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Das "TACHELES" in Berlin. Vom Passage-Kaufhaus Zum Kunsthaus

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Das Das „TACHELES“ in Berlin Vom Passage-Kaufhaus zum Kunsthaus Der Nutzungswandel einer Bautypologie im Kontext soziokultureller Stadtentwicklung Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Diplomarbeit Das „TACHELES“ in Berlin Vom Passage-Kaufhaus zum Kunsthaus Der Nutzungswandel einer Bautypologie im Kontext soziokultureller Stadtentwicklung ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Diplom-Ingenieurin unter der Leitung von Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. Marina Döring-Williams M.A. E251-01 Institut für Kunstgeschichte, Bauforschung und Denkmalpflege eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Insa Luise Höhne, Bsc Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 01429162. (E066 443) Wien, im November 2019 Insa Luise Höhne Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. KURZFASSUNG In meiner Masterarbeit mit dem Titel „Das „TACHELES“ Vom Passage-Kaufhaus zum Kunsthaus. Der Nutzungswandel einer Bautypologie im Kontext soziokultureller Stadtentwicklung“ zeige ich die Verbindung von Architektur, und soziokulturellen sowie städtebaulichen Entwicklungen auf. Anhand des Forschungsobjektes „Tacheles“ in Berlin und dessen Nutzungswandel setze ich diese Themenbereiche in Kontext zueinander. Die Betreuung dieser Arbeit übernahm Frau Univ. Prof. Döring-Williams. Im Speziellen befasse ich mich im ersten Themenbereich meiner Arbeit zunächst ausführlich mit der baugeschichtlichen Analyse der Bautypologie „Passage“. Diese liegt dem Forschungsobjekt zugrunde. In weiterer Folge analysierte ich die Entwicklung des urbanen Bautyps von der Passage zum Warenhaus und seine sich wandelnde Relevanz im städtischen Kontext. Den Schlussteil meines ersten Themenbereichs bildet die Untersuchung der Bauaufgabe der für den Passagenraum gewählten, architektonischen Baustilelemente. Hierfür habe ich anhand der Entwicklung und der Umwandlung der Bauaufgabe durch die Epochen von der öffentlichen Bauaufgabe der antiken Stoa, über die sakrale Bauaufgabe der gotischen Kathedrale bis zur herrschaftlichen Bauaufgabe der barocken Herrschaftshäuser die Relevanz der architektonischen Bauelemente erforscht. Im zweiten Themenbereich meiner Arbeit erforsche ich anhand einer diachronen Analyse die Nutzungsphasen des „Tacheles“ von seiner Errichtung als Friedrichstraßen-Passage 1908 über die Umnutzung 1928, den Verfall 1939-45, die Teilsprengungen 1980 und die Besetzung 1990 – der Geburt des „Kunsthaus Tacheles“ – bis hin zum Wiederaufbau der Passage seit 2014. Dabei habe ich die einzelnen Nutzungsphasen in vier Themenbereiche aufgeteilt und in Kontext zueinander gesetzt: Gesellschaftliche Hintergründe, Ausdruck im öffentlichen Raum, Städtebauliche Entwicklungen und die jeweiligen architektonischen Umsetzungen am Gebäude. Anhand der baugeschichtlichen Analyse der „Passage“ und der Erforschung des Nutzungswandels des „Tacheles“ wird seine Relevanz als soziokultureller und öffentlicher Raum im Herzen Berlins verdeutlicht. Vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Diskurses über Teilhabe an der Stadt geht es um die Frage, wie solche öffentlichen Orte in Zukunft entwickelt und gemeinsam gestaltet werden sollten. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ABSTRACT In my master thesis “The “TACHELES” in Berlin. From Passage Department Store to Art Facility. Changes in the utilization of a building typology in the context of socio-cultural urban development” I demonstrate the connection between architecture and socio-cultural and urban developments. The “Tacheles” in Berlin and its conversion of use as the items of research will examine the context of these subject areas. This paper was supervised by my mentor Mrs. Univ. Prof. Döring-Williams. In the first section, I focus particularly on an elaborate analysis of the “passage”-building typology, which is the basis of the research object. Furthermore, I analyze the development from the urban “passage” to the warehouse and its changing relevance in the urban context. The concluding part of the first section is the examination of the architectural style elements used for the passage. For this purpose, I studied the development and transformation of the architectural element on the basis of the epochs of the antique Stoa, through the sacral gothic cathedrals to the baroque manor houses. In the second section, I explore the different use phases of the “Tacheles” with the aid of the diachronic analysis: Its erection 1908 as the Friedrichstraßen-Passage, the reutilization in 1928, the deterioration between 1939 and 1945, the partly blasting in 1980 and the occupation 1990 - the origin of the “Kunsthaus Tacheles” - and the reconstruction of the passage since 2014. The separate phases were split into four subject areas and put in context to each other: Social backgrounds, expression in public space, urban development and the respective architectural realization on the building. On the basis of the architectural analysis of the “passage” and the exploration of the development of change of the “Tacheles”, the relevance of the socio-cultural and public space at the heart of Berlin is clarified. Against the background of the current discussion concerning the participation of the city, it must be asked, how such public locations need to be developed and designed together in future times. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. DANKE LENA, TATJANA, THOMAS, REINHARD, BARBARA, CHRISTIAN, CLEMENS UND ELISABETH FÜR EURE UNTERSTÜTZUNG, GEDULD, KRAFT, HILFSBEREITSCHAFT, KRITIK UND GETEILTE FREUDE - NICHT NUR - AN UND BEI DIESER ARBEIT. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 EINFÜHRUNG ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2 FORSCHUNGSSTAND ............................................................................................................................... 7 3 BAUBESCHREIBUNG FRIEDRICHSTRASSEN-PASSAGE. Stand Einweihung 1909 ................... 11 3.1 Der Gebäudekomplex ......................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Die äußeren Fassaden .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Der Passagenraum ............................................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Die innere Erschließung ...................................................................................................................... 18 3.5 Die Passagenhäuser und ihre Nutzflächen .......................................................................................... 20 3.6 Die Konstruktion ................................................................................................................................. 21 4 BAUTYPOLOGIE „PASSAGE“ .............................................................................................................. 24 4.1 Begriffsklärung „Passage“ .................................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Existenzbedingungen der Passage. Nach Johann-Friedrich Geist ...................................................... 25 4.2.1 Die Lage in der Stadt ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.2 Die Platzierung ............................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.3 Die innere Organisation ................................................................................................................. 32 4.2.4 Das Publikum ................................................................................................................................. 33 4.3 Von der Passage zum Warenhaus. Entwicklung eines urbanen Bautyps. .......................................... 33 4.3.1 Die Entstehung. Die Passagen in Paris zum ausgehenden 18.Jhd. ................................................ 34 4.3.2 Die Weiterentwicklung. Von der Passage zum Kaufhaus. Der Bazar in London zu Beginn des Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser
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