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Getting Them Young Getting them young: otic and religious, so that history will have a lot of facts about how brave and Instilling Ukrainian nationalism in children and youth gallant the Ukrainian kings were. And it will usually be stressed. Sometimes At age 11, Chrystia Freeland was interviewed they’ll talk about the negative points, but by her mother’s brother, Uncle Bohdan (son of their perspective will be that of the Nazi propagandist Michael Chomiak), for Ukrainian nation.4 (Emphasis added.) Student, a magazine circulated to Ukrainian- While this may be Freeland’s first Canadian university students. Five years earlier, appearance in print media, four members of her mother, Halyna Chomiak Freeland, wrote her family (the children of Michael Chomi- in Student about her own childhood pressures: ak) were already involved in Student for Chrystia about a decade. Her uncle Bohdan Chomi- “While growing up we were under pressure from Freeland ak had been on its staff (1972, 1978-80) and our parents [Alexandra and Michael Chomiak] 1979 was a frequent contributor during the 1970s.5 to be aware of our Ukrainianism and to be proud Her aunts (Halyna, Natalia and Chrystia, of it. This pressure also came from the Ukrain- , Dec. 1979 Chomiak) were also active in the magazine. ian community. It was exerted in many ways Chrystia Chomiak edited issues of Student ..... As a distant goal, we looked forward to the Student (1969-70) and was involved in organising, liberation of Ukraine and I can remember producing and publishing it (1973-74).6 childhood dreams of leading armies down the Natalia Chomiak wrote for Student and mountain sides. This pressure to remain proudly worked for its publishers (1972-74), the nationalistic was very necessary.” Ukrainian Canadian Students Union sionate Ukrainian nationalist, separated from (SUSK).7 Chrystia Freeland’s mother, Ha- s children, Chrystia Freeland and her nonUkrainian husband and left Peace lyna Chomiak Freeland, also wrote for Stu- her friend Paul Grod, former pres- River, Alberta. Upon moving to Edmonton, dent. In her late 20s in 1974, Halyna penned ident of the Ukrainian Canadian A Chrystia Freeland could become much clos- an article giving insights into childhood Congress (UCC), like thousands of other er to her mother’s father, Michael Chomiak “pressures” from her parents (Alexandra and Ukrainian ethnonationalists around the (aka Mykhailo Khomiak), his other children Mykhailo) and the Ukrainian community: world, were raised through the ranks of two and to their extended families. scouting groups. Both are historically linked 2013 While running for office, Chomiak had been the Nazi’s to the fascist Organisation of Ukrainian Na- Freeland was ‘Parade top Ukrainian-language news tionalists (OUN). While Grod is a product Marshal’ at this event, propagandist in Europe of the Ukrainian Youth Association (UYA likely the biggest show throughout WWII, and be- or SUM) of Stepan Bandera’s OUN(B), of Ukrainian nationalism came deeply involved in Ed- , January 19, 2014. Freeland’s roots are in Plast with its ties to outside of Ukraine monton’s Ukrainian commu- Andriy Melnyk’s OUN(M). Both OUN fac- nity, which makes up 14% of tions, says historian Per Anders Rudling the city’s total population.3 continue to raise their children “in ritualis- The move to Edmon- tic celebration” of Ukrainian national heroes ton was a turning point in including those political and military lead- Freeland’s life because she be- ers who collaborated with the Nazis: came immersed in that com- Ukrainian Festival Toronto Children and adolescents, dressed in the photo: Ukrainian Weekly munity’s ubiquitous, Ukrain- brownshirts and black ties of the SUM, This UCC festival has received government grants the OUN(B) youth section, or the blue ian enculturation programs. uniforms of the Plast were made to march Besides joining Plast, she be- of $667,000 since 2009, including $60,500 in 2013 in formation, decorate graves of the fallen gan classes in two Ukrainian education pro- “[F]or me to grow up Ukrainian was to heroes, perform militaristic and folklor- grams: Alberta’s government-funded, bilin- grow up with the idea that I was different istic hymns, and recite pledges of alle- gual Ukrainian-English public school sys- and therefore special.... [We] were allowed giance in front of nationalist memorials.1 only to speak Ukrainian at home. tem, and the Ukrainian community’s ultra- At age nine, Freeland was signed up While growing up we were under patriotic, nationalist “Saturday schools.” with the Plast scouting troop in Edmonton. pressure from our parents to be aware of At age 11, in 1979, Chrystia was in- In 2013, when asked if Plast had been influ- our Ukrainianism and to be proud of it. terviewed by her mother’s brother, Bohdan This pressure also came from the Ukrain- ential during her childhood, Freeland said: ian community. It was exerted in many Absolutely. Plast was a very important Chomiak, son of Michael, for a nationalist ways. I and the other Ukrainian children part of my life growing up and it is a very Ukrainian newspaper, Student, which has that I knew were taught about the Ukraine important part of my daughters’ lives. I been distributed to Ukrainian youth in uni- — its history, beauty, culture and vast grew up in a Ukrainian community and versities across Canada since the late 1960s. richness. Both our parents and the was active in Plast. Now my two daugh- Her uncle Bohdan asked Chrystia to com- Ukrainian community pressured us to ters are active plastunky in New York (my pare the two Ukrainian education programs marry Ukrainians and to keep working son is only 3 years old). My elder daugh- in which she was enrolled. She replied that in Ukrainian organizations. As a distant ter went to Lviv this summer for [Plast’s] historically, geographically and gra- goal, we looked forward to the libera- 100th anniversary.2 matically [sic] speaking ... you learned tion of Ukraine and I can remember Freeland joined Edmonton’s Plast more in the Saturday school.... One of childhood dreams of leading armies troop in 1977. That year, her mother, Haly- the biggest differences though is that the down the mountain sides. This pressure na Chomiak Freeland, another intensely pas- Saturday schools are much more patri- to remain proudly nationalistic was very 52 Press for Conversion! Issue # 70 Spring 2021 necessary. It counteracted the dominant $667,000 since 2009 to organize this The red and black battle flag of his Ukrain- social pressure from the general society event.11) In 2013, when Freeland was the ian Insurgent Army was held high.15 To hold 8 to assimilate.” (Emphasis added.) Liberal Party’s “star candidate” running for that year’s parade, UCC-Toronto received Like her father, Michael Chomiak, Halyna parliament, she was honoured to be the fes- $58,200 in federal government funds.16 went into law. Funded by George Soros she tival’s Parade Marshal. Heading the parade As usual, Toronto’s 2016 parade en- moved to Ukraine to help draft its post- were a boy and girl in traditional Ukrainian joyed the avid participation of Ukrainian 9 Soviet constitution (1992-2002). dress carrying the event’s official banner. ethnonationalist groups which glorify fas- Chomiak’s children and grandchil- Then came uniformed veterans bearing the cist army formations that collaborated with dren could not help but be deeply affected flags of Ukraine, Canada, the US and NATO. the Nazis. In this annual display of Ukrain- by the belief system in which they were im- Right behind them was a military-style band ian patriotism, hundreds of children and mersed. From an early age, they were incul- with 40 uniformed youth marching in for- youth were joined by politicians (represent- cated into nationalistic Ukrainian culture not mation. Next in line was Freeland, with her ing the Conservatives, Liberals and NDP), only by family and friends, Ukrainian young children, waving from a vintage white veterans, Ukraine’s Ambassador to Canada schools and Plast, but by a myriad of other Cadillac. (See photo, opposite page.) An- (Andriy Shevchenko), and uniformed mem- extremely nationalistic groups, events and other military-style band soon marched past bers of the Bandera youth movement who activities. The Ukrainian Catholic church with 60 uniformed members12 of the UYA. filed by in-step behind the UYA marching was also very influential. As Freeland said As the youth affiliate of the League of band (Baturyn). The parade also featured of her mother, “when we were growing up, Ukrainian Canadians, which represents fol- such role models as Miss Teenage Canada she insisted my sister and I go to church eve- lowers of the OUN(B), the UYA’s Bandera and Miss Ukraine Toronto. Children from 10 ry Sunday with our grandfather.” youth are taught to hail their fascist WWII Ukrainian schools and uniformed members From childhood on, Freeland’s en- military heroes with a cult-like reverence. of Toronto’s Plast troop also took part.17 culturation into the cause of Ukrainian eth- Toronto’s Ukrainian Festival has This Toronto festival and similar nonationalism was practically inescapable. everything to be expected from such annual events continue to demonstrate that Cana- It is little wonder then that as an adult, her family events: music, dancing, food, and pol- da’s far-right Ukrainian diaspora is alive and commitment and dedication to this cause has iticians from all levels of government and well. This ethnonationalist community con- been relentless. Aided by her intelligence, Canada’s three largest political parties. The tinues to thrive thanks in no small part to her command of language, her extreme con- event’s organizers also permit fundraising ongoing government funding that has fun- fidence and personal chutzpah, Freeland be- for a far-right paramilitary group whose neled millions of dollars in grants to their came an outspoken voice promoting the street fighters are known for brutal violence right-wing member groups and events.
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