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Nfrdi.Da.Gov.Ph/Tpjf Levels of Heavy Metals in Six Aquaculture Commodities Collected from Various Landing Sites of Manila Bay: Relationships with Size and Seasonal Variation Item Type article Authors Cambia, Flordeliza D.; Benitez, Kathlene Cleah D.; Perelonia, Karl Bryan S.; Montojo, Ulysses M. DOI 10.31398/tpjf/26.1.2018A0002 Download date 01/10/2021 03:41:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40948 ISSN: 0048-377X (Print) ISSN: 2672-2836 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.31398/tpjf Philippine copyright © 2019 Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Published by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources National Fisheries Research and Development Institute All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of materials in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the sources is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited. Please address all communication to: Managing Editor, TPJF 6/F National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Corporate 101 Building, Mother Ignacia Avenue, South Triangle, Quezon City, Philippines, 1103 Tel. No.: (+632) 376-1178 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nfrdi.da.gov.ph/tpjf/ Design and Layout: M.C. Bermejo The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 26(1): 26-34 January-June 2019 DOI: 10.31398/tpjf/26.1.2018A0002 Levels of Heavy Metals in Six Aquaculture Commodities Collected from Various Landing Sites of Manila Bay: Relationships with Size and Seasonal Variation Flordeliza D. Cambia*1, Kathlene Cleah D. Benitez1, Karl Bryan S. Perelonia1, Ulysses M. Montojo1 1Fisheries Post Harvest Research and Development Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Quezon City, Philippines 1103 ABSTRACT Fish normally accumulates heavy metals from food, water, and sediments, which can be harmful to human health. In the present study, levels of Pb, Hg and Cd; relationships with size; and seasonal variation in six aquaculture commodities mud crab, Scylla serrata; milkfish,Chanos chanos; green mussel, Perna viridis; oyster, Crassostrea iridalei; shrimp, Penaeus spp.; and tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus from Manila Bay fish landing sites were determined. Homogenized flesh samples were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion in a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide before analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All commodities passed the regulatory limit set by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Fisheries Administrative Order 210s 2001 and European Commission 1881/2006 for Pb and Cd. In contrary, 2.04% O. niloticus from Hagonoy, Bulacan and Navotas City and 5.00% Penaeus spp. from Guagua, Pampanga and Obando, Bulacan exceeded the limit for Hg. Significant negative relationships were found between Cd concentration and fish size inC. chanos and P. viridis, while significant positive correlations were observed between Pb and fish length in O. niloticus and S. serrata; Hg and fish length in P. viridis; and Cd and fish weight in Penaeus spp. Aquaculture commodities were observed to have a significantly higher level of accumulation during the wet season. Results indicate that metal concentration varies among aquaculture commodities, landing sites, and season of catch. Thus, there is a need for risk assessment and regular monitoring for the said commodities. E-mail address: [email protected]* Keywords: Manila Bay aquaculture farms, heavy Received: October 25, 2018 metals, fish landing sites Accepted: February 15, 2019 1. INTRODUCTION sediments (Marsden and Rainbow 2004; Yilmaz and Yilmaz 2007). Essential metals like iron, copper, zinc, eafood is an important source of food for hun- and manganese play an important role in biological dreds of millions of people around the world systems, whereas other metals such as mercury, lead, because these are high in protein and rich in es- and cadmium are non-essential as they are toxic even Ssential amino acids, micro and macro elements such in trace amounts (Türkmen et al. 2008). Heavy metals as calcium, phosphorus, fluorine, and iodine, poly- enter the aquatic environment mainly by anthropo- unsaturated fatty acids, and liposoluble vitamins. In genic sources (Marsden and Rainbow 2004). 2008, about 81% or equivalent to 115 million tons of In the Philippines, fisheries and aquaculture estimated world fish production was used as human are among the primary sources of livelihood around food with an average per capita of 17 kg (Ismail 2005; the Manila Bay (Partnership in Environmental Man- Ikem and Egiebor 2005; Food and Agriculture Orga- agement for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) 2001). nization (FAO) 2010). Aquaculture contributes 41% to the total value of fish Despite their nutritive value, consumption of production among other fish sectors (Philippine Sta- these brings many times a potential hazard concern tistics Authority 2017). Enclosing the bay are aquacul- to human consumers. As these are relatively situated ture structures that proliferate mainly along Bataan, at the top of the aquatic food chain, these can nor- Bulacan, and Pampanga in Region III, Cavite in Re- mally accumulate heavy metals from food, water, and gion IV-A, and in the northern Metro Manila coast- 26 | The Philippine Journal of Fisheries The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 26(1): 26-34 lines. The most popular culture species are milk- fish, tilapia, mudcrab, shrimp/prawn, oyster, and mussel (Manila Bay Area Environmental At- las 2015). A previous study was made by Raña et al. (2016) regarding heavy metals (cadmium, Cd; lead, Pb; and mer- cury, Hg) contamina- tion in six aquaculture commodities from dif- ferent aquaculture farms around the Bay. The present study focused on heavy metal contam- ination in Manila Bay landing sites. The objec- Figure 1. Map of Manila Bay showing the eleven landing sites. tive was to determine the levels of cadmium, lead, and 125 green mussels, and 50 oysters) were collected mercury in six important aquaculture commodities: during the wet season. Scylla serrata, Chanos chanos, Perna viridis, Crassost- Samples were freshly bought in the landing rea iridalei, Penaeus spp., and Oreochromis niloticus in sites and were put separately in re-sealable polyeth- the eleven pre-identified landing sites of Manila Bay. ylene bags, correctly labeled and stored in a cooler These concentrations were then compared against the kept at 0-4oC upon transport to the laboratory for recommended maximum levels allowed by the Bureau sample preparation and analyses. of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Fisheries Administrative Order (FAO) 210s 2001 and European 2.2 Sample Preparation Commission (EC)1881/2006. Relationships with size and seasonal variation were also determined. Samples were logged and cleaned while the standard length and weight were measured, followed 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS by dissection and homogenization. For the heavy metals analyses, the edible part (i.e., fish muscle) of 2.1 Sampling Sites and Collection of Samples milkfish, tilapia, and shrimp was used. However, for the analyses of mud crab, oyster, and green mussel, Figure 1 shows the eleven (11) pre-identi- the muscle and viscera were utilized. The homoge- fied landing sites along the Manila Bay area that were nized samples were put in re-sealable polyethylene sampled for two seasons – March and September 2016 bags with proper labels and stored at approximately for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Six different -800C freezer before analyses. aquaculture commodities were collected specifically mud crab, S. serrata; milkfish, C. chanos; green mus- 2.3 Sample Analysis sel, P. viridis; oyster C. iridalei; shrimp, Penaeus spp.; and tilapia, O. niloticus. The species being collected Samples were analyzed for total mercury, per site varied since its collection was dependent on lead, and cadmium based on modified Association of its availability in the landing site. Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Official Meth- For the dry season, a total of 498 samples od 999.10 Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper and Iron (36 milkfish, 48 tilapia, 14 mud crab, 175 shrimp, 150 in Foods – Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry green mussels, and 75 oysters) were collected in all after Microwave Digestion and modified AOAC Of- landing sites. On the other hand, a total of 510 sam- ficial Method 971.21 Mercury in Food – Flameless ples (40 milkfish, 50 tilapia, 20 mud crab, 225 shrimp, Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. For Hg The Philippine Journal of Fisheries | 27 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 26(1): 26-34 analysis, homogenized Table 1. Allowable concentration (mg/Kg) of Pb, Hg, and Cd for six aquaculture commodities as set by BFAR (2001) and samples in triplicates European Union (2006). were digested with Aquaculture BFAR FAO EC 1881/2006 concentrated nitric Commodity 210s 2001 acid under pressure in Pb, Hg, Cd Pb Hg Cd a closed vessel heated Finfishes by microwave (Ethos 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.05 (milkfish, tilapia) One). For Pb and Cd Crustaceans analyses, samples were 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 digested in the same (crab, shrimp) conditions except that Bivalve mollusks 0.50 1.50 0.50 1.00 the addition of hy- (oyster and mussel) drogen peroxide was performed. Digested Table 2. Concentration (mg/Kg) ranges of the six aquaculture commodities from Manila Bay landing sites for the dry and wet season in relation to the allowable limits set by BFAR and European Union. samples were diluted with 0.1 mol/L nitric Aquaculture Dry Wet acid solution and fol- Commodity Season Season lowed by analytical Pb Hg Cd Pb Hg Cd determinations of C. chanos <0.50 heavy metals using the <0.30 <0.50 <0.05 <0.30 <0.05 following instruments: O. niloticus >0.50 (1) Graphite Furnace S. serrata <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Atomizer-Atomic Ab- Penaus spp. >0.50 sorption Spectropho- tometer (GFA-AAS) P. viridis <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 for Pb and Cd and (2) C.
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