Pacific Manuscripts Bureau
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PACIFIC MANUSCRIPTS BUREAU Room 4201, Coombs Building Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia Telephone: (612) 6125 2521 Fax: (612) 6125 0198 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pambu PAMBU: 40 years of archival collaboration in the Pacific Islands. Paper for PARBICA, ARANZ, ASA Conference, Brisbane, 12-17 October 2009. This paper is given to celebrate the 40 years of Pacific Manuscripts Bureau operations. It coincides with a period of transition in the Bureau’s management. Prof Brij Lal, the chair of the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau Management Committee since 1994, is nearing retirement; I am in a transition to retirement; Kylie Moloney has been appointed as PMB archivist with a view to taking over the management of the Bureau. At the PMB management committee meeting in May 2009 member libraries asked the Bureau’s staff to conduct a survey of the existing PMB collections so they can make a more informed decisions about the future strategic direction of Pambu projects. Pambu resources are minimal – time is short and maintaining momentum has been a key factor in the Bureau’s survival – therefore, in order to economise, this paper combines celebration and review. A natural reference point for both celebration and review, and thus this paper, is Robert Langdon’s unpublished report, “Pacific Manuscripts Bureau: pros and cons of its continuance”, written as he was retiring from the Bureau in April 1986.1 Langdon’s style is blunt and focused on the question of whether the Bureau would be able to continue to operate after his departure. Langdon reported on the Bureau’s history, goals, budget, achievements and opportunities. Robert Langdon (1924-2006) in retirement. First PMB Executive Officer, 1968-1986. This paper follows a similar format, but also locates the work of the Bureau in context of the development of archives administration in the Islands. But first a celebration… 1 Pacific Manuscripts Bureau: pros and cons of its continuance after 15 April 1986, unpublished report, Canberra, PMB, n.d., c.July 1985: Ts., 10pp, appendices. PAMBU: 40 years of archival collaboration in the Pacific Islands. Lolowai, Ambai, July 2009. Robert Langdon made nine PMB expeditions to the Islands, to Vanuatu (twice), Tahiti, Norfolk Island, Fiji, Niue, Western Samoa, the Solomon Islands and Samoa, using a portable Hirakawa microfilm camera to copy documents. The acronym, Pambu, became well known throughout the Islands. Langdon’s first microfilming expedition, in April-May 1969, was to Vanuatu (the New Hebrides) where he had established contacts during his visits for the Pacific Islands Monthly in 1963 and 1966. On Tangoa Island, South Santo, Langdon filmed records of the Presbyterian Training Institute just before it closed after 75 years of operation. He then flew in heavy weather to Aoba Island (Ambai) to visit Archdeacon Derek Rawcliffe of the Melanesian Mission at Lolowai. In July 2009, by chance 40 years later, I undertook follow-up fieldwork for the Bureau at Lolowai, working with Bishop Terry Brown, the Church of Melanesia archivist, at the invitation of the Anglican Bishop of Vanuatu, James Ligo, who was concerned about the state of the Vanuatu Diocesan archives in Lolowai and Luganville. Bob Langdon’s dramatic account of his trip conveys some of the excitement and difficulties of this kind of archival work. The pilot of the New Hebrides Airways Aztec aircraft was Gary Ogg, an Australian of 22 or 23 years, renowned for flying in all weathers. The rain was now coming down so heavily that I could hardly see out of the windows. Even so, we took off without difficulty and were soon flying over an ink- blue, white flecked sea. For 10 minutes, the going was quite bumpy. Then the sky cleared a little and the turbulence decreased until we sighted Devil’s Point, the westernmost tip of Aoba, and the sky again became an ominous black. Aoba, a huge, extinct volcano, was covered in dense vegetation from its summit to its iron- bound coast line. We flew along its southern side and then north-eastwards as it changed direction. After spotting a hole in the ‘ceiling’, Ogg came down over the narrow grass strip of Longana, and as he turned to land, he said to everyone: ‘Are you ready?’ And down we came, seemingly flying crabwise. A jeep was standing at the edge of the jungle beside the strip, and as we taxied towards it, I could see the Venerable Archdeacon Rawcliffe, a florid man in his late forties with a prominent, hawklike nose. He was standing in the rain in a beret, a raincoat and bare feet – not everyone’s image of the head of an Anglican diocese… 2 PAMBU: 40 years of archival collaboration in the Pacific Islands. We drove on through a thick tangle of jungle, dodging coconuts and fallen trees, climbing and descending almost perpendicular slopes, and occasionally dragging down vines and leaves from low overhanging branches… Finally we reached the archdeacon’s house, a small four-room building overlooking a cove of evident volcanic origin. The rain was still dripping down. It continued so, or got much worse, during the whole of my stay at Lolowai. Terminal at Longana airstrip, Ambai, July 2009, Bishop Terry Brown and Rev. Simeon Targinago, the Senior Priest, Church of Melanesia, Ambai, July 2009. They changed into dry clothes and the Archdeacon got out his archives. They were letters and papers about land matters dating back to the turn of the century, registers of baptisms, marriages and deaths, a brief history of Aoba by a former missionary and a great deal of linguistic material written by the archdeacon himself and his predecessors. Working into the night, Bob filmed these documents until the generator was turned off and resumed work in the morning until the camera jammed. He took the camera head for repair on a hair raising trip along the rim of a volcanic crater to a neighbour’s house. Conditions were so oppressive when I resumed microfilming [at the archdeacon’s house] that I was soon awash again in my own perspiration. Then the rain began to fall in positive torrents accompanied by fearful flashes of lightning and rumbles of thunder which caused the lights to flicker erratically. The moths and mosquitoes suddenly became so numerous that canny timing was needed to avoid photographing an insect each time the lens shutter was released. Finally the wind- on mechanism jammed again and I decided that I had done enough microfilming at Lolowai and packed up.2 The next morning the storm had abated a little when Bob was rowed out to the mission ship, Fauabu Twomey, for the voyage back to Santo, but the sea was still stormy enough for a wave to dowse the camera case. The ship crossed the rough strait to Santo where Bob arrived in time to meet up with friends and survey the remains of an ancient stone wall, which he demonstrated to have been built by Spaniards, before moving on to the next stage of the microfilming program. In July this year Bishop Terry Brown and I flew in to Longana airstrip from Port Vila in a Chinese Harbin aircraft, also through stormy weather, and caged a lift in a four-wheel drive 2 Langdon, Every Goose a Swan, Vol.2, Ch.60. unpublished (PMB 1230). 3 PAMBU: 40 years of archival collaboration in the Pacific Islands. vehicle through the rain along the same road to Togil, then walked over to Lolowai. We met Rev. Simeon Targinago, the Senior Priest, and Rev. Judah Butu, the former Diocesan Education Officer, who were not expecting our visit. Over lunch they explained that few Diocesan records remained in Lolowai as most had been transferred to Santo when the Diocesan HQ moved in 1980. Rev. Butu was aware that Pambu had microfilmed Melanesian Mission records at Lolowai previously and he mentioned that at one stage a part of the PMB microfilm had been used to retrieve copies of Lolowai land records. Rev. Judah Butu, the former Vanuatu Diocesan Education Officer, Church of Melanesia, at Lolowai, July 2009, at a memorial for Rev. Charles Godden, murdered at Lolowai in 1906. That afternoon and the following day, on the veranda of the Cooperative Society at Lolowai, Bishop Terry and I surveyed and arranged the records which Rev. Butu kept in the old Education Office. Selected files were microfilmed on the veranda over the next three days, using power supplied by a generator owned by Mrs Losdalyn Leodoro. The files consisted of Diocesan education administration papers from the late 1970s until the present and some of Rev. Butu’s personal papers. Some of the papers document the struggle for independence in Vanuatu, including papers of the Trained Teachers’ Association relating to a teachers’ strike in 1979, and other papers documenting the New Hebrides Cultural Association, the Vanuaaku Pati, and texts of speeches by Rev. Butu and others. Some papers of Penama Provincial Council of Women, and its predecessors, belonging to his mother, Joce Butu, in very poor condition, were also microfilmed. In addition, Mr Clemson, the Principal of St Patrick’s Secondary College, brought one box of College archives, including the College log books 1923-1946, 1963-1974, which were microfilmed on 10 July and on the morning of 11 July, just before we left for Luganville in Santo. Loloawi Credit Union 4 PAMBU: 40 years of archival collaboration in the Pacific Islands. BishopTerry Brown, surveying papers at Lolowai, July 2009, microfilm camera in background. 5 Bishop Brown and I continued on by plane to Santo in the afternoon and were met at the Santo Airport by Bishop James Ligo who took us to the old Diocesan administration offices at Sarataka, in Luganville, adjacent to the Holy Spirit Church.