Asian State University, Tashkent, State Edition of Uzbek SSR, v. 19, No 16, p. 12 – 27 (in Russian). Yanovskii V. M. (1976) Entomophages of trunk pests in Tuva ASSR and Mongolian Popular Republic. In: Problems of dynamic of populations of insect pests of taiga forests. Krasnoyarsk, Edition of Siberian Department of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, p. 42 – 56 (in Russian). Yanovskii V. M. (1979) Ecological and faunistic assessment of dendrophillous insects of Mongolia. In: “Fauna of forests of Baïkal lake region”. 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EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES

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Forest pests on the territories of the former USSR

As part of a broader programme of analysis of the risk of forest pests in the former USSR to other parts of EPPO region, the EPPO Secretariat has made a collection of information concerning the pests of forest trees in the former USSR. The table first presented at the Panel meeting in Helsinki (2000-02-8/10) and then in Perm’ (2000-07-04/07), Paris (2001-03-13/15), Zagreb (2001-07-03/05), Vilnius (2002-03-12/14), Paris (2002-09-24/26), Riga (2003-04-01/04), Venezia (IT, 2003-10-1/3) and Grisslehamn (SE, 2004-09-27/29) was devided into 10 tables: (1) the most important (for non-European part of the EPPO region) pests for which PRA was performed by the Panel; (2) forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR (intended to be included into the PQR system), for which either more information is needed, or for which pathways do not at present exist, or whose host plants are not of importance for Central and Western Europe; (3a) less important (for non-European part of the EPPO region) pests which are present in Central/Western Europe; (3b) forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region; (4) pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritised; (5) first priority (for non-European part of the EPPO region) forest diseases; (6) forest diseases, for which more information is needed; (7a) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, but which are already present in other parts of the EPPO region; (7b) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region; (8) forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritised. The information is presented in the form of tables which, it is intended, will finally include all recorded forest pests. The data has been obtained mainly from a study of the major forestry publications in the Russian language, and continue by an analysis of regionally-oriented literature in order to ensure that those pests are included that may be of concern to only a relatively small part of this large geographic area or that may attack host plants of minor importance.

The further continuation of this programme will be to prioritize these pests into categories of importance as potential quarantine pests to the rest of EPPO region; thereafter, more detailed information will be collected about the priority pests in order to perform PRAs to decide whether these pests should be quarantine pests and what measures should be taken to prevent their introduction.

Structure of the table The table is arranged in order of the following pest groups, insects, mites, nematodes, fungi and bacteria, and then subdivided according to the taxonomy of the groups. It presents the identity of each pest, with the scientific name, (as verified by the Arthropod Name Index (ANI) data base of CABI, or the EPPO Plant Protection Thesaurus), as well as the name generally used in Soviet literature (placed in square brackets).

2

Information on distribution of the pest covers distribution in the former USSR and distribution in other countries. The distribution in the former USSR covers the fifteen Soviet Socialist Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan). In this report, because of its large geographic area, the Russian Federation is subdivided into the following arbitrary units, which do not correspond exactly with the administrative subdivisions 1 (see Figure 1):

1. North European Russia (N.E.Russia) – republics of Karelia and Komi; oblast’s of Arkhangel’sk and Murmansk; 2. Central European Russia (C.E.Russia) – republics of Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Maryi, Mordovia, Tatarstan and Udmurtia; oblast’s of Bryansk, Vladimir, Gor’ki, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kirov, Kostroma, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Moscow, Novgorod, Oryol, Penza, Perm’, Ryasan’, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula, Tver’, Ulianovsk, Vologda and Yaroslavl’; 3. South European Russia (S.E.Russia) – krays of Krasnodar and Stavropol’; republics of Chechnya, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia and North Ossetia; oblast’s of Astrakhan’, Belgorod, Kursk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Orenburg, Rostov, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd and Voronezh; 4. North – Western Siberia (N.W.Siberia) – north-west of Krasnoyarsk kray; north of Tyumen’ oblast’; 5. North – Eastern Siberia (N.E.Siberia) – republic of Sakha; north-east of Krasnoyarsk kray; 6. Southern Siberia (S.Siberia) – republic of Tuva; Altay kray, south of Krasnoyarsk kray; oblast’s of Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novossibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk and Tomsk; south of Tyumen’ oblast’; 7. Transbaikalia (Transbaik.) – republic of Buryatia; oblast’ of Chita; 8. North of the Russian Far East (N.FarEast) – oblast’s of Kamchatka and Magadan; 9. South of the Russian Far East (S.FarEast) – krays of Khabarovsk and Primorie; oblast’s of Amur and Sakhalin.

Also for convenience, some of the other Soviet Socialist Republics are grouped as follows: Baltic countries – 3 countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and Kaliningrad oblast' of Russia; Central Asia – 4 countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; Transcaucasus – 3 countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

The table contains a column giving the main host genera, in order of host importance, and a column with the parts of the host plants that are damaged by the pest (e.g. fruits, seeds, leaves, trunks and branches, roots, cut wood). Then the economic significance of the pest damage in the areas of origin is given according to the following broad categories: VH – very high; H – high; M – medium; L – low; VL – very low, often with a range (e.g. L – H) showing differences in importance in different parts of the region. If the pest is regarded as a quarantine pest in another part of the world, this is noted in the next column. Finally, the last column presents some remarks concerning damage, host plants or vector status.

1 Note that the Russian Federation is divided into territorial units each called either "republic", "oblast'" or "kray", the differences between these units depending on their level of autonomy. 3

Baltic countries + Kaliningrad RU LT LV EE BY MD N.E.Russia N.FarEast UA Black C.E.Russia Sea N.E.Siberia S.E.Russia N.W.Siberia RU Transcaucasus GE AM AZ S.Siberia Aral Caspian Sea KZ S.FarEast Sea Transbaik TM UZ

Central Asia TJ KG

Figure 1. The area of the former USSR. Countries are shown by their two-letter country codes: AM – Armenia; AZ – Azerbaijan; BY – Belarus; EE – Estonia; GE – Georgia; KG- Kyrgyzstan; KZ – Kazakhstan; LT – Lithuania; LV – Latvia; MD – Moldova; RU – Russian Federation; TJ – Tajikistan; TM – Turkmenistan; UA – Ukraine; UZ – Uzbekistan. For the purposes of displaying pest distribution in this project, the Russian Federation is divided into nine sub-units (as described in the text).

4 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

Table 1. Most important forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of their actual distribution for wich PRA has been conducted

Distribution Main host plants in the former Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries USSR parts of signifi- organisms America plants cance in the area of origin Insecta Coleoptera 1.1 Agrilus planipennis Buprestidae Not known, but Introduced: North-eastern Fraxinus americana, F. chinensis, Trunks M – H (= Agrilus feretrius according to Haack et al. Canada China (Jilin, F. japonica, F. lanunginosa, F. (under Obenberger = (2002 ) is present in the (Ontario: Liaoning, mandshuriana, F. mandshurica, bark) Agrilus marcopili Far East of Russia Essex Heilogjiang, Inner F. nigra, F. pennsylvanica, F. Obenberger = county), Mongolia, Hebei rhynchophylla, Juglans Agrilus marcopoli USA and Shandong mandshurica, Pterocarya ulmi Kurowasa) ** (Michigan: Provinces), Japan, rhoifolia, Ulmus davidiana and U. Livingston, Korea Republic, propinqua . No data is given on Macomb, Mongolia and the susceptibility of ash species Oakland, Taiwan commonly growing in Europe Monroe, (e.g. F. excelsior, F. angustifolia ). Washtenaw and Wayne counties; Ohio: Lucas county) 1.2 Melanophila Buprestidae Russia ( Eastern half of Absent Absent, Attacks mainly larch ( Larix Trunks M – VH guttulata Gebler (= European Russia, intercepted in sibirica , L. gmelinii and other (under Phaenops guttulatus Siberia, Transbaïkalia, 1985 in pine larch species), but also Abies (A. bark) Gebler = Phaenops Far East) wood ( Pinus sibirica, A. sp. ), Picea (P. abies, guttulata Gebler = sylvestris ) P. ajanensis, P. obovata, P. sp. ), Melanophila imported from Pinus ( P. sibirica, P. sylvestris, P. discopunctata Fald. = Russia to Finland sp. ) Melanophila fulvoguttata Kerr. = Phaenops fulvoguttata Jacobs.) * 5 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.3 Aeolesthes sarta Cerambycidae Turkmenistan, Absent India (Western Many species of Ulmus , Populus , Trunks M – VH Main Solsky ** Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Himalayas), Salix , Platanus , Malus , Prunus , (wood) damage – in Kyrgyzstan (south) Pakistan (north), Pyrus , Juglans , Quercus , Betula , mountains Afghanistan, Iran Fraxinus , Acer , Morus , Gleditsia , and in city Robinia , Elaeagnus and many plantations other hardwoods and fruit trees. Its preferred hosts are: Ulmus minor , Ulmus pumila , Populus diversifolia , Populus euphratica , Populus talassica , Populus alba , Populus X euroamericana , Salix acmophylla , Salix turanica , Salix aongarica , Platanus orientalis , Platanus acerifolia , Malus pumila and Juglans regia . 1.4 [Corymbia Cerambycidae Russia ( Transbaikalia, Absent Northern China, All available of conifer species, Trunks VL – L succedanea L. (= South Far East) Japan, Koreas but prefers Pinus koraiensis, (wood) Leptura succedanea Pinus pumila and Picea species L. = Anoplodera (P. abies, P. ajanensis, P. succedanea Lew.) ] * obovata, P. sp. )

1.5 Dokhtouroffia (= Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan; Absent Absent Spruce and fir, especially Picea Trunks L – M Dokhturovia = Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan schrenkiana and Abies semenovii (wood) Dochturovia ) baeckmanni Yankovskii *

1.6 Hesperophanes Cerambycidae Armenia (recently), Absent Japan, Northern Attacks Malus (M. domestica, M. L – H campestris southern Kazakhstan, China, Northern sp. ), Morus , Sorbus (= (= Trichoferus Kyrgyzstan, Russia Korea, northern Micromeles) alnifolia, Astragalus, campestris (south-east of European Mongolia Gleditsia, Salix, Betula, Faldermann = part - recently, Broussonetia papirifera and other Trichoferus Transbaikalia, Eastern fruit and deciduous trees, turkestanicus Heyden Siberia, Far East), preferring mainly Malus and = Trichoferus Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Morus , may attack cut wood of flavopubescens Picea ( P. schrenkiana ) and Pinus Kolbe = Trichoferus rusticus Ganglbauer) ** 1.7 Monochamus Cerambycidae N.E.Russia (East), Absent Northern Attacks all available species of Trunks L – M impluviatus C.E.Russia (East), Mongolia; coniferous in its natural area (wood) Motschulsky * N.E.Siberia, N.W. Northern China; (Larix , Pinus , Picea , Abies and Siberia, S.Siberia, Japan; Korea others), but prefers Larix ( L. Transbaikalia, S.Far gmelinii, L. sibirica, L. sp. ) and East Pinus sibirica

6 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.8 Tetropium Cerambycidae N.E. Siberia (introduced Absent Northern China, All available species of spruce, Trunks L – H gracilicorne Reitter to Kamchatka where it northern Japan fir, larch and pine, but prefers (under ** spread rapidly and is (Hokkaido, Larix gmelinii , Larix sibirica, bark) now an important pest), Honshu), northern Pinus sibirica, P. koraiensis, P. N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia, Mongolia, sylvestris, Abies nephrolepis, S. Far East, Kazakhstan Koreas. In 1998 Picea ajanensis intercepted in Austria in larch wood originating from Siberia 1.9 Tetropium Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Absent Northwestern Attacks spruce, especially Picea Trunks L – M staudingeri Pic. (= Uzbekistan China schrenkiana . Many authors note (under Tetropium only Picea schrenkiana as a host bark) tjanshanicum plant Semenov = Tetropium staudingeri Plavilstshikov) * 1.10 [Turcmenigena (= Cerambycidae Kazakhstan, Absent Absent Attacks mainly saxauls, especially Trunks L – M Turkmenigena ) Turkmenistan, Haloxylon aphyllum and H. and roots varentzovi Uzbekistan persicum , but also Salsola , (under Melgunov ] * especially S. richteri bark) 1.11 Xylotrechus altaicus Cerambycidae N. E. Siberia, N. W. Absent Northern Attacks only larch: Larix sibirica, Trunks L – H Gebler (= Xyloclytus Siberia, S. Siberia, N. Mongolia L. gmelinii, L. olgensis, L. (wood) altaicus Gebler) ** Far East, Transbaïkalia, kamtschatica, L. x maritima and S. Far East other larch species present in its natural range 1.12 Xylotrechus Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Absent Afghanistan, Juglans , Prunus , Malus , Morus , Trunks L – H namanganensis Tajikistan, China, possibly Crataegus , Elaeagnus , Populus , (wood) Heyden ** Turkmenistan, Iran Ulmus , Celtis , Salix , Betula, Uzbekistan. Alnus, Platanus, other deciduous trees 1.13 Agelastica alni Chrysomelidae Kazakhstan (South- Absent China, Iran, Attacks Salix, Populus (P. alba, Leaves L – M Main orientalis Baly (= A. East); Kyrgyzstan; possibly P. sp. ), Prunus dulcis, Malus and damage - to orientalis Baly) * Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan Betula young trees Turkmenistan

1.14 Hylobius albosparsus Curculionidae Russia (North-East of Absent China, Japan, Attacks all available species of Trunks L – M Boheman * the European part, Korea, Mongolia conifers within its natural range, (under Siberia, Transbaikalia, but prefers Larix ( L. gmelinii, L. bark) Far East, including sibirica, L. lubarskii, L. olgensis, Sakhalin, Kamchatka L. sp. ), Pinus (P. sibirica, P. and Magadan) sylvestris, P. sp. ) and Picea ( P. abies, P. obovata, P. sp. ) 1.15 Polyphylla (= Scarabaeidae C.E.Russia, S.E.Russia, Absent Northern and Feeds on roots of many plants Roots L – M Main Xerasiobia ) alba S. Siberia; Azerbaijan, central China including forest trees. Among damage – to Pallas (= Polyphylla Armenia, Georgia, (Djungaria, Gobi agricultural crops, the most often young hololeuca Pallas) * Kazakhstan, North of desert, Guansi), damages roots of fruit trees, grape plantations Turkmenistan, Mongolia wine, potato, beet and strawberry Uzbekistan, Ukraine 7 Table 1. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 1.16 Ips golovjankoi Scolytidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia Absent Northern China, Attacks pine, especially Pinus Trunks VL – L Pjatnitzkii (East), Transbaik.; S. northern Japan, koraiensis, P. sibirica and P. x (under (Orthotomicus Far East northern Korea funebris , and spruce, especially bark) golovjankoi Picea ajanensis and P. obovata Pjatnitzkii) * 1.17 Ips hauseri Reitter ** Scolytidae S. Siberia (Altai Kray); Absent Absent Attacks spruce, pine and larch, Trunks M – H Main Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, especially Picea schrenkiana, (under damage – to Tajikistan Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris bark) forests in and Pinus pallasiana mountains

1.18 Ips spessivtsevi Scolytidae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Absent Absent Attacks spruce, especially Picea Trunks M – H Lebedev (= Tadjikistan schrenkiana (under Pityogenes bark) spessivtsevi Lebedev = Pityogenes perfosus Bees.) * 1.19 Ips subelongatus Scolytidae Russia (north-east of Absent Northern Attacks mainly larch: Larix Trunks L – H Motschulsky (= Ips European Russia, all Mongolia; sibirica , L. gmelinii , L. olgensis , (under fallax Egg.) ** Siberia, Transbaikalia Northern China and other larch species, but also bark) and Far East) Pinus ( P. sylvestris, P. sibiricus , P. koraiensis ), Picea , Abies and other coniferous present in its natural range 1.20 Scolytus morawitzi Scolytidae Russia (centre and north Absent Northern Attacks mainly larch: L. gmelinii , Trunks L – M Semenow of European Russia, Mongolia L. olgensis , L. kamtschatica , Larix (under (= Eccoptogaster Southern Siberia, south sibirica , L. x maritima and other bark) morawitzi Semenow of N. E. Siberia, south of larch species present in its natural = Scolytus pini N. W. Siberia, range, but also Pinus sibiricus, P. Eggers) ** Transbaikalia, Far East) koraiensis and other coniferous

8 Table 1. INSECTS DIPTERA & HOMOPTERA Diptera 1.21 Strobilomyia [ = Anthomyiidae S. Far East Absent Northeastern Larix gmelini , L. olgensis , and L. Cones and M - H Lasiomma] China cajanderi seeds luteoforceps Fan & Fang (= Lasiomma jurtschenkoi Elberg)* 1.22 Strobilomyia viaria Anthomyiidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia Widespread Northeastern Attacks cones of larch species: Cones and M – H Data of Dr. Huckett (= Lasiomma (Baikal area), in Western (Lianoning, Jilin, Larix gmelini , L. olgensis , L. seeds Alain melaniola Fan. = Transbaikalia, N. Far Canada and Heilongjiang principis-rupprechti , and L. Roques Strobilomyia East (Kamtchatka) USA Inner Mongolia) cajanderi melaniola Fan.) ** and Central China 1.23 Cecidomyia pumila Cecidomyiidae N. Far East Absent China Pinus pumila, may also Cones and M-H Data of Dr. Mamaev* occasionnally infest Pinus sibirica Seeds Alain Roques 1.24 Resseliella ingrica Cecidomyiidae C. E. Russia (Leningrad Absent Absent Infests cones of spruce, Picea Cones and M - H Data of Dr. Mamaev (= region), S. Siberia abies and P. obovata seeds Alain Thomasiniana (Krasnoyarsk territory) Roques ingrica Mamaev) * Homoptera 1.25 Adelges lapponicus Adelgidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Estonia (in parks), Prefers Picea abies but may Young L – M Main Kholodkovskii (= Russia; Baltic countries; Finland, develop on P. obovata, P. glauca, sprouts damage - Chermes lapponicus Belarus Kyrgyzstan P. mariana, P. schrenkiana, P. and to young trees in var. praecox (introduced) pungens, P. ajanensis and other needles plantations Kholodkovskii = spruce species and Adelges laplanicus nurseries Kholodkovskii) * 1.26 Ceroplastes Coccidae S. E. Russia Not yet China, Japan, Damages 95 to 121 plant species, Trunks, L – H Coccidae japonicus Green (= (introduced); checked Republic Korea, prefers Laurus nobilis , Diospyros leaves & Cerostegia japonicus Transcaucasus, New Zealand, kaki , Camellia sinensis and Morus branches Green = Ceroplastes Azerbaijan (introduced), Great Britain spp. Less preferable are Prunus floridensis Comst . = Georgia including (introduced), laurocerasus , Citrus reticulata, Ceroplastes Adzharia and Abkhasia south-eastern Citrus unshiu and some other floridensis var. (introduced), China, France Citrus spp., then come Malus japonicus Green) * Japan, Republic of (introduced), Italy spp., Magnolia spp., Poncirus Korea (introduced), trifoliata , Camellia spp., Slovenia Pittosporum , Crataegus spp. (introduced) 1.27 Ceroplastes sinensis Coccidae Southern Russia Mexico, Algeria, Australia, Damages 30 to 137 species of Trunks, L – H Coccidae Del Guercio * (introduced); Azerbai jan USA Benin, Brazil, plants. It prefers different Citrus leaves & (introduced), Georgia China, Cot species (especially Citrus branches including Adzharia and d’Ivoire, Egypt, sinensis ), Punica granatum , Abkhasia (introduced), France, Hawaii, Laurus nobilis , Diospyros kaki , Tajikistan (introduced), India, Iran, Italy, Camellia sinensis, Eriobotrya Uzbekistan (introduced) Japan, Morocco, japonica, Juglans regia, Prunus Mozambique, persica, Pyrus spp. and many New Zealand, other plants. On herbaceous Portugal, Spain, plants, the pest may develop only Syria, Togo, larvae of the first and the second Tunisia, Turkey, stages. Viet Nam 9 Table 1. INSECTS HOMOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA & ISOPTERA

1.28 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae Russia (South of the Far Not known Northern China, Polyphagous pest, damaging Trunks & L – M Main ussuriensis East and Sakhalin) Japan (Hokkaido, Ulmus, Alnus, Malus, Populus, branches damage - Borchsenius (= Honshu) Betula, Euonymus, Syringa, and (on the to young Paralepidosaphes many other plants bark) plants ussuriensis Borchsenius) ** Hymenoptera 1.29 Dryocosmus Cynipidae Absent USA. (south China, Italy Attacks Castanea crenata , C. Twigs & L – M east: (Piedmont region, dentata , C. mollissima , C. sativa nuts (= Biorhiza ) Georgia, South of Cuneo and their hybrids. Infests also C. kuriphilus Alabama, province) Japan, seguinii in China, but not yet Yasumatsu ** North Korea other wild North American Carolina and species of Castanea : C. pumila Tennessee) and C. alnifolia , which are often grown adjacent to infested chestnuts 1.30 Sirex ermak Siricidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Absent Not known. Attacks several species of Larix Trunks VL – M Siberia, S. Siberia, Possibly northern (L. gmelinii, L. sibirica , preferred (wood) Semenov-Tian- Transbaikalia, S. Far Mongolia and hosts, L. sp .), Picea ( P. ajanensis, Shanskii (= Paururus East (including Sakhalin northern China P. obovata, P. sp. ), Pinus (P. ermak Semenov) ** island) sibirica, P. sp.) and Abies ( A. sibirica, A. sp. ) Isoptera 1.31 Anacanthotermes (= Termitidae Kyrgyzstan, southern Absent Iran Attacks all available kinds of Wood M – H Main Hodotermes = Kazakhstan, wood (coniferous and deciduous) damage - Acanthotermes) Tajikistan, paper and cardboard, cotton to ahngerianus Turkmenistan, textile and other materials telegraph- Jacobson * Uzbekistan containing cellulose; also may poles, wood damage plastic materials: peno- in polyurethane, polyethylene, foam buildings, plastic, glass-fibre plastics, etc. etc. Known to damage seeds and plants of Haloxylon sp., Salsola (S. richteri, S. gemmascens, S. arbuscula, S. dendroides, S. sp.), Artemisia ( A. harba alba, A. kemrudica, A. sp.), Alhagi persarum , Lagonychium farctum , Gossypium sp., Ephedra strobilacea , Astrogalus unifoliolatus, Euclidium syriacum, Carex pachistilis , Koelpinia linearis , Lepidium perfoliatum , Reaumuria sp., Malcolmia sp., Alyssum sp., Gramineae , and some other

10 Table 1. INSECTS ISOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

1.32 Anacanthotermes (= Termitidae Tajikistan, Absent Iran Attacks all available kinds of Wood M – H Main Hodotermes = Turkmenistan, wood (coniferous and deciduous) damage - Acanthotermes) Uzbekistan paper and cardboard, cotton to turkestanicus textile and other materials telegraph- Jacobson * containing cellulose; also may pol es, wood damage plastic materials: peno- in polyurethane, polyethylene, foam buildings, plastic, glass-fibre plastics, etc. etc. Known to damage seeds and plants of Salsola dendroides and S. sp., Alchagi persarum , Morus alba , Vitis vinifera , Malus domestica , Gleditsia , Gramineae , cotton and some other Lepidoptera 1.33 Coleophora dahurica Coleophoridae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia Absent China, Mongolia Attacks larch, especially Larix Needles L – M Fal'kovich * (East), Transbaik., N. gmelinii, L. sibirica and L. Far East, S. Far East olgensis 1.34 Erannis jacobsoni Geometridae N.E. Siberia (South), S. Absent Mongolia Attacks only larch, especially Leaves L – H Diakonoff (= Siberia (East), Larix gmelinii and Larix sibirica Hybernia jacobsoni Transbaik., N. Far East, Diakonoff * S. Far East (South) 1.35 Phyllonorycter (= Gracillariidae C. E. Russia Absent Korea, Japan, Make plicated mines in the lower Leaves L – H Main Lithocolletis = (introduced), S. E. Lithuania side of leaves of Tilia cordata damage – in Phyllorycter ) issikii Russia (introduced), S. (introduced), (preferred host), T. amurensis, T. city Kumata * Far East; Ukraine Czekia mandshurica, T. maximowicziana plantations (introduced) (introduced), and other Tilia, but also Betula Germany platyphylla (introduced), Austria (introduced), Poland (introduced) 1.36 Dendrolimus Lasiocampidae N.E.Russia, C.E. Russia, Absent Northern China; Attacks more than 20 species of Needles H – VH sibiricus N.E.Siberia, N.W. Korea Democratic Abies , Pinus , Larix , Picea and Tschetverikov (= D. Siberia, S. Siberia, People's Republic, Tsuga . Develops on practically all superans sibiricus Transbaik., N. Far East, Korea Republic; coniferous species in its natural Tschetverikov) (= D. S. Far East; Kazakhstan Northern area but prefers Abies sibirica , laricis Mongolia Abies nephrolepis , Pinus sibirica , Tschetverikov) ** Pinus koraiensis , Larix gmelinii , Larix sibirica , Picea ajanensis , Picea obovata

11 Table 1. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

1.37 Dendrolimus Lasiocampidae S. Far East (Sakhalin, Absent Korea; Japan Attacks many species of Abies , Needles H – VH superans Butler (= Kuril islands) Pinus , Larix , Picea and Tsuga . D. superans Develops on practically all albolineatus Butler = coniferous species in its natural Dendrolimus area but prefers Pinus pumila, albolineatus Larix kamtschatica, Larix Matsumura = maritima, Picea ajanensis and Dendrolimus Abies sachalinensis jezoensis Matsumura = Dendrolimus yezoensis Matsumura = Odonestis superans Butler ) ** 1.38 Malacosoma Lasiocampidae Armenia, eastern Absent Northern Iran, Atraphaxis pyrifolia, Berberis Leaves L – M parallela Kaz akhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Turkey integerrima, Cerasus verrucosa, Staudinger ** Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Chaenomeles japonica, and Turkmenistan. Cotoneaster acutiuscula, C. insignis, C. suavis, Crataegus hissarica, C. pontica, C. turkestanica, Cydonia oblonga, Fraxinus sogdiana, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Lonicera korolkowii, L. nummulariifolia, Malus domestica, M. sieversii, Myricaria bracteata, Populus alba, P. tremula, Prunus mahaleb, P. avium, P. armeniaca, P. bucharica, P. cerasus, P. divaricata, P. dulcis, P. padus var. pubescens, P. persica, Pyrus communis, Quercus boissieri, Q. macranthera, Q. robur subsp. robur, Ribes nigrum, R. rubrum, Rosa canina, R. corymbifera, R. kokanica, R. maracandica, Rubus idaeus, R. turkestanicus, Salix excelsa, S. tenuijulis, Sorbus persica, S. turkestanica and Ulmus sp. The most important damage occurs on almond , oak and wild apple trees. Important damage also occurs on Berberis, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Salix and Sorbus species. Other plants are damaged occasionally 12 Table 1. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 1.39 Dasychira Lymantriidae N.E.Siberia (south), Absent north of Attacks several species of Larix Needles L – M albodentata Bremer N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia Mongolia, north (mainly Larix gmelinii ), Pinus * (east), Transbaïkalia, S. of China (mainly Pinus sylvestris, Pinus Far East pumila and Pinus koraiensis ) and some other coniferous. Preferred hosts are Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris 1.40 Euproctis (= Lymantriidae S. Siberia (Altai Kray) ; Absent Iran, China Acer campestre, A. regelii, A. Leaves L – M Porthesia) kargalika Kazakhstan, (north-west) tataricum, A. turkestanicum, Moore (=Euproctis Kyrgyzstan, Alhagi sp ., Atraphaxis pyrifolia, karghalica Moore = Uzbekistan, Tajikistan Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Porthesia karghalika and Turkmenistan Caragana arborescens, Cerasus Strand = Euproctis verrucosa, Cotoneaster kargalica Grum- acutiuscula, C . insignis, C. suavis, Grzhimailo = Crataegus turcestanica, Cydonia Porthesia oblonga, Elaeagnus angustifolia, flavosulphurea Fragaria sp ., Hippophae Grum-Grzhimailo) rhamnoides, Irga sp., Malus * domestica, M. sieversii, Pistacia vera, Prunus armeniaca, P. avium, P. bucharica, P. cerasus, P. divaricata, P. dulcis, P. mahaleb, P. persica, Punica granatum, Pyrus bucharica, P. communis, Quercus sp., Rhucs coriaria, Ribes nigrum, R. rubrum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, R. corymbifera, R. kokanica, R. maracandica, Rubus caesius, R. idaeus, Rumex sp., Salix excelsa, S. tenuijulis, Spirea hypericifolia, Ulmus effusa, Ulmus foliacea var . campestris. Other plants are damaged occasionally 1.41 Lymantria Lymantriidae S. Far East (South) Absent China (Western Attacks many species of Quercus , Leaves L – M (= Porthetria = and Northern), Juglans , Malus , Ulmus , Tilia , Ocneria ) mathura India (Northern), Salix , Betula , Castanea and other Moore (= Lymantria Nepal, Japan, deciduous trees. Preferred hosts aurora Butler = Koreas, Pakistan are: Juglans mandshurica , Malus Lymantria fusca mandshurica , Quercus mongolica , Leech = Lymantria Quercus dentata, Ulmus japonica, mathura aurora Ulmus macrocarpa, Ulmus Butler) ** pumila, Tilia amurensis, Tilia mandshurica, Tilia pekinensis, Tilia taquetii 13 Table 1. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 1.42 Erschoviella Noctuidae Southern Kazakhstan, Absent Probably Wild and cultivated varieties Leaves, L - M (= Sarrothripus = Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Juglans regia sprouts & Nycteola ) musculana Tajikistan, Iran nuts Ershov ** Turkmenistan Kazakhstan; Central Asia 1.43 Sphinx (= Hyloicus) Sphingidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Absent China, Japan Attacks mainly larch ( Larix Needles L – M morio Rotsch. et Jord Siberia, S. Siberia, N. sibirica , L. gmelinii and other (= H. laricis Rozh.) * Far East , S . Far East, larch species) and Pinus ( Pinus Kazakhstan sylvestris , P. sibiricus , P. koraiensis ). 1.44 Cydia (=Laspeyresia Tortricidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Attacks cones of larch, especially Cones and M – H = Grapholitha ) Siberia, S. Siberia, Larix gmelinii and L. sibirica , seeds illutana ssp Transbaikalia spruce, especially Picea obovata , dahuricolana fir and other coniferous Kuznetsov *

______* - species for which PRA was provided by the Panel but not recommended for inclusion into the EPPO lists ** - species for which PRA was provided by the Panel and recommended for inclusion into the EPPO lists

14 Table 2. MITES & INSECTS ACARI &COLEOPTERA

Table 2. Transition table: Forest pests to be included into the PQR system causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, for which either more information is needed, or for which pathways do not at present exist, or whose host plants are not of importance for Central and Western Europe

Distribution Main host plants in the former Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other USSR parts of signifi- organisms America countries plants cance in the area of origin Acari (Arachnida) 2.1 Trisetacus Phytoptidae Armenia (introduced), Absent Absent Juniperus semiglobosa, J. sabina, Seeds L - H kirghisorum (Acariformes, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, J. turkestanica, J. foetidissima, J. Shevchenko Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, polycarpos Tetrapodili) Uzbekistan Insecta Coleoptera 2.2 Dinoderus minutus Bostrichidae Ukraine (Crimea, In tropical Cosmopolitan in All deciduous and coniferous Wood L – M Main Fabr. introduced) regions tropical regions wood damage – to wood in buildings 2.3 [Enneadesmus Bostrichidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Absent All deciduous and coniferous Wood, L – M Main scopini Fursov. ] Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan wood & Elaeagnus angustifolia, branches damage – to & Kazakhstan E. orientalis of wood in Elaeagnus buildings 2.4 Psoa dubia ? Bostrichidae Ukraine (Crimea, Not known Not yet checked All deciduous and coniferous Wood L – M Main introduced) wood & Vitis vinifera damage – to wood in buildings 2.5 Xylogenes dilatatus Bostrichidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Syria, Iran Tamarix ( T. laxa, T. ramosissima, Wood, L – M Main Rtt. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan T. hispida, T. pallasii, T. under bark damage – to & Kazakhstan arceuthoides ) and other deciduous wood in buildings

2.6 Agrilus graminis C. Buprestidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Absent Italy, Bulgaria Quercus cerris, Quercus sp., Trunks L G (= A. disparicornis Baltic countries; Belarus; Castanea sativa, Rosa (under Bed.) Moldova; Ukraine; damascena , other plants bark) Transcaucasus 2.7 Agrilus hastulifer Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Italy Quercus sp. Trunks L Ratz. S.E. Russia; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; bark) Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 2.8 Anthaxia (= Buprestidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Absent Juniperus sabina, J. turcomanica, Trunks L – H Melanthaxia) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Juniperus sp. (under conradti Semenov (mainly mountains) bark)

15 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

2.9 Anthaxia manca L. Buprestidae S. E. Russia, Azerebaijan, Absent Algeria, Austria, Ulmus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Trunks VL – M (= Cratomerus Armenia, Estonia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Populus tremula, Rhamnus alaternus (under mancus L = Georgia, Moldova, Latvia, Croatia, Czekia, bark) Trichocratomerus Lithuania, Ukraine France, Germany, mancus L) Hungary, Italy, Iran, Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey 2.10 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Absent West of Ulmus sp., Salix alba Trunks VL – M Trichocratomerus) Ukraine Mediterranean (under aurulentus F. (= region, south- bark) Anthaxia aurulenta eastern and F.) eastern Europe 2.11 Lampra mirifica Buprestidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia Absent Mediterranean Ulmus Trunks L – M Mulsant ; Baltic countries; region (under Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus 2.12 Monochamus grandis Cerambycidae S. Far East (Kurile Absent Japan Pinus koraiensis, P. parviflora, P. Trunks L – H Waterhouse islands: Kunashir, pumila, P. funebris, Abies (wood) Shikotan) sachalinensis, A. holophylla, A. nephrolepis, A. mariesii, A. firma, Picea ajanensis, P. glehnii, P. koraiensis, Tsuga sp. , other conif. 2.13 Monochamus nitens Cerambycidae S. Far East (Sakhalin, Absent China (North), Picea ajanensis, P. glehnii, P. Trunks L – M Bates Kunashir) Japan koraiensis, Pinus koraiensis, P. (wood) parviflora, P. pumila, P. funebris, Abies mariesii, A. firma, Larix leptolepis 2.14 Semanotus semenovi Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Absent Absent Juniperus semiglobosa, J. polycarpa, Trunks L – M Okunev Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan J. sabina, J. turcomanica, , J. (wood) turkestanica, J. foetidissima, J. sp. 2.15 Pissodes cembrae Curculionidae S. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Absent Northern China; Pinus sibirica (preferred host) , P. Trunks L – H Motsch. N. Far East, S. Far East Japan koraiensis, P. pumila, P. sp. , Larix and roots sp. , Picea sp. , Abies sp. (under bark), twigs (at the additional feeding) 2.16 [Pissodes gallosi ? Curculionidae S. Far East No data No data Pinus, other coniferous Trunks L (= P. galloisi)] and roots (under bark) 16 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.17 [Pissodes insignitus Curculionidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Absent Absent Pinus sibirica, P. pumila, Larix Trunks L – M Boh. (= P. Transbaik., N. Far East, S. gmelinii , Larix sibirica , Larix sp. (under insignatus)] Far East bark) 2.18 Pissodes irroratus Curculionidae N.E. Siberia, N. Far East, Absent Absent Pinus sibirica, P. pumila, Larix Trunks L – M Reiit . S. Far East gmelinii , Larix sibirica , Larix sp. , (under Abies sp., other coniferous bark) 2.19 Pissodes (=P. strobi Curculionidae S. Far East Canada, Japan, South Pinus funebris, P. koraiensis, P. sp. , Trunks L – M Say. ) nemorensis USA Africa Picea (under Germ . bark) 2.20 Pissodes nitidus Curculionidae N. Far East, S. Far East Absent Japan, China Pinus funebris, P. sylvestris, P. Trunks L – M Roel. densiflora, P. koraiensis, P. sp. (under bark) 2.21 Agriotes gurgistanus Elateridae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Absent Balcanians; Deciduous, coniferous and other Roots L – M Main Faldermann Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Turkey, south- plants, mainly agricultural crops damage - Turkmenistan eastern Europe (cereals, etc.) to young plants and in nurseries

2.22 Selatosomus latus F Elateridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Absent Central and Deciduous, coniferous and other Roots L – M Main S. Siberia (West), southern Europe, plants, mainly agricultural crops damage - tn Transbaik., S. Far East; China, Iran, (sugarbeet, cereals, vegetables, etc.) young Baltic countries; Belarus; Japan, Mongolia, except tomato and cabbage plants and Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey in nurseries Transcaucasus 2.23 Lethrus apterus Geotrupidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Absent China, Deciduous, coniferous and other Roots L – M Main Laxmann Baltic countries; Belarus; Netherlands plants, mainly agricultural crops damage - to Moldova; Ukraine, young Tadjikistan plants and in nurseries

2.24 [Carphoborus Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L jurinskii Eggers ] Siberia, S. Siberia (under bark) 2.25 [Cryphalus (=C. Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent Absent Abies nephrolepis (preferred host), Trunks VL – L punctulatus Eggers ) Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Pinus pumila, Picea sp. (under kurenzovi Stark ] bark) 2.26 Cryphalus latus Scolytidae Transbaik., S. Far East Absent North-west China Larix gmelinii, Larix olgensis Trunks VL – L Eggers (including Sakhalin) (preferred hosts) , Picea ajanensis, (under Picea obovata, Abies nephrolepis, bark) Abies holophylla 2.27 Cryphalus orientalis Scolytidae Transcaucasus Absent Absent Abies nordmanniana, Picea Trunks & L – M Main Eggers orientalis, other coniferous branches damage – to (under young trees bark) 17 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.28 Cryphalus piceus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North-east China, Picea ajanensis, P. obovata, P. Trunks VL – L Eggers Sakhalin) Japan koraiensis (preferred hosts) , Abies (under nephrolepis, A. holophylla (preferred bark) hosts) , Pinus funebris, Larix gmelinii, Larix olgensis 2.29 Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North-east China, Abies nephrolepis, A. holophylla Trunks VL – L redikorzevi Berger Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Koreas (preferred hosts) , Abies spp., Picea (under spp. bark) 2.30 [Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Picea ajanensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L sichotensis Kur. ] (including Sakhalin) Picea spp. (under bark) 2.31 [Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Abies spp. Trunks VL – L ussuriensis Eggers ] (under bark) 2.32 Crypturgus tuberosus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Northern Japan Picea ajanensis (preferred host) , P. Trunks VL – L Niis . (including Sakhalin) glehnii, Pinus pumila, P. koraiensis (under bark) 2.33 Dryocoetes abietinus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Japan Abies sachalinensis, A. nephrolepis, Trunks VL – L Kono et Tamanuki (= A. holophylla (under D. striatus Eggers) bark) 2.34 Dryocoetes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Absent Mongolia Larix sibirica, L. gmelinii, L. Trunks VL – L baicalicus Reitter coniferous area plgensis, (preferred hosts) , Larix (under (=D. budkovi Sem. ) spp., Pinus korajensis, P. sibirica, bark) Pinus spp., Abies nephrolepis, A. holophylla, Abies spp. 2.35 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L orientalis Kur.] Pinus spp., Abies spp. (under bark) 2.36 [Dryocoetes pini Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Japan Pinus pumila (preferred host) , Pinus Trunks VL – L Niijima] spp., Larix spp., Abies spp., Picea (under spp. bark) 2.37 Dryocoetes rugicollis Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North-east China, Picea obovata (preferred host) , Picea Trunks VL – L Eggers Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Japan spp., Abies nephrolepis, Abies spp. (under bark) 2.38 [Hylurgops imitator Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent China, Koreas, Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L Reitter] Siberia, N. Far East, S. Japan Pinus spp., Picea ajanensis, Picea (under Far East spp., Larix spp. bark) 2.39 [Hylurgops Scolytidae S. Far East, N.E. Siberia Absent Absent Pinus korajensis, Abies holophylla Trunks VL – L interstitialis (introduced) (preferred hosts) , Abies nephrolepis, (under Chapuis] Abies spp., Pinus funebris, Pinus bark) spp., Picea ajanensis, Picea spp. 2.40 Hylurgops longipilis Scolytidae N. Far East (introduced), Absent Absent Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L Reitt. S. Far East (including Pinus spp., Larix gmelinii, Larix (under Sakhalin) spp., Picea ajanensis, Picea spp. bark) 18 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.41 Hylurgops palliatus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent W. Europe, Japan, Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L Gyll. (= H. parvus Russia, N. W. Siberia, N. Koreas, China Pinus sibirica, P. pumila, Pinus spp., (under Eggers = H. helferi E. Siberia, S. Far East Picea spp. bark) Villa) (Primorie) (including Sakhalin & Kuril islands); Kazakhstan 2.42 [Hylurgops Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent North-east China Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , P. Trunks VL – L spessivtzevi Eggers Siberia, N. Far East, S. sylvestris, Pinus spp. , Picea obovata, (under (= H. tuberculatus = Far East (including Picea spp., Larix gmelinii, Larix spp. bark) H. transbaicalicus )] Sakhalin) 2.43 [Hylurgops starki Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Finland, Sweden Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris Trunks VL – L Eggers (= H. Russia, N.W. Siberia (preferred hosts) , Picea spp., Pinus (under cunicularius)] spp. , Larix spp. bark) 2.44 [Ips ussuriensis Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Pinus spp. , Picea spp. , Abies spp. , Trunks L – M Reitter] Larix spp. (under bark) 2.45 Phloeosinus turce- Scolytidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus pseudosabina, J. Trunks L – H stranicus Semenov polycarpos, J excelsa, J. communis, (under Juniperus spp. bark) 2.46 [Phloeotribus Scolytidae S.E. Russia; Baltic Absent Absent Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus spp. Trunks L caucasicus Reitter] countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Central Asia 2.47 [Pityogenes aizawai Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Absent Picea spp. , Abies spp. Trunks VL – L Kôno] (under bark) 2.48 [Pityogenes Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Japan Pinus pumila, Pinus spp. , Picea Trunks L foveolatus Eggers] Siberia, S. Siberia, ajanensis, Picea spp. (under Transbaik., N. Far East, S. bark) Far East 2.49 [Pityogenes rudnevi Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Picea spp. Trunks VL – L Sok .] (under bark) 2.50 [Pityogenes Scolytidae S. Far East Absent Koreas, northern Picea ajanensis, Picea obovata Trunks VL – L seirindensis Japan (preferred hosts) , Picea spp., Abies (under Murayama] nephrolepis, Abies spp. bark) 2.51 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Koreas, Japan Picea ajanensis (preferred host) , Trunks VL – L jucundus Blandford] Picea spp., Pinus spp. (under bark) 2.52 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Primorie) Absent Absent Abies holophylla, Abies nephrolepis, Trunks VL – L kurenzovi Abies spp. (under Krivolutskaja ( = P. bark) abietis Kurentzov = P. sibiricus Nunberg)] 2.53 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Absent Picea abies, Picea obovata, Picea Trunks VL – L lapponicus Stark] Russia, S. Far East spp. (under bark) 19 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.54 [Pityophthorus pini Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Pinus sibirica, P. koraiensis, Pinus Trunks VL – L Kurentzov] Siberia, S. Siberia, N. Far spp. , Picea spp. (under East, S. Far East bark) 2.55 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae C. E. Russia (Tambov) Absent Absent Pinus sylvestris, Pinus spp. Trunks VL – L rossicus Eggers] (under bark) 2.56 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Absent Absent Abies sachalinensis, Abies spp. Trunks VL – L sachalinensis Kriv.] (under bark) 2.57 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Picea ajanensis, Picea spp. Trunks VL – L sichotensis Siberia, S. Siberia, S. Far (under Kurentzov] East bark) 2.58 Polygraphus gracilis Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent Japan Picea ajanensis, Picea glehnii, Picea Trunks VL – L Niijima Sakhalin & Kuril islands) spp., Abies sachalinensis, Abies spp. (under bark) 2.59 Polygraphus griseus Scolytidae N. E. Russia (Kolsk Absent Sweden, Finland Picea obovata, Picea spp. Trunks VL – L Eggers peninsula) (under bark) 2.60 Polygraphus Scolytidae N. Far East, S. Far East Absent Japan Picea ajanensis, Picea glehnii, Picea Trunks VL – L jezoensis Niijima (including Sakhalin) spp., Pinus spp. (under bark) 2.61 Polygraphus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent North Korea, Abies holophylla, A. sachalinensis, A. Trunks L – M pro ximus Blandford Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Japan, China nephrolepis (preferred hosts) , A. (under (= P. abietis spp., Pinus koraiensis, Pinus spp., bark) Kurentzov = P. Picea ajanensis, Picea spp., Tsuga laticollis Eggers = P. spp. miser Blandford) 2.62 Polygraphus Scolytidae N.E. Siberia, N. Far East, Absent Japan, Koreas, Picea ajanensis, P. koraiensis Trunks VL – L subopacus Thoms ( = S. Far East (including Mongolia, Europe (preferred hosts) , P. spp., Pinus spp. (under P. sachalinensis Sakhalin & Kuril islands) bark) Egg ers ) 2.63 Pteleobius kraatzi Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Absent Southern and Ulmus campestris, U. effusa, U. Trunks VL – L Eichhoff Baltic countries; Belarus; central Europe, montana, Ulmus spp., Sorbus (under Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey aucuparia, Sorbus spp. bark) Transcaucasus 2.64 Pteleobius vittatus F Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Absent Southern and Ulmus campestris, U. effusa, U. Trunks VL – L Belarus; Ukraine; central Europe, montana, U. pumila, Ulmus spp. (under Transcaucasus Turkey bark) 2.65 Scolytoplatypus Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent China, Japan, Picea ajanensis, P. spp., Abies Trunks L – M tycon Blandford Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Koreas holophylla, A. spp., Pinus koraiensis, (under P. spp., Juglans mandshurica, J. bark) spp., Populus tremula, P. spp., Fraxinus mandshurica, F. spp., Phellodendron amurense, Acer mandshuricum, A. mono, A. pictum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. barbinerve, Acer spp., Lindera thunbergi , Alnus hirsuta, Alnus spp. 20 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 2.66 [Scolytus amurensis Scolytidae S. Siberia (East), Absent Absent Betula verrucosa, B. costata, B. Trunks L – M Eggers] Transbaik., N. Far East, S. japonica, Betula spp. (under Far East (including bark) Sakhalin) 2.67 Tomicus Scolytidae S. Far East Absent Absent Pinus korajensis (preferred host) , P. Trunks L (=Blastophagus) spp. (under pilifer Spessivtsev bark) 2.68 Tomicus puellus Scolytidae S. Far East (mountains) Absent Absent Picea ajanensis, (preferred host) , P. Trunks L – M Reitter spp., Abies holophylla, A. (under (= Blastophagus nephrolepis, Abies spp., Pinus spp., bark) starki) Larix spp., Tsuga spp. 2.69 [Trypodendron Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Mongolia Pinus sibirica, Pinus korajensis Trunks L – M granulatum Eggers] Siberia, S. Siberia, (preferred hosts) , Pinus spp., Larix (wood) Transbaik., N. Far East, S. spp. Far East (including Sakhalin) 2.70 [Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East (including Absent Japan, Koreas Betula japonica, Betula spp., Trunks VL – L pubipennis Blandford Sakhalin & Kuril islands) Phyllanthus flexuosus, Phyllanthus (wood) (T. pubipennum )] spp., Ficus caria, Ficus spp., other broadleaves 2.71 [Xyleborus aequalis Scolytidae N.E. Siberia, Transbaik.; Absent Absent Abies holophylla, A. nephrolepis, A. Trunks VL – L Reitter] S. Far East spp., Picea ajanensis, Pinus (under (= Anisandrus korajensis, P. pumila, P. funebris, P. bark) aequalis Reitter) spp., Juniperus communis, J. spp., Taxus cuspidata, Populus tremula, Paulownia tomentosa, Ailantes glandulosa, Kalopanax ricinifolium, Akebia quinata, Aralia manshurika, Phellodendron amurense, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula alba, B. costata, B. dahurica, B. japonica, B. spp., Taxus japonica, Vitis amurensis, Gingko biloba, Vistaria sinensis, Carpinus japonica, C. cortada, Malus spp., Quercus mongolica, Salix spp., Acer ukurunduense, A. mono, A. pictum, A. mandshuricum, A. barbinerve, A. spp., Schisandra chinensis, Corylus mandshurica, C. heterophylla, Tilia cordata, T. amurensis, Alnus hirsuta, A. fruticosa, Juglans mandshurica, Rhododendron dahuricum, Sorbus amurensis, Syringa amurensis, Acanthopanax sessiliflora, Rhus succedanea, Spiraea mongolica, S. amurensis, Prunus padus, Morus alba, etc.

21 Table 2. INSECTS COLEOPTERA, DIPTERA & HYMENOPTERA

2.72 Xyleborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Southern and Pinus sylvestris Trunks VL – L eurygraphus Russia, S.E. Russia; central Europe (under Ratzeburg Baltic countries; Belarus; (Poland, Czeckia, bark) Moldova; Ukraine; Slovakia, Transcaucasus Germany, A ustria, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, etc.) Diptera 2.73 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae S. Siberia, Transbaik. Absent Absent Larix spp. Cones and L [Lasiomma] seeds baicalense ? 2.74 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae S. Siberia, Transbaik Absent Finland Larix spp. Cones and L-M Data of [Lasiomma) seeds Dr. Alain sibirica ?? Roques 2.75 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae S. Siberia, Transbaik Absent Sweden, Larix spp. , Picea spp. Cones and L-M Data of [Lasiomma) Mongolia, China seeds Dr. Alain svenssoni ?? Roques 2.76 Resseliella Cecidomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Absent Absent Larix sibirica, Larix spp. Cones and L [Thomasiniana] Larix area; Baltic seeds sibirica Mam. countries; Belarus, [Camptomyia Ukraine laricis] Hymenoptera 2.77 Megastigmus Torymidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Western Europe Juniperus communis, J. spp. Seeds L – M bipunctatus Russia, S.E. Russia; Swederus (= M. Baltic countries; Belarus, kuntzei Kapuscinski) Ukraine 2.78 Megastigmus Torymidae S. Far East Absent Japan, Denmark Abies spp. Seeds L-M Data of borriesi ?? Dr. Alain Roques 2.79 Megastigmus certus Torymidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M ? 2.80 Megastigmus fidus ? Torymidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M Siberia, S. Siberia, Transbaik. 2.81 Megastigmus gravis Torymidae Transcaucasus Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M Data of ?? Dr. Alain Roques 2.82 Megastigmus Torymidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M juniperi Nik. 2.83 Megastigmus validus Torymidae Central Asia Absent Absent Juniperus spp. Seeds L – M ?

22 Table 2. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

Lepidoptera 2.84 Coleophora Coleophoridae S. Siberia Absent Absent Larix Needles L – M Main sibiricella ? [= C. Finland - ? damage – sibirica ?] esthetic damage 2.85 [Anacampsis Gelechiidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Absent Northern and Betula mandshurica, B. pendula, Leaves L - M blattariella Hbn. ] Russia, S. Siberia (East); central Europe B. pubescens, Betula spp. Transbaik., S. Far East 2.86 Eupithecia gigantea Geometridae S. Far East, N. Far East Absent Japan Abies Cones and L Data of ? seeds Dr. Alain Roques 2.87 Semiothisa pumila Geometridae S. Siberia, Transbaik., S. Absent Absent Larix Needles L – M Kusnezov [= Far East Semiothisa (= Macaria) continuaria Ev. ] 2.88 Vanessa xanthomelas Nymphalidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Absent Absent Salix, Betula, Alnus Leaves L Esp . S. Siberia, S. Far East; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 2.89 Barbara fulgens Tortricidae S. Far East Absent Northern China Picea obovata, P. sibirica, P. Cones and VL - L Data of Kuznetsov koraiensis, P. ajanensis, Picea seeds Dr. Alain spp., Abies holophylla, Abies spp. Roques

2.90 Retinia (= Petrova = Tortricidae C.E. Russia (introduced), Absent Widespread in Larix sibirica, L. gmelinii Cones and L – H According Semasia ) N.E. Siberia, N.W. Europe (Czeckia, (preferred hosts) , Larix spp. seeds to Dr. A. perangustana Snelb Siberia, S. Siberia, Slovakia, Poland - Roques (= Eucosma Transbaik., S. Far East introdiced), north- impropria = eastern China, Laspeyresia zonovae Mongolia Flor) 2.91 Retinia lemniscata Tortricidae S. Far East Absent Absent Picea koraiensis, Picea spp. Cones and L Data of Kuznetsov seeds Dr. Alain Roques]

2.92 Retinia Tortricidae S. Far East Absent Japan, China Pinus koraiensis (preferred host), Cones and L-M Data of monopunctata P. strobus, Pinus spp., Abies seeds Dr. Alain [R.pini] holophylla, A. sachalinensis, A. Roques homolepis, Abies spp., Picea glehnii, P. polita, P. abies, P. ajanensis, Picea spp., Larix kaempferi, Larix spp. 23 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

Table 3a. Forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which are also present in Central/Western Europe

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Insecta Coleoptera 3a.1 Anobium punctatum Anobiidae Russia: widespread except Present Western Europe; Coniferous Wood M – VH Main damage Deg. [= A. Far East; Baltic countries; New Zealand – to wood in domesticum Geoffr. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; buildings, Transcaucasus furniture, etc. 3.2 Hadrobregmus Anobiidae N Russia: widespread except Not known Western Europe, Coniferous Wood L – H Main damage pertinax ? [Anobium Far East; Baltic countries; HU – to cut trees, pertinax F. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; wood in Transcaucasus buildings, furniture, etc. 3a.3 Amphicerus Bostrichidae Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Not known Southern Europe; Deciduous and Wood, Vitis L – M Main damage bimaculatus Central Asia Northern Africa; coniferous and fruit – to wood in ?.[Schistoceros Syria trees buildings bimaculatus Ol. ] branches 3a.4 Bostrichus capucinus Bostrichidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. USA (limited Western Europe Quercus , other Wood, L – H Main damage L. Siberia; Baltic countries; distribution – deciduous trunks of – to parquet, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; NJ) Quercus, wood in Transcaucasus; Central Asia Morus, buildings, Vitis telegraph poles, sleepers 3a.5 Lichenophanes varia Bostrichidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known South and Centre of Buxus , Wood L – M Main damage ? Ukraine; Transcaucasus Western Europe Quercus , other – to wood in [L. varius ?] deciduous buildings 3a.6 Rhyzopertha Bostrichidae Ukraine Widespread Cosmopolitan Deciduous and Wood L – M Main damage [Rhizopertha] coniferous – to wood in dominica ? buildings 3a.7 Scobicia pustulata Bostrichidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not known Southern Europe; Deciduous and Wood L – M Main damage Kies. [= S. chevrieri Transcaucasus; Central Asia Northern Africa; coniferous – to wood in Vill. ] Syria; Iran buildings 3a.8 Stephanopachys Bostrichidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not known Western Europe Pinus , Picea , Wood, L – M Main damage linearis Kug. Ukraine; Transcaucasus; some other under bark – to wood in Central Asia coniferous buildings 3a.9 Sinoxylon perforans Bostrichidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Absent Balcans Quercus, Vitis , Wood and L – H Main damage Schrnk. Transcaucasus; Central Asia other stems of – to wood in deciduous young buildings and plants to vineyards 3a.10 Xylopertha retusa ? . Bostrichidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Absent South and Centre of Quercus and Wood L – M Main damage [Xylonites retusus Moldova; Ukraine; Western Europe other – to wood in Ol. ] Transcaucasus; Central Asia deciduous buildings 24 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.11 Agrilus angustulus Buprestidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Western Europe; Quercus, Trunks L – M Main damage Ill. Siberia; Baltic countries; Northern Africa; Fagus, (under – to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey Castanea bark) plantations in Transcaucasus the steppes 3a.12 Agrilus ater L. Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C.E. Russia, Not yet checked FI, HU Populus, Salix Trunks L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.13 Agrilus betuleti Rtzb. Buprestidae Russia: widespread in forest Not yet checked Northern and Betula Trunks L zone; Baltic countries; Central Europe (under Belarus bark) 3a.14 Agrilus elongatus Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Trunks VL – L Hbst. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Fagus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.15 Agrilus pannonicus ? Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked HU, UK Quercus Trunks L [Agrilus biguttatus S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under F.] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.16 Agrilus viridis L. Buprestidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Populus Trunks L – H countries; Belarus; Moldova; IT; Northern Africa (including P. (under Ukraine; Transcaucasus tremula ), Acer, bark) Salix, Fagus, other deciduous 3a.17 Chrysobothris affinis Buprestidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked HU Quercus, Trunks L F. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Fagus, Ulmus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.18 Melanophila Buprestidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked DE; HU Pinus Trunks L [= Phaenops] area; Baltic countries; (under cyanea F. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.19 Poecilonota Buprestidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked SE; NO; Northern Populus Trunks L – M variolosa Payk. Far East; Baltic countries; Africa (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.20 Trachypteris Buprestidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Absent South of Europe; Populus, Salix, Trunks L – M decostigma [= Transcaucasus Northern Africa; Fraxinus (under Melanophila Turkey; Syria bark) decastigma F. ] 3a.21 Trachypteris Buprestidae C. E. Russia (East), S. E. Absent Iran; Northern Populus, Salix Trunks L – M Main damage [= Melanophila] Russia (East), S. Siberia China; HU (under – on 1-2 picta Pall. (West); Kazakhstan; Central bark) year-old Asia plantations 3a.22 Acanthocinus aedilis Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks L L. area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 25 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.23 Acanthocinus griseus Cerambycidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, Not yet checked Europe; Japan Picea Trunks VL – L F. S.Siberia, S. Far East (wood) 3a.24 Arhopalus rusticus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Western Europe, Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L (повтор ) coniferous area Japan other (wood) coniferous 3a.25 Arhopalus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks and VL – L [= Criocephalus] area; Baltic countries; roots (under rusticus L. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.26 Callidium violaceum Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Coniferous and Wood L – M The main L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Mongolia; deciduous (under damage – to Ukraine; Transcaucasus Northern China; bark) dead trees, Korea; Japan cut trees with bark, etc. 3a.27 Callipogon relictus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus, Trunks VL – L Sem. Fraxinus, (wood) Ulmus and other trees 3a.28 Cerambyx cerdo L. Cerambycidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Absent Western Europe; Quercus, other Trunks L – H In the former Transcaucasus Northern Africa deciduous (wood) USSR – two subspecies 3a.29 Cerambyx scopoli ? Cerambycidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Absent Western Europe; Quercus, Trunks L – M [C. scopolii Füssl .] Transcaucasus Northern Africa Fagus, other (wood) deciduous 3a.30 Clytus arietis L. Cerambycidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Vitis, Trunks VL – L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; other (wood and Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; deciduous under bark) Transcaucasus; Turkmenistan including fruit trees 3a.31 Hylotrupes bajulus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Present Western Europe; Coniferous and Wood M – VH Main damage L. Far East; Baltic countries; Northern Africa; deciduous – to wood in Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; China buildings, Transcaucasus telegraph poles, sleepers, etc. 3a.32 Lamia textor L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Absent Western Europe Salix, Populus, Trunks L - M Far East; Baltic countries; Alnus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan (North) 3a.33 Mesosa Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks VL – L curculionoides L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ulmus, (under Ukraine; Kazakhstan Populus, other bark) deciduous 3a.34 Mesosa myops Dalm. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks VL – L countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ulmus, (under Ukraine; Kazakhstan Populus, other bark) deciduous 26 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.35 Monochamus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Western Europe; Pinus, other Trunks L – H Vector of galloprovincialis Ol. area; Baltic countries; Turkey; Northern coniferous (wood) Bursaphelenc Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mongolia hus Transcaucasus mucronatus 3a.36 Monochamus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in Absent Western Europe; Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M Vector of saltuarius Gebl. coniferous area; Baltic Northern Mongolia; Abies, other (wood) Bursaphelenc countries; Belarus; Ukraine Northern China; coniferous hus Japan; Korea mucronatus 3a.37 Monochamus sartor Cerambycidae Ukraine (Carpathians) Absent Western Europe Picea, Abies Trunks L – M F. (wood) 3a.38 Monochamus sutor Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Western Europe; Picea, Abies, Trunks M – VH Vector of L. area; Baltic countries; Mongolia; Northern other (wood) Bursaphelenc Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine China; Japan; coniferous hus Korea mucronatus 3a.39 Monochamus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Western Europe; Picea, Abies, Trunks M – VH urussovii ? area; Baltic countries; Mongolia; Northern other (wood) [M. urussovi Fisch. ] Belarus; Moldova China; Japan; coniferous Korea 3a.40 Oberea oculata L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Not known Western Europe Salix, Populus Trunks L - M Far East; Baltic countries; (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.41 Plagionotus arcuatus Cerambycidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks VL – L L. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Carpinus, (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Pyrus, bark) Transcaucasus Castanea, Fagus 3a.42 Rhagium inquisitor Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Nova Scotia Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L L. Far East; Baltic countries; (CA) other (under Belarus; Ukraine coniferous bark) 3a.43 Saperda carcharias Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in aspen Not known Western Europe Populus Trunks L – M The main L. area; Baltic countries; tremula, other (wood) damage – on Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Populus, Salix 20-30 year- Transcaucasus old plantations 3a.44 Saperda populnea L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except West of Canada Western Europe Populus Trunks and L – H The main Far East; Baltic countries; (introduced); tremula, other branches damage - to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; West of USA Populus, Salix (wood) young trees Transcaucasus (introduced) 3a.45 Saperda punctata L. Cerambycidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not known Southern Europe Ulmus Trunks L - M Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.46 Saperda scalaris L. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Alnus, Trunks L Far East; Baltic countries; Populus, (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Betula, bark) Transcaucasus Quercus, other deciduous 27 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.47 Spondylis Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Western Europe, Pinus Trunks and VL – L buprestoides L. area; Baltic countries; Japan, China roots (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.48 Stromatium fulvum Cerambycidae S. E. Russia (North Present (no data Southern Europe; Deciduous and Wood L – H The main Vill. Caucasus); Ukraine on distribution); Northern Africa; coniferous damage - to [=S. unicolor Oliv .] (Crimea); Transcaucasus Cuba Brazil (introduced) wood in (introduced) buildings, furniture, etc. 3a.49 Tetropium Cerambycidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Pinus, other Trunks VL – L aquilonium ? Far East; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.50 Tetropium castaneum Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not yet checked Europe Picea, other Trunks L L. area; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.51 Tetropium fuscum F. Cerambycidae Russia: widespread in spruce Halifax, Nova Europe Picea, other Trunks L area; Baltic countries; Scotia (CA) – coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine under eradicat. bark) 3a.52 Tetropium gabrieli Cerambycidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Larix, other Trunks L Weise. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.53 Xylotrechus rusticus Cerambycidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Populus, Salix, Trunks L L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; many other (under Ukraine; Transcaucasus; deciduous bark) Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.54 [Haltica saliceti Chrysomelidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Absent Southern and Quercus Leaves L – M Main damage Wse. ] ( possibly - H. Ukraine; Transcaucasus Central Europe - to young quercetorum Foudr. ) trees 3a.55 Chrysomela Chrysomelidae C.E. Russia, S.E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Populus Leaves L – M Main damage [Melasoma] populi N.E. Siberia, N.W. Siberia, (including P. - to young L. S. Siberia, S. Far East; Baltic tremula ), Salix trees in countries; Belarus; Moldova; plantations Ukraine; Transcaucasus; and nurseries Central Asia 3a.56 Chrysomela tremula Chrysomelidae Russia: widespread except Present Western Europe Populus Leaves L – M Main damage ? [Melasoma Far East; Baltic countries; (including P. - to young tremulae F. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; tremula ), Salix trees in Transcaucasus; Central Asia plantations and nurseries 3a.57 Pyrrhalta Chrysomelidae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; USA Western Europe; Ulmus Leaves L – M Main damage [Galerucella] luteola Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (widespread, Turkey; Iran; - to young Müll. Central Asia introduced) Algeria trees 3a.58 Apoderus coryli Curculionidae Widespread except extreme Not yet checked All Europe, China, Corylus, Leaves L – M (= North Japan, Koreas, Alnus, Fagus, Attelabidae) Mongolia Carpinus, Quercus, Betula 3a.59 Bradybatus creutzeri Curculionidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine Absent South of Western Acer, Quercus Fruits L - M Germ. Europe 28 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.60 Bradybatus Curculionidae S. E. Russia ; Ukraine Not yet checked Europe Acer Fruits L tomentosus ? 3a.61 Byctiscus betulae L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Populus, Leaves L – M Main damage (=B. betuleti F.) countries; Belarus; Moldova; Turkey; Syria Betula, Tilia, – to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Fagus, Acer, trees Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan Ulmus, other (North) deciduous 3a.62 Cryptorhynchus Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic USA Western Europe; Salix, Populus, Trunks L – M Main damage [Cryptorrhynchus] countries; Belarus; Moldova; (introduced) Japan Alnus (wood and – to young lapathi L. Ukraine under bark) trees 3a.63 Curculio glandium Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Quercus Acorns M - H Marsh. countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Moldova; Transcaucasus 3a.64 Curculio nucum L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Corylus, Fruits L - M countries; Belarus, Ukraine, Syria; Algeria Quercus Moldova, Transcaucasus 3a.65 Hylobius abietis L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Western Europe; Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – H The main area; Baltic countries; Japan other (under damage – to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous bark), buds young trees Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan and young and young sprouts plantations 3a.66 Lignyodes enucleator Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not known Western Europe Fraxinus, Fruits M Panz. Transcaucasus Quercus 3a.67 Magdalis armigera Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Not yet checked Europe Ulmus Trunks VL – L Geoffr. Ukraine (under bark) 3a.68 Pissodes castaneus ? Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus, other Trunks L – H Main damage [P. notatus F. ] area; Baltic countries; (widespread); coniferous (under - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey, Algeria, bark) trees and 4 – Transcaucasus Morocco 15 year-old plantations 3a.69 Pissodes gyllenhali Curculionidae N. Far East, S. Far East Not known Not known; Pinus pumila, Trunks and L – M Gyll. Europe other roots (under coniferous bark) 3a.70 Pissodes harcyniae Curculionidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Europe Picea Trunks L – H Hrbst. area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.71 Pissodes piceae Ill. Curculionidae Ukraine (the Carpathians), Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M Transcaucasus Pinus (under bark) 3a.72 Pissodes pini L. Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks L area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.73 Pissodes piniphilus Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Western Europe Pinus Trunks L – M Main damage Hrbst area; Baltic countries; (under - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) pine plantations 29 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.74 Pissodes scabricollis Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Larix, Trunks L Mill . and larch area; Baltic Picea (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine 3a.75 Pissodes validirostris Curculionidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Widespread in Pinus Cones and M - H Gyll. area; Baltic countries; Europe seeds Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan 3a.76 Pselactus Curculionidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Present Western Europe; Pinus , other Wood L – M Main damage [= Codiosoma] S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Australia; New coniferous - to damp spadix Hrbst. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Zealand wood in buildings 3a.77 Stereonychus fraxini Curculionidae Moldova Absent Bulgaria; France; Fraxinus Leaves M – H Deg. Romania; UK; Yugoslavia; HU; Northern Africa 3a.78 Agriotes lineatus L. Elateridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada (limited Europe Deciduous, Roots L Main damage S.E. Russia, N.W. Siberia, S. distribution – (widespread); Iran; coniferous and - tn young Siberia (West); Baltic BC, NF, NS); Israel other plants plants and in countries; Belarus; Moldova; USA (limited nurseries Ukraine; Transcaucasus; distribution) Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan 3a.79 Agriotes sputator L. Elateridae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia Not known Western Europe Deciduous, Roots L – M Main damage (West); Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous and - to young Transcaucasus other plants plants and in nurseries 3a.80 Agrypnus Elateridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Deciduous, Roots, L Main damage [Brachylacon] countries; Belarus; Moldova; coniferous and seeds - to young murinus ? Ukraine; Transcaucasus; other plants plants and in Kazakhstan; Central Asia nurseries 3a.81 Lyctus linearis Lyctidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; USA Western Europe; Quercus , other Wood L – H Main damage Goeze. Baltic countries; Belarus; (introduced) Algeria deciduous - to parquet, Moldova; Ukraine; wood in Transcaucasus buildings, furniture, etc. 3a.82 [Elateroides Lymexylidae Russia: widespread in fir and Not yet checked Europe Abies, Picea Trunks L flabellicornis Schn. ] spruce area; Baltic countries; (wood) Belarus 3a.83 Hylecoetus Lymexylidae ? Not yet checked Europe Betula, other Trunks L [Elateroides] deciduous (wood) dermestoides L. 3a.84 Lytta vesicatoria L. Meloidea C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. USA Western Europe Fraxinus, Leaves M – H Main damage Siberia; Belarus; Moldova; (introduced for some other – to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; cantharidin deciduous trees Central Asia production) 3a.85 Amphimallon Scarabaeidae Russia: widespread except Absent Western Europe; Pinus, other Roots L – M Main damage solstitiale ? Far East; Baltic countries; Turkey; Iran; plants – to young [A. solstitialis L. ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Mongolia; pine Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; China plantations Central Asia 30 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.86 Anoxia pilosa F. Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Absent Western Europe; Pinus, Vitis, Roots L – M Main damage Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Northern Iran other plants – to young Kazakhstan plantations 3a.87 Melolontha Scarabaeidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Pinus, other Roots L – H Main damage hippocastani F. countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern China plants – to young Ukraine; Kazakhstan pine plantations 3a.88 Melolontha Scarabaeidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Absent Europe Quercus, Roots L – H Main damage melolontha L. (= M. Baltic countries; Belarus; (widespread); Pinus, other – to young vulgaris F.) Moldova; Ukraine Turkey plants plantations 3a.89 Miltotrogus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Absent Western Europe Quercus, Acer, Roots L – M Main damage [Rhizotrogus] Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Fraxinus, – to young aequinoctialis Hrbst. Kazakhstan other plants plantations 3a.90 Pentodon idiota Scarabaeidae S.E. Russia; Belarus; Absent Western Europe; Quercus, fruit Roots L – M Main damage Hrbst. Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey and other – to young Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan plants plantations and nurseries 3a.91 Phyllopertha Scarabaeidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Europe Deciduous and Roots L Main damage horticola L. countries; Belarus; Moldova; coniferous – to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; trees plants Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.92 Polyphylla fullo L. Scarabaeidae S.E. Russia; Moldova; Not known Western Europe; Pinus, Vitis, Roots L – M Main damage Ukraine Northern Africa - ? other plants – to young plantations 3a.93 Rhizotrogus aestivus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Moldova; Absent Southern Europe; Pinus, other Roots L – M Main damage Ol. Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iran plants – to young Kazakhstan plantations 3a.94 Serica brunnea L. Scarabaeidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Europe Deciduous and Roots L Main damage Siberia; Baltic countries; coniferous – to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine trees plants and in nurseries 3a.95 Carphoborus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L cholodkovskyi Spess. coniferous area; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.96 Carphoborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L minimus Fabr. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.97 Carphoborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L rossicus Sem. N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia (under (West) bark) 3a.98 Carphoborus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea, Larix Trunks VL – L teplonchovi ? coniferous area; Baltic (under [C. teplouchovi countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Spess. ] Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 31 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.99 Cryphalus abietis Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks & L – M The main Ratz. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; other branches damage – to Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous (under young trees Transcaucasus bark) 3a.100 Cryphalus piceae Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia ; Not yet checked Europe Picea, Abies Trunks VL – L Ratz. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.101 Cryphalus saltuarius Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L Wse. coniferous area; Baltic Abies (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.102 Crypturgus cinereus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Hrbst. coniferous area; Baltic Abies (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.103 Crypturgus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L hispidulus Thoms. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.104 Crypturgus maulei Scolytidae N. W. Siberia, S. Siberia Not yet checked Europe Picea, Abies Trunks VL – L Roubal. (probably – (West) (under C. pusillus Gyll. ) bark) 3a.105 Crypturgus pusillus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Gyll. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.106 Crypturgus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L subcribrosus Egg. S.E. Russia, S. Far East; (under Baltic countries; Belarus; bark) Moldova; Ukraine 3a.107 Dendroctonus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks M – VH micans Kugel. area; Baltic countries; (widespread); other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; China, Japan, coniferous bark) Georgia Turkey 3a.108 Dryocoetes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L autographus Ratz. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.109 Dryocoetes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L hectographus Reitt. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 32 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.110 Hylastes angustatus Scolytidae C.E. Russia; Belarus; Not known Western Europe; Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M Herbst. Moldova; Ukraine Bulgaria (under bark) 3a.111 Hylastes Scolytidae N.E. Russia, C.E. Russia; Not known Not known Pinus Trunks L – M angusticollis Egg. Baltic countries; Belarus (under bark) 3a.112 Hylastes ater Payk. Scolytidae C.E. Russia, S.E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – H Main damage N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. other (under - to young Siberia; Baltic countries; coniferous bark) trees and Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine young plantations 3a.113 Hylastes attenuatus Scolytidae C. E. Russia; Belarus; Not known Central Europe Pinus Trunks L – M Er. Ukraine; Transcaucasus (under bark) 3a.114 Hylastes brunneus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Poland; Germany; Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M Eg. coniferous area; Baltic Austria (under countries; Belarus bark) 3a.115 Hylastes cunicularius Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Western Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – H Main damage Erich. coniferous area; Baltic Larix (under - to young countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) trees and Ukraine; Transcaucasus; young Kazakhstan plantations 3a.116 Hylastes opacus Er. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Eastern Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M coniferous area; Baltic Europe (under countries; Belarus; Ukraine bark) 3a.117 [Hylastes plumbeus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Finland; Sweden; Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – M Blandf.] coniferous area; Kazakhstan Japan; Korea Larix (under bark) 3a.118 Hylesinus crenatus Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not yet checked Europe Fraxinus Trunks VL – L Fabr. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Central Asia 3a.119 Hylesinus fraxini Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Absent Western Europe Fraxinus, Trunks L – M Panz. Baltic countries; Belarus; Quercus, other (under Moldova; Ukraine deciduous bark) 3a.120 Hylesinus oleiperda Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not yet checked Europe Fraxinus, Trunks L Fabr. Baltic countries; Belarus; Olea, Syringa, (under Moldova; Ukraine; Fagus, other bark) Transcaucasus deciduous 3a.121 Hylurgops glabratus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L Zett. coniferous area; Baltic Abies (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.122 Hylurgops palliatus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L Gyll. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix, (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Juniperus bark) 33 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.123 Hylurgus ligniperda Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks L Fabr. S.E. Russia, S. Siberia; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine 3a.124 Ips acuminatus Gyll. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, other Trunks L area; Baltic countries; coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.125 Ips amitinus Eichh. Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea Trunks L Baltic countries; Ukraine (widespread); (under Tunisia bark) 3a.126 Ips duplicatus Sahlb. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks L – M area; Baltic countries; (widespread); Japan sibirica, other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; coniferous bark) Georgia; Kazakhstan 3a.127 Ips sexdentatus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – H Boern. area; Baltic countries; (widespread); other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; China; Korea; coniferous bark) Transcaucasus Thailand; Turkey 3a.128 Ips typographus L. Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Canada Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks L – VH area; Baltic countries; (introduced); (widespread); sibirica, other (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; USA China; Japan; coniferous bark) Georgia; Tadjikistan (introduced) Korea; Turkey 3a.129 Orthotomicus laricis Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Fabr. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.130 Orthotomicus Scolytidae N.E. Russia, C.E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L longicollis Gyll. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.131 Orthotomicus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L proximus Eichh. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.132 Orthotomicus starki Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Spess. S.E. Russia, N.E.Siberia, Larix (under N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia, bark) Transbaik.; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.133 Orthotomicus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L suturalis Gyll. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.134 Phthorophloeus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L [Phtorophloeus ] coniferous area; Baltic (under spinulosus Rey. countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 34 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.135 Pityogenes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not known Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M bidentatus Hrbst. coniferous area; Baltic Abies, Larix (under (= P. bidens F.) countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.136 Pityogenes Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Western Europe; Picea, other Trunks L – M chalcographus L. area; Baltic countries; Japan coniferous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.137 Pityogenes Scolytidae N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. Not known Alps; Bulgaria; Pinus pumila, Trunks L – M conjunctus Reitt. [ P. Siberia, Transbaik., N. Far Poland P. sibirica, (under baikalicus Egg.] East, S. Far East Picea bark) 3a.138 Pityogenes irkutensis Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L Egg. area; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.139 Pityogenes Scolytidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks VL – L quadridens Hart. Far East; Baltic countries; Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.140 Pityogenes saalasi Scolytidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not yet checked Europe Pinus Trunks VL – L Egg. Russia, S. Siberia (Baikal), (under Transbaik.; Baltic countries; bark) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.141 Pityogenes Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L trepanatus Nördl. Baltic countries; Belarus; (under Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.142 Pityokteines Scolytidae S.E. Russia, N.E. Siberia, Not known Western Europe; Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M curvidens Germ. N.W. Siberia; Ukraine; Japan (?) other (under Transcaucasus coniferous bark) 3a.143 Pityokteines Scolytidae Ukraine (the Carpathians), Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M spinidens Reitt. Transcaucasus other (under coniferous bark) 3a.144 Pityokteines Scolytidae Ukraine (the Carpathians), Not known Central and Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M vorontzowi ? [ P. Transcaucasus Southern Europe other (under vorontzovi Jacobs .] coniferous bark) 3a.145 Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Larix Trunks VL – L glabratus Eichh. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.146 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L lichtensteini Ratz. Far East; Baltic countries; Abies (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.147 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L micrographus L. Far East; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.148 Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Picea Trunks VL – L morosovi Spess. N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. (under Siberia, Transbaik. bark) 3a.149 Pityophthorus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L traegardhi Spess. N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. (under Siberia bark) 35 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3a.150 Polygraphus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Central and Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – M polygraphus L. area; Baltic countries; Northern Europe; Larix, Abies (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Turkey bark) 3a.151 Polygraphus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Pinus Trunks L punctifrons Thoms. coniferous area; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3a.152 Polygraphus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Europe Picea, Abies Trunks L subopacus Thoms. coniferous area; Baltic (under countries; Belarus; Moldova; bark) Ukraine 3a.153 Scolytus ensifer Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus, other Trunks L Eichh. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; deciduous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.154 Scolytus intricatus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Trunks L Vector of Ratz. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Carpinus, (under Ophiostoma Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Fagus, bark) roboris and Transcaucasus Castanea, other Ulmus, Betula mycoses 3a.155 Scolytus kirschi Skal. Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Central and Ulmus Trunks L – M The main Baltic countries; Belarus; Southern Europe (under damage – on Moldova; Ukraine; bark) elm Transcaucasus plantations in the steppes 3a.156 Scolytus multistriatus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada, USA Europe Ulmus, Trunks L – M Marsham. S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (widespread); Iran; Populus (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Algeria; Egypt; tremula, bark) Australia Quercus, other deciduous 3a.157 Scolytus orientalis Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea); Not known Bulgaria; Romania; Ulmus, Trunks L – M Egg. (possibly – S. Transcaucasus; Central Asia Iran (North) Zelkowa (under multistriatus Marsh.) bark) 3a.158 Scolytus pygmaeus F. Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Europe Ulmus, other Trunks L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; deciduous (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus 3a.159 Scolytus ratzeburgi Scolytidae Russia: widespread in birch Not known Europe Betula Trunks L – M Jans. area; Baltic countries; (widespread) (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; bark) Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.160 Scolytus scolytus F. Scolytidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Europe Ulmus, other Trunks L – H Vecto r of Baltic countries; Belarus; (widespread); India, deciduous (under Graphium Moldova; Ukraine; Iran bark) ulmi Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia

36 Table 3a. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

3a.161 Scolytus sulcifrons Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not known Southern Europe Ulmus, other Trunks L – M Rey. deciduous (under bark) 3a.162 [Scolytus zaitzevi Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not known Not known Ulmus Trunks L – M But.] (South); Transcaucasus (under bark) 3a.163 Tomicus minor ? Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus Trunks L – M [Blastophagus area; Baltic countries; (widespread) (under minor Hart.] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.164 Tomicus piniperda Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Europe Pinus Trunks L – H [Blastophagus area; Baltic countries; (widespread); (under piniperda L.] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mongolia; Northern bark) Transcaucasus China 3a.165 Trypodendron Scolytidae Russia: widespread in pine Europe Not yet checked Pinus, Picea, Trunks L lineatum Oliv. area; Baltic countries; Abies, Larix (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.166 Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East Europe Not yet checked Pinus sibirica, Trunks VL – L proximum Niis. Picea (wood) 3a.167 Xyleborus Scolytidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada Europe Quercus, Trunks L – M [= Anisandrus ] S.E. Russia, N. W. Siberia, S. (introduced); (widespread) Castanea, (under dispar ******** Siberia (West); Baltic USA Carpinus, bark) countries; Belarus; Moldova; (introduced) Juglans Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.168 Xyleborus Scolytidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Present Europe Quercus, Trunks L – M [= Anisandrus ] countries; Belarus; Moldova; (widespread); Iran; Carpinus, (under saxeseni Ukraine; Transcaucasus; India; Mongolia; Fagus, bark) Kazakhstan; Central Asia China; Korea; Fraxinus, Japan Ulmus, other deciduous and coniferous 3a.169 Xylechinus pilosus Scolytidae Russia: widespread in fir and Not known Central and Abies, Picea Trunks L – M spruce area; Baltic countries; Northern Europe (under Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine bark) 3a.170 Blaps halophila Tenebrionidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous, Roots L Main damage Baltic countries; Belarus; coniferous and - on young Moldova; Ukraine; Central other plants plants and in Asia nurseries 3a.171 Opatrum Tenebrionidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Europe Deciduous, Roots, L Main damage sabulosum Siberia; Baltic countries; coniferous and leaves - on young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; other plants plants and in Transcaucasus; Central Asia nurseries

37 Table 3a. INSECTS DIPTERA, HETEROPTERA & HOMOPTERA

Diptera 3a.172 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Not known Widespread in Picea Cones and L - M Data of Dr. [Pegohylemyia] Picea area Baltic countries, Europe, China, seeds Alain Roques anthracina Belarus, Ukraine Japan 3a.173 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Not known Widespread in Larix Cones and M - H Data of Dr. [Lasiomma] Larix area; Baltic countries; Europe, China, seeds Alain Roques laricicola Belarus, Ukraine Japan 3a.174 Strobilomyia Anthomyiidae Russia: widespread in the Not known Widespread in Larix Cones and M – H Data of Dr. [Lasiomma] Larix area;. Europe, China seeds Alain Roques infrequens 3a.175 Kaltenbachiola [= Cecidomyiidae Russia: widespread in Picea Not known Central and Picea Cones and L - M Data of Dr. Perresia] strobi area; Baltic countries; Northern Europe seeds Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine; Kazakhst. 3a.176 Plemeliella Cecidomyiidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Widespread in Picea Seeds VL - L Data of Dr. abietina S.E. Russia; Belarus, Ukraine Picea area in Alain Roques Europe 3a.177 Resseliella piceae Cecidomyiidae Transcaucasus Not known Western, Central , Abies Cones and M - H Data of Dr. Southern Europe seeds Alain Roques 3a.178 Earomyia bazini Lonchaeidae S. Siberia, N. Far East Not known France, Poland Larixs Seeds L-M Data of Dr. Alain Roques 3a.179 Earomyia Lonchaeidae Transcaucasus Not known Austria, Italy, Abies Seeds M - H Data of Dr. impossibile Romania Alain Roques [E. impossibilis] 3a.180 Earomyia Lonchaeidae C.E. Russia, S. Siberia, Not known Westen, Central, Picea Seeds M - H Data of Dr. schystopiga Transbaik.s Northern Europe Alain Roques Heteroptera 3a.181 Aradus Aradidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada; USA Finland; Sweden; Pinus Trunks L – H Main damage cinnamomeus S.E. Russia, N.E.Siberia, Norway; Denmark; sylvestris, (under – to young (5 N.W. Siberia, S. Siberia; Netherlands; Spain; other Pinus, bark) – 25 year- Baltic countries; Belarus; Greece; Chechia; Larix old) pine Moldova; Ukraine Slovakia; Bulgaria; plantations. Poland; Hungary; Vector of Israel; Turkey; resin flow canker Homoptera 3a.182 Adelges laricis Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage spruce and larch area Larix sprouts & – to young needles trees 3a.183 Adelges tardus Adelgidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not known Central and Picea Young L – M Main damage Baltic countries; Belarus Northern Europe sprouts and - to young needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.184 Aphrastasia Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage pectinatae spruce and fir area ; Baltic Abies sprouts and – to young [A. pectinate] countries needles trees

38 Table 3a. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

3a.185 Chermes [Adelges] Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Scandinavia Picea and Young VL – L Main damage tardoides spruce and larch area Larix sprouts & – to young needles trees 3a.186 Dreyfusia Adelgidae Russia: spread in common Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage nordmannianae spruce and fir area Abies sprouts & – to young needles trees 3a.187 Pineus pini Adelgidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Europe: widespread Pinus Young L – M Main damage S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; in pine area sprouts and - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.188 Cholodkovskya Aphididae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Western Europe Larix Young L – M Main damage viridara S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; sprouts and - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.189 Dysaphis Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus, Populus Leaves VL – M (= Yezabura) Transcaucasus; Central Asia reaumuri 3a.190 Sacchiphantes Aphididae Russia: widespread in spruce Absent Western Europe Picea Young L – M Main damage abietis area ; Baltic countries; sprouts and - to young Belarus; Kazakhstan needles trees in plantations and nurseries 3a.191 Sacchiphantes Aphididae Russia: widespread in Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea and Young VL – L Main damage viridis common spruce and larch Larix sprouts and – to young area ; Baltic countries; needles trees Belarus; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.192 Thecabius affinis Aphididae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, N. Not yet checked Widespread in Populus Leaves VL – M (= T. agnotus) W. Siberia, S. Siberia, Eurasia Transbaikalia, S. Far East; Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Central Asia 3a.193 Parthenolecanium Coccidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Present Western Europe Corylus, Trunks and L – M Main damage corni S.E. Russia, N. Far East, S. Robinia, Acer, branches - to young Far East; Baltic countries; Caragana, (on the plants in Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Vitis , other bark) plantations Transcaucasus; Central Asia deciduous and nurseries 3a.194 Chionaspis salicis Diaspididae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Salix , Populus , Trunks and L – M Main damage S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Fraxinus, branches - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Acer, other (on the plants in Transcaucasus deciduous bark) plantations and nurseries

39 Table 3a. INSECTS HOMOPTERA & HYMENOPTERA

3a.195 Lepidosaphes ulmi Diaspididae Russia: widespread; Baltic Widespread Widespread in the Populus , Salix , Trunks and L – M Main damage countries; Belarus; Moldova; world fruit and other branches - to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; deciduous (on the plants in Kazakhstan; Central Asia bark) plantations and nurseries Hymenoptera 3a.196 Arge [= Hylotoma] Argidae Russia: widespread in birch Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves L pullata area; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.197 Diprion Diprionidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Europe Pinus Needles M – H [= Lophyrus] pini area; Baltic countries; (widespread); Belarus; Ukraine; Algeria Transcaucasus 3a.198 Neodiprion sertifer Diprionidae Russia: widespread in pine East of USA Western Europe; Pinus Needles M – H [Tenthredo rufa] area; Baltic countries; (introduced and Japan; Korea Belarus; Ukraine; not yet widely Transcaucasus distributed) 3a.199 Eurytoma laricis Eurytomidae S.E. Russia, C.E. Russia, S. Not known Europe: widespread Larix seeds VL – L Data of Dr. (= E. bouceki ) Siberia, Transbaik in Larix area, Alain Roques Finland, China 3a.200 Eurytoma Eurytomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacia Nuts VL – L plotnikovi 3a.201 Acantholyda Pamphiliidae Russia: widespread in pine East of USA Western Europe; Pinus Needles M – H Main damage [= Lyda] area; Baltic countries; (introduced and Korea – to young erythrocephala Belarus; Ukraine; not yet widely mono- Kazakhstan distributed) cultures of pine 3a.202 Acantholyda Pamphiliidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia; Not known Western Europe Pinus Needles L – M Main damage [Lyda] Baltic countries; Belarus; – to 2 – 4 hieroglyphica Moldova; Ukraine; year-old Transcaucasus plantations and nurseries 3a.203 Acantholyda Pamphiliidae Russia: widespread in pine Not known Western Europe; Pinus Needles M – H posticalis [Lyda area ; Baltic countries; Japan; Mongolia nemoralis Belarus; Ukraine; (= Acantholyda Kazakhstan pinivora = Tenthredo stellata)] 3a.204 Sirex [Paururus] Siricidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, other Trunks L juvencus area; Baltic countries; coniferous (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus

40 Table 3a. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA

3a.205 Tremex fuscicornis Siricidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Betula, Trunks L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; Chili, China (North Populus (wood) Ukraine – East); Japan; tremula, Salix, Korea Fagus, Quercus 3a.206 Tremex magus Siricidae C. E. Russia, S.E. Russia, S. Absent Western Europe Betula, Fagus, Trunks L – M Siberia (West); Baltic Acer, other (wood) countries; Belarus; Moldova; deciduous Ukraine 3a.207 Urocerus [Sirex] Siricidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Western Europe; Picea, other Trunks L – M gigas area; Baltic countries; Japan coniferous (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3a.208 Croesus Tenthredinidae Russia: widespread except Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Alnus, Leaves L [= Nematus] Far East; Baltic countries; Populus, Salix, septentrionalis Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Corylus 3a.209 Macrophya Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, East USA Europe to the Fraxinus, Leaves L punctumalbum S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Caucasus Ligustrum, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crataegus Transcaucasus 3a.210 Mesoneura opaca Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves L S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.211 Pristiphora Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe Picea Needles L – M abietina S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; [Lygaeonematus Belarus; Ukraine (Nematus) abietinus] 3a.212 Pristiphora Tenthredinidae Russia: widespread in larch Present Western Europe Larix Needles L – M [= Lygaeonematus area ; Baltic countries; = Nematus] Belarus; Ukraine erichsonii 3a.213 Pristiphora Tenthredinidae Russia: widespread in larch Not known Western Europe Larix Needles L – M [= Lygaeonematus] area ; Baltic countries; and young wesmaeli Belarus; Ukraine sprouts 3a.214 Tomostethus Tenthredinidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not yet checked Europe (HR, IT); Fraxinus Leaves L nigritus Russia, S. Far East; Baltic from ES, N. Africa countries; Belarus; Moldova; to the Caucasus Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.215 Trichiocampus Tenthredinidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves L [= Cladius] ulmi S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; (= Cladius Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; uncinatus) Transcaucasus

41 Table 3a. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA, ISOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

3a.216 Megastigmus Torymidae Ukraine; Transcaucasus; California Southern Europe; Pistacia Nuts L – M Data of Dr. pistaciae Central Asia North Africa, Iran, (seeds) Alain Roques China 3a.217 Megastigmus pictus Torymidae Russia: widespread in larch Not known Europe: widespread Larix Seeds L – M Data of Dr. area; Baltic countries; in Larix area, China Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine 3a.218 Megastigmus Torymidae C.E. Russia, S. Siberia, Not known Finland, Denmark, Abies Seeds L-M Data of Dr . specularis Baltic countries Sweden, France Alain Roques 3a.219 Megastigmus Torymidae Russia: widespread in Picea Not known Europe: widespread Picea Seeds M – H Data of Dr. strobilobius area; Baltic countries; in Picea area Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine, Transcaucasus 3a.220 Megastigmus Torymidae C.E. Russia, S.E. Russia, Not known Europe: widespread Abies Seeds M - H Data of Dr. suspectus Transcaucasus, Baltic in Abies area Alain Roques countries; Belarus, Ukraine 3a.221 Konowia [= Xiphydriidae Russia: widespread except Absent Western Europe Betula Trunks L – M Pseudoxiphydria] Far East; Baltic countries; (wood) betulae Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 3a.222 Xiphydria camelus Xiphydriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Alnus, Betula Trunks L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; (wood) Ukraine 3a.223 Xiphydria Xiphydriidae Russia: widespread except Not known Western Europe Salix, Populus, Trunks L – M prolongata Far East; Baltic countries; Betula, (wood) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Quercus, Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Ulmus Isoptera 3a.224 Reticulitermes Rhinotermitidae Ukraine (South) Not known Not known Coniferous and Wood M – H Main damage lucifugus deciduous - to telegraph- poles, wood in buildings, etc. Lepidoptera 3a.225 Hyphantria cunea Arctiidae S. E. Russia; Azerbaijan; Canada, Mexico, Europe Morus, Acer Leaves L – M Georgia; Moldova; Ukraine; USA (widespread); negunda, fruit Uzbekistan China; Japan; trees, Ulmus, Korea; Turkey Juglans, Salix 3a.226 Coleophora Coleophoridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Canada Central & Northern Larix Needles L – M [= Eupista] S.E. Russia, N.E. Siberia, S. (introduced); Europe; Japan; laricella Siberia (West); Baltic USA countries; Belarus; Ukraine (introduced) 3a.227 Cossus cossus Cossidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe; Fraxinus, fruit Trunks L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; Mediterranean trees and other (wood) Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Central region; Western deciduous Asia and Northern China

42 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

3a.228 Lamellocossus Cossidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L [Cossus] terebra S.E. Ru ssia, S. Siberia, S. Far tremula, other (wood) East, Transbaik.; Baltic Populus countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.229 Zeuzera pyrina Cossidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Present Central & Southern Fraxinus, Trunks and L – M Far East; Baltic countries; Europe; Mediter- Quercus, branches Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; ranean region; Ulmus, Malus, (wood) Transcaucasus Southern Africa; Pyrus, other South–East Asia deciduous 3a.230 Endromis Endromidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central and Betula, Salix, Leaves L – M versicolora countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Europe Tilia, Carpinus Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3a.231 Schneidereria Gelechiidae Central Asia Not known Not known Pistacia Nuts L - M [Recurvaria] pistaciicola 3a.232 Abraxas sylvata Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Central and Ulmus, Betula, Leaves L – M S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Northern Europe Prunus padus, East; Baltic countries; Fraxinus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Ribes, Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Grossularia Central Asia 3a.233 Agriopis [Erannis Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M (= Hybernia)] Far East; Baltic countries; Turkey Fagus, Ulmus, aurantiaria Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Betula, Tilia, Transcaucasus Fraxinus, fruit trees 3a.234 Agriopis [Erannis Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M (= Hybernia)] Far East; Baltic countries; Southern Europe; Populus leucophaearia Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Syria; Japan tremula, Transcaucasus Fagus, other deciduous 3a.235 Agriopis [Erannis Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M (= Hybernia)] Far East; Baltic countries; (widespread); Fagus, Ulmus, marginaria Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey Betula, Tilia, Transcaucasus Fraxinus, fruit trees 3a.236 Alsophila [= Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Absent Central and Ulmus, Leaves L – M Anisopterix] Russia, S. Far East; Baltic Southern Europe Quercus, aescularia countries; Belarus; Moldova; Betula, Alnus Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.237 Apocheima [= Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M Biston] hispidaria Siberia; Ukraine Southern Europe Ulmus, fruit trees, Betula 3a.238 Apocheima Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Absent Central Europe Ulmus, Leaves L – M pilosaria [Phigalia S.E. Russia, S. Far East; Quercus, fruit pedaria] Baltic countries; Belarus; trees, Betula Moldova; Ukraine 43 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.239 Biston Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe; Betula, Leaves L – M [= Amphidasis] S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Japan Populus, Tilia, betularia East; Baltic countries; Ulmus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Quercus, Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Fraxinus 3a.240 Biston strataria Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not known Europe; Turkey Quercus, Leaves L – M Baltic countries; Belarus; Populus, Tilia, Moldova; Ukraine; Betula Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.241 Bupalus Geometridae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Central and Pinus Needles M – H [= Fidonia] area ; Baltic countries; Northern Europe piniarius Belarus; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.242 Colotis [= Himera] Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Absent Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M pennaria Russia, S. Far East; Baltic Turkey Carpinus, countries; Belarus; Moldova; Fagus, Betula, Ukraine; Transcaucasus Populus, Salix 3a.243 Ectropis [Boarmia] Geometridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe Abies, Larix, Needles L – H Extremely bistortata countries; Belarus; Ukraine; (widespread) Ribes polyphagous Transcaucasus 3a.244 Ectropis extersaria Geometridae Russia: widespread except Absent Central Europe; Betula, Alnus, Leaves L – M [Parectropis North regions; Baltic Japan Quercus, luridata (= countries; Belarus; Ukraine Corylus Boarmia extersaria = B. luridata)] 3a.245 Ennomos Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Absent Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M quercinaria Far East; Baltic countries; Turkey Betula, Tilia, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Fagus, Transcaucasus Carpinus 3a.246 Erannis Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not known Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Hybernia] Russia, S. Far East; Baltic (widespread) Fagus, Ulmus, defoliaria countries; Belarus; Moldova; Betula, Tilia, Ukraine; Transcaucasus Fraxinus, fruit trees 3a.247 Eupithecia Geometridae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Northern, western Picea , Pinus, Cones and M - H Data of Dr. abietaria area and central Europe seeds Alain Roques 3a.248 Eupithecia Geometridae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Not known Northern western Picea , Cones and M - H Data of Dr. bilunulata [E. N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. and central Europe seeds Alain Roques analoga] Siberia, Transbaik.; Baltic [E. strobilata] countries; Belarus, Ukraine 3a.249 Hylaea [Ellopia] Geometridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central and Pinus, Picea , Needles L – M fasciaria countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Northern Europe Abies [= E. prosapiaria] Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan 3a.250 Lycia [= Biston] Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Western Europe; Ulmus, fruit Leaves L – M hirtaria S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Turkey trees, Salix , East; Baltic countries; Populus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Betula, Tilia, Kazakhstan Acer, Quercus 44 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.251 Operophtera [= Geometridae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Western USA Europe Quercus, fruit Leaves M – H Cheimatobia] Russia, S. Far East; Baltic (introduced); (widespread); Iran; trees, Ulmus, brumata countries; Belarus; Moldova; Eastern Canada Japan; Algeria; Fagus, Tilia, Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (introduced) Tunisia Carpinus, Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan Acer, Salix 3a.252 Poecilopsis Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Northern – Western Deciduous Leaves L – M [= Biston] S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Europe fruit and forest pomonaria Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine trees & shrubs 3a.253 Semiothisa Geometridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Pinus, Picea , Needles L – M [= Macaria] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Abies liturata Transcaucasus 3a.254 Semiothisa Geometridae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Picea , Abies, Needles L – M [= Macaria] coniferous area; Baltic Northern Europe Pinus signaria countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.255 Dendrolimus pini Lasiocampidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Europe (generally); Pinus Needles H – VH area; Baltic countries; Asia (generally); sylvestris Belarus; Ukraine; Morocco Kazakhstan 3a.256 Eriogaster Lasiocampidae Russia: widespread in forest Absent Western Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Lasiocampa = area; Baltic countries; Betula, Tilia, Gastropacha] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Populus Salix lanestris 3a.257 Malacosoma Lasiocampidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Absent Western Europe; Rosaceae, Leaves L – M [= Gastropacha] Siberia, S. Far East; Baltic Northern China; Quercus, neustria countries; Belarus; Moldova; Korea; Japan Populus, Salix Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.258 Cosmotriche Lasiocampidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central Europe Abies,Larix, Needles L – H [= Selenephera = countries; Belarus; Moldova; Picea, Pinus Selenophora] Ukraine lunigera 3a.259 Calliteara Lymantriidae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Picea , Abies Needles L – M [Dasychira] abietis coniferous area; Baltic Northern Europe; Pinus, Larix, countries; Belarus; Ukraine Japan 3a.260 Calliteara Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M [Dasychira] countries; Belarus; Moldova; Japan Fagus, pudibunda Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Carpinus, Kazakhstan; Central Asia Betula, Salix 3a.261 Euproctis Lymantriidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Canada, USA Europe (widely); Quercus, fruit Leaves M – H [= Nygmia] Baltic countries; Belarus; Iran; Syria; Turkey; trees, Ulmus, chrysorrhoea Moldova; Ukraine; Algeria; Morocco; Populus, other Transcaucasus Mauritania; Tunisia deciduous 3a.262 Leucoma Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Canada (West); Europe (widely); Salix, Populus Leaves M – H The most [= Stilpnotia] countries; Belarus; Moldova; USA (East) Mediterranean dangerous salicis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; region; Northern for Kazakhstan; Central Asia Mongolia; China; plantations of Korea; Japan; Salix and Northern Africa Populus 45 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.263 Lymantria Lymantriidae Russia: widespread ; Baltic Canada and Europe (widely); Quercus, fruit Leaves M – VH Extremely [= Ocneria = countries; Belarus; Moldova; USA Mediterranean trees, Populus, polyphagous Porthetria] dispar Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (introduced) region; India; Betula, Larix, Kazakhstan; Central Asia Afghanistan; Iran; etc. Iraq; China; Japan; Korea; Taiwan 3a.264 Lymantria Lymantriidae Russia: widespread in Absent Europe (widely); Pinus, Picea , Needles, H - VH [= Ocneria] coniferous area; Baltic China; Japan; Abies , Larix young monacha countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Korea; Turkey; sprouts and Transcaucasus Mediterranean buds region (generally) 3a.265 Orgyia antiqua Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Present Western Europe; Quercus, Leaves and M - H countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Eastern Asia; Populus, needles Transcaucasus Northern China; Betula, other Japan deciduous , Picea , Larix 3a.266 Sphrageidus Lymantriidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Euproctis = countries; Belarus; Moldova; (widespread); Betula, fruit Porthesia] similis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; China; Japan trees Kazakhstan; Central Asia 3a.267 Acronicta aceris Noctuidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Central and Quercus, Acer, Leaves L – M S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Western Europe; Ulmus, Fagus, Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mediterranean Aesculus, Transcaucasus; Central Asia region Populus, Salix 3a.268 Agrotis segetum Noctuidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Europe Deciduous, Roots L – M Main damage countries; Belarus; Moldova; (widespread); Asia coniferous and - to young Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (widespread); other plants plantations Kazakhstan; Central Asia Africa (widespread) and in nurseries 3a.269 Colocasia Noctuidae N.E. Russia, C E.Russia, S.E. Not known Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Demas] coryli Russia, N.E.Siberia, N.W. Northern Europe Betula, Fagus, Siberia, S. Siberia; Baltic Carpinus, countries; Belarus; Moldova; Corylus, Ukraine; Transcaucasus Populus, Salix 3a.270 Moma Noctuidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central & Northern Quercus, Leaves L – M [= Daseochaeta = countries; Belarus; Moldova; Europe; China; Fagus, Betula, Diphtera] alpium Ukraine Korea; Japan Carpinus 3a.271 Orthosia cruda Noctuidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Central and Quercus, Acer, Leaves L – M [Monima (= S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Northern Europe; Tilia, Betula, Taeniocampa) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Mediterranean Ulmus, pulverulenta] Transcaucasus region Populus tremula 3a.272 Orthosia Noctuidae N.E.Russia, C.E. Russia, S.E. Present Central and Quercus, Leaves L – M [Monima (= Russia, S.Siberia, S.Far East; Northern Europe; Betula, Taeniocampa] Baltic countries; Belarus; Mediterranean Populus, incerta Moldova; Ukraine; region Ulmus, Tilia Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Central Asia 46 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.273 Orthosia [Monima Noctuidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known Central Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M = Taeniocampa] S.E. Russia; Baltic countries; Mediterranean Fagus stabilis Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine region; Japan 3a.274 Panolis flammea Noctuidae Russia: widespread in pine Absent Central Europe; Pinus Needles M – H area; Baltic countries; Northern Mongolia; Belarus; Ukraine Northern China; Korea; Japan 3a.275 Cerura Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Europe (widely); Populus, Salix Leaves L – M [= Dicranura = countries; Belarus; Moldova; Turkey; Northern Harpia] vinula Ukraine; Transcaucasus China; Japan 3a.276 Clostera [ possibly Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe Populus Leaves L – M Pygaera] countries; Belarus; Moldova; tremula, Salix, anastomosis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; other Populus Central Asia 3a.277 Exaereta [= Notodontidae S. E. Russia, S. Far East; Absent Central and Ulmus Leaves L – M Uropus] ulmi Moldova; Ukraine; Southern Europe; Transcaucasus Turkey 3a.278 Leucodonta Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Central and Betula Leaves L – M bicoloria countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Europe; Ukraine Japan 3a.279 Peridea Notodontidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Western Europe Quercus Leaves L – M [Notodonta] anceps Far East; Baltic countries; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.280 Phalera bucephala Notodontidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Western Europe; Quercus, Tilia, Leaves L – M Main damage countries; Belarus; Moldova; Mediterranean Betula, – to city Ukraine; Transcaucasus; region Populus, Salix plantations Kazakhstan 3a.281 Thaumetopoea Notodontidae C. E. Russia (Kaliningrad Absent Central Europe Pinus Needles M Main damage [= Cnethocampa] region); Lithuania sylvestris – to pines on pinivora sand dunes 3a.282 Thaumetopoea Notodontidae Moldova; Ukraine Absent Central and Quercus Leaves L – M [= Cnethocampa] Southern Europe processionea [T. prozessionea] 3a.283 Nymphalis Nymphalidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus, wild Leaves L [= Vanessa] Siberia, Baltic countries; fruit trees polychloros Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus 3a.284 Aporia crataegi Pieridae Russia: widespread; Baltic Absent Europe (widely); fruit trees, Leaves L – M countries; Belarus; Moldova; Mediterranean Quercus, Ukraine; Transcaucasus; region; Korea; Ulmus Kazakhstan; Central Asia China; Japan 3a.285 Dioryctria abietella Pyralidae Russia: widespread in spruce Not known Europe; Korea; Picea , Abies , Cones and M - H Data of Dr. area; Baltic countries; Northern China; Larix , seeds Alain Roques Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus 47 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.286 Etiella zinckenella Pyralidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Canada; USA Western Europe; Pseudoacacia, Seeds L - M countries; Belarus, Moldova, Mediterranean Caragana Ukraine region; tropical and subtropical regions 3a.287 Paranthrene Sesiidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Western Europe; Populus Trunks and L - H Main damage [Sciapteron] countries; Belarus; Moldova; Northern Mongolia (including P. branches - to young tabaniformis Ukraine; Transcaucasus; tremula ), Salix (wood) trees in Kazakhstan; Central Asia plantations and nurseries 3a.288 Sesia [Aegeria] Sesiidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, Present Western Europe; Populus Trunks and L – M Main damage apiformis N.E.Siberia, N.W. Siberia, S. Turkey; North (including P. roots (wood - to young Siberia; Baltic countries; America tremula ), and under trees in South Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Salix, Betula, bark) regions Transcaucasus; Central Asia Tilia, Fraxinus 3a.289 Sphinx pinastri Sphingidae Russia: widespread except Not known Central and Pinus Needles L – M Far East; Baltic countries; Northern Europe; Belarus; Ukraine; Japan Transcaucasus 3a.290 Aleimma [Tortrix] Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S.E. Russia; Not known Central and Quercus Leaves L – M loeflingiana Baltic countries; Belarus; Southern Europe; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey Transcaucasus 3a.291 Archips Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia ; Not known Western Europe; Fruit trees, Leaves L – M crataeganus Baltic countries; Belarus; Turkey; China; Quercus, [Cacoecia (= Moldova; Ukraine; Japan Fraxinus, Archips = Tortrix) Transcaucasus Populus, Tilia, crataegana] Ulmus 2.292 Archips oporanus Tortricidae C. E. Russia, N. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked All Europe, China, Pinus, Abies, Needles L – H (= Cacoecia (= Siberia, S. Far East Japan, Koreas Picea, Larix, Tortrix) piceana) Juniperus 3a.293 Archips rosanus Tortricidae Russia: widespread except Present Europe Quercus, Leaves L – M [Cacoecia (= Far East; Baltic countries; (introduced) (widespread); Ulmus, Betula, Archips = Tortrix) Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey; Northern Fraxinus, rosana] Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; Africa Acer, Populus, Central Asia fruit trees 3a.294 Archips xylosteanus Tortricidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not known Western Europe; Quercus, Leaves L – M [Cacoecia (= Russia, S. Far East; Baltic Near East; China; Fraxinus, Archips = Tortrix) countries; Belarus; Moldova; Korea; Japan Betula, Ulmus, xylosteana] Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Acer, Populus, Turkmenistan fruit trees 3a.295 Blastesthia Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Buds L Main damage turionella [Evetria Siberia; Baltic countries; - to 6 – 16 turionana] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine year-old plantations 3a.296 Choristoneura Tortricidae Russia: widespread in Not known Central and Abies, Picea Needles L – M [= Cacoecia = coniferous area ; Baltic Northern Europe Archips = Tortrix] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; murinana Transcaucasus 48 Table 3a. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 3a.297 Cydia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not known Central and Quercus, Fruits L - M Carpocapsa] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Southern Europe; Corylus, amplana Moldova; Transcaucasus Turkey Fagus, Castanea 3a.298 Cydia [= Tortricidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not known Western Europe; Fagus Fruits L - M Carpocapsa] Moldova; Transcaucasus; Turkey grossana [= Central Asia Laspeyresia fagiglandana] 3a.299 Cydia illutana Tortricidae C. E. Russia Not known Central and Larix, Picea Cones and L – M [Laspeyresia (= Northern Europe seeds Grapholitha) illutana illutana] 3a.300 Cydia [= Tortricidae Russia; Baltic countries; Mexico; Europe (widely); Juglans, fruit Nuts, fruits L – M Laspeyresia] Belarus; Ukraine; Moldova; Canada; USA Asia (widely); S. trees pomonella Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; America (widely); Central Asia Africa; New Zealand; Australia 3a.301 Cydia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in oak Not known Italy Quercus, Acorns, L – M Carpocapsa] area; Baltic countries; Castanea fruits splendana Belarus; Ukraine; Moldova; Transcaucasus 3a.302 Cydia Tortricidae Russia: widespread in spruce Widespread in Western, Central Picea Cones and M [= Laspeyresia = area; Baltic countries; North America and Northern seeds Grapholitha] Belarus; Ukraine Europe strobilella 3a.303 Gravitarmata Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not known Western and Pinus Cones and L-M Data of Dr. [= Evetria] Far East Central Europe seeds Alain Roques margarotana 3a.304 Petrova [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in pine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Young VL – L Main damage Evetria] resinella area ; Baltic countries; sprouts, - to young Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; buds and pine trees Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan needles 3a.305 Rhyacionia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in pine Canada; USA Europe (widely); Pinus Needles, L – M Main damage Evetria] buoliana area ; Baltic countries; Cyprus; Israel; buds and - to 3 - 12 Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Japan; Syria; young year-old pine Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Turkey; Argentina; sprouts plantations Chile; Uruguay 3a.306 Rhyacionia [= Tortricidae Russia: widespread in pine Present Europe Pinus Needles, L – M Main damage Evetria] duplana area ; Baltic countries; (introduced) (widespread); Japan buds and – to 3 – 6 Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine young year-old sprouts plantations 3a.307 Tortrix viridana Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Western Europe; Quercus Leaves M – H Baltic countries; Belarus; Turkey Moldova; Ukraine; Transcaucasus

49 Table 3a. INSECTS & NEMATODES LEPIDOPTERA , ORTHOPTERA & APHELENCHOIDEA

3a.308 Zeiraphera Tortricidae Russia: widespread in Present Southern, Central Larix, Picea, Needles M – H [= Semasia = coniferous area ; Baltic and Northern Pinus, Abies Grapholitha] countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Europe diniana [= Z. Kazakhstan griseana] 3a.309 Zeiraphera [= Tortricidae N. E. Russia Not known Western, Central Picea Cones and L Semasia] and Northern seeds ratzeburgiana Europe 3a.310 Zeiraphera [= Tortricidae N.E. Russia, C.E.Russia, S.E. Not known Western Europe Abies, Picea Female M – H Semasia = Epinotia Russia, N.E.Siberia, N.W. flowers, = Grapholitha = Siberia, S. Siberia; Baltic needles Tortrix] countries; Belarus; Ukraine rufimitrana 3a.311 Zeiraphera [= Tortricidae N. E. Russia Not known Europe Abies Cones and L Data of Dr. Semasia] seeds Alain Roques rufimitrana 3a.312 Ocnerostoma Yponomeutidae Transbaik. Not known Western Europe Pinus Needles L – M friesei sylvestris 3a.313 Yponomeuta Yponomeutidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not known Western Europe Salix, Sorbus Leaves L – M rorellus Baltic countries; Belarus; [Hyponomeuta Moldova; Ukraine rorella (= H. rorellus)] Orthoptera 3a.314 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Eastern USA Western Europe; Deciduous, Roots L - H Main damage gryllotalpa Baltic countries; Belarus; (introduced) Northern Africa; coniferous and – to young Moldova; Ukraine; Near East other plants plantations Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan; and in Central Asia nurseries 3a.315 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae S. Far East Absent Not known Deciduous, Roots L - H Main damage orientalis [G. coniferous and – to young fossor] other plants plantations and in nurseries 3a.316 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae S.E.Russia, S.Siberia (West); Absent Iran; China Deciduous, Roots L - H Main damage unispina Ukraine; Georgia; coniferous and – to young Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; other plants plantations Central Asia and in nurseries Nematodes 3a.317 Bursaphelenchus Aphelenchoidae Russia: widespread; Baltic Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, other Trunks and VL – L mucronatus countries; Belarus; Moldova; coniferous branches Ukraine; Transcaucasus; (wood) Kazakhstan; Central Asia

50 Table 3b. ACARI & INSECTS ACARINA & COLEOPTERA

Table 3b. Forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Acari (Arachnida) 3b.1 Eriophyes (= Eriophyidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus Leaves VL - L Phytoptus) padi Belarus; Transcaucasus; Ukraine; Kazakhstan 3b.2 Tenuipalpus Tenuipalpidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Diospyros kaki Leaves VL - M zhizhilashvilliae (= Trichadenidae) 3b.3 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL - M coryli] Insecta Coleoptera 3b.4 [Rhynchites Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Prunus Fruits & VL – L faldermanni] seeds 3b.5 [Rhynchites Attelabidae Armenia, Tadjikistan, Not yet checked Iran Prunus Seeds L – H zaitzevi] Uzbekistan amygdalus 3b.6 Rhynchites heros Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas, Japan Malus, Pyrus, Fruits & VL – M Prunus seeds 3b.7 [Phonapate Bostrychidae Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Haloxylon Trunks L – M deserti] (wood) 3b.8 Xylogenes dilatatus Bostrychidae Tadjikistan; Turkmenistan Not yet checked Syria, Iran Tamarix Trunks L – M (wood) 3b.9 [Agrilus nivosus] Buprestidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacea Trunks L – M (under bark) 3b.10 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Armenia; Georgia (East) Not yet checked Not yet checked Cydonia, Trunks L – M (= Euanthaxia) Prunus (under tractata] bark) 3b.11 [Capnodis excisa] Buprestidae Georgia; Central Asia Not yet checked India, Iran Calligonum, Trunks VL – L Haloxylon (under bark) 3b.12 [Chrysobothris Buprestidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Elaeagnus Trunks VL – L deserticola] (under bark) 3b.13 [Cratomerus Buprestidae Armenia; Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Trunks L – M mirabilis] Cydonia (under bark) 51 Table 3b. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

3b.14 [Cyphosoma Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran Tamarix Trunks VL – L tataricum] Central Asia (under bark) 3b.15 [Dicerca obtuse] Buprestidae Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Trunks VL – L Kyrgyzstan (under bark) 3b.16 [Sphenoptera Buprestidae Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Trunks L – M (= Tropeopeltis) (under anthaxoides] bark) 3b.17 [Sphenoptera Buprestidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Haloxylon Trunks and L parfentjevi] roots (under bark) 3b.18 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae Tadjikistan; southern Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacea Trunks L – M Cryptocratomerus) Turkmenistan (under turanus bark) 3b.19 Sphenoptera Buprestidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Trunks L – H kaznakovi (= S. amygdalis, (under kaznakowi) other Prunus bark) 3b.20 [Cleroclytus Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked China Malus, Juglans Trunks VL – L collaris (= C. (wood) manifestus)] 3b.21 [Oberea vittata] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Corylus Trunks VL – M (wood) 3b.22 [Phymatodes Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Vitis Trunks VL – L maacki] Koreas (wood) 3b.23 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia (mountains); Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans, Trunks VL – L johannis] Kazakhstan (mountains) Sorbus, (wood) Prunus, Cotoneaster 3b.24 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Trunks VL – L juglandis] (wood) 3b.25 Xylotrechus grumi Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Elaeagnus Trunks L – M (wood) 3b.26 [Cyaniris discolor] Chrysomelidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Leaves VL – L 3b.27 [Labidostomis Chrysomelidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pistacea Leaves L – M stenostoma] 3b.28 Epilachna 28- Coccinellidae S. Far East Not yet checked China; Japan; Solanum, Leaves L – H maculata Koreas Juglans, Crataegus, Aralia, other trees and herbs 3b.29 [Catapionus Curculionidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L semiglabratus] 3b.30 [Phyllobius Curculionidae Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L solskyi] 3b.31 [Lytta coccinea] Meloidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M protecting plants 52 Table 3b. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 3b.32 [Mylabris javeti] Meloidae Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan Not yet checked Northern Iran Sand- Leaves L – M protecting plants 3b.33 [Mylabris Meloidae Southern Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Iran Sand- Leaves L – M sedecimpunctata] Central Asia protecting plants 3b.34 [Teratolytta Meloidae Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves & L – H eylandti] protecting flowers plants 3b.35 Mylabris Meloidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M elegantissima (= protecting M. elegantissimus) plants 3b.36 [Pseudoadoretus Scarabaeidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L dilutellus] protecting plants 3b.37 [Pseudoadoretus Scarabaeidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L validus] protecting plants 3b.38 Adoretus nigrifrons Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran, Afghanistan Sand- Roots VL – M Kazakhstan; Central Asia protecting plants 3b.39 Adoretus pruinosus Scarabaeidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – M protecting plants 3b.40 Chioneosoma Scarabaeidae Central Asia (deserts) Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – M komarovi protecting plants 3b.41 [Dryocoetes padi] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus maacki Trunks VL – M (under bark) 3b.42 [Xyleborus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus maacki Trunks VL – L orientalis] (under bark) 3b.43 Cryphalus pruni Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Malus Trunks VL – M (under bark) 3b.44 Cryphalus scopiger Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Trunks VL – M (under bark) 3b.45 [Argyrophana Tenebrionidae Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L deserti] protecting plants 3b.46 [Blaps pruinosa] Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – M protecting plants 53 Table 3b. INSECTS COLEOPTERA & HOMOPTERA

3b.47 [Blaps scutellata] Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Stems & VL – M protecting leaves plants 3b.48 [Diesia sexdentata] Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L protecting plants 3b.49 [Sarothropus Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Roots VL – L depressus] protecting plants 3b.50 [Sympiezocnemis Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Root L – M gigantea] protecting crowns plants 3b.51 [Sympiezocnemis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Root L – M kessleri] protecting crowns plants 3b.52 [Tagona Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Haloxylon Leaves VL – L macrophthalma] (саксаул ) 3b.53 [Trigonoscelis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L sublaevicollis] protecting plants 3b.54 [Trigonoscelis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L zoufali] protecting plants 3b.55 [Zophosis Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M scabriuscula] protecting plants 3b.56 Adesmia gebleri Tenebrionidae Southern Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves L – M Central Asia protecting plants 3b.57 Blaps fausti Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Stems VL – L protecting plants 3b.58 Sternodes caspicus Tenebrionidae Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Root VL – M protecting crowns, plants stems 3b.59 Trigonoscelis Tenebrionidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Sand- Leaves VL – L grandis protecting plants Homoptera 3b.60 [Aphis catalpae] Aphididae Ukraine; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Catalpa Leaves VL – L 3b.61 [Brachycaudus Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Leaves VL – L pruni-domesticae] 3b.62 [Echinaphis Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L ussuriensis] 54 Table 3b. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

3b.63 [Macrosiphum Aphididae Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans Leaves VL – L fallacies] 3b.64 [Mordvilkomemor Aphididae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Leaves VL – L pilosus] 3b.65 Anuraphis pyri- Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus Leaves VL – M laseri (Crimea); Transcaucasus 3b.66 Prociphilus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pyrus Leaves VL – L kuwanae (= P. kuwanai = P. orientalis) 3b.67 Sappaphis piri (= Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pyrus, Leaves VL – L S. pyri = Anuraphis Koreas Artemisia piricola) 3b.68 Schizaphis pyri Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus Leaves VL – L 3b.69 [Tibicina zevara] Cicadidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Roots & VL – M Crataegus, trunks other trees (bark) 3b.70 Didesmococcus (= Coccidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus Trunks & L – M Eulecanium) branches unifasciatus 3b.71 Eulecanium Coccidae Transcaucasus; Central Asia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Cotoneaster, Trunks & L – M (= Lecanium) Kazakhstan Prunus, Pyrus, branches rugulosum other trees 3b.72 Rhodococcus (= Coccidae Transcaucasus; Central Asia; Not yet checked Iran Prunus, Pyrus, Trunks & L – M Lecanium) Kazakhstan Malus, other branches turanicus trees 3b.73 Tecaspis Coccidae Armenia, Central Asia Not yet checked Iran Prunus, Malus, Lreaves & VL – M (= Noechionaspis) (= Diaspididae) other trees branches asiatica 3b.74 [Aulacaspis mali] Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus, Trunks & VL – M Crataegus, branches Humulus, other trees 3b.75 Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Malus, Trunks & L – H (= Aspidiotus) Crataegus, branches prunorum other trees 3b.76 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus, Prunus, Trunks, VL – M malicola Juglans, other leaves & trees branches 3b.77 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Maackia, Trunks & VL – L yanagicola Syringa, other branches trees 55 Table 3b. INSECTS HOMOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

3b.78 Lopholeucaspis Diaspididae S. E. Russia, S. Far East; USA Brazil, China, Citrus, Prunus, Trunks, M – VH japonica Ukraine; Transcaucasus India, Iran, Japan, Diospiros, leaves & Koreas, Pakistan, Acer, Pyrus, branches Turkey many other trees 3b.79 Phenacaspis Diaspididae Armenia, Central Asia Not yet checked Irak Prunus Lreaves & VL – M (= Chlidaspis) branches prunorum 3b.80 Salicicola (= Diaspididae Central Asia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Pyrus, Prunus, Trunks, L – M Suturaspis = Malus, other leaves & Leucaspis) trees branches archangelskajae (= S. archangelskyae) 3b.81 [Coccura (= Pseudococcidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas Syringa, Trunks & L – M Phenacoccus) Crataegus, branches ussuriensis] Malus, other trees Hymenoptera 3b.82 Ceratina cyanea Anthophoridae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Catalpa, Leaves VL – L (= C. laevifrons) (= Ceratinidae) Ailanthus 3b.83 Arge (= Hylotoma) Argidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Malus Leaves L – H mali 3b.84 Megastigmus Torymidae Russia: widespread; USA, Canada Europe: Rosa Seeds L – M Data of Dr. aculeatus Transcaucasus, Central Asia, Widespread; Japan, Alain Roques Baltic countries; Belarus, Nort h Africa, South Ukraine Africa, Australia 3b.85 Megastigmus Torymidae Central Asia, S. Siberia Not known Japan Cotoneaster Seeds L – M Data of Dr. cotoneastri Alain Roques 3b.86 Megastigmus Torymidae S.E. Russia, C.E. Russia, Not known Europe: widespread Sorbus, Seeds L – M Data of Dr. brevicaudis N.E. Russia, S. Siberia, Amelanchier Alain Roques Central Asia, Baltic countries; Belarus, Ukraine 3b.87 Megastigmus mali Torymidae S. Siberia, Transbaik Not known Japan Pyrus Seeds L – M Data of Dr. Alain Roques 3b.88 Megastigmus rosae Torymidae S. Siberia Not known Western and Rosa Seeds L – M Data of Dr. Central Europe: Alain Roques 3b.89 Megastigmus rosae Torymidae Central Asia Not known Not known Rosa Seeds L – M Data of Dr. kondaricus Alain Roques Lepidoptera 3b.90 Coleophora (= Coleophoridae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Rosaceae Leaves and VL – M Eupista) buds hemerobiola 3b.91 [Holcocerus Cossidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Absent Absent Haloxylon, Trunks L – H campiola] Arthrophytum (wood) ammodendron

56 Table 3b. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

3b.92 [Biston Geometridae Central Asia North America India, Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L cognataria] 3b.93 [Ephoria Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Juglans Leaves VL – L arenosa] manshurica 3b.94 [Gelasma Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Juglans Leaves VL – L grandificaria] Koreas manshurica 3b.95 [Hypomecis (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Malus Leaves VL – L Boarmia = Koreas Jankowskia) athleta] 3b.96 [Jotaphora Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, India Juglans Leaves VL – M admirabilis] (North) manshurica 3b.97 Apocheima (= Geometridae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Morus, fruit Leaves VL – H Main damage Biston) cinerarius trees – on Morus (= A. cinerarium) 3b.98 Cystidia Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Rosaceae Leaves VL – M couaggaria Koreas 3b.99 Zamacra Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L juglansiaria manshurica 3b.100 [Lasiocampa Lasiocampidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana, Leaves VL – L eversmanni] Kazakhstan other trees 3b.101 [Metanastra (= Lasiocampidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Sorbus, Padus, Leaves VL – L Metanastria) other trees subpurpurea] 3b.102 [Phrixolepia Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans Leaves VL – M serica] Heterogeneidae) mandshurica 3b.103 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Malus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) manshurica betulina] 3b.104 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Juglans Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) enthea] Koreas manshurica 3b.105 [Thecla herzi] Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Malus Leaves VL – L manshurica 3b.106 Orgyia prisca Lymantriidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Fruit trees Leaves VL – L 3b.107 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Malus Leaves VL – L Marmonia) bella] 3b.108 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans, Leaves VL – L Calymnia) Corylus unicolor] 3b.109 [Sinna extrema (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L S. ornatissima)] manshurica 3b.110 [Uropyia Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Juglans Leaves VL – L meticulodina] manshurica 3b.111 Papilio bianor Papilionidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Phellodendron Leaves VL – L Koreas amurense

57 Table 3b. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA & ORTHOPTERA

3b.112 Papilio xuthus Papilionidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Phellodendron Leaves VL – L Koreas amurense 3b.113 [Rhodinia Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Phellodendron Leaves VL – L jankowskii] amurense 3b.114 Synanthedon (= Sesiidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Rosacea ssp. Trunks VL – M Aegeria) hector (=Aegeriidae) (wood) 3b.115 [Smerinthus (= Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Juglans Leaves VL – L Phyllosphingia) manshurica dissimilis] 3b.116 Marumba (= Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Rosaceae Leaves VL – M Smerinthus) gaschkewitschii 3b.117 [Tischeria Tischeriidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Rosa Leaves VL – M Rosella] 3b.118 [Tortrix Tortricidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana Leaves VL – M praeclarana] Kazakhstan frutex , Caragana arborescens 3b.119 Ancylis selenana Tortricidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Fruit trees Leaves VL – M Far East; Ukraine 3b.120 Cydia (= Tortricidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Pyrus Fruits L – H Carpocapsa) Transcaucasus pyrivora 3b.121 Eucosma (= Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus , Pyrus, Buds & L – H Semasia) funesta other trees ovaries 3b.122 Spilonota (= Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Malus , Pyrus , Leaves & L – H Tmetocera) other trees fruits prognathana 3b.123 Carposina sasakii Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Malus , Pyrus , Fruits L – H (=Carposinidae) Koreas other trees 3b.124 [Ypsolopha (= Yponomeutidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas Rosaceae Leaves VL – L Cerostoma) (=Plutellidae) sasakii] 3b.125 Illiberis sinensis Zygaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Malus Leaves L – H Koreas mandshurica , Salix , other deciduous Orthoptera 3b.126 [Zubovskia Acrididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Juglans, other Leaves VL - M Main damage parvula] trees – to young plantations and in nurseries 58 Table 4. MITES & MOLLUSKS ACARINA & GASTROPODA

Table 4. Forest pests causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritized

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Acari (Arachnida) 4.1 [Bryobia Bryobiidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL - M ulmophila] 4.2 [Paratetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Platanus, Leaves VL - M (= Oligonychus) Corylus, kobachidzei] Juglans, Quercus 4.3 [Paratetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Leaves VL - L (= Oligonychus) Carpinus longiclavatus] 4.4 [Paratetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea, Pinus Leaves VL - M (= Oligonychus) piceae] 4.5 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer, Aesculus Leaves VL - M aceri] 4.6 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus Leaves VL - L carpinula] 4.7 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Leaves VL - M fraxini] 4.8 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL - L ibericus] 4.9 [Schizotetranychus Tetranychidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL - M ulmicola] Gastropoda 4.10 [Helicella Helicidae Central Asia Not yet checked Afghanistan Robinia, Salix Leaves VL – L Main damage candaharica (= – to nurseries Helix derbentina)] 4.11 [Helicella Helicidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Afghanistan Robinia, Leaves VL – M Main damage (= Xerophila) (Crimea); Transcaucasus Prunus, other – to young derbentina] trees plantations and in nurseries

59 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA

Insecta Coleoptera 4.12 [Tropiderinus Anthribidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Prunus, Trunks VL – M interruptus] Far East Populus, other (wood) trees 4.13 Apion Apionidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Acer Leaves VL – L pachyrrhynchum Curculionidae) 4.14 [Apoderus Attelabidae N. E. Russia, N. W. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Salix, Quercus, Leaves L – M erythropterus] N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Koreas Corylus, Transbaikalia,N. Far East, S. Ulmus, etc . Far East 4.15 [Apoderus jekeli] Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Alnus, Leaves VL – L Corylus, Juglans, etc . 4.16 [Attelabus (= Attelabidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Tilia Leaves VL – L Henicolabus) giganteus] 4.17 Tomapoderus Attelabidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L ruficollis 4.18 [Acmaeodera Buprestidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Trunks VL – L glazunovi] forest trees (under bark) 4.19 [Agrilus Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Trunks VL – M smaragdinus] Betula (under bark) 4.20 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia, Northern Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M Ancylochira - ?) (= S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. China, Koreas other (under Buprestis) sibirica] Far East, N. Far East; coniferous bark) Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan 4.21 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – L Ancylochira - ?) (under rustica nickerli] bark) 4.22 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae Azerbaijan; Armeni a; Central Not yet checked Turkey, Iran, China Populus Trunks VL – L Ancylochira - ?) Asia (under salomonii] bark) 4.23 [Ancylocheira (= Buprestidae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia, Northern Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M Ancylochira - ?) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. China other (under strigosa] Far East, N. Far East; coniferous bark) Kazakhstan 4.24 [Anthaxia Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Turkey, Syria Quercus, Trunks L – M (= Chrysanthaxia) Transcaucasus Prunus (under polychloros] amygdalis bark) 4.25 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under auriventris] bark) 60 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.26 [Anthaxia Buprestidae S. Siberia Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under baicalensis] bark) 4.27 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Kyrgyzstan (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under turkestanica] bark) 4.28 [Anthaxia Buprestidae Southern Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under zarudniana] bark) 4.29 [Buprestis Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L proscheki] (Crimea) (under bark) 4.30 [Chrysobothris Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L amurensis] mongolica (under bark) 4.31 [Chrysobothris Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Quercus Trunks VL – L pulchripes] mongolica (under bark) 4.32 [Eurythyrea eoa] Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Populus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.33 [Poecilonota Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Populus Trunks VL – L dicercoides] (under bark) 4.34 [Scintillatrix (= Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Trunks VL – L Lampra) (under amurensis] bark) 4.35 [Scintillatrix (= Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Ulmus, Trunks VL – L Lampra) suvorovi] Quercus (under bark) 4.36 [Scintillatrix (= Buprestidae S. Far East Not yet checked Northern China Quercus Trunks VL – L Lampra) virgata] (under bark) 4.37 Acmaeodera Buprestidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked China Populus, Trunks VL – M chotanica Morus, (under Pistacea bark) 4.38 Anthaxia Buprestidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L (= Melanthaxia) (under conradti bark) 4.39 Anthaxia aurulenta Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Northern Iran Ulmus, Pyrus Trunks VL – L (= Cratomerus (= Central Asia (under Trichocratomerus) bark) intermedius) 4.40 Capnodis cariosa Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Syria, Iran Pistacea, Roots L – M Prunus, Salix, (under Populus bark) 4.41 Capnodis miliaris Buprestidae Transcaucasus, Central Asia Not yet checked DE, Syria, Turkey, Populus, Salix Trunks L – M Iran, Irak, (under Afghanistan bark) 61 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.42 Chrysobothris Buprestidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L (= Abothris) nana (under bark) 4.43 Chrysobothris Buprestidae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Iran Ulmus, Salix, Trunks L – M affinis tetragramma Juglans (under bark) 4.44 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks L – M Anthaxia) fariniger (under bark) 4.45 Cratomerus (= Buprestidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Turkey, Syria Ulmus, Malus Trunks VL – L Trichocratomerus) Uzbekistan (under aurulentus bark) seniculus 4.46 [Acanthocinus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus, other Trunks VL – L elegans] trees (wood) 4.47 [Acanthocinus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Acer mono Trunks VL – L stillatus] (wood) 4.48 [Acmaeops Cerambycidae Kazakhstan (mountains) Not yet checked China Picea Trunks VL – L brachyptera] schrenkiana (under bark) 4.49 [Anaesthetis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus, other Trunks VL – L flavipilis] trees (wood) 4.50 [Anaglyptus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus Trunks VL – L arabicus] (wood) 4.51 [Anaglyptus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus, Trunks VL – L simplicicornis] Castanea (wood) 4.52 [Asemum Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – M amurense] Koreas (wood) 4.53 [Callidium Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Picea Trunks VL – L chlorizans] S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Koreas, Mongolia (wood) Far East 4.54 [Cerambyx Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus, Trunks VL – L multiplicatus] Fagus, Ulmus (wood) 4.55 [Chlorophorus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Afghanistan, China, Populus, Dry wood, L – H Main damage faldermanni] Central Asia Iran Elaeagnus, Trunks – to dry deciduous (wood) wood wood 4.56 [Distenia gracilis] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Picea, Pinus Trunks VL – L Koreas and other trees (wood) 4.57 [Isotomus comptus] Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked India, Iran, Turkey Carpinus, Dry wood, L – M Main damage Ukraine Quercus, Trunks – to dry Fagus, (wood) wood Castanea, deciduous wood 4.58 [Megasemum Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus sibirica Trunks VL – M quadricostulatum] Koreas (wood) 4.59 [Mesosa hirsute] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Tilia Trunks VL – L (wood) 62 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.60 [Mesosa Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus, other Trunks VL – L obscuricornis] trees (wood) 4.61 [Molorchus Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan; Kazakhstan Not yet checked China Picea Trunks VL – L pallidipennis] schrenkiana (wood) 4.62 [Pachyta Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Pinus Trunks VL – L bicuneata] sibiricus, Larix (wood) dahurica, Picea koraiensis 4.63 [Paraclytus raddei] Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks VL – L (wood) 4.64 [Paraclytus Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks VL – L reitteri] (wood) 4.65 [Paraclytus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus Trunks VL – L sexguttatus] (wood) 4.66 [Patimna liturata] Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Acer Trunks VL – L (wood) 4.67 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks VL – L bartolomei] (wood) 4.68 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Quercus Trunks VL – L christophi] (wood) 4.69 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Quercus Trunks L – M lugubris] (wood) 4.70 [Plagionotus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Trunks VL – L pulcher] Koreas Betula (wood) 4.71 [Pogonocherus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L caucasicus] (wood) 4.72 [Pogonocherus Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L kuksha] (wood) 4.73 [Prionus Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus and Trunks VL – L angustatus] other trees (wood) 4.74 [Rhagium Cerambycidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Quercus, Trunks VL – L fasciculatum] Fagus, Tilia, (under Platanus, bark) Castanea and other trees 4.75 [Rhagium Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – L inquisitor and other trees (under rugipenne] bark) 4.76 [Rhagium Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus, Trunks VL – L pygmaeum] Fagus, Tilia, (under Castanea and bark) other trees 4.77 [Sachalinobia Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Abies Trunks VL – L koltzei] Koreas holophylla, (wood) Abies nephrolepis 63 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.78 [Saperda alberti (= Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L S. decempunctata)] S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. tremula, (wood) Far East Ulmus 4.79 [Saperda Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Koreas Picea Trunks VL – L interrupta] S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. ajanensis, (wood) Far East Pinus sibirica 4.80 [Stenocorus Cerambycidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Turkey Quercus, Trunks VL – L insitivus] Transcaucasus Castanea and (under other trees bark) 4.81 [Stenygrinum Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Assam, Birma, Castanea, Trunks VL – L quadrinotatum] China, Japan, Quercus, Salix (wood) Koreas, Manipur 4.82 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Salix, Trunks VL – L pilosum] Populus, (wood) Ulmus 4.83 [Turanium Cerambycidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Trunks VL – L scabrum] Ulmus, Salix, (wood) Malus, Prunus 4.84 [Xylotrechus Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Trunks VL – L cuneipennis] Koreas Betula, Ulmus (wood) 4.85 [Xylotrechus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Acer Trunks VL – L rufilius] Koreas (wood) 4.86 Acalolepta cervina Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked Birma, China, Alnus, other Trunks VL – L (= Dihammus India, Japan, trees (wood) cervinus) Koreas, Nepal 4.87 Chlorophorus Cerambycidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Betula Trunks VL – L motschulskyi Koreas, Mongolia (wood) 4.88 Compsidia Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia Populus Trunks VL – L (= Saperda) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. balsamifera (wood) balsamifera Far East 4.89 Dokhturovia (= Cerambycidae Kyrgyzstan; Kazakhstan Absent China Picea Trunks VL – M Dokhtouroffia) schrenkiana (wood) nebulosa 4.90 Eutetrapha Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Tilia Trunks VL – L metallescens (wood) 4.91 Hesperophanus (= Cerambycidae S. Far East; Central Asia Not yet checked China, Koreas, Fruit and other Trunks VL – L Trichoferus) (mountains) Mongolia deciduous (wood) campestris trees 4.92 Leptura sequenci Cerambycidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – L (= L. sequensi) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Koreas, Mongolia (wood) Far East 4.93 Mallambyx raddei Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Trunks L – M Koreas Castanea, (wood) Fraxinus 4.94 Mesosa japonica Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Castanea, Trunks VL – L Acer, Malus, (wood) Prunus 4.95 Moechotipa Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus, other Trunks VL – L diphysis trees (wood) 64 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.96 Monochamus Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus, Trunks VL – L guttatus other trees (wood) 4.97 Morimus Cerambycidae S.E.Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Caucasus, Iran, Quercus, Trunks VL – L verecundus Turkmenistan Turkey Fagus, (wood) Castanea, Juglans, other trees 4.98 Parandra caspia Cerambycidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Populus, Salix, Trunks VL – M Alnus, (wood) Quercus and other deciduous 4.99 Prionus insularis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus, Abies, Trunks VL – L Koreas Cryptomeria, (wood) Picea, Cha- maecyparis, and other trees 4.100 Rhesus serricollis Cerambycidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked East Maditerranean, Quercus, Trunks VL – M Iran, Syria, Turkey Fagus, (wood) Platanus, Juglans, Salix, Tilia, Ulmus and other deciduous 4.101 Rhopaloscelis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, other Trunks VL – L bifasciatus Koreas trees (wood) 4.102 Rhopaloscelis Cerambycidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, other Trunks VL – L unifasciatus Koreas trees (wood) 4.103 4.104 [Altica (= Haltica) Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus Leaves VL – L bisulcata] tremula 4.105 [Bedelia angustata] Chrysomelidae Armenia, Turkmenistan Not yet checked Iran Populus Leaves VL – L 4.106 [Bedelia Chrysomelidae Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L kokandica] Uzbekistan 4.107 [Bedelia Chrysomelidae Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L viridicoerulea] Uzbekistan 4.108 [Colasposoma Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Leaves VL – L dahuricum] Far East 4.109 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Corylus Leaves VL – L koltzei] 4.110 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L kulibini] 4.112 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Japan Corylus Leaves VL – L mannerheimi] Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.113 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L pallescens] 4.114 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L peliopterus] Transbaikalia, S. Far East Ulmus,Corylus 65 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.115 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L polymorphus] 4.116 [Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus Leaves VL – L regalis] Transbaikalia, S. Far East Koreas tremula 4.117 [Cyaniris golda] Chrysomelidae N.E. Siberia, Transbaikalia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L S. Far East 4.118 [Cyaniris Chrysomelidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L hypocrita] 4.119 [Euliroetis ornate] Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus Leaves VL – L Koreas tremula 4.120 [Galerucida Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L jacobsoni] 4.121 [Gastrolina Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China Juglans, Alnus, Leaves VL – L peltoidea] Far East Fraxinus 4.122 [Gonioctena (= Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Salix Leaves VL – L Phytodecta) Far East gracilicornis] 4.123 [Labidostomis Chrysomelidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Syria Salix Leaves VL – L asiatica] 4.124 [Labidostomis Chrysomelidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Leaves VL – L sibirica (= L. S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. amurensis)] Far East 4.125 [Luperus Chrysomelidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L gussakovskii Fraxinus 4.126 [Rhadinosa Chrysomelidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L nigrocyanea] Far East tremula 4.127 Agelastica coerulea Chrysomelidae S. Far East North America China, Japan, Alnus, Malus Leaves VL – M Koreas 4.128 Galerucella Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – M maculicollis 4.129 Labidostomis Chrysomelidae S.E.Russia; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L beckeri Ukraine 4.130 Labidostomis Chrysomelidae N.W. Siberia, N.E. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia Betula Leaves VL – L bipunctata S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.131 Labidostomis Chrysomelidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Deciduous Leaves VL – L chinensis trees 4.132 [Acicnemis (= Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus Trunks VL – L Oplocnemis) koraiensis (under palliatus] bark) - ? 4.133 [Chlorophanus Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus Leaves L – M micans] 4.134 [Chlorophanus Curculionidae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L rufomarginatus] 4.135 [Chlorophanus Curculionidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Koreas Salix, Fraxinus Leaves L – M sibiricus] Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.136 [Corygetes Curculionidae Transbaikalia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L marmoratus] 66 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.137 [Curculio Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Acorns & VL – L dickmanni] Corylus nuts 4.138 [Curculio Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Corylus Nuts VL – L distinguendus] 4.139 [Cyphycerus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Juglans, Leaves & VL – L tessellates] Prunus, buds Quercus 4.140 [Hylobius haroldi] Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea, Pinus, Roots, bark L – H Main damage Larix – to young trees 4.141 [Larinus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Leaves VL – L subvariolosus] 4.142 [Magdalis koltzei] Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) - ? 4.143 [Megamecus Curculionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L albilaterus] Malus, Pyrus, Tamarix 4.144 [Myllocerops Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L filicornis] 4.145 [Phyllobius Curculionidae S. Siberia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L dorsalis] 4.146 [Phyllobius Curculionidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L fulvago] 4.147 [Phyllobius Curculionidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus Leaves VL – L pallidipennis] 4.148 [Phyllobius pictus] Curculionidae Ukraine (Crimea); Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L Transcaucasus 4.149 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Juglans Leaves VL – L Polydrusus) obesulus] 4.150 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus, Pyrus, Leaves VL – M Polydrusus) Malus, obliquatus] Robinia, Pistacea 4.151 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Turkey Quercus Leaves VL – L Polydrusus) (Crimea); Transcaucasus ponticus] 4.152 [Polydrosus (= Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Turkey Alnus, Leaves VL – L Polydrusus) Turkmenistan Parrotia rufulus] 4.153 [Pseudocneorrhinu Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Corylus, Buds L – M s obesus Juglans, Quercus 4.154 [Rhynchaenus Curculionidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus pumila Leaves VL – L mutabilis] 4.155 [Trachodes hystrix] Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus, Juglans Trunks VL – L (wood) 67 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.156 Cleonus (= Curculionidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L Stephanophorus) Transcaucasus strabus 4.157 Cossonus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L rotundicollis (under bark) 4.158 Pissodes obscurus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus, Picea, Trunks VL – L Abies (under bark) - ? 4.159 [Byctiscus Curculionidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan Acer, Tilia, Leaves VL – M congener] (= B. (= Attelabidae) Far East Betula, Ulmus, congenor - ?) [(= Populus, B. puberulus)] Fraxinus, etc . 4.160 [Byctiscus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus, Tilia, Leaves VL – L princeps] (= Attelabidae) Malus, Betula, Populus, etc . 4.161 [Byctiscus rugosus] Curculionidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Koreas Populus, Leaves VL – L (= Attelabidae) Far East Malus, Pyrus, etc . 4.162 [Deporaus Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Leaves VL – L unicolor] (= Attelabidae) Corylus, Syringa, etc . 4.163 [Paracycnotrachelu Curculionidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Leaves L – M s longiceps (= Attelabidae) Koreas Corylus (= Apoderus longiceps)] 4.164 [Lyctus suturalis] Lyctidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks L – M (wood) 4.165 [Lytta caraganae] Meloidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus, Leaves VL – M Lonicera, Syringa 4.166 [Lytta menetriesi] Meloidae South-eastern Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus, Leaves L – H Central Asia Ulmus 4.167 Crossotarsus Platypodidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus, Acer Trunks VL – L koryoensis (= C. (wood) koreyoensis) 4.168 [Amphimallon Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – M Main damage volgensis] plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.169 [Anisoplia Scarabaeidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, other Roots VL – L Main damage alazanica] plants – t o seedlings in nurseries 4.170 [Chioneosoma Scarabaeidae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – M porosum] plants 4.171 [Hoplia Scarabaeidae Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – L golovjankoi] plants leaves 4.172 [Hoplia pollinosa] Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey Different Roots and VL – L plants leaves 68 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.173 [Melolontha Scarabaeidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M gussakovskii] deciduous leaves 4.174 [Melolontha Scarabaeidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Different Roots and VL – M kraatzi] deciduous leaves 4.175 [Melolontha Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M permira] deciduous leaves 4.176 [Monotropus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – L Main damage fausti] plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.177 [Oxythyrea Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus and Flowers VL – M albopicta] Kazakhstan; Central Asia other trees 4.178 [Proagopertha Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Malus, Ulmus, Flowers & L – M lucidula (= P. Crataegus, leaves acutisterna)] Rosa 4.179 Adoretus discolor Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, other Roots VL – L Main damage plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.180 Anisoplia farraria Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, other Roots VL – L Main damage plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.181 Anomala (= A. Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey Salix, Vitis, Leaves of VL – L aenea) abchasica Castanea Salix and Vitis, roots of Vitis and Castanea 4.182 Brahmina Scarabaeidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Mongolia, China Different Leaves VL – L intermedia deciduous 4.183 Ectinohoplia Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Malus, Prunus, Roots and L – H rufipes Betula, leaves Corylus 4.184 Epicometis (= Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey, Iran Malus and Flowers VL – M Tropinota) other trees suturalis 4.185 Epicometis senicula Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Turkey, Iran Malus and Flowers VL – M other trees 4.186 Epicometis Scarabaeidae Kazakhstan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus and Flowers L – H turanica other trees 4.187 Holotrichia (= Scarabaeidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Different Roots and VL – L Lachnosterna) Koreas deciduous leaves diomphalia 4.188 Hoplia aureola Scarabaeidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia, Koreas Betula and Roots and VL – M Transbaikalia, S. Far East other plants leaves 4.189 Lachnosterna (= Scarabaeidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked Mongolia Different Leaves VL – L Brahmina) sedakovi Transbaikalia, S. Far East deciduous 4.190 Lachnosterna (= Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – L Holotrichia) deciduous leaves sichotana 69 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.191 Maladera (= Scarabaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Different Roots and L – H Aserica) orientalis Koreas plants leaves (= Serica salebrosa) 4.192 Maladera japonica Scarabaeidae Georgia; S. Far East USA China, Japan, Different Roots and L – H (= Aserica Koreas plants leaves castanea = Autoserica castanea) 4.193 Melolontha aceris Scarabaeidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M plants leaves 4.194 Melolontha afflicta Scarabaeidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots and VL – M deciduous leaves 4.195 Monotropus Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots VL – L Main damage nordmanni plants – to seedlings in nurseries 4.196 Polyphylla Scarabaeidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Different Roots L – H adspersa Kazakhstan; Central Asia plants 4.197 Polyphylla irrorata Scarabaeidae Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked China Different Roots L – H plants 4.198 Polyphylla Scarabaeidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Different Roots L – H tridentata plants 4.199 [Carphoborus Scolytidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus eldarica Trunks VL – L abachidsei] (under bark) 4.200 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae N. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) tremula (under berezinae] bark) 4.201 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus, Salix Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) (under dejevi] bark) 4.202 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) (under klimeschi] bark) 4.203 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) Chosenia (under niger] bark) 4.204 [Cryphalus (= Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked BG Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) tremula (under tremulae] bark) 4.205 [Cryphalus coryli] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Corylus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.206 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus Trunks VL – L carpini] (under bark) 4.207 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus, Trunks VL – L pusillus] Quercus (under bark) 70 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.208 [Dryocoetes Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus, Acer Trunks VL – L ussuriensis] (under bark) 4.209 [Ernoporus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked N. Korea Tilia Trunks VL – L eggersi] (under bark) 4.210 [Ernoporus longus] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Alnus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.211 [Hylastes Scolytidae C.E. Russia, S. E. Russia, N. Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – M aterrimus] W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, S. (under Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Far bark) East; Transcaucasus 4.212 [Hylastes Scolytidae Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L substriatus] (under bark) 4.213 [Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L costatus] (under bark) 4.214 [Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L laticollis] (under bark) 4.215 [Hylesinus nobilis] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.216 [Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L shabliovskii] (under bark) 4.217 [Hylesinus striatus] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – M (under bark) 4.218 [Hylurgus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L longulus] (under bark) 4.219 [Orthotomicus Scolytidae Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L bachmaroensis] (under bark) 4.220 [Phloeosinus Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Cupressus, Trunks VL – L krimaeus] Thuja, (under Juniperus bark) 4.221 [Phloeosinus Scolytidae Transcaucasus; Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks VL – L transcaspicus] (under bark) 4.222 [Pityophthorus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Picea Trunks VL – L jucundus] (under bark) 4.223 [Scolytus belocani] Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Trunks VL – L (under bark) 71 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.224 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L brevipennis] (under bark) 4.225 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L butovitschi] (under bark) 4.226 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks VL – L chikisanii] (under bark) 4.227 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus Trunks VL – L curviventralis] (under bark) 4.228 [Scolytus Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L dahuricus] (under bark) 4.229 [Scolytus ecksteini] Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.230 [Scolytus eichhoffi] Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.231 [Scolytus esuriens] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.232 [Scolytus grandis] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.233 [Scolytus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L granulifer] (under bark) 4.234 [Scolytus koltzei] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.235 [Scolytus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L lencoranus] (under bark) 4.236 [Scolytus lineatus] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.237 [Scolytus possyeti] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.238 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L pubescens] (under bark) 4.239 [Scolytus starki] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 72 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.240 [Scolytus Scolytidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Trunks VL – L tadzhikistanicus] (under bark) 4.241 [Scolytus tauricus] Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.242 [Scolytus taxicola] Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Taxus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.243 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks L – M trispinosus] (under bark) 4.244 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L ussuriensis] (under bark) 4.245 [Scolytus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L ventrosus] (under bark) 4.246 [Taphrorychus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus, Trunks VL – L lenkoranus] Quercus (under bark) 4.247 [Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Acer Trunks VL – L aceris] (wood) 4.248 [Trypodendron Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Alnus Trunks VL – L suturale] (wood) 4.249 [Xyleborus maiche] Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Juglans, Alnus, Trunks VL – L Acer, Betula, (under other trees bark) 4.250 [Xyleborus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L punctulatus] mongolica (under bark) 4.251 [Xyleborus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L quercus] mongolica (under bark) 4.252 Cryphalus (= Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Trunks VL – L Trypophloeus) tremula (under populi bark) 4.253 Cryphalus carpini Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.254 Cryphalus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Corylus Trunks VL – L mandschuricus (= (under C. mandshuricus) bark) 4.255 Ernoporicus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L spessivtzevi (under bark) 4.256 Ernoporus fraxini Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – M (under bark) 73 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.257 Hylastinus tiliae Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.258 Hylesinus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L botscharnikovi (under bark) 4.259 Hylesinus Scolytidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L cholodkovskii (= H. (under cholodkovskyi) bark) 4.260 Hylesinus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L cingulatus (under bark) 4.261 Hylesinus eos Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.262 Hylesinus lubarskii Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (= H. lubarski) (under bark) 4.263 Hylesinus pravdini Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.264 Hylesinus tupolevi Scolytidae Transcaucasus; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.265 Hypothenemus Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked IT, ES, FR Morus, Citrus, Trunks VL – M Vector of eruditus (= H. (Corsica) Tilia, Pinus, (under Deuterophom lezhavai, = H. Carpinus, bark) a lezjavai, = H. citri, Alnus, many tracheiphila = H. juglandis, = other trees H. pusillus) 4.266 Phloeophthorus Scolytidae Ukraine (Crimea); Not yet checked Not yet checked Fagus Trunks VL – L brevicollis Transcaucasus (under bark) 4.267 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L kirgisicus (under bark) 4.268 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L parfentjevi (under bark) 4.269 Pityophthorus Scolytidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L schrenkianus (= P. (under schrenkianae) bark) 4.270 Polygraphus Scolytidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Trunks VL – L seriatus Far East trees (under bark) 4.271 Scolytoplatypus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Trunks VL – L daimio Cornus, Abies (under bark) 74 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA 4.272 Scolytoplatypus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Alnus, Acer, Trunks VL – L tycon Koreas Juglans, Pinus, (under Picea, Abies, bark) other trees 4.273 Scolytus aratus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Ulmus, Prunus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.274 Scolytus claviger Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Carpinus Trunks L – M (under bark) 4.275 Scolytus fasciatus Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Irak, Turkey Prunus, Ulmus Trunks VL – L Central Asia (under bark) 4.276 Scolytus jacobsoni Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Trunks L – M (under bark) 4.277 Scolytus japonicus Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (= S. confusus) (under bark) 4.278 Scolytus Scolytidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L jaroschevskyi (= S. (under jaroshevskii) bark) 4.279 Scolytus mandli Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Fraxinus Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.280 Scolytus schevyrevi Scolytidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks VL – L (under bark)

75 Table 4. INSECTS COLEOPTERA, DIPTERA & HEMIPTERA

4.281 Scolytus semenovi Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks L – M (under bark) 4.282 Scolytus sibiricus Scolytidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L (under bark) 4.283 Trypophloeus Scolytidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus Trunks VL – L asperatus (= (under Cryphalus alni) bark) 4.284 Xyleborus alni Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Alnus, Betula, Trunks VL – L Tilia (under bark) 4.285 Xylechinus bergeri Scolytidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Eleutherococ- Trunks VL – L cus, (under Akanthopanax, bark) Phellodendron 4.286 [Zophosis deflexa] Tenebrionidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Young plants Leaves L – M 4.287 Tentyria nomas Tenebrionidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Seedlings Roots, root L – M crowns, leaves Diptera 4.288 Agromyza Agromyzidae (= S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Egypt, Syria, Israel Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L salicifolii Cecidomyidae) 4.289 Dasyneura] Cecidomyidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves VL – L (= Dasineura) Belarus; Ukraine; Central inchbaldiana Asia 4.290 Rhagoletis turanica Tephritidae Uzbekistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Fruits VL – M (= Trypetidae) Hemiptera 4.291 [Acanthosoma Acanthosomatid Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Malus, Leaves VL – L forcipatum] ae (= Pyrus, Betula,, Pentatomidae) other trees 4.292 Elasmostethus Acanthosomatid C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan Betula, Alnus, Leaves VL – L interstinctus ae (= Far East; Ukraine (Crimea); Tilia, Picea, Pentatomidae) Transcaucasus other trees 4.293 [Arocatus Lygaeidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, other Trunks VL – L fasciatu s] deciduous (under trees bark) 4.294 [Cyllocoris Miridae Transbaikalia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L equestris] 4.295 [Deraeocoris (= Miridae Central Asia Not yet checked China Ulmus, Malus, Leaves VL – L Camptobrochis) Pyrus pilipes] 4.296 [Dichrooscytus Miridae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Needles VL – L consobrinus] trees 4.297 [Dichrooscytus Miridae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Needles VL – L pseudosabinae]

76 Table 4. INSECTS HEMIPTERA

4.298 [Phylus Miridae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL – L limbatellus] trees 4.299 [Psallus cognatus] Miridae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L (Crimea) 4.300 Ephippiocoris Miridae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves VL – L lunatus 4.301 [Acrocorisellus Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Deciduous Leaves & VL – L serraticollis] trees trunks 4.302 [Alloeoglypta Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves VL – L pretiosa] 4.303 [Dalpada Pentatomidae Tadjikistan Not yet checked Afghanistan Platanus, Leaves VL – L pavlovskii] Populus, other trees 4.304 [Holcostethus Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL – L manifestus] trees 4.305 [Lelia Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Deciduous Leaves & VL – L decempunctata] trees trunks 4.306 [Mesopriassus Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer, Sorbus Seeds VL – L vetustus] 4.307 [Palomena Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Leaves VL – L amurensis] Corylus, Acer, other trees 4.308 [Pentatoma Pentatomidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Mongolia Juglans, other Leaves & VL – L metallifer] trees trunks 4.309 [Pentatoma Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked Koreas Deciduous Leaves & VL – L semiannulatum] trees trunks 4.310 [Rhaphigaster Pentatomidae Azerbaijan; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L brevispinus] Ulmus, Platanus, other trees 4.311 [Urochela Pentatomidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves & VL – L quadrinotata] (= Urostylidae) Koreas branches 4.312 Apodiphus Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked India Populus, other Leaves VL – L integriceps trees 4.313 Cellobius Pentatomidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L abdominalis 4.314 [Coptosoma Plataspidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves & VL – L biguttulum] (= Urostylidae) Koreas branches 4.315 Monosteira Tingidae] Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L discoidalis (= Tingitidae)

77 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

Homoptera 4.316 Adelges (= Adelgidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not known Japan Picea Needles & VL – L Chermes) japonicus shoots 4.317 Adelges (= Adelgidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not known Japan Picea Needles & VL – L Chermes) shoots karafutonis 4.318 [Aphis sogdiana] Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L 4.319 [Callipterinella Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves & VL – L betularia] Transcaucasus; Kazakhstan shoots 4.320 [Eriosoma Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L antennatum] 4.321 [Eriosoma Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves VL – L ussuriense] 4.322 [Euceraphis pilosa] Aphididae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Leaves VL – L 4.323 [Pachypappella Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China Populus Leaves VL – L orientalis] 4.324 [Pemphigus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Shoots VL – L saccosus] 4.325 [Pemphigus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L semenovi] 4.326 [Prociphilus (= Aphididae Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves & VL – M Paraprociphilus) shoots ucrainensis] 4.327 [Prociphilus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies Roots VL – L bumeliaeformis] 4.328 [Stegophylla Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L mordvilkoi] (Crimea); Transcaucasus 4.329 [Thecabius Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L latisensoria] 4.330 [Tuberculatus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L flavus] 4.331 [Tuberculatus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L macrotuberculatus] 4.332 [Tuberculatus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L multituberculatus] 4.333 Cinara confines Aphididae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies Needles & VL – L (= C. abieticola) S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, N. shoots Far East, S. Far East 4.334 Cinara Aphididae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Needles & VL – M pseudosabinae shoots 4.335 Eriosoma Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L japonicum (= Schizoneura japonica)

78 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA

4.336 Eriosoma phoenax Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L (= E. phaenax) shoots 4.337 Gootiella alba Aphididae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L 4.338 Greenidea kuwanai Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves & VL – L Koreas shoots 4.339 Kaltenbachiella Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L (= Gobaishia) japonica 4.340 Lachnus (= Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, India, Japan, Quercus, Leaves & VL – L Pterochlorus) Koreas Castanea shoots tropicalis 4.341 Paraprociphilus Aphididae N. W. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus Leaves VL – L baicalensis S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, N. Far East, S. Far East 4.342 Pemphigus Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L niishimae (= P. niisimae) 4.343 Periphyllus Aphididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia North America Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves & VL – L (= Neothomasia) shoots populicola 4.344 Prociphilus oriens Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Fraxinus, Leaves, VL – M Syringa, Roots Abies (roots) 4.345 Tetraneura Aphididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves VL – L nigriabdominalis Koreas (= Byrsocrypta hirsute) 4.346 Tinocallis saltans Aphididae S. E. Russia; Ukraine; Not yet checked West Asia, not Ulmus Leaves VL – L Transcaucasus; Central Asia known in Europe 4.347 [Asterodiaspis (= Asterolecaniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Taiwan Quercus Trunks & L – M Main damage Asterolecanium) branches – to young japonicus] trees 4.348 [Chaitophorus Chaitophoridae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L jaxarti] (= Aphididae) 4.349 [Batrachomorphus Cicadellidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L (=Batracomorphus) branches ulmi] 4.350 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L menzbieri] Eupterygidae) branches 4.351 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves & VL – L ruthenica] Eupterygidae) branches 4.352 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia, Corylus, Leaves & VL – L solearis rossica] Eupterygidae) Quercus, other branches trees, Prunus 4.353 [Edwardsiana Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Platanus Leaves & VL – L tshinari] Eupterygidae) branches 4.354 [Eurhadina Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L oshanini] Eupterygidae) branches 79 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA 4.355 [Kybos bipunctata Cicadellidae (= C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L ulmicola] Eupterygidae) Ukraine; Transcaucasus; branches Central Asia 4.356 [Kybos Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L mesasiatica] Eupterygidae) branches 4.357 [Kybos niveicolor] Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves & VL – L Eupterygidae) branches 4.358 [Typhlocyba ognevi Cicadellidae (= S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves & VL – L (= Ribautiana Eupterygidae) branches ognevi)] 4.359 [Typhlocyba Cicadellidae (= Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L roseipennis] Eupterygidae) branches 4.360 Hyalesthes Cixiidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran, Turkey Populus, Salix, Leaves & VL – L Vector of mlokosiewiczi Syringa, other branches potato plants stolbur phytoplasma 4.361 [Pulvinaria Coccidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Alnus, Salix Branches VL – L costata] 4.362 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Branches VL – L kirgisica] 4.363 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Branches VL – L populeti] 4.364 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Central Asia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix Leaves & L – M salicicola] branches 4.365 [Pulvinaria Coccidae Armenia; Georgia Not yet checked Not yet checked Crataegus, Roots L – M terrestris] Carpinus 4.366 Physokermes Coccidae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Branches VL – L jezoensis 4.367 [Kuwania Coccidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Trunks, VL – L corpulenta] Margarodidae) Castanea, leaves & other trees branches 4.368 [Kuwania minuta] Coccidae (= Ukraine (Crimea); Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks VL – L Margarodidae) Transcaucasus (bark) 4.369 Kuwania betulae Coccidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks VL – L Margarodidae) (bark) 4.370 [Chionaspis Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked China Alnus Trunks & VL – L micropori] branches 4.371 [Chionaspis Diaspididae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & VL – L Montana] branches 4.372 [Chionaspis Diaspididae Armenia, Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus, Trunks & VL – M polypora] Sorbus, other branches trees 4.373 [Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Crataegus, Trunks & VL – L alma-atensis] Malus, Betula branches 4.374 [Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Iran Populus Trunks & VL – L armenicus] branches 4.375 [Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Armenia; Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Branches VL – L turanicus] 80 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA 4.376 [Epidiaspis salicis] Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Iran Salix Trunks & VL – L branches 4.377 [Lepidosaphes Diaspididae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Trunks & VL – L atunicola] branches 4.378 [Lineaspis Diaspididae Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Needles VL – L junipericola] 4.379 [Salicicola (= Diaspididae Central Asia; Transcaucasus Not yet checked Iran Populus, Salix Trunks, L – M Leucaspis) leaves & kermanensis] branches 4.380 Aspidiotus Diaspididae S. Far East (Sakhalin) Not yet checked Japan Taxus, Pinus,, Needles VL – M cryptomeriae Cryptomeria, Chamaecypari s, Abies, other trees 4.381 Chionaspis lepineyi Diaspididae Armenia, Georgia Not yet checked MA, CH, HU, CZ, Quercus Trunks & VL – L Algeria branches 4.382 Chionaspis salicis- Diaspididae S. Far East (Sakhalin) North America Not yet checked Salix, Populus, Trunks & VL – L nigrae Alnus, other branches trees 4.383 Diaspidiotus Diaspididae S.E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Trunks & VL – M (= Aspidiotus) (Crimea); Transcaucasus Juglans branches caucasicus 4.384 Diaspidiotus Diaspididae Turkmenistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Branches VL – L (= Aspidiotus) transcaspiensis 4.385 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae Georgia Not yet checked Japan, India, Juniperus, Needles VL – M pallida (= L. Hawaii Criptomeria, maskelli Taxus, other trees 4.386 Lepidosaphes Diaspididae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Taiwan Populus, Trunks & VL – M tubulorum Syringa, other branches trees, Malus 4.387 Noechionaspis Diaspididae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer, Ribes, Trunks & VL – L kirgisica other trees branches 4.388 Quadraspidiotus Diaspididae S.E. Russia; Armenia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Salix, Trunks & L – H (= Diaspidiotus) Central Asia other trees branches slavonicus 4.389 [Acanthococcus (= Eriococcidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & VL – L Eriococcus) salicis] Pseudococcidae ) branches 4.390 Cryptococcus Eriococcidae (= Transcaucasus Not yet checked DE Acer, Tilia Trunks & VL – L aceris Pseudococcidae ) branches 4.391 Gossyparia Eriococcidae (= Central Asia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & L – M salicicola Pseudococcidae ) branches 4.392 [Mycterodus Issidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves & VL – L intricatus] (Crimea); Transcaucasus branches 81 Table 4. INSECTS HOMOPTERA 4.393 [Kermes (= Kermesidae (= S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks & L – M Kermococcus = Kermococcidae) branches Chermes) corticalis] (probably = Eopineus strobus) 4.394 [Kermes (= Kermesidae (= Azerbaijan Not yet checked Syria, Liban, Israel Quercus Branches VL – L Kermococcus) Kermococcidae) nahalali] 4.395 [Kermes (= Kermesidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, N. Korea Quercus Trunks & VL – L Kermococcus) Kermococcidae) branches nakagawae] 4.396 [Drosicha media] Margarodidae Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Trunks & VL – L branches (bark) 4.397 [Steingelia Margarodidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Betula Trunks VL – L orientalis] (bark) 4.398 [Xylococcus Margarodidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula Trunks & VL – L betulicola] branches (bark) 4.399 Drosicha Margarodidae Central Asia; Kazakhstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus, Trunks, VL – L turkestanica Cydonia, other leaves & trees branches 4.400 Xylococcus Margarodidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Alnus Trunks & VL – L japonicus (= X. branches alni) (bark) 4.401 [Phenacoccus Pseudococcidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Trunks, VL – L (= Paroudablis) leaves & querculus] branches 4.402 [Pseudococcus Pseudococcidae Tajikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Juniperus Trunks & VL – L ju nipericola] branches 4.403 [Spinococcus (= Pseudococcidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Carpinus, Trunks & VL – L Phenacoccus) (Crimea); Transcaucasus Platanus, other branches morrisoni] trees 4.404 [Spinococcus Pseudococcidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Ribes Trunks & VL – L tuberculus] branches 4.405 Phenacoccus Pseudococcidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Malus, Betula, Trunks & VL – L polyphagus Fraxinus branches 4.406 Polystomophora (= Pseudococcidae Ukraine Not yet checked HU Acer, Aesculus Trunks & VL – L Phenacoccus) branches ostiaplurima 4.407 [Psylla moscovita] Psyllidae C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L branches 4.408 [Psylla subnigrita] Psyllidae C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves & VL – L branches

82 Table 4. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA

Hymenoptera 4.409 [Cimbex japonica] Cimbicidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Salix, Populus Leaves VL – L 4.410 Gilpinia (= Diprionidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked FI, SE Pinus Needles VL – L Diprion) verticalis E. Russia; Belarus; Ukraine; Baltic countries 4.411 [Camponotus Formicidae S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks, cut VL – M caryae ruzskyi] Transcaucasus wood 4.412 [Camponotus Formicidae S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks, cut VL – L pennsylvanicus wood saxatilis] 4.413 [Leptothorax korbi] Formicidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks VL – L (wood) 4.414 [Leptothorax Formicidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia Not yet checked Not yet checked Many trees Trunks VL – L melnikovi] (West) (wood) 4.415 [Megachile Megachilidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Robinia Leaves VL – L albidula] 4.416 [Megachile Megachilidae Uzbekistan, Tajikistan Not yet checked Not yet checked Robinia Leaves VL – L kongracensis] 4.417 [Sirex (= Paururus) Siricidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies Trunks VL – L dux] (wood) 4.418 Sirex (= Paururus) Siricidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Larix, Picea, Trunks VL – M ermak Semenov Pinus (wood) 4.419 [Sirex (= Paururus) Siricidae Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Trunks VL – L tianshanicus] schrenkiana (wood) 4.420 [Sirex antennatus] Siricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea, Abies Trunks VL – M (wood) 4.421 [Sirex sah] Siricidae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Iran Populus Trunks VL – L Ukraine; Central Asia (wood) (mountains) 4.422 [Xoanon mysta] Siricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – L koraiensis (wood) 4.423 Sirex (= Siricidae N. E. Russia; Transcaucasus, Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Trunks VL – M Xanthosirex) N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia (wood) tardigradus (= S. (East), Transbaikalia, S. Far cedrorum = X. East; Transcaucasus phantasma) 4.424 [Cladius populi] Tenthredinidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Populus Leaves VL – L 4.425 [Heterarthrus Tenthredinidae Transcaucasus Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Leaves VL – L (= Phyllotoma) flavicollis] 4.426 Eriocampa Tenthredinidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Alnus Leaves VL – L mitsukurii 4.427 [Xiphydria Xiphydriidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus, Picea Trunks VL – M eborata] (wood)

83 Table 4. INSECTS HYMENOPTERA & LEPIDOPTERA

4.428 [Xiphydria picta] Xiphydriidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe, Japan Alnus Trunks VL – L Belarus; Ukraine; (wood) Transcaucasus 4.429 [Xiphydria popovi] Xiphydriidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia Not yet checked Japan Betula Trunks VL – L (East), Transbaikalia, S. Far (wood) East Lepidoptera 4.430 [Captoloma Arctiidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L iteriorata] 4.431 [Rhyparioides Arctiidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus, Malus, Leaves VL – M amurensis] other trees 4.432 [Argyresthia (= Hyponomeutida S. Far East, N. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Abies , Picea Needles VL – M Argyrestia) e fundella f. albicornis] 4.433 Argyresthia (= Hyponomeutida C. E. Russia, N. E. Russia; Not yet checked North, middle and Abies , Picea Needles VL – M Argyrestia) e Belarus south Europe fundella 4.434 [Brahmaea certhia] Brahmaeidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus, Leaves VL – L Syringa 4.435 [Brahmaea Brahmaeidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Fraxinus, Leaves VL – L christophi] Syringa 4.436 [Holcocerus Cossidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Populus Trunks VL – L vicarious] (wood) 4.437 [Drepana Drepanidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L scabiosa] Koreas mongolica 4.438 Epicopeia mencia Epicopeiidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L (= E. albofasciata) 4.439 Dichomeris (= Gelechiidae S. E. Russia, S. Far East, N. Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula , Leaves VL – L Ypsolopha = Far East; Ukraine; Corylus , Hypsolophus) Transcaucasus Carpinus ustulella 4.440 [Abraxas Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus, Salix Leaves VL – M orientalis] Koreas 4.441 [Bupalus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus pumila Needles VL – L cembraria] 4.442 [Bupalus vestalis] Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Pinus Needles VL – L koraiensis 4.443 [Cidaria comis] Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Abies Needles VL – L nephrolepis 4.444 [Cidaria Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea Needles VL – L djaconovi] ajanensis 4.445 [Comibaena Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L tenuisaria] mongolica

84 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA

4.446 [Eilicrinia Geometridae S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan; Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, other Leaves VL – L subcordaria] Central Asia deciduous 4.447 [Erannis (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus, Tilia, Leaves VL – M Hybernia) golda] fruit trees 4.448 [Garaeus mirandus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea Needles VL – L mirificus] ajanensis 4.449 [Hipparchus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L dieckmanni] 4.450 [Hipparchus Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L glaucaria] mongolica 4.451 [Hypomecis (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Abies, Picea Needles VL – M Boarmia) Koreas angulifera] 4.452 [Naxa seriaria] Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Syringa, Leaves VL – M Koreas Fraxinus manshurica 4.453 Arlognophos (= Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Picea, Abies Needles VL – L Boarmia) amoenaria 4.454 Odontoptera (= Geometridae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus ( incl . Leaves VL – L Gonodontis) E. Russia, S. Siberia, P. tremula), bidentata Transbaikalia, S. Far East; Quercus, Belarus; Ukraine; Alnus, Betula, Kazakhstan; Central Asia Prunus 4.455 Zethenia Geometridae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Picea Needles VL – L rufescentaria (= Z. ajanensis consociaria) 4.456 [Gracillaria (= Gracillariidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – M Coloptilia) mandschurica ] 4.457 [Phyllonorycter (= Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus , Leaves VL – L Lithocolletis) mainly P. pruinosella] pruinosa 4.458 Cameraria (= Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus , Salix Leaves VL – M Lithocolletis) obliquifascia 4.459 Lithocolletis populi Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus , Leaves VL – M mainly P. alba 4.460 [Phyllocnistis Gracillariidae C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – M extrematrix] (= Phyllocnistidae) 4.461 [Phyllocnistis Gracillariidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – M xenia] (= Phyllocnistidae) 4.462 Endoclita (= Hepialidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Fraxinus Trunks VL – M Main damage Phassus) mandshurica (wood) – to young excrescens trees 85 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.463 [Bhima eximia] Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Ostrya, Leaves VL – L Quercus, Carpinus 4.464 [Bhima idiota] Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Leaves VL – L Padus, other trees 4.465 Dendrolimus pini Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Pinus funebris Needles VL – L [= D. segregatus] Koreas 4.466 [Dendrolimus Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Rosaceae, Leaves VL – L undans] Koreas Juglans, Quercus, Salix, other trees 4.467 [Epicnaptera Lasiocampidae N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Leaves VL – L arborea] Populus, other trees, Quercus 4.468 [Eriogaster Lasiocampidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana, Leaves VL – M neogena] Transcaucasus Cytisus, Robinia 4.469 Eriogaster henkei Lasiocampidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL – L 4.470 Paralebeda Lasiocampidae S. Far East Not yet checked India Phellodendron Leaves VL – L plagifera , Quercus, Corylus, Tilia, Rosaceae, other trees 4.471 Monema (=Miresa) Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Rosacea , Leaves VL – M flavescens Heterogeneidae) Koreas Ulmus , Corylus , other deciduous 4.472 Parasa consocia Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Many Leaves VL – M Heterogeneidae) deciduous 4.473 Parasa hilarata Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus , Leaves VL – M Heterogeneidae) Koreas Betula , other deciduous 4.474 Parasa sinica Limacodidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Many Leaves VL – M Heterogeneidae) Koreas deciduous 4.475 [Niphanola fusca] Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L mongolica 4.476 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) attilia] Koreas mongolica 4.477 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) mongolica brilliantine] 4.478 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) lutea] mongolica 4.479 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) Koreas oberthuri] 86 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.480 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) Koreas orientalis] 4.481 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) manshurica raphaelis] 4.482 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) Koreas mongolica saphirina] 4.483 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) signata] mongolica 4.484 [Thecla (= Lycaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L Zephyrus) mongolica smaragdina] 4.485 [Canna malachitis] Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China Tilia Leaves VL – L 4.486 [Colocasia (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Betula, Alnus Leaves VL – L Calocasia) mus] 4.487 [Euproctis Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Carpinus, Leaves VL – L (=Artaxa) Koreas Ostryia niphonis] 4.488 [Gynaephora Lymantriidae N. Siberia, N. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Betula, Salix, Leaves VL – L lugens] other trees 4.489 [Leucoma Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L (=Arctonis) alba] mongolica 4.490 [Leucoma flavo- Lymantriidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves L – H sulfurea Ersch.] ! 4.491 [Olene olga] Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Padus, Leaves VL – L Corylus, Acer 4.492 Calliteara (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus, Leaves VL – L Dasychira) lunulata Castanea, other trees 4.493 Calliteara (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Cryptomeria, Leaves VL – L Dasychira) Koreas other trees pseudabietis 4.494 Euproctis (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Nygmia) piperita Koreas mongolica 4.495 Euproctis Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus, Leaves VL – L (=Artaxa) subflava Koreas Castanea, other trees 4.496 Leucoma candida Lymantriidae N. E. Siberia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus ( incl . Leaves VL – M Transbaikalia, N. Far East, S. Koreas, Mongolia P. tremula) Far East 4.497 Numens (= Lymantriidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Carpinus, Leaves VL – L Numenes) disparilis Koreas Ostryia 4.498 [Amphipyra Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Betula Leaves VL – L schrenki] Koreas davurica 4.499 [Aucha Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus, Tilia Leaves VL – L flavomaculata] 87 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.500 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Ephesia) dissimilis] mongolica 4.501 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Ephesia) praegnax] Koreas mongolica 4.502 [Catocala (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Quercus Leaves VL – L Ephesia) streckeri] mongolica 4.503 [Catocala Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L (=Marmonia) dula] mongolica 4.504 [Catocala lara] Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Tilia Leaves VL – L 4.505 [Chasminodes (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Tilia Leaves VL – L Leocyma) albonitens] 4.506 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Calymnia) Koreas mongolica camptostigma] 4.507 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Quercus, Tilia Leaves VL – L Calymnia) moderata] 4.508 [Cosmia (= Noctuidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not known Ulmus Leaves VL – L Calymnia) ulmivora] 4.509 [Cosmia imbuta] Noctuidae S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L 4.510 [Pangrapta Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L vasava] 4.511 [Xanthia gilvago] Noctuidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus, Inflorescen VL – L Central Asia; Transcaucasus Ulmus ces 4.512 Cosmia (= Noctuidae Central Asia (mountains) Not yet checked Not known Rosaceae, Leaves VL – M Calymnia) subtilis Populus 4.513 Thyas (= Lagoptera Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Betula, Prunus Leaves VL – L = Dermaleipa) juno Koreas, Malaya & other trees 4.514 [Acronicta Noctuidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L catocaloida] Lymantriidae) mongolica 4.515 [Acronicta Noctuidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Ulmus Leaves VL – L hercules] Lymantriidae) 4.516 Acronicta Noctuidae (= S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Fagus, Alnus, Leaves VL – L intermedia (= A. Lymantriidae) Koreas Rosaceae incretata) 4.517 Acronicta lutea Noctuidae (= S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus, Leaves VL – L Lymantriidae) Far East Koreas, Mongolia Carpinus 4.518 [Nola fumosa] Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L (=Arctiidae) 4.519 [Earias pudicana Noctuidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Populus Leaves VL – L pupillana] (=Cymbidae) 4.520 Earias turana Noctuidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not known Salix Leaves VL – L (=Cymbidae) 4.521 Nycteola (= Noctuidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not known Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L Sarrothripus) (=Cymbidae) asiatica 88 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.522 [Raphia Noctuidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Populus Leaves VL – L approximata] (=Lymantriidae) 4.523 Acronicta Noctuidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Iran, China Populus, Salix Leaves VL – L megacephala (=Lymantriidae) (=Subacronicta centralis) 4.524 [Cerura (= Notodontidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Populus ( esp. Leaves VL – M Harpyia) lanigera] Far East; Georgia P. tremula), Salix 4.525 [Cerura Notodontidae S. E. Russia, S. Siberia; Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix Leaves VL – L aeruginosa] Kazakhstan; Central Asia 4.526 [Clostera (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Populus Leaves VL – L Pygaera) tremula curtuloides] 4.527 [Cnethodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Ulmus, Tilia Leaves VL – L grisescens] 4.528 [Dicranura (= Notodontidae Central Asia Not yet checked Not yet checked Salix, Populus Leaves VL – M Cerura = Harpyia) przewalskii] 4.529 [Lophocosma Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Corylus, Leaves VL – L atriplaga] Ostrya, Carpinus 4.530 [Nadata splendida] Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Koreas mongolica 4.531 [Notodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Betula Leaves VL – L dembovskii] 4.532 [Phalerodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L bombycina] mongolica 4.533 [Pterostoma Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Populus Leaves VL – L grisea] tremula, Maackia amurensis 4.534 [Ptilodon (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Acer Leaves VL – L Lophopteryx) barbinerve suturata] 4.535 [Spatalia (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Spatelia) dives] mongolica 4.536 [Spatalia (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L Spatelia) doerriesi] mongolica 4.537 [Spatalia (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Spatelia) plusiotis] Koreas mongolica 4.538 [Stauropus basalis] Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Carpinus Leaves VL – L 4.539 [Urodonta Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L viridimixta] mongolica 4.540 Lampronadata (= Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Nadata) cristata Koreas mongolica 4.541 Phalera assimilis Notodontidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Koreas 4.542 [Apatura nycteis] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Ulmus Leaves VL – L 89 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA 4.543 [Apatura schrenki] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked North Korea Carpinus, Leaves VL – L Ostrya, Ulmus 4.544 [Neptis thisbe] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus Leaves VL – L mongolica 4.545 [Sephisa dichroa] Nymphalidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Quercus Leaves VL – L Koreas, Vietnam incana 4.546 [Salebria lornata] Pyralidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Pinus Needles VL – L thunbergiana, other Pinus 4.547 Elegia fallax (= E. Pyralidae S. E. Russia; Armenia Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves VL – L atrifasciella) 4.548 [Caligula (= Saturniidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked Japan, Mongolia Quercus, Tilia, Leaves VL – M Calligula) Corylus, boisduvalii] Juglans 4.549 Actias selene Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, India, Japan, Salix, Juglans Leaves VL – L Malaya, Sri Lanka manshurica, other trees 4.550 Antheraea pernyi Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Quercus, Leaves VL – L Castanea 4.551 Antheraea yamamai Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus, Leaves VL – L Castanea 4.552 Caligula (= Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Juglans, Leaves VL – M Dictyoploca) Taiwan Quercus, other japonica trees, Castanea 4.553 Neoris (= Saturnia) Saturniidae Kazakhstan, Central Asia Not yet checked Indis, Iran, Pakistan Crataegus, Leaves L – H huttoni (= N. (mountains) Fraxinus, fruit stoliczkana = N. trees, Acer, schenki) Pistacea 4.554 Rhodinia fugax Saturniidae S. Far East Not yet checked Japan Quercus Leaves VL – L mongolica 4.555 Synanthedon Sesiidae C. E. Russia, N. E. Russia; Not yet checked Europe and Asia Alnus , Betula Sprouts and VL – M spheciformis (=Aegeriidae) Belarus; all Siberia, generally branches Transbaikalia, all Far East 4.556 [Dalbina exacta] Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Koreas Fraxinus, Leaves VL – L Syringa 4.557 [Kentrochrysalis Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not known Fraxinus Leaves VL – L streckeri] manshurica 4.558 [Marumba Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan Tilia Leaves VL – L jankowskii] mandshurica 4.559 [Marumba maacki] Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Tilia Leaves VL – L amurensis 4.560 [Marumba Sphingidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, India Castanea, Leaves VL – L sperchius] Quercus

90 Table 4. INSECTS LEPIDOPTERA & ORTHOPTERA

4.561 [Smerinthus (= Sphingidae Transbaikalia, S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Ulmus Leaves VL – M Callambulyx) Koreas tatarinovi] 4.562 [Smerinthus Sphingidae C. E. Russia, S. Siberia, Not yet checked China, Japan Salix, Populus Leaves VL – L coecus] Transbaikalia, S. Far East 4.563 Smerinthus planus Sphingidae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan Populus, Salix, Leaves VL – M Far East fruit trees 4.564 [Ancylis Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Leaves L – H repandana] mongolica 4.565 [Archips (= Tortricidae Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Not yet checked Not yet checked Acer Trunks VL – L Cacoecia = Uzbekistan (wood) Tortrix) sarthana] 4.566 [Archips (= Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Prunus , other Leaves VL – L Cacoecia) deciduous disparana] 4.567 [Pammene Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus Sprouts L – M glaucana] mongolica 4.568 [Tortrix Tortricidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Tilia Leaves L – H aurichalcana] Koreas 4.569 [Eclysma Zygaenidae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Many Leaves VL – M westwoodi] Koreas deciduous Orthoptera 4.570 [Primnoa Acrididae S. Far East Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Leaves VL - M ussuriensis] plants 4.571 Anacridium (= Acrididae S. E. Russia; Transcaucasus; Not yet checked Mediterranean, Robinia, Leaves VL - M Acridium) Ukraine (Crimea); Iran, Afghanistan; Populus, aegyptium Kazakhstan; Central Asia Northern Africa Quercus, other trees 4.572 Eirenephilus Acrididae S. Siberia, Transbaikalia, S. Not yet checked China, Japan, Populus, Leaves VL - M longipennis (= E. Far East; Kazakhstan Koreas, Mongolia Ulmus, Malus, debilis) other trees 4.573 Oedaleus infernalis Acrididae S. Far East Not yet checked China, Japan, Deciduous Leaves VL - L Main damage Koreas plants – to young plantations and in nurseries 4.574 Prumna Acrididae S. Siberia, N. E. Siberia, N. Not yet checked China, Mongolia Populus, Leaves VL - M (=Primnoa) Far East, Transbaikalia, S. Syringa, primnoa Far East Juglans, other trees 4.575 Schistocerca Acrididae Transcaucasus; Central Asia Not yet checked Iran, Afghanistan, Populus, Salix, Leaves VL - M gregaria Pakistan; Africa Acer, other trees 4.576 Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpidae S. Far East; Central Asia Not yet checked China, Japan, Deciduous Roots L - M Main damage africana Afghanistran, plants – to young Australia, New plantations Zealand, Africa, and in South Eastern Asia nurseries

91 Table 4. INSECTS ORTHOPTERA

4.577 [Isophya caspica Tettigoniidae Azerbaijan Not yet checked Iran Quercus, Leaves VL – L stshelkanovtzevi] Parrotia, other trees 4.578 [Isophya gracilis Tettigoniidae S. E. Russia Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Acer, Leaves VL – M (= I. vulgaris)] other trees 4.579 [Pholidoptera Tettigoniidae Armenia; Azerbaijan Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous & Leaves VL – L (=Uvarovitsia) fruit trees satunini] 4.580 Isophya Tettigoniidae Georgia Not yet checked Turkey Fraxinus, Leaves VL – M redtenbacheri Robinia, Pyrus, Quercus, other trees 4.581 Isophya taurica Tettigoniidae Ukraine (Crimea) Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Leaves VL – M Carpinus, Pyrus, other trees 4.582 Pholidoptera Tettigoniidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous & Leaves VL – L pustulipes (= (Crimea) fruit trees Olynthoscelis pontica) 4.583 Poecilimon Tettigoniidae S. E. Russia; Ukraine Not yet checked Not yet checked Different trees Leaves VL – L scythicus and other plants

92 Table 5. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 5. Priority forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR

Distribution Main host plants in Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North America In other countries the former USSR parts of significance organisms plants in area of origin Fungi 5.1 Stegophora ulmea Ascomycetes: Absent Canada (at least in Netherlands U. americana Leaves, L – M (Schweinitz: Fries) Diaporthales Quebec, Nova (successfully (preferred host), U. twigs & Sydow & Sydow (= Scotia, but likely eradicated in alata , U. buds Gnomonia ulmea to occur in other 2000); carpinifolia , U. provinces), USA China (likely, crassifolia , U. (Schweinitz: Fries) (widespread from since repeatedly glabra , U. Thümen = the Great Plains to detected on hollandica , U. ‘Gloeosporium the Atlantic exported bonsais) japonica , U. ulmicolum ’ = Ocean) laciniata, U. laevis , Cylindrosporella U. parvifolia , U. ulmea = Asteroma procera , U. pumila , ulmea (L.E. Miles) U. serotina, U. Sutton = thomasii , U. rubra , Gloeosporium ulmeum Zelkova serrata = Sphaeria ulmea Schweinitz: Fries = Dothidella ulmea (Schweinitz: Fries) Ellis & Everhart = Lambro ulmea (Schweinitz: Fries) E. Müller in E. Müller & Arx) ** 5.2 Cronartium fusiforme Basidiomycetes, S. Far East USA (Central & Asia, India Pinus Trunks L – M Already [= Peridermium Uredinales Eastern) (wood) EPPO cerebrum ] quarantine pest

93 Table 6. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 6. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, for which more information is needed

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 6.1 [Anisomyces Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread Not known ? Coniferous Wood L – M Main damage odoratus (= Diaporthales – to treated Anisimyces wood odorata) ] 6.2 [Biatorella Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in pine Not known ? Pinus Trunks and L – M Main damage difformis (= Lecanorales area; Baltic countries; branches – to young Biatoridina Belarus trees pinastri) ] 6.3 [Cenangium ulmi ] Ascomycetes, ? Not known ? Ulmus Central L - M Main damage Helotiales buds and - to young sprouts trees 6.4 [Ceratocystis buxi ] Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Wood L Ophiostomatales 6.5 [Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Wood L exiguum ][possibly Ophiostomatales Ceratostomella exigua = Ophiostoma minus 6.6 [Coriolus Basidiomycetes ? Not known ? Coniferous & Wood L – H Main damage vaporarius ] deciduous – to buildings possibly = Anthrodia sinuosa 6.7 [Cylindrosporium Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves L Main damage ulmi (= Phyllosticta Dothideales – to seedlings bellunensis) ] possibly C. ulmicola 6.8 [Cytophoma Deuteromycetes , S. E. Russia Not known ? Fraxinus Trunks & L – H pulchella ] Sphaeropsidales excelsior branches (wood) 6.9 [Eidamia ? ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Quercus, Wood L catenulata ] Juglans 6.10 [Endoxylina Ascomycetes, ? S. E. Russia ; Ukraine Not known ? Fraxinus Trunks L – M stellulata ] excelsior (wood) 6.11 [Epicoccum Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous Wood L purpureum ] Dothideales possibly E. purpurascens

94 Table 6. PATHOGENS FUNGI & BACTERIA

6.12 [Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Not known ? Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage amelanchieris ] Uredinales Transcaucasus communis, (wood) – to young fruit trees trees 6.13 [Hericium Basidiomycetes ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Deciduous Wood L diversidens ] 6.14 Ophiostoma Ascomycetes, ? Not known ? Quercus Trunks & L – H Main damage kubanicum Ophiostomatales branches - to young (wood) trees and seedlings 6.15 [Phyllosticta Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Ulmus Leaves L Main damage lacerans ] Dothideales – to seedlings 6.16 [Sclerophoma Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia; Kazakhstan Not known ? Pinus Needles & L – M Main damage pithya v. Hohnk] Dothideales central - to possibly S. sprouts seedlings and pithyophila or to 4 – 12 pythiophila year-old plantations 6.17 [Typhula Basidiomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known ? Pinus and Buds of 1- L – M Main damage graminearum ] Aphyllophorales S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far other trees year – to young East; Baltic countries; seedlings seedlings Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 6.18 [Verticillium Ascomycetes, ? Not known ? Quercus, Acer, Trunks M – H Main damage cubanicum (= V. Hypocreales Ulmus, Tilia, (wood) – to kubanicum) ] Betula, seedlings and Populus, other young trees trees 6.19 [Verticillium Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Coniferous & Wood L glaucum ] Hypocreales deciduous Bacteria 6.20 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread in oak area Not known ? Quercus Trunks & L – M Vector – quercus ] Pseudomonada- branches aphid ceae (wood) Lachnus roboris 6.21 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread Not known ? Populus Trunks & L – M remifaciens ] Pseudomonada- (including P. branches ceae tremula) (wood)

95 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 7a. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, but which are already present in other parts of the EPPO region

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 7a.1 Apiognomonia Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Tilia Leaves, L – M Main damage errabunda Melanconiales stems of – to seedlings [Gloeosporium seedlings tiliae (= Gnomonia tiliae) ] 7a.2 Apiognomonia Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus Leaves, L The main quercina Melanconiales acorns damage – to [Gloeosporium seedlings quercinum (probably – Gnomonia quercinum) ] 7a.3 Armillaria mellea Basidiomycetes, Widespread USA Europe Deciduous & Roots & L – H Agaricales coniferous trunks (wood) 7a.4 Botryotinia Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea, Larix, Needles L – M Main damage fuckel iana [ Botrytis Helotiales Abies, Pinus, – to seedlings cinerea ] other plants in glasshouse nurseries 7a.5 Cenangium Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus Central L - M Main damage ferruginosum [ C. Helotiales buds and – to 15 – 20 abietis (= sprouts year-old Dothichiza pines ferruginosa) ] 7a.6 Cenangium Ascomycetes, ? Present (in Europe Populus, Central L - M Main damage populneum (= Helotiales temperate zone) Fraxinus, buds and – to young Encoelia Salix, Sorbus sprouts trees fascicularis) [= Dothichiza populina ] 7a.7 [Ceratocystis fagi ] Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Deciduous Wood L = C. piceae Ophiostomatales 7a.8 [Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked E. Europe Deciduous Wood L quercus ] Ophiostomatales 7a.9 Chrysomyxa abietis Basidiomycetes, Russia; Latvia; Lithuania; Not known Europe Picea, Abies Needles VL – L Main damage Uredinales Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (widespread); Japan – to young plants 7a.10 Chrysomyxa ledi Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea Needles VL – L Main damage Uredinales – to young plants 96 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.11 Chrysomyxa Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea Cones and L – M pirolata [= Ch. Uredinales seeds pyrolae ] 7a.12 Ciboria Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Betula Seeds VL – L Main damage [Sclerotinia ] Helotiales – in storage betulae 7a.13 Colpoma Ascomycetes, ? USA (in Europe Quercus Trunks & L – M Main damage (= Hysterium) Diaporthales temperate zone) branches – to young quercinum (bark and trees [Cytospora wood) quercella (= Clithris quercina) ] 7a.14 Coniophora Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Coniferous and Wood L – M Main damage cerebella (= C. ? deciduous – to buildings puteana) 7a.15 [Coriolus Basidiomycetes ? N. America Europe Deciduous Wood L hirsutus ]= (temperate) Trametes hirsuta 7a.16 Cronartium Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Not known Europe Pinus Trunks and L – H Main damage flaccidum Uredinales susceptible pines area; Baltic (widespread); sylvestris, P. branches – to 30 – 50 [Endocronartium countries; Belarus; Moldova; China; Japan; nigra, P. (wood) year-old pini](= Ukraine; Transcaucasus Korea montana, other monocultures Peridermium pini) Pinus of pines 7a.17 Cronartium Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Canada and Europe (widely); Pinus strobus, Trunks and L – H Main damage ribicola Uredinales susceptible pines area; Baltic USA (in Asia (widely); P. sibirica, P. branches – to Pinus countries; Belarus; Moldova; temperate zone) Taiwan mandchurica , (wood) strobus other Pinus, Ukraine Ribes 7a.18 Cryphonectria Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia, S. Far East; Canada and Europe (widely); Castanea, Trunks and L – H Main damage [Endothia ] Diaporthales Ukraine; Georgia USA (in China; India; Japan; Fagus, branches – to parasitica temperate zone) Korea; Taiwan; Quercus, (wood) Castanea Turkey; Tunisia Carpinus forests at the Caucasus 7a.19 Cryptodiaporthe Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Populus Trunks and L – M Main damage [= Dothichiza ] Diaporthales branches - to young populea trees 7a.20 Cytospora Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Carpinus Trunks & L – M Main damage decipiens Sphaeropsidales branches – to young (bark and trees wood) 7a.21 [Cytospora foetida ] Deuteromycetes, S. E. Russia Not known Bulgaria Populus, other Trunks & L – H Main damage Sphaeropsidales deciduous branches – to young (bark and trees wood) 7a.22 [Cytospora Deuteromycetes, Russia: widespread in oak Canada Germany, Hungary Quercus Acorns, L – M Main damage intermedia ] Sphaeropsidales area; Ukraine trunks & – to young branches trees 7a.23 [Discula brunneo- Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Coniferous Wood L tingens ] Phacidiales 97 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.24 Epicoccum nigrum Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Coniferous Wood L [E. purpurascens ] Dothideales 7a.25 [Fibuloporia Basidiomycetes Russia: widespread N.America Europe, Nepal Coniferous & Wood L – H Main damage vaillantii ] = Poria deciduous – to buildings (Antrodia) vaillantii 7a.26 Fomes fomentarius Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Betula, Fagus, Trunks L – M Main damage Aphyllophorales Populus, (wood) – to wood Alnus, Salix, other trees 7a.27 Fomitopsis [= Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Central and Europe Larix, Pinus, Trunks L – M Main damage Fomes ] (= Aphyllophorales coniferous area; Baltic Western North Abies, some (wood) – to wood Laricifomes) countries; Belarus America other officinalis coniferous 7a.28 Fomitopsis (= Basidiomycetes, ? Present Europe (widely); Coniferous & Trunks L – M Main damage Fomes) pinicola Aphyllophorales Asia (widely) some (wood) – to wood deciduous 7a.29 Fomitopsis rosea Basidiomycetes, ? Canada; USA Europe (widely); Pinus, other Wood L – M Main damage (= Fomes roseus) Aphyllophorales India; Japan; coniferous – to treated Kenya; Pakistan; wood 7a.30 Gibberella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Pinus, Picea Wood L pulicaris [ Fusarium Hypocreales sambucinum ] 7a.31 Gloeophyllum Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread Widespread Europe.Widespread Pinus, Picea, Wood L – M sepiarium ? in Northern other (= G. hirsutum = hemisphere coniferous Lenzites sepiaria) 7a.32 Gremmeniella Ascomycetes, Russia; Estonia; Lithuania; Canada; USA Europe Picea abies, Needles L – H Main damage [= Ascocalyx ] Helotiales Belarus; Georgia (widespread); Japan Pinus – in nurseries abietina sylvestris, and to young [= Scleroderris Pinus, Picea, plantations lagerbergii = Larix, Abies Brunchorstia pinea = B. destruens ] 7a.33 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; USA Europe Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damag e clavariiforme Uredinales Transcaucasus communis, (wood) – to young fruit trees trees 7a.34 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Canada (BC) Europe (widely); Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage fuscum [ G. sabinae ] Uredinales Transcaucasus and USA (CA) China; Cyprus; sabina, J. (wood) – to young (not widely) Lebanon; Syria; rubescens, J. trees Turkey; Arab virginiana, Emirates; Algeria; Pyrus, other Morocco fruit trees 7a.35 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Widespread Europe, Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage juniperinum [ G. Uredinales Transcaucasus Widespread in communis, (wood) – to young juniperi ] (= G. temperate Northern fruit trees trees cornutum) hemisphere 98 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.36 Gymnosporangium Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Ukraine; Present Europe; Western Juniperus Trunks L – M Main damage tremelloides [ G. Uredinales Transcaucasus Africa; East Asia communis, (wood) – to young mali-tremelloides ] fruit trees trees 7a.37 Herpotrichia Ascomycetes, ? Widespread Europe (widely); Picea, Pinus, Needles L – M Main damage juniperi (= H. Dothideales Asia (widely) Juniperus – to seedlings nigra) 7a.38 Heterobasidion Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread in Mexico; Cuba; Europe (widely); Pinus, Picea, Roots and M – VH annosum Aphyllophorales coniferous area; Baltic Canada; USA Asia (widely); Abies, Larix, trunks [Fomitopsis countries; Belarus; Ukraine Morocco; Papua Juniperus (wood) annosa ] (= Fomes New Guinea; Fiji; annosus) Dominican Repub.; Jamaica; Australia; New Zealand 7a.39 Hirschioporus Basidiomycetes ? N. America Europe Coniferous Wood L abietinus = Trichaptum abietinum 7a.40 Hypoxylon Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread; Ukraine Canada; USA Europe except Populus Trunks & L – M mammatum [ H. Sphaeriales North tremula, branches pruinatum ] Populus (wood) 7a.41 Inonotus Basidiomycetes, Widespread in oak area Widespread Europe, Quercus Trunks L – M Main damage (= Polyporus) Aphyllophorales Widespread in (wood) – to wood dryophilus temperate Northern hemisphere 7a.42 Ischnoderma Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread Widespread Widespread in Coniferous and Trunks L – M resinosum Aphyllophorales Northern some (wood) (=Polyporus hemisphere deciduous resinosus = P. benzoinus = P. fuliginosus = P. fuscus) 7a.43 Lachnella Ascomycetes, Widespread in susceptible North-East (not Europe (widely); Larix decidua, Trunks and L – H Main damage [Dasyscypha ] (= Helotiales larches area widely) China; Japan L. sibirica (L. branches - to young Lachnellula = rossioa), other (wood) trees Dasyscyphus = Larix Trichoscyphella) willkommii 7a.44 Laetiporus Basidiomycetes ? Not yet checked Europe Quercus, Acer, Trunks L Main damage sulphureus Salix, Populus, (wood) – to wood Fagus, Tilia, Larix, others 7a.45 Lentinus lepideus Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus, other Wood L – M ? coniferous 7a.46 Lirula macrospora Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Picea Needles L – M Main damage [Lophodermium Phacidiales - to young macrosporum ] trees 7a.47 Lophodermella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Pinus Needles L Main damage [Hypodermella ] Rhytismatales – to seedlings sulcigena 99 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.48 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, Estonia Not yet checked Europe Pinus Needles L Main damage conigerum Rhytismatales - to young trees 7a.49 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus Needles L – M Main damage pinastri Rhytismatales - to young trees 7a.50 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, Widespread North (boreal Northern and Pinus Needles L – H Main damage seditiosum (= Rhytismatales zone) Central Europe - to Leptostroma seedlings in rostrupii) nurseries (less than 8 year-old) 7a.51 Massaria inquinans Loculoscomycet Widespread in Acer anad Widespread Europe, Acer & Trunks & L – M (= M. vomitoria = es Fraxinus areas Widespread in Fraxinus branches M. gigaspora) temperate Northern (wood) hemisphere 7a.52 Melampsora allii- Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Not known Europe; Africa; Populus Leaves & L – M Main damage populina Uredinales South – West Asia; sprouts - to young South America trees 7a.53 Melampsora larici- Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Not known Europe; Northern Populus Leaves & L – M Main damage populina Uredinales Africa; Asia sprouts - to young trees 7a.54 Melampsora laricis Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Not known Europe; Middle Populus, Larix Leaves, L – M Main damage (= M. populnea f. Uredinales East; Kenya; South needles & – to young sp . laricis) [ M. Africa; Uruguay sprouts trees larici-tremulae ] 7a.55 Melampsora Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread except Not known Europe; Middle Pinus, Populus Needles L - M Main damage populnea f. sp . Uredinales Far East; Baltic countries; East; Kenya; South leaves, & - to pine pinitorqua [ M. Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Africa; Uruguay sprouts seedlings and pinitorqua ] Transcaucasus young trees of Populus 7a.56 Melampsora Basidiomycetes, Widespread in Populus area Absent Europe; Middle Populus Leaves and L – M Mercurialis populnea f. sp . Uredinales East; Kenya; South sprouts (alternative rostrupii [ M. Africa; Uruguay host) doesn’t exist in North rostrupii ] America 7a.57 Melampsorella Basidiomycetes, C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia, S. Not yet checked Europe Abies Trunks & L Main damage caryophyllacearum Uredinales Siberia; Ukraine branches - to mono- [M. cerastii ] (wood) cultures 7a.58 Melampsoridium Basidiomycetes, Widespread in birch area Widespread Europe;Widespread Betula, Larix Leaves, L – M Main damage betulae (= M. Uredinales in temperate needles – to seedlings betulinum = Northern Melampsora hemisphere; New betulina) Zealand 7a.59 Meria [= Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread except USA Europe Larix sibirica, Needles L – H Main damage Hartigiella ] laricis Dothideales Far East; Baltic countries; Larix - to 2 – 3 Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine dahurica, year-old other Larix seedlings 100 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.60 Microsphaera Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in oak N. America Europe Quercus Leaves L - M Main damage alphitoides [= Erysiphales area; Baltic countries; – to young Oidium dubium ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine seedlings 7a.61 Microsphaera Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in oak Not yet checked Europe Quercus Leaves VL – L Main damage hypophylla [= M. Erysiphales area; Baltic countries; – to young silvatica sp . nova ] Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine seedlings 7a.62 Mycosphaerella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Tilia Leaves L Main damage [Cercospora ] Dothideales – to seedlings microsora [= M. millegrana ] 7a.63 Mycosphaerella Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Pinus and Pine L Main damage tassiana Dothideales deciduous needles, – to seedlings [Cladosporium deciduous herbarum ] wood 7a.64 [Naemospora ? ? N. America Europe Quercus Trunks, L Main damage croceola (= roots and - to young Diatrype stigma) ] branches trees (wood) 7a.65 Nectria Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Ulmus, Trunks & L – H Main damage cinnabarina [= Hypocreales Carpinus, branches - to Tubercularia Castanea, (wood) seedlings and vulgaris ] Populus, Acer, young trees Betula 7a.66 Nummularia Pyrenomycetes S. E. Russia; Ukraine Widespread Widespread in the Quercus, Trunks & L – M Main damage bulliardii (= world Fagus branches - to young Biscogniauxia (bark) trees nummularia = Hypoxylon nummularium) 7a.67 Ophiostoma (= Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Present (in Europe Quercus Acorns, L – H Main damage Ceratocystis) Ophiostomatales Ukraine; Transcaucasus; temperate zone) trunks & - to piceae [ O. (= Central Asia branches seedlings and Graphium = (wood) young trees Verticillium) roboris ] 7a.68 Ophiostoma (= Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Moldova; Present (in Europe Quercus Acorns, L – H Main damage Ceratocystis) Ophiostomatales Ukraine; Transcaucasus; temperate zone) trunks & – to seedlings piceae [ O. (= Central Asia branches and young Graphium = (wood) trees Verticillium) valachicum ] 7a.69 [Ophiostoma Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia ; Moldova; USA, Canada Europe Quercus Trunks & L – H Main damage quercus ]( O. querci ) Ophiostomatales Ukraine; Transcaucasus; branches - to young Central Asia (wood) trees and seedlings 7a.70 Ophiostoma Ascomycetes, C. E. Russia, S. E. Russia; Canada; USA Europe Ulmus Trunks M – VH Main damage [= Ceratocystis = Ophiostomatales Baltic countries; Belarus; (widespread); India; (wood) – to Graphium ] ulmi Moldova; Ukraine; Iran European Transcaucasus; Central Asia elm species 101 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.71 Oxyporus populinus Basidiomycetes, ? N. America Europe Acer, Betula, Trunks L Main dam age Aphyllophorales Alnus, Tilia, (wood) – to wood Quercus, other trees 7a.72 Paxillus panuoides Basidiomycetes ? USA Europe Coniferous & Wood L – M Main damage deciduous – to buildings 7a.73 Penicillium Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Coniferous & Wood L purpurogenum Eurotiales deciduous 7a.74 [Penicillium Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Coniferous & Wood L roseum ] = Eurotiales deciduous Gliocladium roseum 7a.75 Peniophora Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Coniferous Wood with L – M gigantea ? bark 7a.76 Phacidium Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread in pine North of USA Europe; Japan - ? Pinus, Needles L – H Main damage infestans (= P. Phacidiales area; Baltic countries; Juniperus, – to seedlings abietis = P. pini– Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine Picea, Abies and young cembrae = trees Gremmenia gigaspora) 7a.77 Phaeolus [= Basidiomycetes, Widespread USA Europe Pinus, Larix, Roots and L – M Polyporus ] Aphyllophorales Picea, Thuja, trunks schweinitzii Abies, (wood) Quercus, Prunus 7a.78 Phellinus hartigii Basidiomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Widespread Europe, World- Abies, Picea, Trunks L – M Main damage (= Fomes hartigii Aphyllophorales N.E. Siberia, N.W. Siberia, wide distribution Pinus, Tsuga, (wood) – to wood = F. robustus) [ Ph. S. Siberia; Baltic countries; Taxus, some hartigi ] Belarus; Ukraine; other Transcaucasus coniferous 7a.79 Phellinus igniarius Basidiomycetes, Widespread in aspen area USA Europe Populus Trunks L Main damage Aphyllophorales tremula, other (wood) – to wood trees 7a.80 Phellinus pini (= Basidiomycetes, Widespread Present Northern Europe; Pinus, Larix, Trunks L – M Main damage Fomes pini) Aphyllophorales Asia Abies, other (wood) – to wood coniferous 7a.81 [Phellinus pini var. Basidiomycetes, Russia: widespread; Baltic N. America Europe Picea, Pinus, Trunks L – M Main damage abietis (= Fomes Aphyllophorales countries; Belarus; Ukraine; Larix, Abies, (wood) – to wood pini var. abietis) ]= Transcaucasus; Central Asia some other Phellinus coniferous chrysoloma 7a.82 Phellinus robustus Basidiomycetes, Widespread in oak area Widespread Europe, World- Quercus, Trunks L – M Main damage (= Fomes robustus Aphyllophorales wide distribution Castanea, (wood) – to wood = F. hartigii) Carpinus, other trees 7a.83 Phellinus tremulae Basidiomycetes, Widespread in aspen area USA Europe Populus Trunks L – H Main damage (= Fomes tremulae) Aphyllophorales tremula, some (wood) – to wood other Populus 102 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI 7a.84 Pholiota adiposa Basidiomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Abies, Picea, Trunks L Main damage Agaricales Populus, (wood) – to wood Betula, Tilia 7a.85 [Phyllosticta Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Quercus Leaves VL - L Main damage quercus ] Dothideales – to seedlings 7a.86 Polyporus Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus, Trunks and L – M squamosus Aphyllophorales Populus, roots Ulmus, others (wood) 7a.87 [Polystictus Basidiomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Not known ? Picea, Pinus, Trunks and L – H circinatus var . ? S.E. Russia, S. Far East; Larix, other roots triqueter ] Baltic countries; Belarus; coniferous (wood) Moldova; Ukraine 7a.88 Pucciniastrum Basidiomycetes, ? Not known Europe (widely); Picea Cones and L – M areolatum Uredinales Asia (incl. Japan) seeds [Thecopsora padi ] 7a.89 Rhizina undulata Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia; Ukraine USA Europe Pinus, Picea, Roots and L – M Main damage [Rhizina inflata ] Pezizales Larix, Abies, trunks - to young other trees (wood) trees 7a.90 Rosellinia quercina Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus, Roots of L – M Main damage Sphaeriales deciduous & seedlings – in nurseries coniferous 7a.91 Schizophyllum ? ? USA Europe Coniferous & Wood L – M commune deciduous 7a.92 Sclerotinia borealis Ascomycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Present Northern Europe; Pinus Buds of 1- L – M Main damage [S. graminearum ] = Helotiales S.E. Russia, S. Siberia, S. Far Japan year – to seedlings Myriosclerotinia East; Baltic countries; seedlings borealis Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine 7a.93 Sclerotinia Ascomycetes, Widespread Not known Europe Quercus Acorns L – M Main damage [Stromatinia ] Helotiales – in storage pseudotuberosa 7a.94 Septoria betulae Ascomycetes, ? USA (not Europe Betula Leaves L Main damage Dothideales widely) – to seedlings 7a.95 [Septoria Ascomycetes, ? Temperate N. Europe Caragana Leaves L Main damage caraganae (= Dothideales America – to seedlings Mycosphaerella jaczewskii) ] 7a.96 Septoria quercina Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Quercus Leaves VL - L Main damage = S. quercicola Dothideales – to seedlings 7a.97 Serpula (= Boletus) ? Widespread Widespread Europe: Coniferous & Wood M – VH Main damage lacrymans Widespread in the deciduous – to buildings world 7a.98 Stereum Basidiomycetes, ? USA Europe Pinus, Picea, Trunks L – M sanguinolentum Aphyllophorales Larix (wood) 7a.99 Sydowia polyspora Ascomycetes, ? Present Europe (widely) Pinus Needles L – M Main damage [Sclerophoma Dothideales - to seedlings pithyophila (= in nurseries Dothichiza ferruginosa) ]

103 Table 7a. PATHOGENS FUNGI & BACTERIA

7a.100 Taphrina Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Populus Fruits L johansonii [= T. Taphrinales tremula johansoni ] 7a.101 Taphrina pruni Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Prunus padus Fruits L Taphrinales 7a.102 Taphrina Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Europe Populus Fruits L rhizophora [= T. Taphrinales rhizophorus ] 7a.103 [Trichoderma ? ? N. America Europe Pinus, Picea Wood L lignorum ] = T. viride 7a.104 Valsa sordida [= Ascomycetes, ? USA Europe Populus, Tilia Trunks & L – H Main damage Cytospora Diaporthales branches – to young chrysosperma ] (bark and trees wood) 7a.105 Venturia tremulae Deuteromycetes, ? USA Europe Populus Leaves and L – H Main damage [= Pollaccia Hyphomycetales tremula & sprouts – to 1 – 5 radiosa ] other Populus year-old seedlings 7a.106 Verticillium albo- Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread; Baltic Widespread Europe (widely); Quercus, Acer, Trunks M – H Main damage atrum Hypocreales countries; Belarus; Moldova; Asia (widely); Ulmus, Tilia, (wood) – to seedlings Ukraine; Kyrgyzstan; Africa (widely); Betula, and young Uzbekistan Australia; New Populus, other trees Zealand deciduous 7a.107 Verticillium Ascomycetes, Russia: widespread; Baltic Canada; USA Europe (widely); Quercus, Acer, Trunks M – H Main damage dahliae Hypocreales countries; Belarus; Moldova; Asia (widely); Ulmus, Tilia, (wood) – to seedlings Ukraine; Transcaucasus; Africa (widely); Betula, and young Central Asia South America Populus, other trees (widely); New deciduous Zealand; Australia 7a.108 [Verticillium Ascomycetes, ? N. America Europe Deciduous & Wood L lateritium ] = V. Hypocreales coniferous tenerum Bacteria 7a.109 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread in oak area Not known ? Quercus Trunks & L – M Vector – quercus ] Pseudomonada- branches aphid ceae (wood) Lachnus roboris 7a.110 [Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Widespread Not known ? Populus Trunks & L – M remifaciens ] Pseudomonada- (including P. branches ceae tremula) (wood) 7a.111 Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, ? USA Europe Populus Trunks & L – M syringae Pseudomonada- branches ceae (wood)

104 Table 7b. PATHOGENS FUNGI & BACTERIA

Table 7b. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR, which may present risk only or mainly to plants, which are not considered as forest trees and shrubs in most of the non-Asian part of the EPPO region

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 7b.1 [Fusarium Ascomycetes, ? Not yet checked Not yet checked Caragana Wood L caraganae ] Hypocreales 7b.2 Marssonina Deuteromycetes, Juglans Fruits, L – M juglandis (Lib.) Melanconiales leaves, Magn. sprouts 7b.3 Taphrina polyspora Ascomycetes, Acer tataricum Leaves L – M Main damage (Svr.) Joh. Taphrinales to nurseries and city plantations Bacteria 7b.4 Xanthomonas Gracilicutes, Juglans Fruits L – H juglandis Pierse Pseudomonada- ceae

105 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI

Table 8. Forest diseases causing significant damage on the territory of the former USSR added to the data base and not yet prioritized

Distribution Main host Damaged Economic Remarks N° Pest Group of In the former USSR In North In other countries plants in the parts of significance organisms America former USSR plants in area of origin Fungi 8.1 Alternaria tenuis Ascomycetes, Europe Many trees Seeds, L – H Nees . Dothideales seedlings 8.2 Aspergillus glaucus Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – H Main damage Link. Eurotiales in storage 8.3 Aspergillus niger Ascomycetes, Many trees Seeds L – M Link Eurotiales 8.4 Bjerkandera adusta ? Deciduous Wood L – M Karst. 8.5 Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, Pinus, Picea Wood L Leads to the coeruleum (Münch) Ophiostomatales blue colour H. et Syd. of wood 8.6 Ceratocystis pini Ascomycetes, Pinus, Picea Wood L Leads to the (Münch) H. et Syd. Ophiostomatales blue colour of wood 8.7 Ceratocystis Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Quercus Trunks & L – VH Spread by roboris Georg. et Ophiostomatales Moldova, Ukraine, branches insects Teod. Transcaucasus, Central Asia (wood) (scolytids, cerambycids, buprestids), water & wind 8.8 Cercospora acerina Ascomycetes, Europe Acer Fruits, L – M Hart. Dothideales seeds, seedlings 8.9 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L campanulae Pers. Uredinales 8.10 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L senecionis Fr. Uredinales 8.11 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L sonchiarvensis Lev. Uredinales 8.12 Coleosporium Basidiomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles VL – L tussilaginis Lev. Uredinales 8.13 Coriolellus serialis ? ? Coniferous Wood L – M (Fr.) Murr. 8.14 Coriolus versicolor Basidiomycetes, Europe Deciduous & Wood L – M (L.) Quel. ? coniferous 8.15 Coriolus zonatus Basidiomycetes, Europe Deciduous Wood L – M (Fr.) Quel. ? 8.16 Daedalia quercina Basidiomycetes, Europe Quercus Butt part of L – M (L.) Fr. ? trunks (wood) 106 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI 8.17 Dothidella betulina Ascomycetes, Betula Leaves L (Fr.) Sacc. Dothideales 8.18 Dothidella ulmi Ascomycetes, Europe Ulmus Leaves L – M Main damage (Duv.) Wint. Dothideales to ornamentals in cities 8.19 Ganoderma Basidiomycetes, Tilia, Acer, Butt part of L – M Main damage applanatum (Pers. Aphyllophorales Salix, Populus, trunks – to city ex Wallr.) Pat. Ulmus , some (wood) plantations coniferous 8.20 Gloeophyllum Basidiomycetes, ? Picea, Abies Wood L – M abietinum (Butt.) ? other Karst. coniferous 8.21 Gloeosporium Deuteromycetes, Europe Betula Leaves L betulinum West. Melanconiales 8.22 Gloeosporium tiliae Deuteromycetes, Europe Tilia Leaves L – M Main damage Oud. Melanconiales to nurseries and city plantations 8.23 Gloeosporium Deuteromycetes, ? Populus Leaves L – M Main damage tremulae Pass. Melanconiales tremula to nurseries and city plantations 8.24 Hendersonia Ascomycetes, Europe Pinus Needles L – H Main damage acicola Münch . et Sphaeriales – to 3 – 12 Tub old trees 8.25 Hirschioporus Basidiomycetes, ? Pinus, Larix Wood L – M fusco -violaceus ? (Fr.) Donk. 8.26 Hysterographium Ascomycetes, Europe Fraxinus Trunks & L – H fraxini (Pers.) De Ophiostomatales branches Not. (wood) 8.27 Inonotus dryadeus Basidiomycetes, S. E. Russia, Transcaucasus Europe Quercus, Butt part of L – H Main damage (Pers. et Fr.) Murr. Aphyllophorales Fagus, trunks – to 80-year Castanea, (wood) & and more old Abies roots trees (mainly nordmanniana Quercus ) 8.28 Inonotus obliquus Basidiomycetes, Europe Betula, Acer, Trunks L – M (Pers.) Pil. Aphyllophorales Fagus, Sorbus, (wood) Fraxinus, etc . 8.29 Lenzites betulina Basidiomycetes, Europe Betula & other Wood L – M (L. ex Fr.) Fr. ? deciduous 8.30 Lophodermium Ascomycetes, S. E. Russia, C. E. Russia Europe Juniperus Needles L – H juniperinum (Fr.) Phacidiales (East - Ural), Siberia de Not 8.31 Marssonina betulae Deuteromycetes, Europe Betula Leaves L (Zied.) Magn. Melanconiales 107 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI 8.32 Marssonina populi Deuteromycetes, Europe Populus Leaves L – M Main damage Kleb. Melanconiales to nurseries and city plantations 8.33 Nectria ditissima Ascomycetes, Europe Fagus, Trunks & L – M Main damage Tul. Hypocreales Populus branches to city (wood) plantations 8.34 Nectria galligena Ascomycetes, Europe Acer, Fagus, Trunks & L – M Main damage Bres. Hypocreales Quercus, fruit branches to city and other (wood) plantations deciduous trees 8.35 Penicillium Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – H Main damage glaucum Link . Eurotiales in storage 8.36 Penicillium Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – H Main damage italicum Pers . Eurotiales in storage 8.37 Peniophora ? ? Wood L – M sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. 8.38 Phomopsis Ascomycetes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – M Main damage quercella ( Sacc ) Diaporthales in storage 8.39 Phytophthora Oomycetes, Europe Deciduous and Seedlings L cactorum (L et C) coniferous Schröt Peronosporales 8.40 Piptoporus Basidiomycetes, Europe Betula Trunks L betulinus (Bull. ex ? (wood) Fr.) Karst. 8.41 Pollaccia elegans Deuteromycetes, Europe Populus Leaves & L – M Main damage Serv. (= Venturia Hyphomycetales tremula sprouts to nurseries populina (Vuill.) and city Fabr.) plantations 8.42 Rhizopus nigricans Europe Seeds L Hhr . 8.43 Rhizosphaeria Deuteromycetes, Estonia, N. E. Russia Europe Picea Needles, L – M Main damage kalkhoffii Bub. (Karelia) seedlings – to seedlings and young trees 8.44 Rhizosphaeria Deuteromycetes, S. E. Russia, C. E. Russia Europe Abies Needles, L – M Main damage pini( Corda ) Maubl . (East - Ural), Siberia, seedlings – to seedlings Transcaucasus and young trees 8.45 Rhytisma acerinum Ascomycetes, Europe Acer Fruits L – M Main damage (Pers.) Fr. Rhytismatales in nurseries 8.46 Rhytisma Ascomycetes, ? Acer Leaves VL – L Main damage punctatum Rehm. Rhytismatales in nurseries 8.47 Rhytisma salicinum Ascomycetes, Europe Salix Leaves L – M Rehm. Rhytismatales 108 Table 8. PATHOGENS FUNGI 8.48 Septoria populi Ascomycetes, Populus Leaves L – M Main damage Dothideales to nurseries and city plantations 8.49 Taphrina alni- Ascomycetes, ? Alnus Fruits VL – L Cause a incanae (Kühn.) Taphrinales deformation Magn. of fruits 8.50 Taphrina Ascomycetes, ? Betula Leaves VL – L auctumnalis Taphrinales 8.51 Taphrina aurea Ascomycetes, Populus Leaves VL – L Main damage (Pers.) Fr. Taphrinales to nurseries and city plantations 8.52 Taphrina betulina Ascomycetes, Betula Leaves VL – L Rostr. Taphrinales 8.53 Taphrina carnea Ascomycetes, Betula Leaves VL – L Joh. Taphrinales 8.54 Taphrina epiphylla Ascomycetes, Alnus incana Leaves VL – L Sacc. Taphrinales 8.55 Taphrina Ascomycetes, Alnus Leaves VL – L tosquinettü (West.) Taphrinales glutinosa Magn. 8.56 Thamnidium Seeds L elegans Link 8.57 Thelephora Basidiomycetes, Europe Coniferous Seedlings L – M terrestris Ehr. 8.58 Thyrostroma Deuteromycetes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, S. ? Tilia, Ulmus, Trunks & L – H compactum Sacc. Hyphomycetales E. Russia, Ural Acer branches (wood) 8.59 Trichothecium Acer, Seeds L – M roseum Link Fraxinus, Quercus, Pinus, Picea 8.60 Verticillium leave Ascomycetes, ? Pinus, Picea , Wood L Leads to the Fr. Hypocreales other red colour of coniferous wood 8.61 Vuilleminia Basidiomycetes, ? Quercus Trunks & L – M comedens Maize. Aphyllophorales branches (wood)

109 Table 8. PATHOGENS BACTERIA

Bacteria 8.62 Erwinia quercina Gracilicutes, Europe Quercus Acorns L – M Main damage Held. et Schr . Enterobacteria- in storage ceae 8.63 Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Europe Pinus Seedlings L – M Main damage flu orescens Migula Pseudomonada- – to 1-year ceae seedlings 8.64 Pseudomonas Gracilicutes, Fraxinus Trunks & L – M fraxini Vuill. (= P. Pseudomonada- branches savastanoi pv. ceae (wood) fraxini (Janse) Young et al.) 8.65 Pseudomonas pini Gracilicutes, N. E. Russia, C. E. Russia, Pinus Trunks & L – H Main damage Vuill. Pseudomonada- Siberia branches – to 60-year ceae (wood) and more old trees

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