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Conference Summaries Sommaires Du Congrès CA9500253 INIS-mf—14667 CONFERENCE SUMMARIES SOMMAIRES DU CONGRÈS 29th Annual Conference - Canadian Nuclear Association 29 e Congrès annuel - Association Nucléaire Canadienne 10th Annual Conference - Canadian Nuclear Society 10 e Congrès annuel - Société Nucléaire Canadienne 5 'ta 1 2 Co OTTAWA, ONTARIO June 4-7,1989 juin 4 - 7 3/ttî 29th Annual Conference Canadian Nuclear Association 29e Congrès annuel Association nucléaire canadienne Abstracts 29th Annual Conference Canadian Nuclear Association Résumés 29e Congrès annuel Association nucléaire canadienne Canadian Nuclear Association/Canadian Nuclear Society Special Symposium: 50 Years of Nuclear Fission in Review Co-sponsored by: The Royal Society of Canada Canadian Association of Chemistry Canadian Association of Nuclear Medicine Canadian Association of Physicists Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering The Chemical Institute of Canada Chairman: A.J. Hooradian, former senior Vice-President, AECL Moderator and Commentator: R. Bothwell, University of Toronto 1. Hov it all Began B. Goldschmidt, Former Director of Chemistry at Montreal and CRNL, 1942-1946, Former Director, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France, and Former Chairman, Board of Governors, IAEA 2. Personal Reminiscences and Observations L. Cook, Consultant on Energy, Science & Technology, U.S.A., and Former Director, Chemistry and Metallurgy Division, CRNL 3. Fission and Physics in Canada G. Hanna, Former Director of Research, CRNL and Former Chairman, Physics and Astronomy Committee, NSIDRC 4. The Development of Nuclear Power J. Foster, Chairman of the International Executive Council of the World Energy Conference 5. The Second Nuclear Era A. Weinberg, Director, Institute for Energy Analysis, Oak Ridge and Former Director, Oak Ridge National Lab., U.S.A. "HOW IT ALL BEGAN" Bertrand Goldschmidt (From the discovery of fission to the Anglo-Canadian project and its French roots) 1934-1938 The Uranium puzzle - 1939 The leading Paris work of Joliot, Halban, Kowarski - 1940 The French acquisition of the Norwegian worldvide stock of heavy water. Its transfer from France to England ahead of the German invasion. Halban and Kowarski's Cambridge experiment proving the feasibility of the D20-U chain reaction - 1941 The British proposal to transfer Halban's team to the USA - 1942 The American refusal leading to the creation in Montreal of an Anglo-Canadian enterprise under Halban to study the D20-U system - 1943 The difficult start of this project confronted by a lengthy interruption of the indispensable American collaboration - 1944 The renewal of this collaboration with the decision to build ZEEP (under Kowarski's leadership) and NRX but without any exchange of plutonium technology. "LES TOUT DÉBUTS" Bertrand Goldschmidt (De la découverte de la fission jusqu'au projet anglo-canadien et ses racines françaises) 1934-1938 Le casse-tête de l'uranium - 1939 En tête de file, les travaux de Joliot, Halban et Kowarski à Paris - 1940 La France met la main sur le stock d'eau lourde détenu par la Norvège dans le monde entier. Ce stock est transféré de France en Angleterre avant l'invasion allemande. L'expérience de Halban et Kowarski à Cambridge prouve la faisabilité de la réaction en chaîne du D2O-U - 1941 Les __ Britanniques proposent de transférer l'équipe de Halban aux États-Unis - 1942 Le refus des États-Unis amène la création à Montréal d'une entreprise anglo-canadienne dirigée par Halban, qui a pour but d'étudier le système D2O-U - 1943 Les débuts difficiles de ce projet qui doit être longuement inter­ rompu en raison de l'absence de la collaboration indispensable des États-Unis - 1944 Reprise de cette collaboration et décision de construire le réacteur ZEEP (sous la direction de Kowarski) et le NRX, mais sans aucun échange de la technologie du plutonium. Personal Reminiscences and Observations Leslie Cook Dr. Cook will briefly review aspects of the discovery of uranium fission in Europe in the late 1930's from the perspective of one who was in Otto Hahn's lab at the time. He will show a little known earlier Canadian connection through the tenure of Rutherford at McGill University at the beginning of the Century. Dr. Cook's talk will then take up the story of the growth of nuclear chemistry research in Canada subsequent to the discovery of fission with the development of the NRX reactor, its early uses in producing plutonium and other radioactive materials, and the related metallurgical research. A brief listing will be given of the distinguished chemists that have emerged from the early research activities in Canada. Observations et souvenirs personnels Leslie Cook M. Cook examinera brièvement certains aspects relatifs à la découverte de la fission de l'uranium en Europe à la fin des années 30, époque à laquelle il travaillait dans le laboratoire d'Otto Hahn. Il parlera aussi du poste occupé antérieurement par Rutherford à l'université McGill au début du siècle, événement fort peu connu au Canada. Il fera ensuite l'historique de la recherche en chimie nucléaire au Canada qui a suivi la découverte de la fission et la mise au point du réacteur NRX, ses premières applications dans la production de plutonium et d'autres matières radioactives et la recherche métallurgique dans ce domaine. Enfin, il énumérera quelques-uns des éminents chimistes qui ont participé aux premières recherches au Canada. Fission and Physics in Canada - Dr. Geoffrey Hanna The discovery of fission had, initially, little impact on physics research in Canada. Its main effects date from the successful implementation of the Chalk River project, with the NRX and NRU reactors as the centrepiece, and the funding by the AECB of nuclear installations in Canadian universities which were generally much larger than existing university research facilities. Subsequent developments at Chalk River and the universities have profited from close interaction between the two research communities. The effects of the discovery of fission on Canadian physics are still very apparent, even after fifty' years, notably with the heavy ion accelerator at Chalk River, and the two' largest sinsle-Droject science proposals currently before the Canadian Government, the KAON Factory for TRIUMF and the Solar Neutrino Observatory for Sudburv. La fission et la physique au Canada Geoffrey Hanna La découverte de la fission ny a eu au départ que très peu de répercussions sur la recherche en physique au Canada. Les principales incidences de cette découverte datent de la mise en oeuvre fructueuse du projet de Chalk River axée autour des réacteurs NR'- et ÎIRU, et du financement par la CCEA d'installatioi nucléaires dans les universités canadiennes qui étaient en général beaucoup plus importantes que les installations de recherche existantes dans les universités. Les travaux entrepris ultérieurement à Chalk River et aux universités ont bénéficié des liens étroits qu'il y avait entre les deux milieux de recherche. Les effets de la découverte de la fission sur la physique au Canada sont encore très évidents, même après cinquante ans; mentionnons, pour s'en convaincre, l'accélérateur à ions lourds à Chalk River et les deux plus importants projets scientifiques distincts actuellement à l'étude par le gouvernement du Canada, l'usine KAON pour TRIUMF et l'observatoire à neutrinos pour Sudbury. The Development of Nuclear Power John S. Foster The times dictated that the first stage of development of the use of fission - the quest to learn what was possible and to construct the first practical devices - was directed toward military application. By the beginning of the fifties however, the serious development of peaceful uses of fission and, in particular, the production of electricity began. From the vantage point of his experience in the early engineering of the CANDU line of heavy water-moderated power reactors and in the management of projects incorporating r.hem, Dr. Foster will discuss this second stage in the development of the use of fission - the development and wide application of power reactors employing simple fuel cycles. L'exploitation de l'énergie nucléaire John S. Foster La première étape vers l'utilisation de la fission - cette recherche en vue de connaître les possibilités et de mettre au point les premiers dispositifs pratiques - a été dictée par les impératifs du moment, c'est-à-dire les applications militaires. Toutefois, c'est vers le début des années 50 qu'on a commencé à exploiter sérieusement des utilisations pacifiques de la fission, notamment la production d'électricité. Ayant lui-même participé aux premiers travaux techniques sur les réacteurs à eau lourde CANDU et géré des projets de réacteurs, M. Foster expliquera ce deuxième stade dans l'utilisation de la fission - la mise au point et l'application généralisée des réacteurs de puissance reposant sur des cycles simples de combustion. The Second Nuclear Era Alvin Weinberg Though Che first fifty years of nuclear fission has in many ways been a remarkable success, fission power is now rejected by many of the open liberal democracies. With carbon dioxide emerging as an ominous environ­ mental threat, nuclear energy seems to be even more necessary in the future than it was in the past- For nuclear energy to contribute substantially to a diminution of the atmosphere's CO?, thousands of large reactors will have to be deployed worldwide during the next 50 years. For such large deploy­ ment to be accepted, the core melt probability per reactor will have to be much less than lO-^ per reactor per year. Reactors that meet this cri­ terion, including even reactors that are inherently safe, are being developed throughout the reactor community. La deuxième époque nucléaire Alvin Weinberg Les cinquante premières années qui ont suivi la découverte de la fission nucléaire ont, à bien des égards, connu un succès remarquable. Cependant de nombreuses démocraties libérales ouvertes refusent actuellement la puissance de la fission. Étant donné que le monoxyde de carbone apparaît comme une menace, environnementale sinistre, l'énergie nucléaire semble encore plus nécessaire dans l'avenir qu'elle ne l'était dans le passé.
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