Full Technical Report ICTP 2013 Full Technical Report 2013 The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
ISSN 2079-9187
Compiled by the ICTP Public Information Office May 2014
Cover design by Advocacy International
Public Information Office The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Strada Costiera, 11 I - 34151 Trieste Italy [email protected] www.ictp.it
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS FULL TECHNICAL REPORT 2013
ISSN 2079-9187
Compiled by the ICTP Public Information Office May 2013
Cover design by Jordan Chatwin
Public Information Office The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Strada Costiera, 11 I - 34151 Trieste Italy [email protected] www.ictp.it
INTRODUCTION
This document is the full technical report of ICTP for the year 2013. For the non-technical description of 2013 highlights, please see the printed “Summary of Activities 2013” book.
4 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 CONTENTS
Research High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (HECAP) ...... 9 Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics (CMSP) ...... 22 Mathematics ...... 33 Earth System Physics (ESP) ...... 48 Structure and Nonlinear Dynamics of the Earth (hosted activity) ...... 75 Applied Physics Telecommunications/ICT for Development Laboratory (T/ICT4D) ...... 91 Physics of the Living State ...... 97 Medical Physics ...... 104 Fluid Dynamics ...... 106 Anchor Optics Research (AOR) Programme ...... 108 Synchrotron Radiation Related Theory ...... 109 Multidisciplinary Laboratory (MLab) ...... 111 New Research Areas Renewable Energy and Sustainability ...... 117 Quantitative Biology ...... 120 Computational Sciences ...... 122 Director's Research Group – String Phenomenology and Cosmology ...... 123
Training and Education Programmes Pre-PhD Level Postgraduate Diploma Programme ...... 127 ICTP-IAEA Sandwich Training Educational Programme (STEP) ...... 130 Joint Programmes in Higher Education Laurea Magistralis ...... 133 PhD Programme in Environmental and Industrial Fluid Mechanics ...... 134 Joint International ICTP/SISSA PhD (JIISP) Programme in Physics and Mathematics ...... 136 Joint ICTP/Collegio Carlo Alberto Program in Economics ...... 137 Master’s in the Physics of Complex Systems ...... 138 Career Support Associateship Scheme ...... 139 Federation Arrangements Scheme ...... 144 Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) ...... 146 ICTP-ELETTRA Users Programme ...... 149
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 5
SESAME Project ...... 150 Training and Education in Developing Countries Office of External Activities (OEA) ...... 152
Activities in Developing Countries ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR) ...... 155
Prizes and Awards ICTP Dirac Medal ...... 157 ICTP Prize ...... 157 ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award ...... 157 Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries ...... 158
Scientific Support Services Marie Curie Library ...... 160 Science Dissemination Unit ...... 162 Information and Communication Technology Section (ICTS) ...... 168 Multimedia Publications Office ...... 169 The African Review of Physics ...... 170
Appendices Scientific Papers: High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics ...... 173 Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics ...... 181 Mathematics ...... 185 Earth System Physics ...... 188 Structure and Nonlinear Dynamics of the Earth ...... 193 Applied Physics ...... Telecommunications/ICT for Development Laboratory ...... 195 Physics of the Living State ...... 196 Synchrotron Radiation Related Theory ...... 197 Multidisciplinary Laboratory ...... 197 New Research Areas ...... Renewable Energy and Sustainability ...... 201 String Phenomenology and Cosmology ...... 201 Science Dissemination Unit ...... 202 ICTP Statistics 2013 ...... Visits to Research and Training Activities, 2013 ...... 204 Summary of Research and Training Activities, 2013 ...... 214
6 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013
Visitors and Person-Months by Country, 2013 ...... 215 Region of Origin, ICTP Visitors, 2013 ...... 220 News from ICTP-SAIFR, 2013 ...... 221
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 7
RESEARCH
8 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (HECAP)
Introduction There are four broad research areas in the High Energy Section: I. Phenomenology of Particle Physics, II. Cosmology, III. LHC, and IV. Gravity, String and Higher Dimensional Theories.
Phenomenology of Particle Physics The results achieved by the group in 2013 covered various topics in high energy and LHC phenomenology, neutrino, dark matter and astroparticle physics.
1. Energy frontier and LHC phenomenology a) Many experimental facts hint towards the existence of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Understanding where the new physics scale lies is of paramount importance for guiding collider searches and planning future experimental efforts. The absence of the expected new physics in the recent data from the LHC started raising strong doubts about "naturalness", the guiding principle that has dominated high energy searches in the last century. Whether this fact represents a paradigm change in our view of fundamental interactions or it is just due to an accident of the underlying theory is one of the main problems the LHC and future colliders are called to address in the coming years. We studied the implications of the latest LHC searches for the physics beyond the Standard Model, assessing the status of a number of supersymmetric theories, and how well they can explain the current experimental situation. The main result is that even if new physics will be discovered in the next LHC run naturalness will not emerge triumphant. b) Recent developments in the understanding of theories of quantum gravity and their vacuum structure opened the possibility of an alternative solution to the naturalness problem. When applied to the supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model this new solution naturally points towards a scale not far beyond the reach of current particle colliders. We explored the phenomenological implications of this idea, new types of experimental signals to be looked for and various ways to distinguish this new framework from ordinary supersymmetric theories. Finding experimental proof of such a scenario would radically change our view of fundamental interactions.
2. Neutrino Physics potential of huge atmospheric neutrino detectors: a) Multi-megaton mass scale under ice and underwater detectors of atmospheric neutrinos (PINGU, ORCA) open up new possibilities in the determination of neutrino properties. Various ways to enhance the discovery potential of these detectors have been explored. In particular, it has been shown that measurements of inelasticity in neutrino interactions allow partial separation of the neutrino and antineutrino signals, improve reconstruction of neutrino direction, and consequently, substantially enhance the sensitivity to the mass hierarchy. b) Effects of possible non-standard neutrino interactions on the oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos inside the Earth have been explored. We also showed that IceCube and DeepCore experiments have unprecedented sensitivity to the strength of these interactions.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 9 Bounds on the strength parameters have been obtained analyzing events from IceCube-79 and the DeepCore. Future measurements by DeepCore will allow to further improving the bounds by a factor of 2-3. Checks of possible existence of sterile neutrinos with the eV-scale mass hinted by LSND, MiniBooNE, reactor and gallium experiments is of paramount importance for theory phenomenology and future experimental programs. In this connection, the possibilities of IceCube measurements of atmospheric neutrinos have been explored in detail. Dependence of the active-to- sterile neutrino oscillation effects on mixing schemes and CP phases have been studied. It is found that inclusion of the energy information improves the sensitivity to sterile neutrinos drastically. Lepton mixing and flavor symmetries: a) Lepton mixing can originate from the breaking of flavor symmetry in different ways. We derived the symmetry group condition that allows getting relations between the lepton mixing elements directly. An extension of this framework has been proposed. It is shown that relatively small corrections to these lowest order results can produce the required mass splitting and mixing. b) Probing the origin of neutrino mass by disentangling the seesaw mechanism is one of the central issues of particle physics. We address it in the minimal left-right symmetric model, enabling predictions for a number of high and low energy phenomena.
3. Dark matter, dark sectors and astroparticles a) We demonstrated that sterile neutrinos could be consistent with cosmological bounds from CMB and structure formation, if the neutrinos are charged under a hidden interaction mediated by a light particle. This also helps solve the small-scale structure problems of dark matter if dark matter couples to this hidden interaction. b) We showed that a comparison of the gamma-ray signals of the Galactic center and the isotropic extragalactic gamma ray background can break the degeneracy between the dark matter annihilation cross section and the boost-factor due to dark matter clustering. c) A comprehensive interpretation of the highest energy neutrino events at around 1 PeV, seen in IceCube in 2012, has been achieved. We argued that the source ought to be extraterrestrial and should have a spectrum that falls roughly at 1/E^2. d) We found that axion models have an undiscovered new symmetry that can stabilize a heavy particle. This leads to two dark matter candidates in these axion models - a light ultracold axion and a heavy cold WIMP. This scenario leads to a smoking-gun double-detection of dark matter in direct detection experiments, e.g., XENON-1T, and axion experiments, e.g., ADMX. e) We showed that new neutrino interactions mediated by a light vector boson could be strongly constrained using electroweak decays and scattering. These constraints have important implications for some neutrinophilic dark matter models. f) We showed that rotating proto-neutron stars produce GeV energy neutrinos through a magnetic wind that could be detectable in upcoming experiments, e.g., Hyper-K and PINGU. These neutrinos would be a signature of quasi-thermal acceleration processes and allow us to explore a completely new energy regime in neutrino astronomy.
Cosmology In 2013, the primary research activities of the Cosmology group were in the following directions: 1. Non-perturbative results in LSS (Paolo Creminelli). Using techniques borrowed from early cosmology, we showed some exact results for the distribution of matter in the universe. A very long wavelength mode induces a homogeneous gravitational field and its effect on shorter scales can be captured using the Equivalence Principle independently of all the details of the problem, including non-linearities, baryons and bias effects. These results can be related to the previously derived consistency relations for inflation and extended to observations in redshift space. Given
10 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 that they are rooted in the Equivalence Principle they can be used as a smoking gun to detect its violation on cosmological scales. 2. Non-linear realization of space-time symmetries (Paolo Creminelli, Marco Serone). Non-linearly realized spacetime symmetries are very relevant in cosmology and condensed matter systems. There are some differences with respect to internal symmetries: for example, the number of Goldstone bosons is less than the number of broken generator. We explored different realizations of the conformal and Galileon group finding an unexpected relation among apparently unrelated theories. We then addressed the general question of whether different realizations give rise to equivalent theories, as it occurs for internal symmetries. It turns out that the notion of locality is different so that different realizations give rise to physically inequivalent theories. 3. Quantum-field theory in curved space (Diana Lopez-Nacir). The study of QFT in curved space, in particular de Sitter space, is very important in cosmology since we believe the initial conditions for the universe are set up by quantum fluctuations during inflation. We developed a non- perturbative approach using the Hartree approximation that is useful, for example, to understand infrared effects during inflation. 4. Bremsstrahlung processes in Dark Matter (Gabrijela Zaharijas). In the context of indirect Dark Matter detection, we discussed the importance of Bremsstrahlung gamma rays. This effect is relevant especially for light dark matter, and it must be consistently taken into account for the DM interpretation, though its estimate depends on astrophysical uncertainties. G. Zaharijas is a member of the Fermi-LAT collaboration. 5. Large scale structure. In 2012, we showed how to merge two separate research streams into a single powerful study of how the abundance and spatial distribution of galaxy clusters encodes information about the initial conditions, the expansion history of the universe, and the nature of gravity (Marcello Musso, Aseem Paranjape, Ravi Sheth). 2013 saw a number of further developments of the upcrossing approach developed in 2012: extension to smaller masses (allowing the approach to be used to model galaxies as well as galaxy clusters), to arbitrarily non- Gaussian fluctuation fields (so the method can be used in the late time highly nonlinear field as well as the initial one), and tests in simulations of the accuracy of a new cross-correlation technique, which our analysis had uncovered, for quantifying how the spatial distribution of halos is biased with respect to the underlying matter field. This included an essentially exact solution of a first passage problem first posed in 1974. In 2012, we had shown that the tidal/shear field leads to qualitatively new signatures in the spatial distribution of clusters. In 2013, we provided a more general formulation of the stochasticity in halo formation, which is associated with such effects and its consequences (Emanuele Castorina, Ravi Sheth). On-going collaboration with the Trieste Observatory, initiated in 2012, led to a few papers illustrating the accuracy of a fast algorithm for generating mock galaxy catalogs. Scaling-up the approach so that it becomes the leading mock-making factory for the next generation of surveys such as Euclid is in progress (Emiliano Sefusatti, Ravi Sheth). A new collaboration with the Trieste Observatory led to a number of papers on the role of neutrinos in cosmology (Emanuele Castorina, Emiliano Sefusatti, Ravi Sheth). We demonstrated that cluster abundances and clustering in neutrino cosmologies are most easily (and accurately!) described by treating the neutrinos as modifying the background cosmology within which the cold dark matter component clusters. Not doing so potentially introduces systematic biases in constraints on cosmological parameters from datasets such as Planck and BOSS.
LHC 2013 was as another amazing year for the CERN Large Hadron Collider experiments (as were 2011 and 2012!). In 2013, the CERN experiments (including ATLAS) confirmed that the new particle which was discovered was indeed the famous Higgs boson which was hypothesised in the early 1960's to be responsible for giving mass to elementary particles like electrons, quarks and W-bosons and to play a crucial role in the Standard Model developed by Salam and Weinberg.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 11 The ICTP-Udine ATLAS group continued from strength to strength, solidly contributing to many analyses, which were published by ATLAS in 2013. This includes measurements involving both the top quark, the Higgs boson as well as searches for supersymmetry. Former ICTP diploma student (Muhammad Alhoroub from Palestine) was funded by a CERN-INFN fellowship. Together with former UTrieste PhD student Michele Pinamonti, who is a postdoc at SISSA, they have been developing the ATLAS measurement of the production of the Higgs boson in association with top quarks. Postdoc Umberto de Sanctis also obtained a fellowship to allow him to be stationed at CERN where he worked with ICTP postdoc Kate Shaw on the measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-antitop quark production, which was published in a paper at the end of the year. Loan Truong (former ICTP diploma student and now SISSA/ICTP PhD student) began working in earnest on another Higgs measurement: namely, the measurement of the rate at which the Higgs boson decays into particles (such as neutrinos or dark matter) that escape the ATLAS detector. These so-called invisible Higgs decays are extremely important to ascertain whether the Higgs boson is actually the Higgs boson of the Standard model or if its properties indicate that there is new physics. In addition, Rachik Soualah, also a postdoc in the group, contributed to all of these studies in various ways. On average, during 2013, the group had five postdocs and two PhD students. All the postdocs and students presented talks and/or posters at international conferences in 2013. In 2013, ATLAS published (and submitted for publication) a total of 88 papers and over 100 conference notes. The presence of the ICTP ATLAS group continues to provide an added visibility to ICTP at CERN, and this has helped catalyse other activities such as the African School in Fundamental Physics.
String Related Topics In 2013, the activities in string related topics in our group have been mainly in the following directions: 1) String realization of Nekrasov partition function During the last 10-15 years there has been remarkable progress in obtaining exact results in 4-dimensional N=2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories using localization techniques. In particular, Nekrasov was able to solve the theory exactly including two deformation parameters (called Omega deformations). While one of these parameters is known to correspond to anti-selfdual Graviphoton background, the meaning of the second parameter was less clear. We showed that certain generalized higher derivative F-terms in the string effective action reproduce both the perturbative and non-perturbative parts of the Omega deformed Yang-Mills partition functions in the appropriate field theory limit, with the second parameter being identified with self-dual field strength of a particular Vector multiplet (Kahler modulus of the torus in Heterotic theory). 2) Holography: a) One area of study was on the holographic realization of superfluidity, specifically, solutions in 5- dim gauged supergravity resulting from a consistent reduction of Type IIB theory. The corresponding solutions for superfluid velocities below a critical value are charged AdS domain wall solutions that are shown to demonstrate Quantum criticality in the infrared region. b) In a particular model of holographic QCD with N_f flavours and N_c colours in the large N_c and N_f limit keeping the ratio N_f/N_c fixed, it is shown that below a critical value of this ratio the spectra are discrete and gapped while near the ctritical point where the theory becomes conformal and all the masses go to zero uniformly. The physics of this study is important for possible applications to technicolour theories.
12 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 c) It is known (particularly through the recent works of Komargodski and Schwimmer) that when an RG flow interpolates between two conformal field theories by some operator acquiring a vacuum expectation value, there is an associated goldstone boson (called dilaton). This dilaton field in the holographic description of such RG flows was identified as a normalizable zero mode corresponding to the scale factor in the holgraphic flow solution. 3) Higher order corrections: Several works on obtaining tree level higher derivative corrections to the D-brane effective actions for both supersymmetric and non supersymmetric cases were carried out. In particular 4- point functions involving a closed string (RR) field and 3 open string fields such as gauge fields, massless scalars and tachyons (in the non-supersymmetric case). Studying these amplitudes in the factorization limit yields infinite set of higher derivative terms. It was remarkable to realize that the pattern of these higher derivative corrections is universal, a fact that cannot be understood from any known duality symmetries of string theory. 4) Topological Field Theory: An exact evaluation of the path integral for Chern-Simons theory for smooth 3-manifolds, which are non-trivial circle bundles over 2-dimenional orbifolds, was obtained. Technically this requires avoiding the singular space of flat connections altogether and an application of Abelianization. 5) Mathematical Physics: Hyper-Kahler manifolds abound in string theory as well as in topological field theory and one of the issues that is of interest, also mathematically, has to do with involutions. Following an approach due to Beauville, we find conditions on the holomorphic symplectic manifolds, which admit involutions with middle dimensional fixed point set.
Training Activities MatKematica School in Theoretical Physics: Advanced Topics in Conformal Field Theory 11-16 March Organizers: N. Gromov, K.S. Narain, P. Vieira
Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics 18-26 March Organizers: E. Gava, S. Minwalla, K.S. Narain, S. Randjbar-Daemi, E. Silverstein
Summer School on Particle Physics 10-21 June Organizers: G. Isidori, M. Shaposhnikov, A. Smirnov, G. Villadoro
Higgs and Beyond the Standard Model Physics at the LHC 24-28 June Organizers: B. Acharya, A. de Roeck, J. Ellis, M. Kado
New Light in Cosmology from the CMB - School and Workshop 22-26 July / 29 July - 2 August Organizers: C. Baccigalupi, P. Creminelli, R. Sheth, A. Zacchei
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 13
From Majorana to LHC: Workshop on the Origin of Neutrino Mass 2-5 October Organizers: F. Ferroni, C. Leonidopoulos, F. Nesti, G. Raffelt, G. Senjanovic, F. Vissani
Workshop on the Future of Dark Matter Astro-Particle Physics: Insights and Perspectives 8-11 October Organizers: M. Boezio, M. Cirelli, J. Edsjo, F. Longo, P. Serpico, P. Ullio, G. Zaharijas
Workshop on Galaxy Bias: Non-linear, Non-local and Non-Gaussian 8-11 October Organizers: R. Scoccimarro, E. Sefusatti, R. Sheth
Outside Activities Seventh Crete Regional Meeting in String Theory 16-23 June Organizers: F. Ardalan, I. Bakas, E. Kiritsis, D. Luest, K.S. Narain, E. Rabinowici, S. Wadia, E. Witten
African School of Fundamental Physics and its Applications - Kumasi, Ghana 15 July - 4 August Organizers: B. Acharya, K. Assamagan, C. Darve, J. Ellis, S. Muanza
Participation in International Programmes European Contract “UNILHC” - “Unification in the LHC Era”
Services
B.S. Acharya Organizer of Higgs and Beyond the Standard Model Physics at the LHC Organizer of the School on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (Pre-SUSY) and the 21st International Conference on Superymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2013) Supervisor of 8 Postdocs Supervisor of 1 Diploma Programme student Supervisor of 1 PhD student at SISSA/ICTP, 3 PhD students at King's College, London, 1 at Laboratoire de l'accélérateur linéaire (LAL), France, 1 at U. Michigan, US, and 6 undergraduate students (King's College) Taught Elementary Particle Physics at King's College, London Taught a full 35 hour lecture course to undergraduate/masters students
14 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 at Birzeit University in Palestine (together with Kate Shaw) Awarded external research grant: King's College Department fellowship to partially fund one ICTP diploma student's PhD studies STFC grant to fund particle phenomenology research, including collaboration with the ICTP EPSRC funding to collaborate with Imperial College Geometry group on G2-manifolds Served on committee to investigate and implement the “INDICO” system at the ICTP (to replace the “AGENDA” system) Preparations for the 2014 African School in Fundamental Physics and its Applications including a one week site visit to Dakar to ensure that the necessary infrastructures are in place for the school which takes place in August 2014 Have collaborated with ATLAS and CMS experimental groups in Africa and South America: advised on how to maximize potential, funding opportunities and have directly collaborated Developed a detailed funding proposal for Kings-ICTP collaboration, which will be submitted, to various funding agencies in early 2013. Met with UK Science Minister to discuss the project which is being re- drafted to be submitted again Organized the programme for LHC masterclasses in Algeria and Palestine which were delivered by ICTP postdocs (Shaw, Soualah and al Horoub) as well as other collaborators
D. Arean Co-supervisor of ICTP STEP student (I. Salazar, Argentina) Arranged String Theory group seminars
B. Dasgupta Arranges Phenomenology group seminars Tutorials on Particle Physics for the Diploma Programme Scientific Secretary of the Workshop on the Future of Dark Matter Astro-Particle Physics: Insights and Perspectives Scientific advisory committee member for Numerical Relativity Workshop, ICTS, Bangalore
P. Creminelli Lectured on General Relativity for the Diploma Programme Lectured on Cosmology for the Diploma Programme Course on Non-gaussianity at Les Houches, France Course on Inflation at SISSA Organizer of the School & Workshop New Light in Cosmology from the CMB Organizer of the School on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (Pre-SUSY) and the 21st International Conference on Superymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY2013) Supervisor of one Diploma Programme student and examiner for thesis defence
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 15 Supervisor of 2 PhD students from SISSA Supervisor of 1 PhD student visiting from IPM, Iran Supervision of 1 HECAP Postdoc Member of the Committee for the selection of OEA P1 position
E. Gava Organizer of the Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics Organizer of the School on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (Pre-SUSY) and the 21st International Conference on Superymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY2013) Lectured on Relativistic Quantum Mechanics for the Diploma Programme Supervisor of one PhD SISSA student Examiner for thesis defense of Diploma Programme students
R.K. Gupta Arranges String Theory group seminars Tutorials on Quantum Field Theory for the Diploma Programme
E. Hatefi Chairman of String Theory Journal Club
D. Hernandez Diaz Tutorials on General Relativity for the Diploma Programme Scientific Secretary of the Summer School on Particle Physics
D. Lopez Nacir Arranges Cosmology group seminars Scientific Secretary of the School & Workshop on New Light in Cosmology from the CMB
K.S. Narain Head of the High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Section Head of the Postgraduate Diploma Programme Coordinator of the Postgraduate Diploma in High Energy Physics Lectured on Quantum Field Theory for the Diploma Supervisor of one Diploma Programme student and examiner for thesis defence and three PhD SISSA students Organizer of the Matematica School in Theoretical Physics: Advanced Topics in Conformal Field Theory Organizer of the Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics Organizer of the Workshop on Geometric Correspondences of Gauge Theories Organizer of the School on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (Pre-SUSY) and the 21st International Conference on Superymmetry and Unification of Fundamental
16 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Interactions (SUSY2013) Organizer of the Seventh Crete Regional Meeting in String Theory
M. Nemevsek Tutorials on The Standard Model for the Diploma Programme Arranged Phenomenology Group seminars Scientific Secretary of From Majorana to LHC: Workshop on the Origin of Neutrino Mass
E. Sefusatti Organizer of the Workshop on Galaxy Bias: Non-linear, Non-local and Non-Gaussian
G. Senjanovic Lectured on The Standard Model for the Diploma Programme Supervisor of four Diploma Programme students and examiner for thesis defence Organizer of From Majorana to LHC: Workshop on the Origin of Neutrino Mass
K. Shaw Scientific Secretary of Higgs and Beyond the Standard Model Physics at the LHC Project collaborator, ATLAS Experiment, CERN Postdoctoral supervisor for PhD student Taught Masters course in Particle Physics with B. Acharya at Birzeit University, Palestine Taught Master classes in Particle Physics in Algeria
R. Sheth On leave in 2013 Organizer of the School & Workshop New Light in Cosmology from the CMB Organizer of the Workshop on Galaxy Bias: Non-linear, Non-local and Non-Gaussian Senior Associate Scientist: ICTS, Bangalore, India Senior Visiting Scholar: AIMS, Cape Town, South Africa Visiting Researcher: LUTh - Meudon Observatory, France (June 2013) Visiting Professor: Institut Henri Poincare, France (November 2013) Member: IAU-OAD Task Force 1 (Research and Universities) Member: Kaufman Science Advisory Board Member: NASA grant review panel (October 2013) Lecturer: Large Scale Structure, Institut Henri Poincare (November 2013) Collaborated with: Junior Associate S. Movahed; Postdocs S. Anselmi, A. Paranjape, E. Sefusatti; Visitor S. Nadkarni-Ghosh Hosted IAU-OAD Associates: A. Hakobyan, B. Sabra
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 17 Supervised SISSA PhD students: N. Frusciante, E. Castorina External PhD examiner/reviewer: J. Carreteros (Barcelona), R. Gupta (UPenn), G. Miller (UPenn), J. Mosher (UPenn)
A. Smirnov Lectured on Introduction to Particle Physics for the Diploma Programme Supervisor of two Diploma Programme students and examiner for thesis defense Supervision of three High Energy post-docs Collaboration with four High Energy invited guest scientists Organization of the Phenomenology activities within the High Energy Section Organizer of the Summer School on Particle Physics Participation in the following conferences and educational activities: "Neutrino oscillations: basic formalism", lecture, and "Resolving the neutrino mass hierarchy with atmospheric neutrinos", talk at Heraeus workshop "Exploring the Neutrino Sky and Fundamental Particle Physics on the Megaton Scale", the Physikzentrum, Bad Honnef, Germany, 20- 23 January 2013 "Neutrinos: Flavors of the Invisible", Schuster Colloquium, University of Manchester, February 13, 2013, and "Neutrino physics in ice and water" seminar at University of Manchester, February 14, 2013 "Neutrino mass hierarchy and matter effects", talk at 'XV International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes' Venice, Italy, March 12-15, 2013 "Neutrinos: Flavors of the Invisible", ICTP Colloquium, March 20, 2013 "Neutrinos: inverting mass hierarchy, talk at BLV2013 workshop on the Baryon and Lepton Number Violation, MPIK, Heidelberg, April 8-11, 2013 "Oscillation physics with big neutrino telescopes", talk at the workshop 'Exotic Physics with Neutrino Telescopes 2013' Marseille University, France, April 2013 "Neutrinos: race for the mass hierarchy", Particle physics theory seminar, Würzburg University, Germany April 18, 2013 "Neutrino Physics: status and prospect", talk at Latsis Symposium 2013 “Nature at the energy frontier”, June 3-6, 2013 at ETH Zurich, Switzerland "Theory of neutrino masses and mixing", talk at the Pontecorvo100 Symposium, Pisa, Italy, September 18-20 2013 "Neutrino physics in ice", seminar at Blackett Lab., Imperial College, London, November 13, 2013 "Neutrino mixing: symmetry or no symmetry", talk at the workshop "Towards the Construction of the Fundamental Theory of Flavour", TUM, Munchen, Germany, December 8-13, 2013 Editor of JHEP (Journal of High Energy Physics) and JCAP (Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics) Member of the European network INT "Invisibles"
18 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Member of Advisory committees of several international conferences including "Neutrino-2014"
G. Thompson Head of ICTP Office of External Activities Lectured on Lei Groups and Lie Algebras for the Diploma Programme Lectures series on Topological Field Theory at ICTP Lecture series School in Dubna, Russia Organizer of the Workshop on Geometric Correspondences of Gauge Theories Undertook complete reorganization of TRIL and its incorporation into the OEA Office Introduced a new on-line application scheme for TRIL Together with Uli Singe changed the procedure for payments of visitors to the ICTP Together with Uli Singe continuously involved in the introduction of the portal concept Was active in obtaining a contribution from Armenia to the ICTP Endowment fund Part of Delegation to Rwanda and follow up on ICTP East Africa Chairman of ICTS Board Chairman of committee on the Library Chairman of committee on the Info Point Chairman of Committee to look at IOS recommendation on contractual obligations Chairman of Outreach Strategy Committee Member of Fund raising Committee Member of 50th Anniversary Committee Member of Committee to consider the UNESCO Steps, Perfoweb and Tulip systems Member of Committee on MLAB Member of Committee to consider audit recommendation on central database and filing system for all legal, financial and logistical arrangements, agreements and commitments Member of SAC for the position of Advancement Officer Member of SAC for Astronomy for Development position
G. Villadoro Lectured on Quantum Electrodynamics for the Diploma Programme Organizer of the Summer School on Particle Physics Organizer of the School on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (Pre-SUSY) and the 21st International Conference on Superymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY2013) Supervisor to 2 PhD students
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 19 Organization of ICTP Colloquium Organization of Joint Phenomenology Journal Club Member of ICTP prize committee Member of ICTP committee on overheads Member of selection committee for new P3 HECAP staff member Referee for OEA Scientific Meetings Selection of Postdocs, Visitors and Associates for HECAP section. Invited talks: “To Split or Not To Split” - SNS Pisa, Apr. 4 “SUSY after LHC8” - U. of Firenze – Apr. 10 “SUSY after the 8 TeV run of the LHC” - DaMeSyFla group meeting, U. of Padova, Apr. 11-12 “SUSY after the LHC-8” - Probing the Standard Model and New Physics at Low and High Energies, Portoroz – Apr. 14-18 “To Split or Not To Split” - U. of Barcelona – May 2 “SUSY dopo il Run a 8 TeV di LHC” - VI Workshop Italiano sulla Fisica p-p a LHC, Genova – May 8-10 “To Split or Not To Split” - U. of Roma III - May 16 “Is Natural SUSY Expired?” - Beyond the Standard Model after the first run of the LHC, GGI Firenze, July 9-12 “SUSY and the Higgs” – “Why mH=126 GeV”, UAM Madrid - Sept 25- 27 “SUSY after LHC8” - Solvay Workshop on "Exploring Higher Energy Physics", Brussels – Nov. 4-6
G. Zaharijas Organizer of the Workshop on the Future of Dark Matter Astro- Particle Physics: Insights and Perspectives. Mentoring of a student from Mexico for a summer project on behalf of the Office of the Director.
Staff and Long-Term Visitors
Professional Staff Bobby Acharya, UK Paolo Creminelli, Italy Kumar S. Narain, India Goran Senjanovic, Croatia Ravi Sheth, USA Alexei Yu. Smirnov, Russian Federation George Thompson, Australia Giovanni Villadoro, Italy
20 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Consultants Postdoctoral Fellows Edi Gava, Italy Daniel Arean, Spain Xiaoyong Chu, China Visiting Scientists (2 months or more) Basudeb Dasgupta, India E. Akhmedov, Russian Federation Rajesh K. Gupta, India Stefano Anselmi, Italy Ehsan Hatefi, Iran Dimitar Bakalov, Bulgaria Daniel Hernandez Diaz, Cuba Razieh Emami Meibody, Iran Vid Irsic, Slovenia Cristine Ferreira Nunes, Brazil Diana Lopez Nacir, Argentina Elena Pierpaoli, Italy Daniele Musso, Italy Gor Sarkissian, Armenia Miha Nemevsek, Slovenia Emiliano Sefusatti, Italy Kate Shaw, UK Zhibin Zhang, China Gabrijela Zaharijas, Serbia
Funding Mathematica School in Theoretical Physics: Advanced Topics in Conformal Field Theory Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP) Summer School on Particle Physics Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Higgs and Beyond the Standard Model Physics at the LHC Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) New Light in Cosmology from the CMB - School and Workshop Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) From Majorana to LHC: Workshop on the Origin of Neutrino Mass Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Workshop on the Future of Dark Matter Astro-Particle Physics: Insights and Perspectives Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Workshop on Galaxy Bias: Non-linear, Non-local and Non-Gaussian Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Postdoctoral fellow: D. Musso Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 21 CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS (CMSP)
Permanent and Temporary Staff and Visitors in 2013 The permanent staff of the Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics (CMSP) Group consisted of 7 staff members (see Annex), the same as in 2012. The total number of postdoctoral fellows and long-term (> 3 months) visiting scientists in 2013 was 19 (20 in 2012). Of them, 11 were nationals of developing countries, and 8 (6 of them are from Italy) were nationals of developed countries (including 2 who were paid by the EC grants and a cost-free sabbatical visitor). The total number of months spent at ICTP by this category of scientists was 167 (158 in 2012), and the average (per 12 months) number of temporal research staff was 14 (13 in 2012). There are also 6 PhD students from Joint ICTP-SISSA PhD Programs supervised by CMSP Staff Members. The total number of visits to the CMSP Group in 2013 was 215 (232 in 2012) from 53 countries of the world (93, by scientists from developing countries, including 23 scientists from Africa, 26 from East Europe and 96 from developed countries, including 43 from Italy). In addition, 3 senior postdoctoral fellows, 2 staff associates and 5 consultants took an active part in the research and training activities.
Research Directions Traditionally, the scientific activities of the CMSP group follow four major directions: 1. Physics of Disordered and Strongly Correlated Electron Systems, including theoretical nanophysics, localization, quantum systems out of equilibrium, low-dimensional systems with interaction, strong electron correlations in new materials, disordered superconducting and superfluid systems, cold bosonic and fermionic atoms. This direction was represented by the activities of the staff members V.E. Kravtsov, M.N. Kiselev, M. Müller, A. Scardicchio; staff associates A. Nersesyan and V. Yudson, long-term visiting scientists M. Palassini and S. Pilati; consultants B.L. Altshuler, G. Santoro, A. Silva, E. Tosatti and a number of post-doctoral fellows (E. Fratini, J. Goold, Y. Iqbal, S. Mandal, T. Song, V. Varma, H. Xie). 2. Statistical Mechanics and Applications, including cooperative phenomena in complex adaptive systems, statistical mechanical description of complex networks and financial markets, application of statistical mechanics to computer science, optimization problems in genetics and biophysics, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and quantum computing. Within this direction a new initiative on Systems Biology has been recently launched with M. Marsili as the Coordinator. This direction was represented by the activities of the staff members M. Marsili (Coordinator), M. Müller and A. Scardicchio, consultant G. Mussardo, long-term visiting scientist M. Budinich and a number of postdoctoral fellows (M. Bahrami, M. Bardoscia, W. Clifford-Brown, A. Haimovici, G. Livan). 3. Electronic Structure and Condensed Matter Computer Simulations, including simulations of condensed matter at high pressures, new materials, ab-initio calculations of properties of nano- and bio-systems, catalysis and surface physics, and physics of friction and lubrication. Within this direction a new initiative on computational materials science for renewable energy applications has been recently launched with R. Gebauer as the project coordinator.
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This direction was represented by the activities of the staff members: R. Gebauer, S. Scandolo; consultants E. Tosatti, G. Santoro, long-term visitors N. Seriani and A. Hassanali and a number of postdoctoral fellows (Y. Crespo, O.E. Gonzalez Vazquez, L. Grisanti, M.T. Nguyen, A. Raji). 4. Quantum Theory of Friction and Related Phenomena. This direction was represented by the activities of E. Tosatti and G. Santoro and their collaborators, in particular scientists visiting ICTP (O. Braun, M. Urbakh).
Research Accomplishments Publications The research activities along the above directions resulted in 59 publications (51 in 2012) in the major peer-reviewed journals in 2013. They include 8 papers published in The Physical Review Letters; 20 papers in The Physical Review; 5 papers in Journal of Statistical Mechanics, 3 in Europhysics Letters, and one review paper in Review of Modern Physics. 36 papers written in 2013 are in press or submitted to be published.
Seminars The intensity and diversity of scientific life inside the group is illustrated by the number (80 in 2013) and the subjects of research seminars: seminars on Disorder and Strongly Correlated Systems (29 in 2013), Joint ICTP-SISSA seminar on Statistical Physics (28 seminars in 2013), Joint ICTP-SISSA Condensed Matter Colloquia and Condensed Matter seminars (7 in 2013). In addition, there were 13 informal seminars and special seminars and 3 Associates Seminars.
Invited Talks The members of the CMSP group gave 56 plenary or invited talks in major international meetings in 2013, highlighting the results of the group’s research.
Main Research Results The main results obtained in 2013 in the field of Physics of Disordered and Strongly Correlated Electron Systems are: 1. Counter-intuitive: Increase of superconducting/superfluid transition temperature by disorder or repulsive interaction. (A. Scardicchio, S. Pilati) Interplay of disorder and repulsive (Coulomb) interaction is known to suppress the superconductivity. Repulsive interactions are also known to lead to the superfluid-to-Mott insulator transition in a system of interacting bosons in a periodic (lattice) potential. In two separate and completely independent researches it was shown that the superconducting/superfluid transition temperature can be increased by disorder or by repulsive interactions. A. Scardicchio and co-workers undertook an inter-disciplinary research suggesting a solvable model of a holographic superconductivity of strongly correlated particles subject to a certain disorder. They have shown that, similar to the system of fermions with attractive interaction near the Anderson localization transition, the superconducting transition temperature increases with disorder. S. Pilati with co-workers has shown that, using exact continuous-space quantum Monte-Carlo method, going beyond the standard one-band approximation for bosons in a periodic potential leads to the sharp increase of the superfluid transition temperature just before the quantum phase transition to the Mott insulator phase as the strength of repulsive interaction increases. 2. Many-body localization without disorder. (M. Müller)
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Many-body localization (MBL), or localization in the Fock space of many-body states of non- interacting fermions or bosons, reflects itself in the vanishing conductance or in the incomplete thermalization of an isolated system of interacting particles at finite temperatures. By common wisdom it requires a discrete spectrum of local density of states, which is caused by disorder that Anderson-localizes single-particle states, while interaction tends to delocalize the many-body states. M. Müller and his coworkers have shown that disorder is not a necessary ingredient of the MBL. The ergodicity and translational invariance may break down spontaneously, driven entirely by quantum effects. 3. Non-ergodicity of extended states in hierarchical systems. (B.L. Altshuler, V.E. Kravtsov, A. Scardicchio) Anderson localization is a quantum transition from extended to localized in space states. In 3D systems extended states occupy all the available space and thus are ergodic. The localized states occupy only a finite set of sites and are maximally non-ergodic. The states at the transition point are extended (occupy infinite set of sites in the thermodynamic limit) but non- ergodic (the fraction of the occupied sites is zero). It was shown by the authors that on hierarchical lattices like Bethe lattice all the extended states are non-ergodic, multifractal. This observation is important for understanding the many-body localization, as the Fock space of Slatter determinants is hierarchical in character.
4. SU(3) Landau-Zener transitions. (M. Kiselev) M. Kiselev and co-workers propose a universal approach to the Landau-Zener problem in a three-level system. The problem is formulated in terms of Gell-Mann operators, which generate SU(3) algebra and map the Hamiltonian on the effective anisotropic pseudospin 1 model. The vector Bloch equation for the density matrix describing the temporal evolution of the three-level crossing problem is solved analytically for the case where the adiabatic states of the SU(3) Hamiltonian form a triangle. The model demonstrates oscillation patterns, which radically differ from the standard patterns for the two-level Landau-Zener problem. The triangle works as an interferometer and the interplay between two paths results in formation of "beats" and "steps" pattern in the time-dependent transition probability. 5. Energy flow affected by a non-potential force: giant enhancement of electron-phonon cooling by magnetic field. (V. Kravtsov ) The inefficiency of cooling of hot electrons by phonons at low temperatures causes overheating and thermal bi-stability of conductors and weak insulators under voltage bias. The authors have shown that the electron-phonon cooling rate in dirty metals and weak Anderson insulators can be greatly enhanced in a moderately strong magnetic field. The effect is due to the possibility for a phonon to excite a slow spin density diffusion mode, which is strongly retarded compared to the driving force caused by electron-phonon interaction.
The main results obtained in 2013 in the field of Statistical Mechanics and Applications are: 1. Power laws at work against financial fraud ( M. Marsili) M. Marsili and co-workers have analyzed a data set of the largest global firms. This revealed that, while the distribution of asset sizes follows a power law in most of the range, a cut-off has appeared in the last decade. This cutoff, that occurs on the scale of 2-3 trillion USD, is largely unexpected as models of proportional random growth that generate power law distributions are expected to work in the whole range. This deviation is related with the emergence of the shadow-banking sector and, in this way, the authors derived an indicator to predict its size that is in remarkably good agreement with the estimates of the Financial Stability Board.
2. Towards quantum satisfiability problem: K-AdSAT. (M. Bardoscia, A. Scardicchio) The authors studied a classical computational problem known as K-AdSAT, which has deep implications in the contest of the quantum satisfiability problem. The authors proved that for
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K = 2, the problem belongs to the complexity class P. For K = 3, the problem is investigated numerically, showing a sharp transition between a phase in which an instance of the problem is almost surely satisfiable and a phase in which it is almost surely unsatisfiable. An upper bound on the density of clauses at which the transition occurs was suggested which is much stricter than previous results. 3. Thermodynamics of non-abelian Chern-Simons particles: What is in common with bosons and fermions? (G. Mussardo) The thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas of non-Abelian Chern-Simons particles have been studied, in particular determining the second virial coefficient by means of general soft- core boundary conditions for the two-body wave function at zero distance. At the lower order of the virial expansion it was found that the relation between the internal energy and the pressure is the same as was found (exactly) for 2D Bose and Fermi ideal gases. This turns out to be a very general thermodynamic result, which can be traced back to the absence of any microscopic scale. The main results obtained in 2013 in the field of Electronic Structure and Computer Simulations are: 1. Water at extreme conditions. (S. Scandolo, A. Hassanali, O. Gonzalez-Vazquez) The self-dissociation of water plays a fundamental role in many natural and technological processes. It controls the acidity of a solution, the rate of aqueous reactions, and the conductivity of liquid water. At ambient conditions, water dissociation occurs through the reaction 2H2O <-> OH- + H3O+ and it is a rare event: a randomly chosen water molecule dissociates only once every 11 hours, corresponding to the well-known value of the logarithm of the dissociation constant pKw = -log10[OH-][H3O+] = 14. Experiments and computer simulations suggest that, as temperature and pressure are increased, self-dissociation occurs more frequently. At the conditions of pressure and temperature found in the water-rich planetary interiors of Uranus and Neptune, water is essentially a fully dissociated fluid corresponding to a change of more than a dozen orders of magnitude for the dissociation constant. How this limit is reached is not yet fully understood. S. Scandolo and co-workers have proposed a new method to calculate the dissociation constant of water. The method is based on the evaluation of the free-energy of dissociation using the coordination number of one of the oxygen atoms as reaction coordinate. The authors have verified that the method gives excellent results at ambient conditions (predicted pKw of about 13) and are now extending the method to extreme conditions. A. Hassanali and O. Gonzalez-Vazquez studied the ionization of water molecules and their subsequent recombination using both ab initio molecular dynamics simulations as well as classical empirical potentials developed in the group of S. Scandolo. Some of the preliminary results indicate that there are long-range hydrogen bond correlations that exist between the hydronium and hydroxide ions, which in turn facilitate the process of recombination.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 25
Final configuration of a simulation with 256 water molecules, showing the presence of the pair OH- and H3O+
2. A new Natural-Orbital-Functional Theory, OP-NOFT. (R. Gebauer) R. Gebauer and co-workers developed a new natural-orbital-functional theory, OP-NOFT, in which the basic variables are the NO’s and their occupation numbers, as in one-particle density matrix (1-DM) theories, plus their joint occupation probabilities (OP), which allow to represent the 2-DM accurately. In its simplest formulation it retains the scaling of Hartree- Fock (HF) energy-functional minimization, albeit with a higher prefactor. Yet it describes the dissociation of simple diatomic molecules and multi-atom chains with an accuracy comparable to that of DOCI, which uses a compact basis of Slater determinants (SD) but retains exponential scaling. OP-NOFT is powerful at high correlation, i.e. at intermediate and large interatomic separations where HF fails due to the multi-reference character of the ground- state wavefunction. There OP-NOFT outperforms HF, Density Functional Theory and quantum chemistry methods such as (single-reference) coupled cluster with single, double and perturbative triple electron-hole excitations.
3. Realistic materials for photocatalysis and design of lithium batteries. (R. Gebauer, N. Seriani, M.T. Nguyen, Y. Crespo, S. Mandal) In the field of photocatalysis, the focus is on materials that convert solar energy into chemical energy by splitting water and/or reducing carbon dioxide. A system composed of TiO_2 and Cu has been investigated. The effect of copper on the atomic structure and the electronic structure of titanium dioxide has been studied in the cases when copper is employed as a doping element, as small clusters and as nanometric particles at a titania surface. The atomic structure of this systems has been studied, as well as the relation between atomic and electronic structure. Finally, water adsorption and dissociation have been simulated on a nanometric copper particle supported on a titania surface. This gives insight into the role of Cu, in particular on the role of particle shape and its orientation with respect to the titania support, in water dissociation, which is the first step of the hydrocarbon production. Regarding lithium batteries, most of the research has involved the characterization of materials for the cathode of lithium-air batteries. The focus was on alpha-MnO_2 and on the interaction of lithium peroxide (Li_2 O_2) with the graphitic material, which constitutes most of the cathode. The characterization of alpha-MnO_2 as a catalyst for the reversible formation of Li_2 O_2 has been performed using the density functional theory and through the use of the spin lattice models able to describe the essential features of the magnetic behavior.
The main result obtained in 2013 in the field of Quantum Theory of Friction is:
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1. Scaling theory of friction (E. Tosatti) The finite size scaling laws are formulated and verified, capable of describing whether the infinite size system will exhibit stick-slip or smooth sliding. Vortices in a Charge Density Wave (CDW) as a source of nano-friction. (G. Santoro). G. Santoro and co-workers have shown that the physics behind the giant dissipation peaks observed when an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tip approaches the surface of Nb Se_2, a system known to possess a Charge Density Wave. The authors argued that the dissipation peaks are due to the generation of phase-vortices in the underlying surface CDW.
Vortex in a charge density wave probed by AFM tip.
External Funding The group staff members are involved in a number of international scientific projects/networks: • EU-FP7 Collaborative Project “ADGLASS” (S. Scandolo) • International Council for Science (ICSU) grant to support African scientists (S. Scandolo) • I2CAM program (M. Kiselev) • ISCRA (Italian SuperComputing Research Allocation) and PRACE Computational Grants (R. Gebauer, N. Seriani) • FOODCAST grant from SISSA NETADIS EU Initial Training Network (M. Marsili) • INET grant with University of Auckland and Bank of Canada on "Safe Assets and the Evolution of Financial Information" (M. Marsili)
Training Activities ICTP training activities The condensed matter related training activities in 2013 included 17 Schools and Conferences (14 in 2012), including 4 held in developing countries (see appended list). In all these, the members and consultants of the CMSP Group acted as directors or local organizers.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 27
Teaching at ICTP Seven staff members (R. Gebauer, V. Kravtsov, M. Kiselev, M. Marsili, M. Müller, S. Scandolo, A. Scardicchio), 3 consultants (G. Mussardo, G. Santoro, A. Silva), 1 Staff Associate (A. Nersesyan), 3 long-term visiting scientists (A. Hassanali, N. Seriani S. Pilati) and postdoctoral fellows (M. Bardoscia, E. Fratini, O. Gonzalez Vazquez, G. Livan, M.T. Nguyen) took part in teaching and tutoring in the ICTP Diploma Programme, the Joint ICTP-SISSA PhD Programme on Statistical Physics and the Programme for Master in Complex Systems.
Teaching and Lecturing in Africa, Asia and Latin America The CMSP section organized 4 Regional Schools in Singapore, Shanghai and Hanoi and took part in the teaching: ! School on “Modern Topics in Condensed Matter Physics” (Singapore-Singapore) – M. Müller ! Joint ICTP-NSFC School and Advanced Workshop on Modern Electronic Structure (Shanghai-People’s Republic of China) – R. Gebauer ! Joint ICTP-VAST-APCTP Regional School and Conference on Topological Phases and Quantum Computation (Hanoi-Vietnam) – A. Scardicchio, G. Mussardo. ! Winter School in Quantitative Systems Biology (Bangalore - India) - M. Marsili ! N. Seriani held lectures and hands-on sessions on first-principles simulation methods at the 1st Khartoum Workshop on Advances in Materials Science (KWAMS'13), in Khartoum (Sudan), 19th-26th January 2013 and at the Third LinkSCEEM General User Meeting at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Alexandria (Egypt), 25th-27th June 2013. ! M. Marsili taught series of lectures at School on Financial and Actuarial Mathematics: 29 April to 11 May 2013, Buea ( Cameroon). ! R. Gebauer gave an invited talk at the Meeting with senators of the Nigerian Senate, Abuja (Nigeria). Title: ICTP Initiative in Energy and Sustainability. February 11th, 2013;
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taught at "Kathmandu Summer School on ab initio Simulation of Solids", Kathmandu (Nepal), April 2013 and at "Joint ICTP-NSFC School and Advanced Workshop on Modern Electronic Structure Computations", Shanghai (China), July 2013.
Service outside ICTP R. Gebauer Member, Editorial Board, Solid State Communications, Elsevier
M. Kiselev Associate Editor, The African Review of Physics, Associate Editor of Nanomechanics
M. Marsili Organized the International Master's Program on the Physics of Complex Systems (SISSA, Politecnico di Torino)
S. Scandolo Member, Editorial Board, High Pressure Research, Taylor & Francis Member, Editorial Board, The African Review of Physics Member, Steering Committee, Psi-K European Network Vice-chair, IUPAP Commission on Physics and Development (C13) Reviewer for Nature, Phys. Rev. Lett., Phys Rev. B, J. Chem. Phys., etc External reviewer for PRACE (EU) and NRF (South Africa) Chair, Beamtime Review Committee, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) Member, Advisory Board, Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions (CSEC), Edinburgh, UK Member, Executive Board, African School Series on Electronic Structure Methods and Applications (ASESMA)
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 29
Scientific Staff and Visitors Professional Staff Long-Term Visiting Scientists R. Gebauer, Germany Senior Postdoctoral Fellows: M. Kiselev, Russian Federation A. Hassanali, Tanzania V.E. Kravtsov, Russian Federation S. Pilati, Italy M. Marsili, Italy N. Seriani, Italy M. Müller, Switzerland S. Scandolo, Italy Postdoctoral Fellows and Visiting Scientists A. Scardicchio, Italy M. Bahrami, Iran M. Bardoscia, Italy M. Budinich, Italy Staff Associates W.E. Clifford-Brown, UK A.A. Nersesyan, Georgia Y. Crespo Hernandez, Cuba V.I. Yudson, Russian Federation E. Fratini, Italy O.E. Gonzalez Vazquez, Cuba J. Goold, Ireland Consultants L. Grisanti, Italy B.L. Altshuler, USA A. Haimovici, Argentina G. Mussardo, Italy Y. Iqbal, India G. Santoro, Italy G. Livan, Italy A. Silva, Italy as of 1 July 2012 S. Mandal, India E. Tosatti, Italy M.T. Nguyen, Vietnam M. Palassini, Italy A. Raji, Nigeria T. Song, Korea V. Varma, India H. Xie, China
Summary of 2013 in numbers Publications in peer-review journals: 59 Invited talks (excluding seminars): 56 Schools, Workshops and Conferences organized: 17 Visits to the Group (excluding lecturers and participants of training activities): 215 Seminars: 80
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Funding ICTP funding in 2013 was: total of 565K Euro for the Condensed Matter (470K) and Statistical Physics (95K) activities (excluding special funding for Energy Research). External funding was 110K Euro.
Condensed Matter Related Activities 2013 smr2549 18 February - 21 February ADGLASS Winter School on Advanced Molecular Dynamics Simulations Organizer(s): L. Colombi Ciacchi (University of Bremen). Local organizer: S. Scandolo (ICTP) smr2449 25 March - 27 March 38th Conference of the Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics - MECO38 Organizer(s): A. Gambassi (SISSA), M. Marsili, M. Müller, and A. Scardicchio (ICTP). smr2451 8 April - 12 April Workshop on Interferometry and Interactions in Non-equilibrium Meso- and Nano-systems Organizer(s): Y. Gefen (Israel), S. Ludwig (Germany), C. Marcus (Denmark), F. von Oppen (Germany). Local Organizer: M. Kiselev smr2462 13 May - 17 May Workshop on Ultracold Atoms and Gauge Theories Organizer(s): J. Dalibard (ENS, Paris), M. Lewenstein (ICFO, Barcelona), G. Mussardo (SISSA, Trieste), C. Sa de Melo (Georgia Tech, Atlanta), A. Trombettoni (CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS & SISSA, Trieste). Local Organizer: M. Müller smr2461 20 May - 14 June Spring College on Physics of Complex Systems Organizer(s): S. Franz, E. Trizac, J.-B. Fournier, M. Ben Amar, A. Gambassi, G. Martinelli, M. Marsili, R. Zecchina, Al. Pelizzola. Local Organizer: M. Marsili smr2469 1 July - 5 July Workshop and Conference on Geometrical Aspects of Quantum States in Condensed Matter Organizer(s): Dam Thanh Son (USA), A. Ludwig (USA), P. Wiegmann (USA). Local Organizer: V.E. Kravtsov smr2475 6 August - 15 August Hands-on Workshop on Density Functional Theory and Beyond: Computational Materials Science for Real Materials Organizer(s): C. Baldauf (FHI, Berlin), V. Blum (FHI, Berlin), R. Gebauer (ICTP, Trieste), M. Scheffler (FHI, Berlin) smr2477 19 August - 23 August Advanced Workshop on Non-equilibrium Bosons: From Driven Condensates to Non-Linear Optics Organizer(s): B.L. Altshuler (USA), S. Flach (New Zealand), A. Imamoglu (Switzerland), A. Kavokin (UK), V. Yudson (Russia). Local Organizer: M. Kiselev smr2445 9 September - 13 September Frontiers of Nanomechanics Organizer(s): M. Blencowe (USA), J. von Delft (Germany), I. Favero (France), K. Lehnert (USA), F. Marquardt (Germany), E. Weig (Germany). Local Organizer: M. Kiselev smr2486 24 September - 26 September ICTP LEMSUPER Conference on Mechanisms and Developments in Light-Element Based and Other Novel Superconductors Organizer(s): P.B. Littlewood UK), K. Prassides (UK), Y. Iwasa (Japan), E. Tosatti (SISSA). Local
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Organizer: S. Scandolo smr2493 14 October - 18 October Conference on: Ultrafast Dynamics of Correlated Materials Organizer(s): M. Fabrizio, C. Giannetti, M. Marsi. Local Organizer: M. Müller smr2497 5 November - 8 November Conference on Friction and Energy Dissipation in Man-made and Biological Systems Organizer(s): E. Meyer (Switzerland), M. Urbakh (Israel), Local Organizer: E. Tosatti smr2498 11 November - 15 November Conference on Frontiers of Condensed Matter Physics Organizer(s): A. Fasolino (The Netherlands), M. Parrinello (Switzerland), G. Kotliar (USA), G. Santoro (SISSA), M. Capone (CNR). Local Organizer: S. Scandolo
HELD OUTSIDE TRIESTE smr2504 28 January - 8 February School on Modern Topics in Condensed Matter Physics (Singapore - Singapore) Organizer(s): A.H. Castro Neto, M.A. Cazalilla, L.C. Kwek, M. Müller, C. Panagopoulos, K.K. Phua smr2509 8 July - 12 July Joint ICTP-NSFC School and Advanced Workshop on Modern Electronic Structure Computations (Shanghai - People's Republic of China) Organizer(s): S. Baroni (SISSA), R. Gebauer (ICTP), Xin-Gao Gong (Fudan University), S. Piccinin (CNR); Local Organizers: X.G. Gong, H. Wu, H.J. Xiang smr2515 4 November - 8 November Regional Workshop on Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion (Cape Town - South Africa) Organizer(s): D. Egbe (Austria), M. Maaza (South Africa), R. Gebauer (ICTP), N. Seriani (ICTP). ICTP Local Organizer: R. Gebauer smr2518 9 December - 20 December Joint ICTP-VAST-APCTP Regional School and Conference on Theoretical Physics in Topological Phases and Quantum Computation (Hanoi - Viet Nam) Organizer(s): Tran Minh Tien (IOP, Hanoi), Ho Trung Dung (IOP-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City), G. Mussardo (SISSA, Trieste), A. Scardicchio (ICTP, Trieste) and P.B. Wiegmann (Chicago). Local Organizers: Nguyen Hong Quang (VAST, Hanoi) and Nguyen Ai Viet (IOP-VAST, Hanoi) .
32 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 MATHEMATICS
Introduction
Starting January 1, 2014 Fernando Rodriguez Villegas took over as head of the Mathematics Section after the former head Ramadas T. Ramakrishnan moved back to India. Villegas was part of ICTP delegations in various official trips: • Panama, Costa Rica: Fernando Rodriguez Villegas and Claudio Procesi (from the University La Sapienza of Rome) visited Panama and Costa Rica giving talks (in Spanish) entitled El Espíritu del Algebra and El álgebra y el mundo real respectively, to young students (including high-school students in the case of Costa Rica). Later in the trip, they participated in meetings with mathematicians to discuss a project for creating a regional Doctorate in Mathematics, in which ICTP has been involved. • Nigeria, South Africa: the ICTP delegation visited several institutions including the main headquarters of AIMS (African Institute for Mathematical Sciences) in Cape Town. • Argentina: Villegas with the Director visited the University of Buenos Aires and met the Minister of Science and Technology to discuss a possible regional branch of ICTP in Argentina. The discussions were positive and the initiative was given the OK. We are still waiting for Argentina to produce a draft of an accord. He also took part in the conversations with a delegation from Rwanda about the project to host a regional branch of ICTP there. The Math Section would participate in helping set up a one-year program of “Basic Mathematics” in Rwanda, similar to that of “Basic Physics” that took place at ICTP recently. The Section will seek to collaborate with SIDA on this project as they already have something in place in Rwanda. In the summer of 2013, two high-profile mathematicians visited the Section for a few weeks: Don Zagier and Sasha Beilinson. The primary goal of their visit was to explore the possibility that they could be associated to ICTP in some capacity on a regular basis. In the case of Don Zagier, the conversations continued and it is now clear that there will be some such arrangement with the complete details still to be hammered out. At the very least he will spend a few weeks a year at ICTP giving seminars, interacting with students, postdocs, visitors and staff, and, possibly, (co)- teaching a concentrated course at SISSA. Within the Section, we started a weekly reading seminar on Quivers with talks given by postdocs and staff of the Section; the seminar audience includes a sizable SISSA contingent. We also organized a few informal talks on the topic of Persistent Homology, which is the application of homological techniques to the analysis of big data. We also had several informal seminars, while Prof. Narasimhan was visiting last summer, on Deligne’s recent lectures at IHES on his works on counting l-adic sheaves. L. Göttsche gave a series of six lectures on his recent work with Schende and others on "Refined Curve Counting." Sergei Pilyugin (St. Petersburg State University, Russia) gave a series of six lectures on Shadowing in Dynamical Systems. The Math Section’s website has been thoroughly revised and updated. It now includes information on staff associates, scientific collaborators and graduate students as well as a blog with updates on the Section’s activities. We will soon install a touch-screen in the corridor in the Leonardo Building near the Section’s main office to replace the poster with photographs of its members now in place. The screen will allow access to the Section’s websites providing basic information on its current composition and activities..
Research Activities
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Staff Claudio Arezzo 1. Finding new functionals, defined on the space of metrics on a compact Riemannian manifold, whose critical points are exactly algebraic cycles, i.e., integral combinations of currents associated to holomorphic submanifolds. 2. Using a moment map construction, opposite to the classical one, to construct via symplectic quotients new solutions to special PDEs on the quotient induced from the covering space. This is dual to the classical picture, where one lifts (e.g., Gibbon-Hawking ansatz) solutions to the Ricci flat equation to a covering space. 3. Studying special solutions (“solitons”) to the mean curvature flow in arbitrary codimension, trying to generalize some deep results known for hypersurfaces.
Lothar Göttsche Göttsche has continued his work on refined curve counting on surfaces. In collaboration with Shende he has introduced refined invariants of surfaces using Hilbert schemes of points, defined refined Severi degrees, and gave a precise conjectural relationship between these. They also determined the refined invariants for abelian and K3 surfaces, partially determining their generating series for all surfaces. In collaboration with Block he gave a tropical interpretation to refined Severi degrees and used this to compute them in terms of an action of a Heisenberg algebra. Together with Schroeter he worked on a generalization of the refined Severi degrees, which also generalize the so-called broccoli curves (generalizations of tropical curves used in counting real algebraic curves satisfying both real and complex point conditions).
Stefano Luzzatto Geometric and statistical properties of nonuniformly hyperbolic systems: 1. A fairly major project was completed in collaboration with J.F. Alves (visitor), C. Dias, V, Pinheiro on geometric structures of partially hyperbolic systems. A preprint has been submitted to publication. 2. A joint paper with PhD student Marks Ruziboev is almost complete on decay of correlations for direct product dynamical systems. 3. Two joint papers with PhD students Khadim War and Sina Tureli are in progress on the existence of invariant foliations for partially hyperbolic systems. Prevalence of stochastic dynamics: A significant amount of work was carried out with A. Golmakani and P. Pilarczyk, both of whom visited ICTP, on some rigorous numerics for the estimation of the probability of stochastic dynamics in the quadratic family. Ramadas T. Ramadas has succeeded in formulating certain chiral quantum field Ramakrishnan theories in terms of rational functions (rather than formal power series). This leads to reformulations of the basic definitions and results of vertex algebras as well of conformal blocks and the connection described from different points of view by Knizhik-Zamoldchikov. Axelrod-Dellapietra-Witten, Hitchin and Tsuchiya-Ueno-Yamada. It is hoped that this will also yield a natural proof of the unitarity of this connection. All of the above should be thought of constructing certain natural objects
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on the complex projective line. There are extensions of many of the ideas to higher genus curves. Fernando Rodriguez Villegas continues to pursue two main themes: Villegas 1. Geometry of quiver and character varieties. This is a joint project with T. Hausel and E. Letellier and is an ongoing effort to use techniques of number theory, combinatorics and representation theory to uncover features of the geometry of these varieties. Particularly because of its close connection to the moduli space of Higgs bundles on a curve our work has implications to various research areas. For example, our conjectural description of the mixed Hodge polynomial of the character varieties has been reformulated in terms of wall-crossing formulae by the physicist Diaconescu at Rutgers and his collaborators; it was also refined by G. Laumon and P.-H. Chadouard of Orsay in terms of Arthur’s trace formula. 2. Hypergeometric Motives. This topic is also part of an ongoing research project involving several people (including the ICTP postdoc A. Mellit). The plan is to write up the main results of this project by the end of 2014 in a book with contributions by various combinations of the participants. It was the main subject of the school/workshop co- organized by Villegas at ICTP in June 2012 and will also figure prominently in an activity at ICTP in early September 2014. This latter activity is 2/3 funded by an EPSRC grant based at Warwick and Bristol, whose main goal is to contribute to the L-functions and Modular Forms database.
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Consultants G. Bellettini Bellettini works on aspects of geometric partial differential equations. In particular, his research is focused on mean curvature flow of hypersurfaces, anisotropic mean curvature flow, ill-posed parabolic differential equations, and their approximation. His most recent work concerns the area of the graph of a map from the plane to the plane with a line discontinuity and similar problems.
Staff Associates Lassina Dembélé Lassina works on aspects of computational number theory, specifically, on computational aspects of modular forms. Mod p Langlands correspondence for GL2. The mod p Langlands correspondence for GL2 is a vast generalisation of the (classical) Serre conjecture to the framework of the Langlands Programme. He has a joint project, with Fred Diamond and David Roberts, which aims to provide explicit examples and numerical evidence for this correspondence for GL2 over totally real number fields. Higher rank algebraic automorphic forms. He is currently working on developing algorithms for higher rank automorphic forms on algebraic groups that are compact at infinity. These algorithms will be useful in testing many conjectures that arise from the Langlands Programme. Maria José Pacifico Pacifico works in the general area of Dynamical systems. She is currently interested in the theory of expansive homeomorphisms and in giving rigorous approximations to certain invariants that have been thoroughly studied from a theoretical point of view but not so much numerically. In particular, she is pursuing rigorous approximations for the invariant measures of the Lorenz attractor.
Shiing-Shen Chern Senior Postdoctoral Fellow Chen, Qingtao Chen’s interests fall into two main areas. The first area concerns mathematics related to supersymmetric quantum field theories, concretely, elliptic genera, K-theory and Atiyah-Singer index theory. The second area concerns mathematics related to topological quantum field theories and its applications to quantum group invariants of knots and links. His recent paper Recursion formulas for HOMFLY and Kauffman invariants joint with his thesis advisor N. Reshekethin is already generating significant interest in the field.
Postdoctoral fellows Tarig Mahgoub Hassan Abdelgadir Abgelgadir’s research is in the areas of algebraic geometry and representation theory. He uses the language of homological algebra to express interactions between these two branches of mathematics via quiver representations and their moduli. His current ongoing projects are one on the McKay correspondence and the other is on an attempt to understand ‘noncommutative’ cubic surfaces via quivers.
Xin Li Xin Li has begun a collaboration with Luzzatto on the construction of Markov partitions for non- uniformly hyperbolic systems. As an initial step of this project she has been reading several background texts on non-uniform hyperbolicity and in particular a recent research paper by O. Sarig. She has also given several presentations on these readings to the other Dynamical Systems students.
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Anton Mellit Mellit has broad interests in Mathematics. His main interest is the explicit theory of motives. In particular, he studies explicit constructions of motives such as hypergeometric motives, motives coming from Laurent polynomials and motives related to mirror symmetry. One of the goals is to be able to compute all realizations of a motive, so that one can construct its L-function and check the expected functional equation. He is a good speaker and in 2013 he gave, at the request of the section’s head, two survey talks: one on Persistent Homology and the other on Horn’s problem.
Al-hassem Nayam Nayam’s research interests are in shape optimization problems, Modica-Mortola and Mumford-Shah functionals. In shape optimization one deals with shapes of higher co-dimensions namely zero and one-dimensional subsets of an open bounded set in Euclidean space. More precisely, he studies the asymptotic behavior of various shapes and some related constants. The Modica-Mortola functional arises in several models of phase transition in material science. The aim is to perform higher order expansions and provide a variational counterpart of some dynamical results. Lastly, he has worked on the celebrated Mumford-Shah functional with the goal of proving that the regular tripod is a local minimizer.
Suhas Jaykumar Pandit Pandit works on geometric group theory; in particular, he studies the automorphism group of the free group in n generators as well as the group of its outer automorphisms. Following a current approach to study these groups, he has found several different geometric incarnations as automorphisms of simplicial complexes.
Maxim Smirnov Smirnov’s interests are in algebraic geometry and mathematical physics. In particular, Gromov- Witten theory, quantum cohomology, derived categories and mirror symmetry. His research is concentrated around the so-called Dubrovin’s conjecture that relates the properties of the quantum cohomology and the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves for a smooth projective variety. During the past year at ICTP, he has been mostly working on extending the definition of the quantum product to the derived category level. The aim is to bring both sides of Dubrovin’s conjecture onto the same footing.
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Long-term visitors Sudarshan Gurjar Gurjar’s research concerns vector bundles. During his stay at ICTP he proved that a semistable (resp. stable) principal bundle with a reductive structure group when restricted to a sufficiently general, high multi-degree, complete-intersection curve remains semistable (resp. stable). This generalizes the analogues result on vector bundles by V. Mehta and A. Ramanathan. He worked on a couple of questions on Higgs bundles with Prof. Ugo Bruzzo obtaining some partial results.
Riccardo Lena Lena completed his PhD at SISSA supervised by C. Arezzo. He stayed on as a visitor at ICTP during which he wrote two papers extracted from his thesis. In the first one, to be written in collaboration with C. Arezzo and L. Mazzieri (SNS), they prove an existence theorems for Kaehler metrics of constant scalar curvature on resolution of orbifolds with isolated quotient singularities. This generalizes the known analysis for smooth blow ups. A new algebraic obstruction arises in this case, and many new examples are constructed. The second one, to be written alone, solves the same problem for the more general extremal case. In this case the obstruction relaxes.
Ayesha Asloob Qureshi Qureshi’s research is in combinatorial commutative algebra. In a joint paper with V. Ene and A. Rauf they investigate questions concerning regularity of the so-called Hibi ring associated to a distributive lattice; they characterize the distributive lattices for which associated Hibi ring has a linear resolution. In a joint paper with Jürgen Herzog and Takayuki Hibi they study the polarization on Koszul cycles whose homology classes form a basis of the Koszul homology of a monomial ideal I, as an application they studied the depth function of the powers of edge ideals of whisker graphs. In a further joint paper with Takayuki Hibi and Akihiro Shikama they investigated Koszul filtrations for second squarefree Veronese subring in n variables that is the edge ring of the complete graph with n vertices. They prove that every second squarefree Veronese subring possesses a Koszul filtration.
Martin Siewe Siewe Siewe-Siewe works on non-Linear Science with applications to physics, biology, civil engineering, Electro-Mechanics Systems. He submitted three papers while visiting ICTP (one has since been accepted).
El Hadji Yaya Tall Tall was a student in the ICTP Diploma in 2012. On his way to join the PhD program in IMPA he was a visitor at ICTP for a few months. He worked on extending his diploma thesis and completing a reading of Bowen’s construction of Markov partitions for uniformly hyperbolic systems as a way of strengthening his foundations before starting his PhD studies in March.
Stefano Vidussi Vidussi is a well-established researcher who works in low dimensional topology. The problems he is interested in arise from the study of the connections between three-dimensional topology and symplectic topology of certain families of four-manifolds. Vidussi was visiting ICTP while on sabbatical leave from the University of California at Riverside.
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Training Activities 1. Advanced School and Workshop in Real and Complex Dynamics ICTP-ESF School and Workshop in Dynamical Systems (20 - 31 May) Organizers: M. Lyubich, J. Smillie, S. Van Strien Local Organizer: S. Luzzatto
2. 5th Women in Mathematics Summer School on Mathematical Theories towards Environmental Models (27 May - 1 June) Organizers: L. Fajstrup, S. Hittmeyer, R.A. Khanum, E. Mezzetti, M-F Ouedraogo, M-F Roy, S. Terracini Local Organizer: L. Göttsche
3. ICTP-SISSA-Moscow School on Geometry and Dynamics (3-14 June) Organizers: A. Agrachev, A. Bufetov, V. Timorin Local Organizer: S. Luzzatto
4. Advanced School and Workshop on Matrix Geometries and Applications (1 - 12 July) Organizers: R. Bhatia, P. Semrl Local Organizer F. Rodriguez Villegas
5. School and Workshop on "Geometric Measure Theory and Optimal Transport" (15 July - 2 August) Organizers: L. Ambrosio, T. Colding, C. De Lellis Local Organizer: C. Arezzo
6. Advanced School and Workshop on Random Matrices and Growth Models (2 - 13 September) Organizers: T. Grava, B. Schlein, A. Soshnikov Local Organizer: R. Ramakrishnan
7. School and Workshop on Geometric correspondences of Gauge Theories (9 - 13 September) Organizers: A. Belavin, G. Bonelli, L. Göttsche, K. Narain, A. Tanzini, G. Thompson
8. CIMPA-ICTP Research School "Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields" (22 July - 2 August) (External School in Manila - Philippines) ICTP Local Organizer: R. Ramakrishnan
9. CIMPA-ICTP Research School on "Numerical Methods in Fluid Mechanics, Mathematical Epidemiology and Reaction- diffusion Systems" (2 - 13 September) (External School in Saint-Louis, Senegal) ICTP Local Organizer: R. Ramakrishnan
Participation in International Programmes C. Arezzo Co-organizer of the following international conferences/schools/events: Conference on “Complex Analysis and Geometry - XXI”, Levico Terme (Trento), Italy, 2 - 7 June 2013 (http://www.science.unitn.it/cirm/ComplexGeometry2013.html) Workshop “Extremal Kähler Metrics”, CRM Montreal, 27 May - 1 June, 2013 (http://www.crm.umontreal.ca/2013/Metrics13/index_e.php) ICTP School and Workshop on "Geometric Measure Theory and Optimal Transport" (15 July - 2 August) Mediterranean Youth Mathematical Championship, Roma, 18-19 July 2013
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Invited talks: Cambridge Algebraic Geometry seminar (15 May 2013) University of Cagliari (September 2013) CIRM, Trento (10 October 2013) G. Bellettini Invited talks: Levico Terme (Italy) Oberwolfach (Germany) Madrid (Spain)
Chen Qingtao Talks: “Generalized Witten genus and stringc structure”, Workshop on Mathematics of String theory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (30 June - 2 July 2013) “Orthogonal quantum invariants of links and its infinite product structure”, Fourth Conference of Tsinghua Sanya International Mathematics Forum, Sanya, China (18 - 22 December 2013)
L. Démbelé Invited talks: August 25-30, 2013, Effective methods for Darmon points, Centro de Ciencias Pedro Pascual in Benasque, Spain. July 22-26, 2013, Sage Days: Algorithms in Arithmetic Geometry, Lorentz Institute, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands. May 20, 2013, Colloquium talk, Durham University, Durham, UK. May 6-10, 2013, Algorithms for lattices and algebraic automorphic forms, AIM, Palo Alto, CA, USA. April 22-26, 2013, Caculs effectifs en th eorie! de Hodge p-adique, CIRM Luminy, Marseille, France. April 9, 2013, Sheffiel Number Theory Seminar, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. March 18-22, 2013, Explicit Methods for Modular Forms, Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
L. Göttsche Conferences organized: Workshop on Geometric Correspondences of Gauge Theories, ICTP, 9 September - 13 September, 2013 Organizers: A. Belavin, G., L. Göttsche, K. Narain, A. Tanzini, G. Thompson, Local Organizer of ICTP "5th Women in Mathematics Summer School on Mathematical Theories towards Environmental Models (27 May - 1 June) Invited talks: Invited lecturer: Mini-course (12 hours): Hilbert schemes of points, and enumerative geometry of curves, at IMPA, Rio de Janeiro, 13 - 26 January 2013 Algebraic, Analytic, and Tropical Geometry, Ein Gedi, Israel, 28 April -
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3 May 2013 Hilbert schemes, sheaves and representations. 2013 meeting of the Vector Bundles on Algebraic Curves Group, SISSA, Trieste, 17 - 21 June 2013 ERC Research Meeting Donaldson Thomas Theory and related topics, Pavia, 25 - 27 June 2013 Moduli, Operads, and Dynamics, Kongsberg, Norway 9 - 12 July 2013 Graduate School: New aspects on Singularity Theory. ICMAT, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid (Spain). 16-27 September 2013. Invited lecturer for mini-course (8 hours): Hilbert schemes and enumerative geometry of curves.
S. Luzzatto Conferences organized: Advanced School in Real and Complex Dynamics, ICTP, 20 - 31 May ICTP-SISSA-Moscow School in Geometry and Dynamics, ICTP, 3 - 14 June Invited talks Conference on Complex Geometry, Dynamical Systems and Number Theory. Cuernavaca, Mexico. January 2013 Conference on Hyperbolic Dynamics, Large Deviations and Fluctuations, Lausanne, March 2013 Conference on Ergodic Theory, University of Chapel Hill, NC, USA. March 2013
M.J. Pacifico Conferences: Second Palis-Balzan Symposium on Dynamical Systems, IHP- Paris, France, June 2013 International Conference on Dynamics, Bifurcations and Strange Attractors, Nizny Novigorod, Russia, July 2013 XIII Escuela em Sistemas Dinâmicos, Universidade do Norte, Regional Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, July 2013 Geometric and Dynamics, Cuernavaca, Mexico, July 2013 Mathematical Congress of the Americas, Guanajuato, Mexico, August 2013 Primeiro Evento de Pós Graduação da UFBA, Salvador, Brazil, September 2013 Beyond Uniform Hyperbolicity, Bedlewo, Poland, June 2013 Talks: Flows with equilibria attached to regular orbits, UFBA Beyond Expansiveness, Second Palis-Balzan Symposium on Dynamical Systems, Beyond Flows with equilibria attached to regular orbits, International Conference on Dynamics, Bifurcations and Strange Attractors Flows with equilibria attached to regular orbits, XIII Escuela em Sistemas Dinâmicos
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Flujos con equilibrios atachados las órbitas regulares, Geometric and Dynamics
R.T. Ramakrishnan Gave a Lecture course at the Mathematical Science Centre of Tsinghua University, P.R. China.
Invited talks Workshop at the MSC in honour of Prof. Looijenga on October 12, 2013
F. Rodriguez Conferences organized: Villegas Clay Mathematics Institute. Workshop "Number Theory and Physics" October, 2013 Advanced School and Workshop on Matrix Geometries and Applications ICTP, July 2013 - Local Organizer Invited talks: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, February 2013 Workshop on DT invariants, Univ. Paris VI, June 2013 Explicit methods in Number Theory, Oberwolfach, Germany July 2013 Mathematics Conference of the Americas, Guanajuato, Mexico, Aug 2013 Hamiltonian PDEs, Frobenius Manifolds and Deligne Mumford Moduli Spaces. SISSA workshop, Trieste. Clay Mathematics Institute Conference, Oxford. Number Theory Seminar, ETH, Zürich
Services Within ICTP C. Arezzo Until July 2013, served as Chairman of the Faculty Meeting. Various meeting with middle/high schools of Trieste area visiting ICTP. Trieste Researcher’s Night, 27 September 2013. Students supervised: Ph. D. students: Riccardo Lena (SISSA), discussed his PhD Thesis on 8 December 2013. Got the degree with Laude. Supervision of post-docs: Della Vedova A. worked under his direction up to 15 September at the Universita’ di Parma under a Marie Curie Agreement (see below). Sun J. worked under his direction up to 15 December at CIRM (Trento). Other visitors: Ernani De Sousa Ribeiro Junior Xiaoli Han Evgeny Malkovich Lorenzo Mazzieri
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Reza Mirzaei Harish Seshadri Stefano Vidussi
G. Bellettini Teaching: Functional Analysis and Partial Differential Equations, ICTP. Students supervised: Diploma students Batzorigh, U. and Ngartelbaye, G. Supervision of post-docs: Nayam, Al-hassem
Chen Qingtao Teaching: One PhD course at SISSA: Characteristic Classes
L. Göttsche Teaching: Algebraic Topology, Diploma Course (second semester) joint with Villegas Algebraic Geometry, Diploma Course (second semester) Abstract Algebra, Diploma Course (first semester)
A series of 6 lectures: "Refined curve counting" at ICTP
Students supervised: Diploma students Rizal Afgani and Carlos Vivares Parra
Supervision of post-docs: Maxim Smirnov Tarig Abdelgadir
Coordinator of the Diploma programme in Mathematics Chairman on the Ramanujan Prize committee Member of the Faculty Board
S. Luzzatto Teaching: MTH-ODE II Diploma Course, February 2013 MTH-ERG Diploma Course, April 2013 MTH-ODE I Diploma Course, November 2013
Students supervised:
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Ph. D. students Marks Ruziboev (ICTP-SISSA), Khadim Mbacke War (ICTP-SISSA), Sina Tureli (SISSA) Diploma students: Rachidi Bolaji Salako, El Hadji Yaya Tall, Abdoulaye Thiam, Shohruh Kholmatov.
Supervision of post-docs: Li Xin
Other visitors: Warwick Tucker (Uppsala) April 2013 Ali Golmakani (Rio de Janeiro) May-August 2013 José F, Alves (Porto) June-July 2013 Elio Mazzeo (Toronto) June 2013 Pawel Pilarczyk (Porto) June & August 2013 Sergei Pilyugin (St Petersburg) September 2013 David Burguet (Paris) October 2013
Contracts Committee Talk for High School students at ICTP, May 2013
R.T. Ramakrishnan Oversight of the Associates Office at ICTP. Organizer of the Mathematics Seminar at ICTP. Participated in an SAC. Library Committee.
F. Rodriguez Teaching: Villegas Algebraic Topology (joint with Göttsche) at Postgraduate Diploma Programme Quiver and Character Varieties - graduate course at SISSA
Students supervised: Diploma students: Tran Manh Hung and Fantahung Bogale Meaza
Supervision of post-docs: A. Mellit M. Smirnov
Other visitors: A. Beilinson
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T. Chinburg T. Hausel D. Roberts M. Watkins D.B. Zagier
HPC SISSA-ICTP Committee: Part of ICTP delegations to: South Africa, Nigeria, Argentina, Costa Rica, Panama, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi Committee to evaluate Publications Office at ICTP Committee to consider the switch from Agenda to Indico Outside ICTP G. Bellettini Students supervised: Ph. D. students Amato, S. (SISSA), Tealdi, L. (SISSA) Other students: Palandra, L. (Rome II); Piergentili, F. (Rome II); Marra, M. (Rome II); Capotorto, G. (Rome II)
Teaching: Analysis I, Rome II Variational Models depending on curvatures in image segmentation, SISSA
L. Göttsche Editor of Geometry and Topology. Editor of Rendiconti dell’Istituto di Matematica dell’Università di Trieste. Member of the scientific advisory Board of the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn, Germany. Member of the Programme Committee of ICMS, Edinburgh, UK. Member of the Board, ICMS, Edinburgh, UK.
S. Luzzatto PhD Examination Panel, University of Porto. Li Xin. October 2013 Laurea Magistralis Admission Committee, SISSA Editorial Board, Journal of Dynamics and Control Theory. Springer. Editorial Board, Rendiconti del Dipartimento di Matematica Trieste.
R.T. Ramakrishnan Member, Editorial Board, Mathematical Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences.
Member, Editorial Board, Rendiconti dell’Istituto di Matematica dell’Università di Trieste. Member, Committee on Developing Countries of the European
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Mathematical Society. Member, Advisory Board, Pan-African Centre for Mathematics. Adjunct Faculty, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
Seminars Fifty-one Mathematics seminars were organized during the year.
Staff and Long Term Visitors Professional Staff Consultant R.T. Ramakrishnan, India G. Bellettini, Italy C. Arezzo, Italy L. Göttsche, Germany Staff Associates S. Luzzatto, Italy M.J. Pacifico, Brazil/Italy F. Rodriguez Villegas, Argentina/USA L. Dembélé, Ivory Coast
Senior Postdoctoral Fellow Long-term Visiting Scientists Chen Qingtao, China S. Gurjar, India R. Lena, Italy Postdoctoral Fellows A.A. Qureshi, Pakistan T.M.H. Abdelgadir, Sudan M. Siewe Siewe, Cameroon X. Li, China E.H. Y. Tall, Senegal A. Mellit, Ukraine S. Vidussi, Italy A. Nayam, Chad S.J. Pandit, India
Additionally, there were 90 short-term visitors. The total number of research visitors during 2013, including ICTP Associates and Affiliates, was 106, of whom 67 were from developing countries, and 21 were women. The number of Associates was 28.
Funding C. Arezzo's external research grants: 1) Marie Curie PIOF-GA-2009-255579-CAMEGEST “Extremal Kaehler Metrics and Geometric Stability”, [Postdoctoral fellowship for Dr A. Della Vedova, joint Parma-Princeton Program, C. Arezzo scientific supervisor] Started September 2010, 3 years-project, total amount ! 228,804.70. This Grant expired on 15 September 15 2013. 2) FIRB 2008, "Future in Research" Project of the Italian Government: “Geometria Differenziale Complessa e Dinamica Olomorfa”, Started in the Fall 2010, 4 years project, total amount ! 190,800.00. This Grant is still active and will expire in December 2014.
S. Luzzatto, scientific coordinator for Brazilian-European Partnership in Dynamical Systems (BREUDS) within the framework of the International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES)
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within the FP7 People Programme. The visits of Ali Golmakani and Pablo Guarino were supported with this grant.
F. Rodriguez Villegas holds an NSF grant: 1101484, "Character and Quiver Varieties" DMS, Algebra, Number Theory and Combinatorics, University of Texas at Austin. This grant was used to fund a number of visitors at ICTP. Clay Mathematics Institute Research Fellowship.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 47 EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS (ESP)
Introduction The ESP section conducts research and organizes educational and outreach activities in both solid and fluid Earth physics (atmosphere and ocean). Specifically, multiple research lines are conducted in the section, each lead by scientific staff members in collaboration with others. The current primary ESP research lines are: Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC), Natural Climate Variability and Predictability (NCVP), Climate Impacts (CI), Aerosols, Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AACC), Oceanography (OCE) and Mechanics of Earthquakes and Tectonophysics (MET). The ESP section currently includes 6 P-staff members, one PA contract (P2 level) and additional 15-20 members on term contracts (post-doctoral fellows and long term scientific visitors). No new staff positions were opened in 2013, however a part-time consulting contract was activated with C. Solidoro from OGS to add expertise on marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem modeling previously missing in the section. ESP relies heavily on external funding (see below), which currently provides more than half of the general expenditure budget of the section and covers most of the section’s long-term visitors and post-docs. A G5 position filled by S. Henningsen provides administrative support to the section for external grants. The ESP research lines can be briefly described as follows: • The ACC research line aims at improving the understanding of anthropogenic climate change. Within this area, the section investigates the global and regional climate response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and the effects of land use modifications. These issues are addressed with a range of modeling tools, the central one being the regional climate modeling system RegCM, which has been developed for over a decade and is maintained for community use. The ESP section also coordinates the Regional Climate Research NETwork, or RegCNET, a network of scientists mostly from developing countries involved in regional climate research, which includes more than 900 participants. • The NCVP research line focuses on fundamental research on natural climate variability and predictability at temporal scales from intra-seasonal/seasonal to multi-year/multi-decadal. Particular attention is devoted to tropical variability processes, such as the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the monsoon systems, and how they interact with extratropical variability and flow regimes (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation, or NAO). To study climate variability and predictability, the section utilizes a range of modeling and observational tools and products (e.g., the SPEEDY intermediate complexity model and ECHAM5 global climate model). • The CI research line investigates the effects of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on human activities and natural ecosystems. In particular, currently the focus is on human health, agricultural productivity, water resources and forest response. The issue of climate impacts is addressed via the use of different impact models: the hydrological model CHYM, the crop model GLAM, the malaria model VECTRI and the forest model FOREST-SAGE. These impact models take as input climate information and can be used for wide variety of applications and regional settings, from studies of disease outbursts to the investigation of the agricultural effects of long-term climate change and land use change. They are also made available for use by the outside scientific community. • The AACC research line investigates the interactions between atmospheric aerosols, air quality and climate, including aerosols and pollutants of both anthropogenic and natural sources. This is accomplished through the development and use of coupled climate/aerosol/chemistry models, with particular emphasis on the regional scale. This research line also aims at a better understanding of the Earth’s bio-geochemical cycles and how they are affected by and influence global and regional environmental changes. • The OCE research line is devoted to understanding the dynamics of climate variability and
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change on interannual, decadal and centennial time scales, with a special interest in the role played by the ocean in shaping the earth’s climate, in present and future climate conditions. Research focuses on both natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change, most of which is done in close collaboration with NCVP activities. OCE is devoted to both global and regional aspects of ocean and climate dynamics, as well as fundamental and state-of-the-art numerical modeling. To carry out this research, a combination of theory and models is used, from ocean-only to coupled, of different complexity. • The MET research line investigates the way earthquake faults develop in time and how the Earth Interior deforms, with emphasis on the physics of crust-upper mantle interactions. It relies on geophysical methods blending space geodesy, seismology and tectonics, tied through realistic physical numerical modeling. This contributes to the physical understanding of the length and time scales of earthquakes and to a more realistic simulation of earthquake hazards. In addition, a new research line devoted to the understanding of volcanic processes has been recently initiated. It is envisioned that the MET research line will enhance collaboration with the fluid Earth lines, for example in studying the mutual relationships between climate and tectonics through changes in glacier mass and the effects of global change on natural hazards.
Research Activities
A. Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC)
A.1 Regional climate modeling (Giorgi, Coppola, Solmon, Sylla, Elguindi, Diro, Mariotti, Turuncoglu + visitors) Development of the ESP regional climate modeling system, now at version RegCM4, continued in 2013. Specifically, the model was augmented in its description of convective cloudiness and planetary boundary layer, coupling was initiated with the advanced land surface module CLM4.5 and the regional ocean model MIT-OGCM, and implementation took place of a new detailed cloud microphysics scheme (by the PhD student Rita Nogherotto). The base of model users, organized through the ICTP-coordinated Regional Climate Research NETwork (RegCNET), continued to grow and to use the model for a wide range of applications. The model was used within the context of several European and other international projects (ACQWA, QWECI, HEALTHY FUTURES, PAPRIKA, CASPIAN, SOCOCA, CLIMRUN, ATOPICA, NextDATA, CORDEX). Work also continued on the development of a new non-hydrostatic dynamical core based on a semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit, discontinuous Galerkin scheme, in particular towards its extension to a three dimensional grid. This new dynamical core will constitute the basis for the development of the next generation model version, RegCM5, expected to be completed in 2016. The RegCM system is incrementally evolving towards a fully coupled regional Earth system modeling framework.
A.2 Applications, in particular to the International CORDEX project (Giorgi, Coppola, Mariotti, Diro, Fuentes-Franco, Torma, Diallo + visitors) Work has continued in 2013 on the analysis of the ensemble of the scenario simulations completed within the framework of the international project CORDEX (COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment). CORDEX is aimed at producing a new generation of scenarios using regional climate models and statistical downscaling techniques. An unprecedented ensemble of 33 climate scenario simulations (1970-2100) were completed with RegCM4 over 5 CORDEX domains (Africa, Mediterranean, South America, Central America and South Asia) using different model configurations, greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5) and driving GCMs. These simulations compose the so-called Phase I RegCM CORDEX hyper-Matrix (CREMA) experiment and students and postdoctoral fellows from institutions in Brazil, India, Ethiopia, Mexico and Hungary. Much of the 2013 activities within the ACC research line were devoted to the analysis of these runs and to the completion of a series of papers, which constitute a Special Issue of the international journal Climatic Change.
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Figures A1)-A2) provide two examples of results obtained as part of the CREMA experiment. Figure A1 shows Hovmoller diagrams (time-latitude sections) of the precipitation change _2070-2099 minus 1976-2005) in the RegCM4 and GCM ensembles of simulations over the Africa CORDEX domain, showing decreases of precipitation in the onset and receding phases of the monsoon over the equatorial regions. This suggests a lengthening of the dry season and shortening and intensifications of the wet seasons over central equatorial Africa, a new result compared to previous studies.
A B
Figure A1. Hovmöller diagram of the precipitation change (2070-2099 minus 1976-2005; colour shading) over sub-Saharan Africa, land only, in % of present day values. The left column shows the RegCM4 simulations while the right column is for the GCMs. The blue contour lines represent the mean precipitation (in mm/day) for the present day period (1976-2005). The red lines indicate the latitude boundary for Sahel (West and East Sahel), Equatorial and Southern Africa regions (from Mariotti et al. 2013).
Figure A2 shows Tropical Cyclone (TC) tracks simulated by the RegCM4 driven by the MPI global climate model in present day and future climate conditions (from Diro et al. 2013). This study showed that the RegCM4 model can reproduce realistic TC statistics over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Western Equatorial Atlantic basins. It also showed that in future conditions, over the Atlantic basins the total number of TCs decreases and TC tracks are moved to the north compared to present day conditions, while the TC tracks increase in the Pacific. These results gave extremely encouraging indications on the use of RegCM4 for TC studies in different basins.
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Figure A2. Present day (1982-2003, left panel) and future (2077-2098, right panel) tropical cyclone tracks as simulated by the RegCM4 driven by the MPI global model over the Central America CORDEX domain (from Diro et al. 2013).
The model was also applied for regional climate studies by various students in other domains, such as the Caspian Sea region (Turuncoglu), Southern Africa (I. Diallo), and tropical band mode (M. Zaroug). For example the STEP student Diallo ran the RegCM4 coupled to a distributed one- dimensional lake model over the lake Malawi region, this being the first coupled climate-lake model run for this basin. Figure A3 compares observed (Arclake) and simulated lake surface temperature over lake Malawi in a multi-decadal present climate simulation, sowing a remarkable performance by the coupled model system.
Figure A3. Comparison of observed (Arclake) and simulated surface lake temperature for Lake Malawi for the October-November-December and January-February-March seasons.
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B. Natural Climate Variability and Predictability (NCVP)
B.1 Interannual to decadal variability of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system (Kucharski, Farneti, Molteni, Kang+ visitors) In 2013, the development of an ICTP Earth System model for targeted use in developing countries has continued. In particular the model developed in the previous years (the atmospheric model ICTPAGCM coupled to the NEMO/OPA ocean model with the OASIS3 coupler), was further augmented to include a dynamic sea ice component many century-long simulations have been performed in order to verify the model performance in reproducing climate mean state and variability. Figure B1 shows how the model reproduces the northern hemispheric sea ice climatology. The model is currently being used by to investigate causes of the latest ‘Climate Shift that occurred at the end of the 20th Century and had world-wide consequences. One result of this research is the hypothesis that the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) has been an important contributor to the alteration of the tropical Pacific mean state and ENSO variability (No et al., submitted).
Figure B1. December to March sea ice concentration (in %) climatology from observations (bottom) and the ICTP Earth System Model (SPEEDY-NEMO).
Work on the influence of the tropical Atlantic on the tropical Pacific interannual variability has continued. Using the observational data and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
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Coupled model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) dataset, it was shown that the ‘Atlantic Nino’ has modified Pacific ENSO variability in the 20th Century (Kucharski et al., submitted). Also, multi-decadal variations of the tropical Atlantic-Pacific connection have been analyzed (Martin-Rey et al., submitted, Polo et al., submitted). East African monsoon variability, predictability and its relation with the Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO have been addressed in the PhD work of a STEP student (Bahaga et al., in press; see Fig. B2). It was demonstrated that there is substantial predictability of the East African monsoon rainfall, and causes for decadal modulations of the predictability are being investigated.
Figure B2. a) Climatological mean vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (shaded), vertically integrated moisture flux (vector) from and its convergence for ICTPAGCM. b) Indian Ocean Dipole composite of vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (shaded), vertically integrated moisture flux (vector) from ICTPAGCM. Units are mm (day) !1 for moisture flux convergence and kg m!1 s!1 for moisture flux.
Climate variability in the Arabian Peninsula was also investigated in collaboration with the staff associate I.S. Kang (Kang et al., submitted). It was demonstrated that the ENSO influence on Arabian Peninsula winter rainfall increased in the recent 30 years. As potential candidates for this modulation, the increase of ENSO variability itself as well as its teleconnection to the Indian Ocean have been identified. Finally, within the WAMME project, the ability of the ICTP AGCM SPEEDY to simulate basic
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aerosol impacts of climate was tested. Idealized sensitivity simulations with and without aerosol were performed and submitted to the WAMME database. Analysis of these results is currently in progress.
B.2 Tropical-extratropical Teleconnections (Kucharski + visitors) Regarding the research on tropical-extratropical teleconnections, the impact of transient Eddy feedbacks on the extratropical response to ENSO has been investigated (Abid et al., to be submitted). In this work it is shown, using the ICTP AGCM that the transient eddies get organized in response to ENSO and feedback positively on the response in the Pacific North American region
C. Climate Impacts (Tompkins, Coppola, Caporaso, Colon-Gonzales + visitors) C.1 Climate impacts on health (Tompkins, Colon-Gonzales, Asari) Climate-health driven research has continued in ESP supported by two grants from the European Union in which ICTP plays a key role. The projects aim to disentangle the effects of climatic, socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural factors to increase our understanding of how climate impacts the prevalence of the disease, to be able to predict its occurrence months in advance, or its potential distribution under future climate conditions. Current research in the area focuses on malaria. ESP section scientists have used both statistical and dynamical methods to model malaria transmission in southern and east Africa, focussing on Malawi, Uganda and Rwanda where potentially the most comprehensive district level databases are presently available. The studies and model developments represent the first time that a combined statistical and dynamical modelling approach has been applied and evaluated at a sub-national health district level. In addition to the statistical modelling of disease, ICTP has developed a novel framework that aims to isolate the climate signals in health data by filtering out some of the non-climatic noise that may arise from changes in other determinants of disease occurrence such as socioeconomic development or interventions as well as automatically filtering out bad data entries. This framework is still under evaluation but promises to furnish health Ministries with a set of tools that enhances their capacity to understand spatial and temporal trends in disease incidence in their countries. A major step forward in the modelling capacity of malaria has also been made with the development of the “vector borne disease community model of ICTP”, more commonly referred to as VECTRI1. The model development started in 2011 and was reported in some detail in the 2012 annual report. VECTRI is the first dynamical, spatially explicit malaria model that can operated at high resolutions accounting for the impact of the following factors on malaria transmission: Climate (temperature and precipitation), Population density (differences between rural and peri-urban transmission environments), Surface hydrology (the way precipitation drives surface pools). Evaluations in West Africa against field research data were extremely promising. ICTP is also conducting a validation exercise comparing the VECTRI model outputs against both the malaria dataset obtained from the Uganda Ministry of Health (UMOH), and a recently retrieved dataset for six sentinel sites from the Uganda Malaria Surveillance Project (UMSP) and data from the ministry of health in Rwanda. Unlike the UMOH data, which exclusively comprises suspected malaria cases, the UMSP data only contains information about laboratory confirmed cases. Preliminary results are encouraging as they indicate a fair agreement between the malaria indicators estimated by VECTRI and the UMSP data in some endemic areas. The VECTRI outputs agree to a lower extent with the UMOH data (Figure C1).
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Figure C1: Comparison between the estimated VECTRI output and observed malaria data. The figure shows time series of the VECTRI-estimated logarithm of the entomological inoculation rate (Ln-EIR) against suspected and confirmed malaria cases in the Ugandan district of Kanungu. The VECTRI model was driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Further developments are in an advanced stage to allow the model to account for land use change (LUC) and population immunity to the disease. Also, the simple hydrological scheme of the model is being modified and evaluated in detail using remote sensing and high-resolution hydrological models. The first overview paper of the model was published early in 2013, and since then the model has been applied to both seasonal forecasting applications and projections of the disease over longer timescales. Seasonal Forecasting of malaria involves the instigation of a new integrated system consisting of the monthly and seasonal forecasting ensembles of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts coupled to the VECTRI model to provide season long forecasts of malaria. The system is currently under evaluation in Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya and initial results are very promising, with the ability to predict variability in malaria transmission 3 to 4 months in advance, including the major outbreak documented in the Kenyan and Ugandan highlands in January to March of 1998 in response to the major El Nino event. Ongoing work is attempting to incorporate the effects of recently ramped up intervention activities partly funded under the roll back malaria campaign and work to incorporate these and vulnerability indicators together in an integrated operational decision support system. Climate projections of malaria focussed on driving the VECTRI model with output from global or high-resolution regional climate models as part of a wider ensemble of malaria modelling tools. The pilot studies were conducted as a contribution to the ISIMIP project, and lead to 3 high profile publications in the Proceeds of the National Academy of Sciences in late 2013. These studies showed how the malaria modelling systems agreed that highland areas were liable to increased risk of future
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transmission but also highlighted the disagreement between the various modelling. The study was the first time the VECTRI model was applied globally to the task of modelling falciparum malaria. The extent of malaria transmission depends on climatic factors, which impact both the distribution of malaria-carrying mosquitoes and the length of the season in which those mosquitoes are active. The ISIMIP models consistently predicted a future malaria risk increase in the tropical highland regions of Africa, South America and Southeast Asia, however the models did not agree regarding malaria risk and changes in epidemic transmission in a number of other regions. While the future increase in risk in tropical highlands regions appears robust, the articles argue that research is required to improve malaria impact models and reduce uncertainties in projections in other regions, such as improving the representation of socioeconomic factors involving land use and population change in the models. It is emphasized that the ICTP VECTRI model was the only spatially explicit fully dynamical model to participate in the study.
C.2 LUC Modeling - FOREST-SAGE (Tompkins, Caporaso, Biondi, Bell) Deforestation has long been considered a critical issue for the future preservation of ecosystems and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Deforestation estimates are uncertain and vary considerably despite inexorably improving remote sensing, but the consensus is that tropical forest systems are at risk. Evaluating factors that drive deforestation is also difficult, since these can vary from region to region and are multiple and interacting. Drivers of deforestation can work on the local scale, such as the distance to tracks, roads, markets, villages and towns, which increase agriculture land value, as do soil quality, topography, and suitability of the climate to high value crops. Existing forest degradation and fragmentation increase access and thus deforestation rates. In terms of national legislation, granting of logging concessions or conversely instigation of national parks or other protective measures is very important. To complicate matters further, macroscopic factors are also at play with global economic conditions and regional legislation and policy driving external deforestation demand. Many models of deforestation are derived for a specific region using regression techniques and can’t be easily applied on a wider scale. This is why many climate investigations of land-use change use highly idealized scenarios involving step changes in land- cover, which are unable to reveal the nature of the complicated and nonlinear relationship between land-surface cover and climate. For example it is possible that the climate regime in certain locations has 'tipping points', flipping between alternative regimes at a certain critical level of deforestation.
Figure C2: FOREST-SAGE and local drivers of deforestation.
To address these issues scientists in the ESP section have developed a new model called the dynamical deFORESTation ScenArio Generator, or FOREST-SAGE, which is coupled to a widely
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used land-surface scheme CLM, employed in the group's regional climate model REGCM, as well as numerous global circulation models. The model accounts for both local factors in a generic algorithm, but combines this with macro-scale economic and legislative scenarios to produce potential deforestation pathways. The model has been evaluated using MODIS-VCF (i.e. Vegetation Continuous Field) available for the last 10 years (Fig. C2) and the comparison shows that FOREST- SAGE correctly predicts the general spatial pattern of deforestation. The deforestation spatial variability appears to be primarily driven by population density and forest accessibility, in particular the deforestation is clearly more accentuated along the Congo River.
Figure C3: MODIS and FOREST-SAGE trend years 2001-2010. In the northern part of the region (latitude > 0), deforestation rates are higher due to population pressures while in the south (latitude < 0) deforestation is smaller in magnitude and the model performs less well in the absence of clear local drivers.
Moreover a set of possible scenarios has been used to provide a range of possible pathways for the evolution of land-use change over the Congo Basin. These experiments demonstrate the flexibility of FOREST-SAGE to address questions about policy decision.
Three possible scenarios have been used:
• Business-as-Usual scenario (BAU) • Optimistic scenario (ODS) • Pessimistic scenario (PDS)
The BAU analyzes the evolution of land-use until 2030, under the hypothesis of continuing current trends in deforestation reported by the FAO (0.23% year 1). In practice it explores the situation when no further policies are implemented beyond the year 2010. The assumptions underlying the ODS leads to very low deforestation rate (0.1% year-1 in 2030) due as example to the enforcement of environmental policies, while the PDS was the most aggressive scenario of deforestation simulated (0.5% year 1 in 2030). All simulated policy-sensitive scenarios show a similar spatial pattern change of land-use mainly due to the lack of drivers that change through the time (except the forest cover itself). This is one aspect of future model development that will attempt to increase road structures and population centres in response to population growth by coupling to the WISDOM model described below.
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Figure C4: Future deforestation projections for 2030. Panel a: Ensemble mean FOREST-SAGE 2030- 2010 under BAU scenario; panel b: ensemble mean difference PDS-BAU for year 2030; panel c: ensemble mean difference ODS-BAU.
C.3 Population modeling - WISDOM (Tompkins) In late 2013, work has started on a new research line in ESP to develop a fully dynamical model of population for developing regions. The model defines employment classes in rural and urban environments along with a generic spatial model for migration and living cost to simulate cyclic and permanent migration flow networks on a sub-national scale and is thus referred to as the “Wealth Indexed Socio Demographic model Of Migration” or WISDOM. Under current active development, the first version due for completion in spring 2014 will concentrate on urbanisation and will use UNEP projections of urbanisation rates as boundary conditions to provide spatially explicit maps of population density in Africa to 2050. However, the simple derivation of the UNEP rates, which are based on extrapolation techniques of observed urbanization pathways, will be replaced in WISDOM by the incorporation of a spatially-generalized N-class implementation of the classic two-class economic development migration model of Todaro and Harris. The WISDOM model will be used in early 2014 to provide dynamic population input to the VECTRI and other disease models in the EUFP7 HEALTHY FUTURES project, and has also been invited to contribute to the Gates funded HIV Modelling Consortium led by Imperial College in London. Over the longer term, the aim is to couple WISDOM to the land use, vegetation and regional/global climate models of ICTP in a fully integrated socio-economic-climate modelling framework. In this way, for example, the simulation of climate extremes in the future would drive migration through its impact on yields, production, food prices and rural casual employment opportunities.
C.4 Hydrological impacts (Coppola + visitors) Hydrologic model activities have continued as part of the ACQWA project, in which the Po River was selected as a case study. This river is a crucial resource for the Italian economy, since 40% of the gross domestic product derives from this area. Quantification of the impacts of climate change on the water resources associated with the Po River is thus crucial for planning future water use. Within this project a mini ensemble of 8 hydrological simulations with the hydrological model CHYM were completed by ICTP from 1960 to 2050 under the A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario, by using as input climate forcing fields from two regional climate models (REMO and RegCM) at two different resolutions (25 km -10km and 25km-3km). The river discharge at the closing point of the basin shows a change in the spring peak of the annual cycle, with a one month shift from May to April (Figure C5). This shift is entirely due to the change in the snowmelt timing, which drives most of the discharge in this period of the year. Other important changes are an increase of discharge in the wintertime and a decrease in fall from September to November. The spring shift and the fall decrease of discharge imply an extension of the hydrological dry season and thus an increase in water stress over the basin. The spatial distribution of the discharge changes are in agreement with what is observed at the closing point and the uncertainty associated with these changes are proportional to the amplitude of the signal. In addition, an analysis of the changes in the anomaly distribution of
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discharge shows that either the increase or decrease of seasonal discharge is tied to the changes in the tails of the distribution, namely to the increase or decrease of extreme events.
Figure C5: Change of Po river discharge annual cycle for the future period 2020/50 compared to the reference period 1960/90 in different scenario simulations with the hydrologic model CHYM. Units are percentage of reference value.
D. Aerosol, Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (Solmon, Giorgi, Elguindi, Shalaby, Liu + associates/visitors) The main goal of this activity is to improve the understanding and modeling of the evolution of chemical compounds and their environmental feedbacks under the influence of climatic change and anthropogenic activities (mainly through emissions and land use modification). To reach this goal a range of models are used and/or developed from the global to the local scale. For 2013 the main achievements were the following: D1. Development of a coupled regional chemistry-climate model (Solmon, Giorgi, Shalaby + visitors) The development of a coupled climate chemistry model (RegCM-CHEM) based on the ICTP RegCM4 has continued. Major developments in 2013 have consisted in: Interfacing of IASA global chemical emission inventories with RegCM4 for the study of past, present and future interactions of climate and atmospheric chemistry. A new chemical lumping method for representing specific emissions sectors (e.g. transport, industry,) was applied. Inclusion of a pollen emission and transport model within RegCM4 to study interactions between
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climate, land use change and pollen concentrations in Europe (ATOPICA EU program). Developments of pollen production modeling and its relation to vegetation primary production have also started. Inclusion and testing of a thermodynamical equilibrium model for gas-aerosol partition (ISORROPIA), leading to an improved representation of Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium system and alkaline aerosol. The inclusion of a representation of gas-aerosol partition for semi-volatile organic species (using the SORGAM module) was also started. Beside specific model developments, we initiated or contributed to different projects dealing with aerosol climate interactions and aerosol impacts:
D2. Aerosol climatic impact over the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayas (Solmon, Giorgi + visitors) In the context of the PAPRIKA program (Italian/French project) and following our activities in 2012, in 2013 we focused on characterizing natural vs. anthropogenic aerosol impacts on the Indian monsoon dynamics and precipitation over the Himalaya. Results of this study have notably pointed out the potential importance of the observed increasing dust trends over Arabia, which could impact mid-troposphere circulations over the north-western Indian Ocean and could affect monsoon dynamics and precipitation in southern India (Figure D.1).
850 hpa circulation dif. (nat-noaer) m/s
precip dif. (nat-noaer) mm/day
!"#$%&"'&()*+"'%"'%,)*-%+#./&-*%%
Figure D1: (a) Dust-induced anomaly on the 850 hpa India monsoon wind circulation (JJAS 2000-2009 average). (b) Dust-induced anomaly on India monsoon precipitation (JJAS 2000-2009 average, red contour = statistically significant levels).
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D3. Impact of Climate on Ambrosia pollen concentrations (Solmon, Giorgi, Liu) In the context of the ATOPICA EU program our aim is to study the links between climate, land use and ecological changes on Ambrosia pollen emissions and concentrations as well as the related health impacts. Towards this purpose we introduced a pollen emission/ transport parameterization in RegCM4. We first performed hindcast simulations (driven by the 2000-2011 ERA-Interim re- analyses), which were used to calibrate, optimize and validate simulated pollen concentrations over an ensemble of Ambrosia pollen observations in Europe. This work showed the capability of our modeling system to represent observed pollen concentrations for present day conditions (e.g. Figure D2) and its potential for predicting future climate evolution impacts on pollen levels. We also performed an historical simulation driven by dynamical output from the HadGEM global circulation model, which will also be used for future climate boundary conditions. Comparison of historical and hindcast runs showed a good consistency. In addition, an online calculation of pollen production, linked to seasonal and interannual vegetation cycles, was developed in RegCM4-CLM. This should allow us to reproduce the climatic effects on vegetation primary production and how this controls pollen production inter-annual variability.
High concentration case Low concentration case
Figure D2: Simulated and observed evolution of Ambrosia pollen concentration for two European stations in Hungary and Italy and for different years.
D4. Impacts of dust in the Caspian and Aral Sea region (Solmon, Elguindi) During 2013, a research project was initiated to explore the impacts of dust aerosol in the Caspian and Aral Sea region using RegCM4. This work is important because to date very little is known about the region's dust characteristics in terms of concentrations and variability, as well as the effect that the dust has on the surrounding climate. Some of the research goals associated with this project include: 1) Set-up and validate RegCM4 coupled to the dust emission transport model over the region of interest. Evaluate the region's dust climatology and interannual variability. 2) Quantifying the impacts of dust on the Caspian Sea: The Caspian Sea level (CSL) is highly sensitive to climate change and as a result has undergone major fluctuations in the past which have proven socially and economically disastrous for the surrounding region and local industries. Hence, given the prominent threat of anthropogenically induced global warming, there is enormous concern regarding the impact changes in the basin's hydroclimatology will have on the CSL in the next few decades. Numerous studies have attempted to simulate projections of these changes using climate models of varying complexity, however, none have included the radiative effects of dust which can have a significant affect on net sea evaporation. Our preliminary results show that when dust is included in the model simulation, sea surface temperatures are
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significantly cooler and biases are reduced compared to simulations which do not include dust (Figure D3). More importantly, this translates into a difference in evaporation over the Sea of approximately 20 cm year-1, demonstrating how crucial it is to include the impacts of dust in simulations that project changes in the CSL. 3) Explore the contribution of the desiccation and desertification of the Aral Sea to dust in the region: The Aral Sea, which lies just to the east of the Caspian Sea, has been shrinking since the 1960's due to human intervention. As a result, the region has experienced significant desertification and satellite observations showed that the Aral Sea basin has become a dust emission hot spot. Dusts are also associated to contaminants accumulated in the Aral Sea sediments over the years and newly exposed to wind erosion. One of the goals of this project is to simulate this process and to quantify the effects in terms of the impacts on dust climatology and dust storms in the region. 4) Explore the effects of land use change in dust in the surrounding region of the Caspian Sea: Previous studies have shown that the desert and semi-desert region of Turkmenistan has undergone significant land use change in recent decades due to inappropriate land use practices. A goal of this project is to identify these changes using available satellite data, and attempt to model the impact these changes have on dust in the region. Preliminary results from this project presented at the Annual American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco in December 2013 drew the attention of scientists in charge of the global AERONET aerosol observational network maintained by NASA, who recognized the lack of ground based aerosol radiative measurements in the region. As a positive implication of this project, we are currently in the process of facilitating a possible scientific collaboration between NASA and local scientists (Turkmenistan) to reinforce observational network in the Caspian/ Aral dust region.
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Figure D3: Seasonally averaged observed and simulated Caspian Sea surface temperatures for the period 1995-2008 for different RegCM4 experiments.
D5. Climate chemistry studies over the Mediterranean region (Solmon + visitors). Through a collaboration with CNRS and Meteo France, Toulouse, our goal is to characterize atmospheric chemistry and climate interactions in the Mediterranean basin by confronting our regional model simulations to experimental observations collected as part of the CharMEx campaign. In 2013 RegCM4 was notably used to participate in a model inter-comparison exercise simulating an observed case of dust storm event over the Mediterranean basin, and showed its capability to reproduce realistically intense aerosol emission, transport and optical properties associated to severe wildfires in Greece.
E. Oceanography (Farneti, Kucharski, Solidoro, Sitz + visitors) E1. Ocean and coupled model development: Global and regional (Farneti, Kucharski, Solidoro, Dwivedi,
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Fuentes-Franco, Sitz) OCE develops and maintains an ICTP version of the ocean climate model MOM, which participates in international collaborations and multi-model intercomparisons. The model is also used by associates and visitors on different projects. On the regional scale, a fine-resolution regional modelling initiative is being coordinated, in close collaboration with the ACC research line, and with the help of post-docs and associates. Fig. E1 shows an example of an oceanic regional domain for the Caribbean Sea (or CORDEX Central America domain) presently tested. The ocean model will soon be coupled to the regional atmospheric model RegCM4 developed by ICTP and will serve as a tool for studying present and future climatic conditions in many regions within a coupled framework. Ocean-atmosphere coupled models are also used and developed by OCE and NCVP scientists. An intermediate-complexity coupled model is used for studies in climate dynamics, model development, theoretical and curiosity-driven research (e.g., Farneti and Vallis, 2013; Fûckar et al, 2013). In collaboration with scientists from the NCVP group and external scientists, a new coupled model is being developed. The model comprises the ICTP atmospheric model SPEEDY, developed and maintained by the NCVP group, and the NEMO ocean model. The coupled model will serve as a fast but comprehensive tool for studies of present, future and past climates. Finally, both global and regional coupled models are expected to develop into Earth System Models, including biogeochemistry and land models.
Figure E1: A monthly mean surface ocean speed snapshot (in m/sec) from a 1/4 degree global ocean model. The model will be used as initial and lateral boundary condition for the regional model configuration of the Central America CORDEX domain.
E.2 Ocean modelling intercomparisons (Farneti) The ocean model developed and maintained at ICTP participates in the Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiment (CORE). CORE is an experimental protocol for ocean-ice coupled simulations forced with interannually varying atmospheric data sets for the period 1948-2007. This effort, involving several centers around the world, is coordinated by the CLIVAR Working Group on Ocean Model Development (WGOMD). The hindcast simulations provide a framework for model
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evaluation and for studying variability and change at seasonal to decadal time scales. Several regional studies are underway in North and South Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans (e.g., Danabasoglu et al., 2014; Downes et al, 2014; Griffies et al, 2014). CORE studies provide a valuable comparison with available observations, mechanistic understandings of recent oceanic trends and variability, as well as stimulate further model improvements among the community.
E.3 Role of the ocean in interannual to multi-decadal variability and predictability (Farneti, Kucharski) OCE has continued to work on several aspects of variability and predictability of the coupled ocean- atmosphere system at interannual, decadal and longer time scales. A particular focus was devoted to the Pacific sector and the possible interactions involving both ocean and atmosphere leading to tropical-extratropical Pacific variability on decadal time scales. The study that links to the NCVP section used idealized and state-of-the-science simulations involving both the ICTP atmospheric model and the ICTP ocean general circulation model. In Farneti et al. (2014a), it was found that equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are responsible for driving a weakening of the Hadley cell and atmospheric meridional heat transport. The atmosphere is then shown to produce a significant response in the subtropics, with wind stress curl anomalies in phase with the climatological mean but of opposite sign, consistent with a weakening of the oceanic subtropical gyre (STG). The ICTP ocean model was then forced with the atmospheric decadal anomalies. In the northern Pacific, the shallow subtropical cell (STC) was shown to spin down and the meridional heat transport was reduced, resulting in positive equatorial SST anomalies. The coupled mechanism was further explored with the help of an idealized theoretical model. Farneti et al (2014a) argue that equatorial SST decadal variability stems from the forcing of the Pacific subtropical gyre through the atmospheric response to ENSO. The conclusions of the study are that extratropical atmospheric responses to tropical forcing have feedbacks on ocean dynamics that lead to a time-delayed response of the tropical oceans, giving rise to a possible mechanism for multidecadal ocean-atmosphere coupled variability. The study was extended in Farneti et al. (2014b), where model results were shown to agree well with observed estimates of STC transport and equatorial SST anomalies. Farneti et al. (2014b) thus tries to explain the equatorial Pacific low- frequency variability of the last century, and provides a mechanism that could potentially predict some of the future Pacific climate variability. Extratropically-forced STC variability is identified as a major player in the generation of equatorial Pacific SST anomalies, pacing tropical Pacific climate variability on inter-decadal time scales, as observed in historical records.
E.4 Energy transport in the climate system (Farneti) The partitioning of meridional energy transport between the atmosphere and ocean, and the possible compensation between the two, is an important problem both at fundamental and practical levels. Variations in such transport may lead to variations in climate on decadal and longer timescales, and to possible predictability of the climate system. With a combination of theory and numerical simulations, Farneti and Vallis (2013) aimed at better understanding the processes that determine energy transport variability and compensation. Fig. E2 shows an example of how mass transport in the ocean can be partitioned following a 'heat coordinate', and later analyzed with respect to mass and heat transports in the atmosphere. The authors find that, on decadal time scales, a high degree of compensation between the energy transport in the atmosphere and ocean is found for the Northern Hemisphere in the Atlantic sector, a feature sometimes referred to as 'Bjerknes' compensation'. The low-frequency variability of the system is rooted in the ocean, and more precisely in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. A proper understanding and representation of this circulation in climate models is therefore necessary for generating a correct low-frequency climate variability in both ocean and atmosphere. This research is now being extended by analysing the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), a large dataset of state-of-the- art climate ocean-atmosphere models. The new research focuses on the mechanisms leading to meridional energy transport variability and compensation across models and climate scenarios. The intercomparison will determine how Bjerknes compensation is affected in a warming climate.
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24 Warm Cells 22 −6 6 20 18 −4 [C] Intermediate 3 θ 16 Cells 7 14 12 Cold Cells 10 8 6
Potential temperature −3 4 6 2 11 0
60S 40S 20S 0 20N 40N 60N Latitude Figure E2: The oceanic overturning circulation (in Sv; 1 Sv = 10^6 m^3/sec) in potential temperature space for the model used in Farneti and Vallis (2013). The circulation divided into temperature classes helped in elucidating the different spatio-temporal relationships with atmospheric fluxes.
E5. Southern Ocean climate and global implications (Farneti) Because the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic is the primary window through which the vast volume of oceanic water masses interacts with the surface layer of the ocean and thus the atmosphere, this region has a profound influence on the Earth’s climate and ecosystems. Indeed, prior modeling and observational studies suggest that, despite occupying just over a quarter of the surface ocean area, the Southern Ocean accounts for up to half of the annual oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Vertical exchange in the Southern Ocean supplies nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) that fertilize three-quarters of the biological production in the global ocean. The Southern Ocean accounts for about 70% of the excess heat that is transferred from the atmosphere into the ocean each year and which is currently slowing the rate of global warming. In 2013, OCE maintained a large effort in modeling and understanding the Southern Ocean, and continued its research on Southern Ocean variability and change by analyzing state-of-the-science climate model simulations (Downes et al, 2014) and performing idealized and theoretical studies (Kwon et al., 2013). OCE is also leading the CORE intercomparison on Southern Ocean dynamics and recent evolution (see Research Activity E.2), which will spawn several scientific papers.
E6. South Atlantic variability (Sitz, Farneti) In 2013, a new post-doc joined the OCE research line. The Argentinean scientist Lina Sitz focused her research on the analysis and interpretation of the variability of the South Atlantic Circulation and its impact on the global ocean circulation. In order to identify the main factors that link changes in the South Atlantic with global and abrupt climate changes, we analyzed the evolution of heat and salinity fluxes, mass transport and velocity fields in three different models for the past sixty years. As the South Atlantic connects the North Atlantic with the Pacific and Indian Oceans, it is considered both a vital conduit between ocean basins as well as a source of variability and change in water masses, leading to the propagation and redistribution of climatic anomalies throughout the World Ocean. Scientists from different Institutions in Argentina and the United States are
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collaborating on this project, and a workshop on this topic will take place in Buenos Aires in the fall of 2014. A scientific publication detailing our results is underway.
E7. Marine ecosystem modeling (Solidoro) A new line of research within OCE is marine ecosystem modeling. In particular, Solidoro has been contributing to research on assessing and modelling potential effects of cumulative impact of multiple stressors - such as climate, pollution, fishery and aquaculture - on relevant marine organisms, on marine ecosystems state and on related good and services that include fishery, aquaculture and carbon sequestration. Further, Solidoro has applied his research to exploring the effects of implementation of alternative management options on coastal and marine ecosystems.
F. Mechanics of Earthquakes and Tectonophysics (MET) F.1 Rayleigh waves in orthotropic fluid-saturated porous media (Giang, Aoudia, Vinh) Elastic surface waves, discovered by Rayleigh more than 120 years ago for compressible isotropic elastic solids have been studied extensively and exploited for a wide range of applications in seismology, acoustics, geophysics, telecommunications industry and materials science. For the Rayleigh waves, their dispersion equations in explicit form are very significant in practical applications. They can be used for solving direct (forward) problems, such as the effects of material parameters on the wave velocity, and especially inverse problems, e.g., determining material parameters from the measured values of the wave speed. Thus, the secular equations in explicit form are always the main purpose for any investigation of Rayleigh waves. In 2013, we investigated the propagation of Rayleigh waves in elastic half-spaces coated by thin elastic layers. By applying the effective boundary conditions method some explicit secular equations were derived. We also studied the propagation of Rayleigh waves in orthotropic fluid-saturated porous half-spaces, a problem significant in geophysics. By employing the matrix formulation along with the method of polarization vector, we have obtained the explicit secular equation of the wave. Interestingly, the obtained secular equation is not a complex equation as the implicit secular equation that was previously derived.
F2. Shear-wave velocity models along the Atlantic Margin from ambient noise tomography (Lbadaoui, Guidarelli, Aoudia) Ambient Noise Tomography is a methodology that provides a powerful tool for sampling the Earth’s shear-wave-velocity structure. Correlation of noise between pairs of stations at tens of km spacing, stacked over many months, provides Green’s functions of wave propagation between the stations, largely surface waves. These signals are most robust at 5-20 s periods where fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves sample the crust and uppermost mantle, allowing 3D imaging at these depths. Thanks to the availability of seismic stations in Morocco, Spain and ocean bottom seismometers in the Atlantic ocean, we decided to use data recorded from these stations to obtain information about the shear wave velocity structure of the crust in the area. We used data recorded by 70 seismic stations belonging to different networks (Figure F1): • 24 Ocean bottom seismometers deployed in the gulf of Cadiz by the NEAREST project. • 13 broadband seismic stations in Portugal. • 34 short period seismic stations in Morocco. • 5 broadband seismic station in Spain. The first step of the study, started in late 2013, was the collection and preprocessing of seismic data from the 70 seismic stations. The activity in progress is now the cross correlation between of all the station pairs, after which we plan to use tomography and inversion techniques to obtain first group velocity tomographic maps and then shear wave velocity models of the area under study. The new velocity models will provide new information about the crustal structure of Morocco, Spain and the Atlantic margin, a region where the inhomogeneous distribution of seismicity and the past scarcity
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of seismic stations (especially the oceanic margin) heavily limited the knowledge in the past.
Figure F1: Networks of broadband and short period seismic stations used in this study
F.3 Seismic studies of the East African and Red Sea rift (Guidarelli) The Afar depression is an ideal location to study the role of extension and magmatism as rifting processes to seafloor spreading. The Afar region marks the intersection of the southern Red Sea rift, the Gulf of Aden Rift and the Main Ethiopian Rift, forming an archetypal rift-rift-rift triple junction. The Afar sector is the most mature part of the East-Africa Rift system, which divides the Nubia, Somalian and Arabian plates. Recent active rifting and dyke injection has focused scientific attention on this area. An understanding of the crustal structure in the region provides insights into the thermal structure needed to understand passive margin development and the processes involved with the transition from continental rifting to the formation of new oceanic crust. Opposite to the Afar region, the Red Sea rift began about 30 million years ago, separating the western edge of the Arabian Plate from Africa. The Red Sea is flanked by the Arabian Peninsula, which is composed of the western Arabian Shield and the eastern Arabian Platform. Numerous studies have provided details on the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Arabian Peninsula, but a full understanding of the local scale structure has yet to be obtained, especially because to the scarcity of data in the past decades. Here we used the methodology of ambient noise tomography to obtain information of the shallow structure in the Afar region and in the Arabian Peninsula. Surface wave tomography using ambient noise is a rapidly expanding imaging technique. The reason for its importance is that it provides significant advantages compared to conventional earthquake tomography. Tomography using ambient noise produces surface wave dispersion maps with unprecedented horizontal resolution; it can be applied to regions with sparse, inhomogeneously distributed, or even non-existent seismicity, and produces reliable measurements at periods below 10 seconds. Therefore this methodology appears to be suitable to image the crust beneath the active volcanic segments (1) in Afar given the presence of a local network of broadband instruments and a clustered and non-homogeneously distributed seismicity; (2) in the Arabian Peninsula where the
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recent and rapidly developing network Saudi National Seismic Network (SNSN) can provide new sets of data. The resulting tomographic images show the presence of low velocity anomalies directly beneath the main volcanic segments in Afar and a clear boundary between the Arabic Shield and the Arabic Plateau. These group velocity maps represent the starting point for future interpretations of the structure and evolution of the rifting process in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
Figure F2: Rayleigh wave group velocity map of the Arabian Peninsula at the period 10 s.
F.4 Crustal structure of the Friuli region (north-east Italy) from ambient noise tomography (Guidarelli, Aoudia) The Friuli region, in the north-eastern part of Italy, is characterized by a compressional tectonic regime, evident from both geological and seismological observations, and related to the convergence of the Eurasian and Adriatic plates. Seismicity is episodic and characterized by long quiescent periods. Historical records show only two large events, in 1348 and 1511, with estimated magnitudes greater than 6.0. The most recent big earthquake, the event in 1976, was the reason for starting an intensive study of the area from the geological and the geophysical point of view but probably the main consequence of the earthquake was the establishment of a regional seismometric network to monitor the seismic activity in the Friuli area. Past studies showed that crust is characterized by
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sharp lateral and deep seismic velocity anomalies that are associated with the complex geological structure and highly fractured zones related to the main faulting pattern. The velocity images show a high-velocity body below 6 km depth in the central part of the Friuli area, and this is interpreted as a tectonic wedge. Nevertheless, a full characterisation of the crustal and upper mantle structure in the Friuli region in still missing. For this reason we decided to use the data from the continuously developing seismic networks in Friuli and surrounding countries and to apply the methodology of ambient noise tomography to investigate the crustal and upper mantle structure. The study is in progress: data have been collected and preprocessed; cross correlation of seismic waveforms have been computed and we plan to produce the seismic velocity maps of the region very soon. F5. Seismic vs. geodetic strain around the Gonave Microplate in the Caribbean (Gonzales, Aoudia) Kostrov summation theory and CMT, ISC catalog are used to determinate apparent velocities around the Gonave microplate that are then compared whit GPS data. Zones of seismic deficit around the Gonave microplate are clearly highlighted with obvious implication on the earthquake hazard in the Caribbean.
Figure F3: Zones of seismic deficit around the Gonave microplate.
F6. Past activities still ongoing in 2013: 1- GPS geodesy and transient deformation using GPS geodesy (Borghi, Aoudia) 2- Mechanics of the earthquake cycle using rates and state friction laws (Farhan, Aoudia) 3- InSAR, GPS and Earth structure along the North African plate boundary (Hamling, Borghi, Guidarelli, Aoudia) 4- Seismic tomography across the Himalaya (Kumar, Aoudia)
Training Activities At ICTP Diploma Course in Earth System Physics (F. Kucharski, coordinator)
School on Modelling Tools and Capacity Building in Climate and Public Health 15 - 26 April 2013
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Organizers: R. Lowe, M. Sa Carvalho, G. Mantilla. ICTP Local Organizers: A. Tompkins, F. Colon Gonzalez
Workshop on Mathematical Models of Climate Variability, Environmental Change and Infectious Diseases 29 April - 10 May 2013 Organizers: A.P. Dobson (USA), G.A. Canziani (Argentina), G.A. Leo (USA), M. Pascual (USA). ICTP Local Organizers: A. Tompkins, M. Marsili
2nd Workshop on Water Resources in Developing Countries: Planning and Management in a Climate Change Scenario 6 - 17 May 2013 Organizers: S. Sorooshian (Univ. of California, USA), M. Verdecchia (Univ. L’Aquila, Italy). ICTP Local Organizers: : E. Coppola, L. Mariotti Co-sponsor: the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics - IUGG
Earthquake Tectonics and Hazards on the Continents 17 - 28 June 2013 Organizers: J. Jackson (UK), P. England (UK), ICTP Local Organizer: A. Aoudia
Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Global Solution for Monitoring Geological Disasters 2 - 6 September 2013 Organizers: I. Hamling (GNS-New Zealand), T. Wright, (Leeds). ICTP Local Organizer: A. Aoudia Cosponsor: International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
WCRP-World Climate Research Programme: 1st CORDEX Workshop on Statistical Downscaling 26 - 27 September 2013 Organizer(s): William J. Gutowski (Iowa State University, USA), Bruce Hewitson (University of Cape Town, South Africa), Rasmus Benestad (Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway), ICTP local organizer: F. Giorgi Funded by World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
Joint ICTP-IAEA Advancing Modelling of Climate, Land-use, Energy and Water (CLEW) Interactions 7 - 11 October 2013 Organizers: T. Alfstad & M. Nguyen, IAEA - Vienna; ICTP Local Organizer: A. Tompkins
School and Workshop on Weather Regimes and Weather Types in the Tropics and Extra-tropics: Theory and Application to Prediction of Weather and Climate 21 - 30 October 2013 Organizers: D. Straus, F. Molteni, S. Corti. ICTP Local Organizer: F. Kucharski Co-sponsor: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Interactions (COLA) - George-Mason-University, USA.
2nd VALUE Training School: Statistical and Dynamical Downscaling of Extreme Events 21 - 31 October 2013 Organizers: J.M. Gutierrez Llorente, D. Maraun, E. Hertig, M. Widmann. ICTP Local Organizer: E. Coppola Funded by European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST VALUE: COST ACTION ES 1102 (2012-2015) Validating and Integrating Downscaling Methods for Climate Change Research
2nd CLIM-RUN School: Building Two-way Communication: A Week of Climate Services
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2 - 6 December 2013 Organizers: Paolo Ruti, ENEA, Italy. ICTP, Local Organizers: E. Coppola Funded by EC/FP7 project CLIM-RUN
Outside Activities Targeted Training Activity (TTA): Intraseasonal Monsoon Predictability and Prediction (Pune - India) 14 January - 25 January 2013 Organizers: B.N. Goswami, J. Shukla, S. Anguluri. ICTP Local Organizer: F. Kucharski
Extreme Weather and Climate Events in the Southern Caucasus - Black Sea Region (Tbilisi - Georgia) 3 - 7 June 2013 Organizers: N. Meskhidze (USA), M. Elizbarashvili (Georgia). ICTP Local Organizer: F. Solmon
Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Modelling at Global and Regional Scales (Hyderabad - India) 5 -14 August 2013 Organizers: M. Ravichandran (INCOIS), V. Balaji (GFDL). ICTP Local Organizer: R. Farneti
Capacity Building Workshop on Modeling of Regional Climate and Air Quality for West Africa (Abidjan - Cote d'Ivoire) 7 - 11 October 2013 Organizers: A. Konare. ICTP Local Organizers: F. Giorgi, F. Solmon
Climate and Impact Modeling for Eastern Africa: Climate, Water, Agriculture, and Health (Addis Ababa - Ethiopia) 28 October - 8 November 2013 Organizers: G.T. Diro (UQAM,Canada), G. Mengistu (AAU, Ethiopia). ICTP Local Organizer: A. Tompkins
School on Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard and Risk (Algiers - Algeria) 9 - 20 December 2013 Organizers: A. Yelles A. Harbi CRAAG, Algiers, D. Benouar, A. Ouabadi, M.S. Boughacha M. Ouyed USTHB, Algiers, M. Belazougui CGS, Algiers, H. Aourag DGRSDT, Algiers. ICTP Local Organizers: M. Guidarelli, A. Aoudia Co-sponsors: 1- Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia (LR. 19/2000) in the framework of the Project SEPPTTA: Sostegno ali'Educazione e alla Protezione del patrimonio ambientale e culturale nell'ambito della Prevenzione di Terremoti e Tsunami in Algeria; 2- IUGG: International Union of Geophysics and Geodesy; 3- CRAAG: Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Geophysique, Algiers 4- USTHB Periperi U: 'Partners Enhancing Resilience to People Exposed to Risks'
International Projects and External Funding Assessing Climatic Change and Impacts on the Quantity and Quality of Water - ACQWA, funded by the EU, 2008-2013, 208,000 Euro. (Coppola, Giorgi) Quantifying weather and climate impacts on health in developing countries - QWECI, funded by the EU, 2010-2013, 353,700 Euro. (Tompkins, Lowe, Piani, Biondi, Caporaso, Colon Gonzalez) Socioeconomic Consequences of Climate Change in Sub-equatorial Africa - SoCOCA, funded by the Norwegian Research Council, 2009-2013, 102,000 Euro. (Giorgi, Sylla, Diallo) SHARE-Paprika Italy, agreement with Comitato Ev-K2-CNR, Bergamo, Italy, 2010 - 2013, 75,000 Euro. (Solmon, Giorgi, Chiacchio)
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Health, environmental change and adaptive capacity: mapping, examining and anticipating future risks of water-related vector-borne diseases in eastern Africa – HEALTHY FUTURES, funded by the EU, 2011-2014, 229,300 Euro. (Tompkins, Tefera Diro, Li) Climate Local Information in the Mediterranean region: Responding to User Needs – CLIM-RUN, funded by the EU, 2011-2014, 251,200 Euro. (Giorgi, Coppola, Giuliani) Atopic diseases in changing climate, land use and air quality - ATOPICA, funded by the EU, 2011- 2014, 249,750 Euro. (Giorgi, Solmon, Torma) Next Data: agreement CNR-ICTP, Italy 2013, 100,000 Euro. (Giorgi, Mariotti) Earthquake and Tsunami hazards and preparedness, funded by the International Cooperation of the Friuli Venezia Giulia autonomous government (2012-2014)(Aoudia, Guidarelli) NERC Partnership for the Assessment and Mitigation of earthquake Hazard in the Alpine- Himalayan Belt and central Asia, 2012 - 2016. (Aoudia) Realtime seismology and Earth Structure at the junction between the Alps and Dindarides (2013- 2014) Italian Civil Protection and University of Trieste (Guidarelli, Aoudia) Earthquake Mechanics, funded by Cassa di Risparmio della Fondazione di Gorizia (Aoudia) EU-Marie Curie fellowship (2013-2014), Alps vs. Himalaya (Kumar, Aoudia)
Participation in International Programmes Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Giorgi) World Climate Research program (WCRP) (Giorgi) WCRP/CLIVAR Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (Farneti) Coordinated regional climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) – WCRP (Giorgi, Coppola, Mariotti, Sylla) Climate of the 20th Century (C20C) Project, CLIVAR (Kucharski) Natural Environment Research Council (UK) Earthquake Without Frontiers, 2012-2017. (Aoudia)
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 73 Staff and Dong-Lerm Nisitors (3 months or more) Professional Staff Staff Associates F. Giorgi, Italy, Senior Research Scientist (head) C. Brankovic, Croatia A. Aoudia, Algeria, Research Scientist I.-S. Kang, Korea E. Coppola, Italy, Research Scientist R. Farnetti, Italy, Research Scientist Consultant F. Kucharski, Germany, Research Scientist C. Solidoro, Italy F. Solmon, France, Research Scientist A. Tompkins, U.K., Research Scientist F. Molteni, Italy, (collaboration ECMWF, U.K.)
Long-term Visiting Scientists Postdoctoral Fellows I. Diallo, Senegal R. Biondi, Italy F. Raffaele, Italy L. Caporaso, Italy M.A.H. Zaroug, Sudan M. Chiacchio, USA S. Bacer, Italy, (junior visiting scientist) F. Colon Gonzalez, Mexico F. Di Sante, Italy, (junior visiting scientist) G.T. Diro, Ethiopia C. Yin, China (junior visiting scientist) N. Elguindi, USA R. Fuentes Franco, Mexico PhD Students G. Giuliani, Italy R. Nogherotto, Italy M. Guidarelli, Italy A. Lbadaoui , Morocco L. Liu, China L. Mariotti, Italy A. K. Shalaby, Egypt L. Sitz, Argentina C. Torma, Hungary G. Tumolo, Italy
74 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS HOSTED ACTIVITY STRUCTURE AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF THE EARTH (SAND)
Introduction The research activities are divided into two main lines: Non-Linear Dynamics of the Earth's Lithosphere (formerly led by Prof. V.I. Keilis-Borok, Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, IEPT RAS, Moscow, Russia) and Structure of the Earth with Application to Seismic and Volcanic Risk Mitigation (led by Prof. G.F. Panza, Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, DMG-UNITS, Italy). Within the framework of the first line we aim at application of earthquake prediction algorithms for a real-time intermediate-term middle-range earthquake prediction, seismicity models and their application to earthquake prediction, morphostructural zoning and pattern recognition of earthquake-prone areas, Within the framework of the second line we aim at the study of earthquake sources, estimation of seismic hazard and risks for Italy and other countries through the application of the neo- deterministic approach. Developed methodologies are transferred to scientists from developing countries through joint research, with particular attention to training potential leaders, and combining the workshops and training activities with subsequent individual projects. Special efforts are devoted to guarantee the continuity of a collaborative research by exploiting currently available technologies for remote interactions (i.e. the internet). The very positive outcome from past experience calls for an improvement of such interactions; this is attained by integration and formalization of existing scientific and computing networks, where ICTP plays a key role as the base for training and dissemination, through regular schools and workshops.
Research Activities Line of research: Nonlinear Dynamics of the Earth’s Lithosphere Seismicity models and earthquake prediction Predictive ability of a specific inter-event time model has been studied. This model was quite recently suggested for dynamic probabilistic prediction of M ! 5.5 events in Italy (http://earthquake.bo.ingv.it). Some aspects of both statistical estimation of the model and its predictive ability were analysed. It has been found that more or less effective prediction is possible within 4 out of 34 seismotectonic zones where seismicity rate or clustering of events is relatively high. It has been shown that, in the framework of the model, one can suggest a simple zone independent strategy, which practically optimizes the relative number of non-accidental successes, or the Hanssen-Kuiper (HK) skill score. This quasi-optimal strategy shows alarm in a zone for the first 2.67 years just after the occurrence of each large event in the zone. The optimal HK skill score values are: "26% for the 3 most active zones and 2-10% for the 26 least active zones. However, the number of false alarm intervals per one event in each of these two groups of zones is unusually high: "0.7 and 0.8-0.95 respectively. These theoretical estimations are important for practical using predictions obtained by means of the model under consideration because there is no experience of its application for real-time earthquake prediction during a rather long period.
Earthquake prediction by M8 algorithm The experiment aimed at a real-time intermediate-term middle-range earthquake prediction of the largest (with magnitude M ! 8.0) earthquake at a global scale by means of the M8 algorithm has
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been continued. Two such earthquakes occurred in 2013 (06.02.2013 with M = 8.0 at the Solomon Islands and 24.05.2013 with M = 8.3 in the Sea of Okhotsk). Both events were ‘failure-to-predict’ (their epicentres were outside the alarm area predicted by the M8 algorithm). The first case can be explained by the fact that perhaps the magnitude of this earthquake in the NEIC earthquake catalogue is overstated because some agencies estimate it as 7.2. In the second case the depth of the earthquake was about 600 km and the algorithm is not suited to predict earthquakes that deep.
Prospective testing of intermediate-term middle-range earthquake predictions in Italy by CN and M8S algorithms The routine analysis of Italian seismicity by CN and M8S algorithms has been continued, with predictions updated according to a predefined schedule, that is every two months CN predictions (i.e. on January, March, May, July, September, November) and every six months M8S predictions (i.e. on January and July). In particular the update of real-time predictions of M5.5+, M6.0+ and M6.5+ earthquakes has been performed (http://www.mitp.ru/en/m8s/M8s_italy.html). Similarly, a routinely updated archive of CN predictions has been made available on-line via the following website: http://www.geoscienze.units.it/esperimento-di-previsione-dei-terremoti-mt.html, thus allowing for rigorous validation and independent evaluation of the applied algorithms. No target earthquakes occurred within the one-year period from January 1 to December 31, 2013, both for CN and M8S algorithms. Besides the systematic monitoring of precursory seismicity patterns, a set of stability tests has been performed, with respect to the input data and their progressive revision (e.g., revision of ISC bulletins, used to update the UCI earthquake catalogue). A preliminary comparative analysis of the different earthquake catalogues for the Italian territory, made available within the framework of the CSEP-TRI experiment (Collaboratory Study on Earthquake Predictability, Testing Region Italy), evidenced the existence of relevant heterogeneities in the different instrumental data sets (Romashkova and Peresan, 2013). The detected variability of magnitude estimates over different time spans, has been corroborated by the recent analysis by Gasperini et al. (2013). The magnitude heterogeneity evidenced so far, prevents the use of the national instrumental earthquake catalogue for CN and M8S application in Italy and poses serious concern on the results that could be obtained from CSEP-TRI testing based on such input data, as expressed by Peresan et al. (2012). In addition to the standard CN and M8S application, some experiments have been performed to test the possibility of using BSI data (Bollettino Sismico Italiano) to update the UCI catalogue from 2005. The results of such experiments, are essential toward assessing the possible operational use of the BSI data for real-time prediction testing, as described hereafter.
Analysis of the stability of M8S and CN results, obtained using different input data, and different updating criteria. Stability of prediction results has been tested against the use of different input data, namely using the UCI catalogue and the catalogue obtained updating UCI by the Italian BSI bulletins since 16.04.2005. BSI is the authoritative catalogue to be used for CSEP testing over Italian territory; remarkably such bulletins are available only since April 2005, whereas earlier data (i.e. bulletins from ISIDE website) are discontinuous and heterogeneous, as described by Romashkova and Peresan (2013). A clear magnitude discrepancy is observed (Figure 1) between the UCI and BSI data during the period of their overlapping, namely 2006-2012. BSI magnitudes are systematically lower than those from UCI. The discrepancy seems to increase for larger earthquakes; in particular, the discrepancy for earthquakes M5.5+, target of predictions by M8S algorithm, is about MUCI - MBSI = 0.2 ÷ 0.4. The frequency-magnitude graphs (Figure 2) calculated for UCI for the periods before and after 16 April, 2005, and for the BSI catalogue from 16 April, 2005 confirms that BSI magnitudes are systematically lower than the UCI ones. The observations above allow us to conclude that straightforward updating of UCI by BSI starting from 16.04.2005 is not appropriate, in case the catalogue is intended to be used for prediction purposes. Keeping this problem in mind, a test application of M8S algorithm has been performed using the UCI+BSI catalogue, in order to check
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the variability of the results depending on the input catalogue change. Since the area of the CSEP region is smaller than that of the standard M8S Italy test, the M8S code has been modified so as to be applied to this restricted area. The results of the standard and modified M8S tests have been compared, evidencing that the outputs are different, although some similarity in alarm areas exists. In general the volume of alarm in M8S-CSEP test is smaller than that of the standard one. So, for example, M6.5+ test area is free from alarms starting January 2010 in M8S standard, and that starting on July 2007 till now in M8S-CSEP test. The situation is pretty similar for M6.0+ and M5.5+ magnitude ranges. The two strong earthquakes, which occurred during the period investigated, namely on 4 April 2009 in Central Italy, and on 20 May 2012 in Northern Italy, are unpredicted both in the M8S standard and M8S-CSEP test. Similar results have been obtained for CN application using the composite UCI+BSI catalogue. The analysis of the frequency-magnitude distributions within individual CN regions evidenced certain spatial heterogeneity; namely, UCI (1965-2004) data are quite comparable with BSI (2005-2010) data within the Central Region, whereas in BSI the seismicity rate is significantly lower than in UCI for Northern and Southern Regions. Data discrepancies are particularly relevant within the CN Southern Region. As a result, when using the UCI+BSI catalogue an increase in the rate of alarms is observed in the Central Region, while in the Northern and Southern Regions it reduces at the rate of additional failures to predict. Thus the use of BSI data causes a deterioration of prediction results, with respect to those obtained by rigorous prospective testing, based on the UCI catalogue only. Although the short time span of BSI data availability (about seven years) does not allow for a reliable assessment of the related predictions, the results of the preliminary data analysis and the test applications do not support the use of BSI data for update of UCI on regular basis.
1000
3.0_UCI 100 3.5_UCI 4.0_UCI 4.5_UCI
10 5.0_UCI 3.0_BSI 3.5_BSI 4.0_BSI 1 4.5_BSI 5.0_BSI
0 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Figure 1: Annual number of earthquakes above different magnitude thresholds versus time in the two datasets: UCI2001, 1972-2012, and BSI, 2006-2012. Both are selected for CSEP collection region, depth 0- 30 km. For UCI2001 magnitude Mmax is considered. The graphs for Mpriority are very similar to Mmax.
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1000
100
BSI_0512 10 UCI_0512
UCI_7205
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0 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Figure 2: Annual frequency-magnitude graphs for two catalogues in different time intervals: BSI, 16.04.2005-2012; UCI2001, 16.04.2005-2012, and UCI2001, 1972-15.04.2005.o
Finally, the stability of the results has been checked by updating predictions (and the related catalogue) with a predefined delay with respect to real-time predictions. In the case of CN algorithm application, where predictions are regularly updated every two months, the 30 days delay proposed for CSEP testing would imply missing half of the time of prospective testing. In fact half of the data would no longer be considered independent, and this would greatly reduce the significance of testing. As an example, the prediction of the 20th May Emilia earthquake (Figure 4), which refers to the CN prediction time window 1 May – 30 June 2013, would have been obtained only on June 1st, thus resulting in a “post-diction” of the event, with definitely lower scientific and practical interest. The situation is slightly different for the M8S algorithm, whose predictions are routinely updated every six months. The three standard M8S prediction tests: M6.5+, M6.0+ and M5.5, have been examined, considering their results as on July 2012 and January 2013. The comparison was fulfilled between the standard application, which uses UCI catalogue updated in real-time mode, and the “delayed” application, but using the catalogue updated with two months delay. The experiment demonstrates a fairly good stability of the results. From the results of the performed experiments it is possible to conclude that waiting up to two months for updating the input catalogue does not significantly change the M8S prediction output, but increases the risk of missing earthquakes, which may occur within the delay period.
Analysis of precursory seismicity patterns in Zagros (Iran) by CN algorithm The application of the CN algorithm has been carried out for the retrospective analysis of precursory seismicity patterns in the Zagros region (Iran), an area characterized by a complex seismotectonic setting and by remarkable seismic activity. Since CN is based on the quantitative analysis of routinely compiled earthquake catalogues, to allow its application, the global and regional catalogues available for the territory of Iran have been analysed. A data set sufficiently complete and homogeneous over a time span of about 3 decades, as required for CN application, has been compiled. In order to set up an appropriate application for prospective testing of CN algorithm in Iran, a number of tests have been performed with respect to the input catalogue, assuming different magnitude completeness levels as well as considering different magnitude thresholds for the selection of target earthquakes. Various configurations of the regionalization have been outlined according to the seismotectonic model, and it has been concluded that precursory seismicity patterns for the largest events need to be searched within the whole Zagros tectonic domain (Figure 3). Accordingly, an experiment was set up aimed at validation of intermediate- term middle-range prediction of earthquakes with magnitude M! 6.0 in the Zagros region. Starting in March 2012, CN prediction results have been routinely updated based on events with M!Mc=4.0 as they are reported in the catalogue compiled by the International Seismological Centre, ISC. Further details about CN application in Iran are available in Maybodian et al. (2013).
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Figure 3: Regionalization in Zagros used for the application of the CN algorithm, along with the seismotectonic zones defined for the seismic hazard analysis and active faults. Red dots indicate the epicentres of earthquakes with M>4 that occurred in the period 1900–2011, as reported in the ISC catalogue.
Prospective testing of Pattern Informatics algorithm in Iran and Italy In parallel, the application of further methods for the quantitative analysis of seismicity, has been attempted in order to compare the information provided by different methods. Specifically, a prospective testing of the Pattern Informatics, PI, algorithm has been set up aimed at prediction of M!5.0 earthquakes for the territory of Italy and M!6.5 earthquakes in Iran, two regions characterized by a different level of seismic activity and data completeness (Radan et al., 2013).
Figure 4: Forward forecast PI hotspot maps for M!6.5 earthquakes in Iran as on January-December 2013: a) PI-T version; b) PI-C version (Radan et al., 2013). Hot-spots (in red) and Moore-neighbors (in yellow) are possible locations for target events. The blue circle evidences the epicentre of the predicted M=7.8 earthquake (indicated by a star).
The input data used for PI application on Italian territory consist from UCI catalogue, the same used for CN algorithm (i.e. considering priority magnitude), whereas in Iran the ISC catalogue is used. Maps corresponding to two variants of PI algorithm application on Italian territory, namely PI-T and PI-C as defined by Radan et al. (2013), are routinely updated every year (at the beginning of January). The M6.1 Emilia earthquake that struck Northern Italy on May 20 2012, as well as other
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target events, were correctly located in the hotspots previously identified by PI method for Italy. Remarkably, the testing allowed for prospective prediction of the large M7.8 earthquake, which struck Iran on 16th April 2013, just after publication of the maps (Figure 4).
Determination of earthquake-prone areas (M " 5.0) in the Po plain by means of pattern recognition The nodes (objects of recognition) have been defined based on the Morphostructural Zoning (MZ) map of the region. In total, MZ delineates 102 lineament intersections and each one is treated as a node. Formally the node is defined as a circle radius of R=20 km with the centre in the relevant intersection point of lineaments. The nodes have been classified into the two following classes: (i) class D containing nodes where earthquakes M5+ may occur (namely, the earthquake prone areas); (ii) class N containing nodes where only smaller earthquakes may occur. The sample nodes for the learning stage of recognition were selected using the information on the recorded events with M # 5.0 from the updated UCI0912 catalogue.
Figure 5: Earthquake-prone areas (M " 5.0) in the Po plain. Lines depict morphostructural lineaments. Most thick lines mark first rank lineaments; thick lines show the second rank lineaments; thin lines depict lineaments of third rank. Dashed lines show supposed lineaments. Dots mark epicentres M5+ from 1093 to 2012. Circles show recognized nodes prone to M5+.
These earthquakes correlate with the intersections of the morphostructural lineaments of (Figure 5). Each node is described by a vector of values of morphometric, geological and gravity parameters measured in the node and the pattern recognition algorithm is applied to these vectors. Before application of the algorithm 102 nodes under consideration were separated into two groups: 60 nodes located in lowland environments in interiors of the Po plain and 42 nodes sited on the first rank lineaments that detach the Po plain from the surrounding mountain chains. The nodes from these groups differ significantly by values of their parameters, first of all the morphometric ones. Therefore the recognition was performed separately for each group. Figure 5 shows D nodes recognized in the Po Plain.
Line of research: Structure of the Earth with Application to Seismic and Volcanic Risk Mitigation Study of earthquake sources Applicability of the software for moment tensor determination has been demonstrated for regional events. The Baikal earthquakes 19 January, 2004 (Mw = 4.7) and 27 August 2007 (Mw=4.4) have been considered.
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Baikal earthquake, 27 August 2007. The values of the earthquake’s parameters were determined from the analysis of amplitude spectra of fundamental Love and Rayleigh modes in the period band from 30 s to 60 s and from the analysis of first arrival polarities. The surface waves were localized on seismic records by a program for frequency-time analysis. The source parameters estimates obtained are shown in Figure 6. Figure 6.1 shows the distribution of seismic stations. Four equivalent solutions obtained by inversion of surface wave amplitude spectra are presented in Figure 6.2. Two double-couples shown in figure 6.3 are obtained by joint inversion of surface wave amplitude spectra and polarities of first arrivals (6.3a) and by inversion of surface wave amplitude spectra (6.3b – one of four equivalent solutions, namely the nearest to the solution 6.3a). Both solutions are shown with first arrival polarities superimposed. The residual function for source depth is shown in figure 6.4. The depth estimate is equal to 4 km. The seismic moment for solution 6.3a is equal to 0.55·1016 Nm, and for solution 6.3b it is equal to 0.84·1016 Nm, which gives the magnitude values Mw = 4.4 and Mw = 4.5 correspondingly. It is necessary to decide, which of these two doubles-couples could be selected as optimal. The solution 6.3a is more consistent with first arrival polarities than solution 6.3b. At the same time residuals of amplitude spectra of surface waves radiated by these double- couples differ by not more than 1%. Note, that the source depth is small (4 km) compared with the radiated wavelength. In such a case the moment tensor cannot be uniquely determined from long period surface waves. There is a family of equivalent double-couples radiating long period surface waves, very similar to surface waves radiated by solution 6.3a. Solution 6.3b is one of such equivalent double-couples. This confirmed by Figure 6.5 where contour level map of residual function of surface wave amplitude spectra with respect to radiation of solution 6.3a is presented. The map is calculated for the source depth of 4 km and period equal to 40 s. The dashed line shows all double-couples, equivalent to solution 6.3a. Squares 1 and 2 are associated with solutions 6.3a and 6.3b correspondingly. These solutions have a similar surface wave radiation pattern, but solution 6.3a is more consistent with first arrival polarities. Namely this solution has been selected as the optimal one. Baikal earthquake, 19 January 2004. The values of the earthquake’s parameters were determined by analysis of amplitude spectra of fundamental Love and Rayleigh modes in the period band from 30 s to 55 s and by analysis of first arrival polarities.
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Figure 6: Results of source parameters determination for the Baikal earthquake, 27.08.2007.
The surface waves were localized on the seismic records by a program for frequency-time analysis. The source parameters estimates obtained are shown in Figure 7. The meaning of all illustrations and all notations are the same as for the earthquake of 27.08.2007 in Figure 6. The map in Figure 7.5 is calculated for a source depth of 5 km and period equal to 40 s. The depth estimate in Figure 7.4 is equal to 5 km. The seismic moment for solution 7.3a is equal to 0.15·1017 Nm, and for solution 7.3b it is equal to 0.14·1017 Nm, which gives magnitude values Mw = 4.7 in both cases. Solution 7.3a is better consistent with first arrival polarities than solution 7.3b. At the same time residuals of amplitude spectra of surface waves radiated by these double-couples differ by no more than 1.7%. The source depth for this event is small (5 km) compared with the radiated wavelength. As result solutions 7.3! and 7.3b radiate similar surface waves but at the same time only the first one is consistent with first arrival polarities. Namely solution 5.3! has been selected as the optimal.
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Figure 7: Results of source parameters determination for the Baikal earthquake, 19.01.2004. The results obtained fit with the modes of seismotectonic deformation of the crust and reflect the character of the modern tectonic movements of regions under consideration.
Stability of fault plane solutions for the major N-Italy seismic events We proposed (Brandmayr et al., 2013) a critical analysis of moment tensor solutions of the major seismic events that affected northern Italy in 2012.
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E. Brandmayr et al. / Tectonophysics 608 (2013) 525–529 527
Fig. 1. Fault plane solutionsFigure (best double couple)8: Fault determined plane by: solutions a) INPAR, inverting (best at double 10–15 s cutoff couple) period determined (details in Table 1by:); b) a) TDMT-INGV INPAR, (20 sinverting cutoff period); at c) RCMT10– (3015– 40s cut s -off cutoff period); d) CMT (40–50 s cutoff period). The beachballs are scaled to magnitude. e) Fault plane solutions determined by INPAR inverting at different cut off periods, with their confidence areas. For eachperiod; solution, source b) TDMT depth, percentage-INGV of CLVD (20 and s cut low- passoff Gaussianperiod);filtering c) RCMT period are (30 given.– Clear40 s polarities cut-off used period); to constrain d) inversionCMT are(40 given–50 (open s cut-off circles—dilatations, filled circlesperiod).—compressions). The beachballs TDMT solutions are are scaled reported to for magnitude. comparison in the e) rightmost Fault column,plane withsolutions the filling determined of the beachballs by denoting INPAR the percentage inverting of at CLVD component. different cut off periods, with their confidence areas. For each solution, source depth, percentage of CLVD and low pass Gaussian filtering period are given. Clear polarities used to constrain inversion are given (open circles—dilatations, filled circles—compressions). TDMT solutions are reported for comparison in the peaks and the mechanismrightmost solution column, presents with a 43% ofthe CLVD. filling If the of STF the is beachballs3.3. Geodynamic denoting insight the percentage of CLVD component. constrained to two sub-intervals, 0–3 s and 3–6 s, the source depth re- trieved remains shallow (8 km, quite in agreement with the 6 km re- The major strike–slip component observed in the deeper events of trieved by TDMT) butInverting the still large full percentage waveforms of CLVD at regional for both distancethe May seismic using sequence the non (15–-25linear km of method depth, see Table named 1), obtained INPAR, we solutions obtained consideringinvestigate two period separated dependent time intervals resolution for the inverting that affects at the shorter in particular cutoff period the and solutions obviously of not shallow resolved at events. STFs (“split solutionsThis”), is a is strong mainly indicator due that to the the whole poo solutionr resolution is longer of Mzx ones, isand well Mzy in agreement components with the of geodynamic the seismic and structural tensor when unreliable. model of the area (Cuffaro et al., 2010). Actually, according to this Similar results areinverting shown for signals events 7 where and 8 ( wavelengthsFig. 3b and c significantlymodel, deep crustal exceed earthquakes, the source undergoing depth. a larger As a lithostatic consequence, respectively): the doubleinstability peaked STF affects is inverted both considering source two sepa- depth load and than fault shallow plane ones, release solution part of retrieval, their energy and with transcurrent spurious large rated time intervals.Comp In bothensated cases the splitLinear solutions Vector show percentageDipole (CLVD)slip. Moreover,components the occurrence arise. The of strike inversion–slip seismicity performed below at the cut-off of CLVD larger thanperiods the whole shorter one, and than thus we 20 consider s reveals the latter in manyEmilia cases plain different at depths between details 15 of and the 30 kmrupture is reported process, by Pondrelli which are more reliable. Furthermoresupported event 7 shows by independent high instability, with geodynamical varying et al. arguments. (2006), who extended Thus we the Italianconclude CMT dataset that inversion to the period of full source depth and mechanism changing from almost strike–slip to dip– 1977–1997. slip between the twowaveforms time intervals at (cutFig.- 3offb), period while event as short 8 shows as possibleThe deepening should be of thepreferred. hypocenters, observed in the spatial distribu- minor instability (Fig. 3c). tion of the aftershocks associated to the May events by Ventura and Di
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Estimation of seismic hazard and risks for Italy based on Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes Parameters A, B, and C of the Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes (USLE) obtained on a regional scale and Italian seismic data were used to provide seismic hazard maps in terms of maximum of expected intensity with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years. The standard SCE algorithm was applied to each grid point of the same regular 0.2°$0.2° mesh for the territory of the Apennine peninsula and the Alpine zone where there are maps containing official (PGA) and neo-deterministic seismic hazard (NDSHA) estimates. Specifically, the USLE coefficients were obtained for two spatial hierarchies: from 0-level L0 = 2° down to L3 =1/4° (S1) and from L0 =1° down to L3 =1/8° (S2). Figure 8 shows the maps of USLE coefficients of spatial hierarchy S1 evaluated in seismically active areas 1/4° $ 1/4°. The probability density distribution functions, p.d.d.f.’s, of the coefficients are shown in the same figure on the right. The logarithmic estimate of seismic activity A (normalized to a unit area of 1°$1° and one year) ranges from -1.8 to -0.6, which corresponds to the range of recurrence of magnitude 5.0 earthquakes from once in 100 years to one in 3 years. The highest values are being observed in the Dolomite Alps, Apennines and Eastern Sicily. The recurrence of moderate earthquakes is much lower in the Western Alps. The coefficient of magnitude balance B (i.e., analogous to the b-slope of the Gutenberg-Richter graph) concentrates mainly between 0.7 and 1.0, while the fractal dimension of the earthquake epicentres locus C spreads from 0.6 to 1.6. The highest values of C are located mainly in the Western Alps and Northern Apennines, while the lowest ones are found in Sicily. The standard errors of the coefficients do not exceed 0.05 and confirm claimed accuracy of the values plotted on the maps. Using formula N(M,S)=10A´10B´(5- M) ´SC/2 for magnitude ranges from 4.0 to 6.5 with 0.5-magnitude step the expected number of events in 50 years N50(M) = 50 $ N(M) has been calculated. For each cell the maximum magnitude with the expected number N50(M, S0) = 10% or greater has been found and the intensity that corresponds to this maximum magnitude has been assigned. The intensity maps are shown in Figure 9.
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Figure 9: The USLE coefficients within the Italian territory on land, 1892-2013.07 for the spatial hierarchies S1: Logarithm of the annual number of magnitude 5 earthquakes in 1°x1°, A; magnitude balance, B; fractal dimension of the epicentre locus, C.
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Figure 10: The intensity maps in comparison: a) Iobs - obtained from real seismicity, CPTI11 catalogue, b) IDBMI04 - database of reported macroseismic data, c) IABC10%S1 – the map based on USLE computed with S1 and empirical relation Mi = 0.51I+log10H+0.35 (Karnik, 1969) with 15 km limit on depth for all cells, d) IABC10%S2 – the map based on USLE computed with S2 and relations Mi = 0.531I+0.95, if latitude > 44.0, and Mi = 0.511I+1.0, if latitude # 44.0 (Karnik, 1969), e) IDGA – NDSHA standard method map, f) IIX – the intensity IX map.
The model intensity maps presented in Figures 9c – 9f have been compared with deterministically observed earthquake effects (Figures 9a, 9b). This comparison reveals the following results and conclusions. The values of seismic intensity attributed by any model considered and reported by real data are hardly from the same distribution (the significance level is by far, less than 1%, i.e., confidence more than 99%). On the other hand the ABC10%S1 map appears to be “the best fit” among the four models available. The comparison of the model maps with the database of direct macroseismic observations demonstrates that according to the sum of error the four maps can be ordered as follows: ABC10%S2, DGA, ABC10%S1, and IX. The models based on the USLE approach appear to outscore in the moderate intensity ranges, while the model based on the NDSHA approach demonstrates good agreement with the observations for the highest intensity ranges. One can see that the constant value map, like the IIX could not be used for the seismic hazard application. The results obtained show that the USLE coefficients can be used for seismic hazard assessment and compare to other approaches, including those based on the NDSHA approach.
Seismic hazard assessment for Northern Africa North Africa is one of the most earthquake-prone areas of the Mediterranean. Many devastating earthquakes, some of them tsunami triggering, have inflicted heavy loss of life and considerable economic damage to the region. In order to mitigate the destructive impact of the earthquakes, the regional seismic hazard in North Africa has been assessed using the neo-deterministic, multi-scenario methodology (NDSHA), working jointly with scientists from the interested countries. This is the
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first study aimed at producing NDSHA maps of North Africa including five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. This research benefited from the ICTP-OEA (Trieste) Programme in the framework of the North African Group for Earthquake and Tsunami studies (NAGET) activities. The key input data for the NDSHA algorithm is earthquake sources, seismotectonic zonation, and structural models. In the preparation of the input data, it has been really important to go beyond the national borders and to adopt a coherent strategy all over the area. Thanks to the collaborative efforts of the teams involved, it has been possible to properly merge the earthquake catalogues available for each country to define with homogeneous criteria the seismogenic zones, the characteristic focal mechanism associated with each of them, and the structural models used to model wave propagation from the sources to the sites. As a result, reliable seismic hazard maps are produced in terms of maximum displacement (Dmax), maximum velocity (Vmax), and design ground acceleration (DGA, shown in Figure 8).
Figure 11 Mourabit, T.; Abou Elenean, K.M.; Ayadi, A.; Benouar, D.; Ben Suleman; A.,Bezzeghoud, M.; Cheddadi, A.; Chourak, M.; El Gabry, M.N.; Harbi, A.; Hfaiedh,M.; Hussein, H.M.; Kacem, J.; Ksentini, A.; Jabour, N.; Magrin, A.; Maouche, S.;Meghraoui, M.; Ousadou, F.; Panza, G.F.; Peresan, A.; Romdhane, N.; Vaccari,F.; Zuccolo, E. 2013. Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa. J Seismol, 21 June 2013. DOI: 10.1007/s10950-013-9375-2.
Seismic hazard assessment for CEI countries Several high-level institutions in CEI countries, led by Professor Panza have developed over the last decade a comprehensive and unique study on macroseismic data of the Vrancea region in Romania. It has been possible to obtain significant results publishes in international literature, also thanks to the CEI support of these activities through the University Network, the Science and Technology Network and the Cooperation Fund. The strongest earthquakes occurring in the region since 1940 have been examined and mapped. The study provides main information on seismic hazard related with Vrancea earthquakes and the enhancement of preventive capabilities in the related region: it also focused on the possible consequences of earthquakes, which may affect infrastructures and lifelines. The macroseismic data obtained, in fact, can be used not only for a formal comparison of the observed and theoretical isoseismals, but also for the retrieval of earthquake source properties and the assessment of local site responses. The study contributes to a sound estimate of seismic hazard, thereby reducing seismic risk in the region through the utilisation of advanced assessment methods, developed not only within CEI activities but also at DMG-UNITS and ICTP-SAND. In fact, it has been proven that standard probabilistic seismic hazard maps lead to a severe underestimation of consequential risk. The numbers of fatalities in recent disastrous earthquakes were underestimated by the world seismic
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hazard maps by approximately two to three orders of magnitude. Thus, seismic hazard maps based on the standard method cannot be used to estimate the risk to which the population is exposed in large earthquakes, as clearly demonstrated in the invited paper by UNESCO: Panza, G.F.; Peresan, A.; La Mura, C. 2013. Seismic hazard and strong ground motion: an operational neo-deterministic approach from national to local scale. Geophysics and Geochemistry, [Eds. UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee]. Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems(EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK.
International School on "Use of e-infrastructures for advanced seismic hazard assessment in Indian Subcontinent" (ISR, Gujarat, India) Nowadays it is well recognized by the engineering community that standard hazard indicator estimates (i.e. the peak seismic ground acceleration) alone are not sufficient for the adequate design, mainly for strategic buildings and critical infrastructures, when it is necessary to consider extremely long time intervals. To address the above mentioned problems, during the period 4 – 7 February the International School on the “Use of e-infrastructures for advanced seismic hazard assessment in Indian subcontinent” took place at Institute of Seismological Research in Gandhinagar. The aim of the School was to train Indian geophysicist and engineers on the application of NDSHA approach that permits to evaluate the hazard from earthquakes and tsunami, based on the physical modelling of ground shaking from a wide set of possible earthquakes. The use of NDSHA requires a large amount of computational resources, therefore the NDSHA method has recently been enabled on different computational platforms, ranging from GRID computing infrastructures to HPC dedicated cluster up to Cloud computing. More than 40 participants attended the International School with an Indo-Italian faculty composed of experts in the fields of seismic hazard assessment and advanced computation. A brief review of the seismological methodologies and different kinds of e-infrastructures currently available to solve the seismological computationally intensive problems was provided during the school, discussing advantages and drawbacks for each of them when they are used for computational needs of seismic hazard. The School was organized in the framework of a bilateral cooperation Project, funded by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Italy), which involves ISR and CSIR-CMMACS on the Indian side and ICTP SAND Group, DMG University of Trieste, and CNR-IOM on the Italian side. The project aims at developing an integrated system, with high scientific and technological content, for the definition of scenarios of ground shaking, that may provide local authorities and engineers advanced information for seismic and tsunami risk mitigation in the Gujarat region. Within such a project the computational group is in charge to provide an innovative and unique approach that can enhance the capability to effectively compute realistic scenarios of seismic ground motion by means of an intensive usage of existing Indo-European e-infrastructures and available computational infrastructures.
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Figure 12: Some participants of the International School at the Institute of Seismological Research (ISR, Gandhinagar, February 2013)
Staff and Long-Term Visitors (3 months or more) Consultants Other G.F. Panza, Italy M. Farrokhi (Iran), IIEES/ICTP Agreement
Visiting Scientists D. Bisignano, Italy G. Boyadzhiev (Bulgaria) E. Brandmayr (Italy) M. Elrayess (Egypt) A. Peresan (Italy) F. Romanelli (Italy) F. Vaccari (Italy)
In addition, there were 6 short-term (less than 3 months) visitors.
Funding Internal SAND Research Group, ICTP, %27,000 External 1. Three year agreement between ICTP and the Civil Defence of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (DGR 1459 dd. 24.6.2009): Development of innovative approaches for the modelling of the Earth structure and the seismic sources aimed at the definition of time-dependent seismic input by means of intermediate-term middle-range earthquake prediction in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region: %127.500 (%42.500/year). Received 9 December 2013 last 75%. 2. University of Trieste: % 950.
90 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 APPLIED PHYSICS TELECOMMUNICATIONS/ICT FOR DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY (T/ICT4D)
IONOSPHERIC RADIOPROPAGATION SECTION Introduction Ionospheric Radiopropagation related activities of the laboratory cover ionospheric modelling studies and 3D and time specification of the electron density in the ionosphere using experimental data ingestion including radio occultation data. These efforts are particularly oriented to assess ionospheric effects in satellite navigation and positioning using GPS, the augmentation systems developed or being developed in the USA, Europe, Japan, China and India and other areas of the world and the GALILEO system being implemented by the European Union and the European Space Agency. PhD students of the Università degli studi di Trieste (Italy) and Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) are being co-supervised and monitored by the Head of the T/ICT4D. The area of research dealing with the ionosphere of the planet Mars in collaboration with the Faculty of Physics of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid has continued in this period with the development of a 3D model of the electron density of the Martian ionosphere. In 2009, ICTP signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Boston College (USA) to promote, through T/ICT4D, activities related to satellite navigation science and technology in Africa. A series of collaborations with research groups in African universities towards the implementation of joint research activities in this field and a number of Master and PhD students enrolled in African universities are being co-supervised by the Head of the T/ICT4D with the help of other colleagues of the laboratory. It has to be noted that 24 selected papers co-authored by members of the Ionospheric Radiopropagation section of T/ICT4D have been cited 66 times during 2013 in the open literature in papers not authored or co-authored by T/ICT4D scientists (source: ISI Web of Knowledge).
Research Activities Ionospheric Model Related Studies During 2013 the work was centred in the development of advanced techniques of experimental data ingestion/assimilation in the last version of the NeQuick ionospheric model (NeQuick 2) developed by the Ionospheric Radiopropagation Section of the T/ICT4D. These techniques have the objective of providing global or regional 3D specifications of the ionospheric electron density. A paper reporting the results of the GNSS related ionospheric simulator based on the NeQuick 2 model implemented by the T/ICT4D has been published. The work has been done through a contract with Telespazio. The web front-end developed and released in 2012 to allow retrieving and plotting ionospheric parameters computed by the latest version of the model NeQuick 2, developed by the T/ICT4D laboratory (http://t-ict4d.ictp.it/nequick2) has been used and the model executed 15000 times during 2013. Through a simple web interface users can exploit all the model features including the possibility of computing the electron density and visualizing the corresponding Total Electron Content (TEC) along any ground-to-satellite straight line ray-path. In addition, using the observation and navigation RINEX files corresponding to a single receiver as input data, the
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web application allows the user to compute the slant and/or vertical TEC following the concept of the "arc-by-arc" offsets estimation developed by L. Ciraolo consultant of the T/ICT4D. The Ionospheric Radiopropagation Section of the T/ICT4D laboratory continued participating in the project “"MONitoring of Ionosphere by InnovaTive Techniques coordinated Observations and Resources” (MONITOR) financed by the European Space Agency (ESA) that ended in 2013. The T/ICT4D has developed a technique to reconstruct the 3D electron density of the ionosphere using ionospheric data on the basis of the concepts given in previous work done in the Laboratory. As a baseline approach, slant total electron content data have been assimilated into NeQuick model to provide in near real time a realistic 3D specification of the ionosphere electron density for the area of interest. The possibility to use additional ionospheric data like ionosonde derived peak parameters has also been investigated. Several tests related to ionospheric scenario production (e.g. appraisal of different interpolation schemes) have been carried out and specific assessments studies concerning the NeQuick model Galileo version have been also performed. Studies towards improvements of the NeQuick2 model have been carried out during 2013 looking particularly at two aspects. The first one is considering the merging of a plasmasphere model, developed by T. Gulyaeva of the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN) of the Russian Federation, into the topside of NeQuick2 model. The second one is considering a possible modification of thickness parameters in the model.
Ionospheric Effects on GNSS Positioning A series of studies on ionospheric effects on satellite (GNSS) navigation and positioning are being carried out as part of the co-supervising of PhD students of different European universities. A student of the University of Trieste (Claudia Paparini) is is finalizing her thesis on the comparison of the European augmentation system EGNOS ionospheric information with experimental data and Ionospheric Global Maps (IGM) over the Southern part of the European civil aviation ECAC region. The objective is to assess the possible use of IGM or experimental data in areas of non-monitored EGNOS data. A group of available position calculation softwares has been used for this purpose. Preliminary results have been presented at the International Beacon Satellite Symposium carried out in Bath. A student from the University of Zagreb, Croatia, (Josip Vucovic) is working on the comparison of EGNOS ionospheric data with ionospheric information obtained using the NeQuick 2 model assisted by experimental data following the technique developed in the T/ICT4D Laboratory. The objective is to assess the possible use of experimental data assisted NeQuick 2 data in areas of non-monitored EGNOS data.. The study is done for the Eastern area of the ECAC region. The study of the TEC rate of change possible effect on position at low latitudes done in collaboration with the Universidad Complutense of Madrid is continuing as part of the PhD research work of a student (Izarra Rodriguez Bilbao) of that university.
Mars Ionosphere In collaboration with the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, as part of the PhD thesis work of Beatriz Sanchez-Cano, modeling efforts to model Mars ionosphere electron density has continued with the concretition of the NeMars model. The results have been published. In the same framework a critical analysis of existing techniques to obtain total electron content (TEC) data of the ionosphere of Mars is being carried out and an improved technique is being investigated.
Contribution Agreement EC-ICTP An important European Commission (EC) Contribution Agreement with ICTP was signed in December 2012 in order to carry out the project: “Introduction of GNSS/EGNOS in Africa: Training and Preliminary Backbone Infrastructure Development” (TREGA). The aim of the TREGA project is to provide technical assistance, capacity building and provision and use of test
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equipment for the implementation of GNSS/EGNOS in Sub-Saharan Africa. This project is under the responsibility of the T/ICT4D Laboratory. The EC has stated that “The Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory of ICTP (former name of the T/ICT4D laboratory) has a long- standing experience in training in the field of GNSS” and also that “The specific knowledge of the institute (ICTP), and its experience in training people from developing countries, put this organization in a unique position for the participation in the project.” The project objectives are: • To provide training to members of the EGNOS-Africa Joint Programme Office (JPO) on different GNSS and EGNOS technology, service provision and applied legal and regulatory matters. • To select, procure and use a testing platform/software simulator as a preliminary backbone infrastructure for SBAS services in Sub-Saharan Africa. • To train a core number of African professionals to face technical problems related to the conditions of Sub-Saharan Africa, making use of the testing platform/software simulator. The 1st Session of the training for the candidates to be members of the JPO was carried out at ICTP in Trieste from 15 July to 2 August 2013. The two institutions that have collaborated in this session of the intensive all-included training carried out through Service Contracts with ICTP are the “Istituto Superiore Mario Boella” (ISMB) of Turin, Italy, and the “PiLDO Consulting S.L.” (PILDO) of Barcelona, Spain. The first session of the training was dedicated to “Space projects management” and “Legal/regulatory Aspects” An international bid has been open to procure the testing/simulation tools. The selected tools were acquired and they started being used during November 2013 by the three selected long- term trainees assisted by the T/ICT4D researchers. It has to be noted that the main aspects to be investigated with the testing/simulation tools refer to the particular ionospheric conditions found in the African low latitudes region.
ALCANTARA Initiative by ESA The European Space Agency (ESA) has a new initiative called “ALCANTARA: Ionospheric Ground Based Monitoring Network in Low Latitude Regions”. By contract ESA has assigned to ICTP, though the T/ICT4D laboratory, a Competence Survey of African Ionospheric Observations and Research in the framework of the ALCANTARA initiative. This survey, completed during 2013, was done in order to improve the understanding, characterization, monitoring and forecasting of the ionosphere in Equatorial Africa in order to benefit users from Global Navigation Satellite Services, Satellite Telecommunications, scientific research and other applications. The results were presented at a special session on the ALCANTARA initiative in the framework of the Workshop on GNSS Data Application to Low Latitude Ionospheric Research, held at the ICTP, 7-12 May 2013.
Training and Teaching Activities S. M. Radicella has continued co-supervising PhD students from Nigeria and Ethiopia with the collaboration of B. Nava and two Master students from Uganda. B. Nava and S. M. Radicella have continued supervising a student (Mubasshir Shaikh) from the Politecnico di Torino under a placement in the framework of the EC (FP7) project TRANSMIT. C. Paparini was invited to give a Seminar at the Faculty of Physics of the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, March 2013 S. M. Radicella, B. Nava and Y. Migoya-Orué, has given lectures during the Workshop on GNSS Data Application to Low Latitude Ionospheric Research, held at the ICTP in Trieste, 6-17 May 2013. B. Nava was invited to give a series of seminars on ionosphere modelling at the China Research Institute of Radiopropagation, Qingdao, China, 2-10 September 2013.
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Participation in International Programmes Y. Migoya-Orué has presented a paper in the European Geosciences Union General Assembly held in Vienna, 7-12 April 2013 S. M. Radicella has participated as invited speaker to the International Conference on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Technologies and Applications for the Development of Sub-Saharan African Countries held in Dakar, 30-31 May 2013. S. M. Radicella has participated as one Session Chair to the International Beacon Satellite Symposium held at the University of Bath, 8-12 July 2013. B. Nava has participated as invited speaker to the International Beacon Satellite Symposium held at the University of Bath, 8-12 July 2013. C. Paparini has presented a paper in the International Beacon Satellite Symposium held at the University of Bath, 8-12 July 2013. S. M. Radicella, B. Nava and C. Paparini have participated to the International IONO-SBAS meeting, Bath, 12-13 July 2013
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SECTION Introduction As in previous years activities in information technologies and wireless communications related topics covered in-house training and capacity building and in-site activities linked essentially to the use of radio systems in information and communication technologies for developing countries. Research and application activities in the area of “wireless sensors” are continuing to transfer this new technology to developing countries. The “Guglielmo Marconi ICT Wireless Laboratory” inaugurated in 2010 host training and research activities of the Section. The collaboration with the Istituto Scienze del Mare (CNR) for the establishment and control of a long distance wireless link between Venice and CNR measurement site in Adriatic Sea has continued during 2013. Training activities of the section have been intensified during 2013 as will be described below.
European Commission FP7 Project QWECI In the framework of the QWeCI project, members of the section have assisted the colleagues from University of Malawi in carrying out their participation in the project that ended in 2013.
Research Activities In 2013 research activities were focused on the following topics: 1. White Spaces identification and visualization. The switchover to digital television frees up large areas between about 50 MHz and 700 MHz. This is because digital transmissions can be packed into adjacent channels, while analogue ones cannot. This means that the band can be "compressed" into fewer channels, while still allowing for more transmissions, creating what are called White Spaces in the radio spectrum. It is widely recognized that white spaces identification is an important milestone for the wide deployment of next generation cognitive wireless networks. Building upon cheap hardware equipment, the T/ICT4D section has developed a technique to sense the environment and identify which frequencies are not being used in a particular place and time-of-the-day. This technique has been demonstrated valid and has been used in several countries (Malawi, Zambia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Thailand). In September 2013, following the White Spaces identification activity, Direct Engineering
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Assistance in Malawi has been put in place with the goal of studying the performance of TVWS devices in harsh conditions. The research is still under evaluation. 2. Ubiquitous Sensor Networking for Development (USN4D). Research carried out in previous years on the use of Wireless Sensor Networks for Development was continued. 3. Community Cloud Services. The CLOMMUNITY project aims at addressing the obstacles for communities of citizens in bootstrapping, running and expanding community-owned networks that provide community services organized as community clouds. That requires solving specific research challenges imposed by the requirement of: self-managing and scalable decentralized infrastructure services for the management and aggregation of a large number of widespread low-cost unreliable networking, storage and home computing resources; distributed platform services to support and facilitate the design and operation of elastic, resilient and scalable service overlays and user-oriented services built over these underlying services, providing a good quality of experience at the lowest economic and environmental cost. ICTP has concentrated in making sensor data available in community clouds.
Training and Teaching Activities M. Zennaro, C. Fonda and E. Pietrosemoli have participated as lecturers in the Workshop on Applications of Wireless Technologies held in Bogota, 4-15 February 2013 (ICTP calendar activities). M. Zennaro, C. Fonda and E. Pietrosemoli have participated as lecturers in the Workshop on Wireless Networking for Science in Africa held in Trieste, 11-22 March 2013 (ICTP calendar activities).
Participation in International Meetings M. Zennaro and E. Pietrosemoli have participated in the TV White Spaces Africa Forum 2013, Dakar, 30-31 May 2013 M. Zennaro has participated in the Global Symposium for Regulators 2013, Warsaw, 1-5 July 2013 M. Zennaro and E. Pietrosemoli have participated in the International Summit for Community Wireless Networks, held in Berlin, 2-4 October 2013, presenting the ClOMMUNITY project. M. Zennaro and E. Pietrosemoli have participated as session coordinators and instructors in the WALC 2013, Managua, 14-18 October 2013. M. Zennaro and E. Pietrosemoli have participated as instructors and presented papers in the IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, San Josè (USA), 20-23 October 2013 M. Zennaro and Andres Garcia Moret have participated and presented papers in the 5th Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium, 28-31 October 2013. M. Zennaro has participated as invited speaker at the 3er Congreso Internacional de Espectro, Bogotá, 12-13 November 2013. M. Zennaro has participated and presented a paper in the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD2013), 7-10 December 2013.
Funding Ionospheric Radiopropagation activities, ICTP Regular Funds, !10,000 Ionospheric Radiopropagation activities, Other institutions, !1,015,000 Wireless Communications, ICTP Regular Funds, !61,000 Wireless Communications, Other Institutions, !125,000 (includes support for conferences participation of M. Zennaro and E. Pietrosemoli)
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Staff and Long-Term Visitors (3 months or more) Researchers Visiting Scientists B. Nava, Italy Katy Alazo Cuartas, Cuba M. Zennaro, Italy Claudia Paparini, Italy C. Fonda, Italy Andrés Garcia Moret, Venezuela
Consultants S.M. Radicella, Italy/Argentina (Head of T/ICT4D) Y.O. Migoya Orué, Argentina E. Pietrosemoli, Venezuela L. Ciraolo, Italy
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APPLIED PHYSICS PHYSICS OF THE LIVING STATE
ASTROBIOLOGY Introduction Astrobiology overlaps both the space sciences and life sciences. It is concerned with the study of the origin and evolution of life in the universe (life sciences), as well as with the distribution and destiny of life in the universe (space sciences). The combined efforts of Abdus Salam, Cyril Ponnamperuma and the present promoter of astrobiology established this field at ICTP in 1991. Research, seminars and conferences in bioastronomy have attracted and continue to attract scientists to the Centre.
Research Activities Research in the Applied Physics Section has so far has been restricted to the satellites—moons— of the Solar System. Our earlier work profited from the remarkable discovery of several oceans on the icy moons of Jupiter, which were explored in the period 1995-2003 by the Galileo Mission. Our first association with the exploration of the Galilean satellite was with a technology suggested in our early collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Even though we were profoundly attracted to the technology, we no longer consider it to be realistic, due to the limited budgets of the main space agencies and technical difficulties encountered subsequently. We insisted on a newer technology, the penetrators, in collaboration with the UK Penetrator Consortium. The forthcoming mission of the European Space Agency (ESA): "JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer" (JUICE) with launching set for the 2020s has not included penetrators in the limited payload restricted to 11 instruments. In collaboration with the MLab (Chela-Flores et al., 2013) we have suggested a possible alternative, taking advantage of the approved miniaturized instrument being developed at the University of Bern (the Particle Environmental Package, PEP). This technology has already an impressive heritage in previous solar system exploration, especially on the Moon. PEP has integrated the necessary, for our purposes, neutral gas and ion mass spectrometer-time of flight instrument. In our collaboration, we have suggested that the above-mentioned approved miniaturized instrument can still perform the test for habitability of Europa that has been the main objective of the Astrobiology sector of the Applied Physics Section during 2006-2011.
Training Activities Supervision of Associate Members of ICTP and Committee for the Selection of Associate Members For ICTP's Physics of the Living State Programme, there was a review of all the applications of candidates in the various Association Schemes in the areas of astrobiology, biophysics and neurophysics.
Participation in International Meetings Crawford, I.A., Bowles, N., Jaumann, R., Joy, K., Anand, M., Besse, S., Bottke, B., Bray,V., Burchell, M., Carpenter, J., Chaussidon, M., Chela-Flores, J., Coates, A., Cockell, C., D’Arrigo, P.,
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de Vera, J.-P., Falcke, H., Fernandes, V. A., Fritz, J., Gao, Y., Ghent, R., Glotch, T., Grady, M., Grande, M., Grindrod, P., Gutiérrez, J., Hiesinger, H., Klein-Wolt, M., Knapmeyer, M., Kring, D., Magna, T., Marty, B., Monchieri, E., Osinski, G., Smith, A., Spohn, T., Teanby, N., van Gasselt, S., Wieczorek, M., Wright, I., Werner, S., van Westrenen, W., Wilson, L., Wimmer- Schweingruber, R. F., Wuennemann K. and Wurz, P. (2013). Lunar Science as a Window into the Early History of the Solar System, ESA Science and Technology, Cosmic Vision. Science Themes for the L2 and L3 missions, Presentation meeting 3-4 September 2013 Institut Océanographique de Paris, Paris, France. http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/ESA_White_Papers_for_Science_Themes_for_L2_and_L3_Missions .pdf Chela-Flores, J. Andrés Cicuttin, María Liz Crespo and Claudio Tuniz (2013). Biogeochemical fingerprints of life: From Antarctica ecosystems to the Galilean moons. A videoconference at the International Conference on Biogeosciences. Universidad Central de Las Villas, Cuba, November, 4-7. The podcast of the complete 26-minute talk is available at http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/chelaflores.html Chela-Flores, J. (2013e). The ICTP iTunes U Hace 3.800 millones de años. 2. La búsqueda de nuestros orígenes en el polvo de las estrellas: Viajes imaginarios en el cosmos y hacia nuestro pasado. AstroCaibarien-2013: National Astronomy Meeting, Cuba, November 8. Chela-Flores, J. (2013d). Origen y distribucion de la vida en sistemas solares. XVI Jornadas de Biologia y Quimica. Universidad Catolica Andres Bello, Caracas, 27 Noviembre 2013. A video conference at http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/ss332.
Organization of scientific events International Workshop on Chemical Evolution and Origin of life, 21-23 March, 2013, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247 667, India. Member of the International Advisory Board. BIOGEOSCIENCES - 2013. November 4 - 9, 2013. Venues: Universidad Central ‘’Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas (Santa Clara) and Centre for Research of Coastal Ecosystems (Cayo Coco). Cuba. Local Organizers: Rolando Cardenas, Reinaldo Rojas, Adan Zuñiga and Vicente Berovides. Member of the International Advisory Board.
Reviewer The International Journal of Astrobiology
Services Within ICTP Adjunct to the Office of External Activities of the ICTP Revision of all the work done by the OEA during the period 2010-2013. (a) Collaborated in the 2012 Annual Report (February 2013) and preparation for the 2013 Annual Report. (b) An ongoing preparation of an 8-Year Review (2006-2013) of the Office activities.
Collaboration with ICTP Publications Office In the production of videos for Science Communication La búsqueda de nuestros orígenes en el polvo de las estrellas (in Spanish). A search for our origins in star dust (in English).
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These videos are on ICTP PIO You Tube. In addition, the same videos are found, together with an Italian version, in iTunes.ictp.tv, Section ICTP World.
Collaboration with University of Trieste Chela-Flores, J. (2013a). Alla ricerca di vita in ambienti estremi. Invited lecture at the University of Trieste at the Paleontology Course of Professor Nevio Pugliese. 15 May 2013 (75 pp.)
Science Communication Chela-Flores, J. (2013b). Astrobiologia/ Un’anteprima del futuro della Terra nello “specchio” dei pianeti extrasolari. 7 October. http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Scienze/2013/10/7/astrobiologia-Un-anteprima-del-futuro- della-Terra-nello-specchio-dei-pianeti-extrasolari/432927/
Staff and Long-Term Visitors Staff Associate Julian Chela-Flores, Venezuela
BIOPHYSICS Introduction Biophysics has always been the subject of genuine interest for an appreciable number of ICTP scientists that belong to the Associate Member Programme, an area of interest at the ICTP whose activities go back to 1980. However, there is a recent additional extension of the traditional focus on biophysics at the ICTP life sciences program. The Centre has imprinted a robust growth in computational systems biology, through its quadrennial 2010-2014 ICTP Strategic Plan (http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/strategic_plan.pdf). In the biophysics sector of the Applied Physics Section we have made preliminary progress in this direction (cf., publications). http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/strategic_plan.pdf
Research Activities The root of the quantitative analysis in the life sciences (before the advent of approaching the study of systems from a holistic point of view) goes back even before the emergence of molecular biology. A microscopic approach to biology was due to the strong influence of other physical methods starting with crystallography. An additional reason for the present widespread re- emergence of quantitative biology is partly due to advanced physical techniques that have allowed the systematic study of all the main macromolecules of life (Fig. 1): proteins, nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, and the molecules of the cell membrane, especially phospholipids that make up its corresponding bilipid layer. Today, both their origin and their structure are within reach of scientific research, since astrobiology has made significant progress in relation with the origin of the molecules of life, and computational biology, especially systems biology, has also made considerable progress in data collection, storage and analysis.
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Fig. 1: The molecules of life, proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids, their origin and structure are topics that are of current interest of the Applied Physics Programme of Physics of the Living State. Credit: NASA / Jenny Mottar
Computational systems biology attempts to produce a more holistic understanding of biology. This approach aims to construct a network of interacting processes that can be related to the information sciences. In a closely connected development, the widespread re-emergence of a systems biology approach was also due to the availability of computers that facilitated both the acquisition of large data banks in genes, proteins and metabolism. It has not been possible to encompass all areas of biology, but one of its sub-fields, astrobiology, has been especially of interest during 2013 (see publications list).This effort has been possible due an achievement in instrumentation: Kepler Mission in heliocentric orbit had the capability until 2013 of scanning some 150,000 stars in the local neighbourhood of our galaxy in the search of extra-solar Earth-like habitable worlds (cf., Fig. 2).
Fig. 2: The Kepler mission (that ended its productive life in 2013) is a NASA space observatory in heliocentric orbit trailing the Earth. This is a major instrument in the search for possible habitats where life could prosper in terrestrial- like planets. These exoplanets can be discovered by looking for a periodic dimming in stellar brightness, caused by a planet passing in front of a star. Image: courtesy NASA.
Geophysical data, rather than data banks of biological information, will provide a gradual emergence of the living phenomenon. Subsequently, with better missions and with improved instrumentation, this identification of life as a complex cosmic system can be extended from a sector of our galaxy. It will be at this level that the repertoire of methods of computational systems biology will be necessary. As suggested in a systems astro-biological approach, the batch of Kepler data that was obtained before its end in mid 2013 will be particularly relevant for adding yet another factor in defining habitability 2 and eventually defining life itself. Kepler worlds that have more favourable options for habitability will be recognised. The distribution of systems of habitable worlds with their biomarkers will be testable in the short term with forthcoming space missions such as the Fast INfrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINNESSE) with launching expected in 2016. In 2013 we suggested a way to anticipate, organize and interpret the data that is provided by Kepler, as well as the data that is to
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come in the post-Kepler era. This, in turn, would justify subsequent use of the more powerful methods from the repertoire of quantitative systems biology.
Training Activities Review All the candidates in the various Association Schemes of the ICTP (Junior, Regular or Senior) in the area of biophysics. Selection and supervision of Associate Members in Biophysics Currently, there are 16 Associate Members in Biophysics & Systems Biology. Out of this group the following participated actively in this area of research during 2013: Junior Associate Folasade Mayowa Olajuyigbe from Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, NIGERIA. Her research topic is Biocrystallography studies of drug resistant mutants of HIV protease. Regular Associates Ganiyu Oboh’s research concerns the structure-function relationship of polyphenols from some tropical plant foods. He works at Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. He is a Regular Associate. His Applied Physics seminar was scheduled for 30 October 2013: " The Role Of Dietary Polyphenols In Hypertension Management". Senior Associate Pius Mpiana Tshimankinda from the University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Biophysics paid a visit to the Centre. At the end of this period he delivered a seminar to the Applied Physics Section: "Of Medicinal Plants And Sickle Cell Disease". This event took place on 25 September 2013.
Participation in International Programmes Meetings Bhattacherjee, A. B., Chela-Flores, J. and Dudeja, S. (2013). From chemical evolution on Earth to instrumentation issues for testing systems astrobiology on exo-worlds. International Workshop on Chemical Evolution and Origin of Life. ITT Roorkee, 21 – 23 March 2013. Chela Flores, J. (2013a). Systems astrobiology for a reliable biomarker on exo-worlds. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-1327-1, 2013 EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/ss314.html
Services Within ICTP Coordination of Seminars on Physics of the Living State (Biophysics, including Systems Biology) Synchronization as a survival strategy of biological systems - from cellular slime mold to crystal growth. Seido Nagano. Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan University, Japan. 3 May 2013. Quantum effects in biological systems Sisir Roy. Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India. 4 July 2013
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Digital image quality analysis in dental panoramic studies: results of two projects. Marlen Perez Diaz Central University of Las Villas, Medical Imaging Laboratory, Santa Clara, Cuba. 4 September 2013 Optimized thermal lens method and applications. Humberto Cabrera. Applied Optics Laboratory, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Merida, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. 16 October 2013 Regulation of cellular processes: from pathways to multi-cell systems. Somdatta Sinha Computational Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Mohali, India. 13 November 2013
Staff and Long-Term Visitors (3 months or more) Staff Associate Julian Chela-Flores, Venezuela
NEUROPHYSICS Introduction Neuroscientists focus on the brain, psychologists on the mind. In this area, physicists have approached computational aspects of neuron interactions. The hope has been of building computational models of biologically plausible artificial neural networks that can mimic certain aspects of the brain. The recent advances in determining the structure of molecules has given molecular biology a central role in the progress of molecular neuroscience. This is exemplified by the structure of the neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel transmembrane region. Neurophysics has been developed at ICTP through a series of colleges and symposia in collaboration with other institutes, in which many participants from developing countries and industrialized nations have been brought up to date in their areas of expertise. It was also possible to consider this subject in the broader context of neuronal structure and function, as well as addressing important issues of perception, learning, memory and their computational aspects by the assumption of simplified models. Some aspects of neurophysics are closely connected with the objectives of the Biophysics Programme of Physics of the Living State. One example is provided by the epoch-making contributions of Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley, a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated. The HH quantitative model is a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that approximates the electrical characteristics of excitable cells especially, but not exclusively, those of the nervous system.
Research Activities The activities of research and development are implemented by our Associate Members in the following areas: the dynamics and function of cellular signalling pathways and cerebral cortex, functional magnetic resonance imaging, biophysical models, image fusion, image-guided neurosurgery and computational neurosciences.
Training Activities Selection and Supervision of Associate Members of ICTP The review of all the candidates in the various Association Schemes of the ICTP (Junior, Regular, or Senior) in the area of neurophysics.
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Staff and Long-Term Visitors (3 months or more) Staff Associate Julian Chela-Flores, Venezuela
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APPLIED PHYSICS MEDICAL PHYSICS
ICTP activities in the field of Medical Physics for 2013 can be divided into three main areas: Training Activities In 2013, the following training activitieswere conducted: • 6 September - 27 September Joint ICTP-IAEA Training in Radiation Protection of Patients, with 16 Lecturers and 31 Participants • 30 September - 4 October Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Medical Applications with 8 Lecturers and 21 Participants • 5 November - 6 December Training Course on Medical Physics for Radiation Therapy: Dosimetry and Treatment Planning for Basic and Advanced Applications with 21 Lecturers and 24 Participants • 9 December - 13 December Joint ICTP-IAEA International Training Workshop on Accuracy Requirement and Uncertainty in Radiation Therapy with 6 Lecturers and 23 Participants In the past, the training activities organized by ICTP (excluding the Joint ICTP-IAEA Schools) covered Imaging aspects during the three-week College on Medical Physics, organized every second year. Radiotherapy, extremely important aspect in medical physics, had not recieved much attention. In 2013, the ICTP organized its first training activity in radiotherapy, with the cooperation of the Trieste and Udine Hospitals. The call for participation was an extraordinary success with 380 applications. This was a clear sign that there exists a great demand for courses in radiotherapy, especially in developing countries. Financial constraints limited the number of participants to only 24. The number of applications suggests that having a regular activity in Radiotherapy may be important for the field.
Visits of Associate Members In 2013, 12 Associate Members--8 Regular and 4 Junior--visited ICTP, for a total of 760 days. Apart from participating in the Training Activities in Medical Physics during their period of stay, they interacted with the Medical Physics Services of local hospitals in Trieste and Udine, or with physicists working at the Trieste University and ELETTRA. Four new Regular Associates and one Simons Associate have been appointed in the field of Medical Physics.
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New Initiative: The Joint ICTP-UNITS Master in Medical Physics The discussion and preparation of a master in medical physics started already a few years ago, also after the strong suggestion of the IAEA and of the International Association in Medical Physics. Since ICTP cannot confer formal degrees, it has collaborated with the University of Trieste (UNITS) in 2013 to offer a Joint Master. It took more than a year to define all the didactic and bureaucratic aspects. The courses duration for the master's degree is 2 years, with the first year dedicated to lectures and practicals in Trieste (at the Hospital and at the ICTP), and a second year dedicated to residency for practical training in one of the host hospitals. More than 10 hospitals in Northern Italy and in other neighbouring countries have agreed to host the master students for the second year. The scientific-didactic programme has been prepared following the guidelines prepared by the IAEA, and taking into account the UNITS rules concerning master courses. In May 2013, a call for applications was issued, with a deadline of August 31; the programme received more than 250 applications. Taking into account both the criteria of competence and the amount of funds available for fellowships, a total of 17 students were pre-registered for the master at UNITS; of these, 13 were later registered for the master with UNITS. Regular classes for programme started Monday, 3 February 2014, and there was a formal inauguration on Wednesday, 5 February with officials from the province of Trieste, and scientific and academic authorities in attendance.
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APPLIED PHYSICS FLUID DYNAMICS
Introduction The ICTP Fluid Dynamics Laboratory is a world-class research facility whose activities range from quantum to classical fluid flows and whose centrepiece is an apparatus capable of producing ultra-high levels of controlled buoyancy-driven turbulence. It operates at a temperature of near-absolute zero and provides high-resolution data for fundamental studies of turbulent fluid dynamics.
The ICTP cryogenic convection apparatus, shown with Marcelline Essoun, a STEP student from Benin who completed her PhD degree in 2011 with J. Niemela, working on analytical models of rotating turbulent convection.
Research Activities Atop a rotating platform, ICTP’s turbulent convection experiment provides insight into fundamental processes characteristic of many large-scale natural phenomena, like atmospheric and solar convection, in a range of control parameters not possible elsewhere. Recent experiments have taken particular advantage of the possibility to apply more realistic boundary conditions, particularly the more two-dimensional aspect ratios characteristic of natural extended systems while not sacrificing large values of the principal dynamic control parameter. Taking rotational effects also to the limits, combined with high precision measurements has allowed us to explore the transition from weakly turbulent flow to a rotationally dominated geostrophic regime. Some additional recent work has centred on the nature of turbulent diffusion using novel experiments that propagate thermal waves into the turbulent bulk flow. These experiments rely on the relative absence of thermal mass of metals at low temperatures and would be very difficult with conventional room temperature fluids and apparatus. Since the range of parameters is not available to fully resolved numerical simulations, the experiment provides important input for guiding advances in theoretical modelling of important flows in nature and engineering. The laboratory has been established as a Transnational Access Facility within the European High Performance Infrastructures in Turbulence Consortium, established under an EU FP7 Framework grant established in 2012. Recently, the laboratory underwent some transformations, adding a new line of research in analogue gravity experiments. Analogue (fluid) models of gravity provide an experimentally accessible system to study aspects of a superradiance process (Penrose effect); these fluid dynamical experiments are the connection between the Applied Physics Laboratory at Elettra, the Astrophysics group at SISSA, and the Department of Physics at Nottingham University as well as Elettra scientists. To date, a completed flow apparatus has been successfully commissioned and work with one Ph.D. student has commenced.
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New draining vortex flume delivered in late 2012 to the ICTP Applied Physics laboratory at Elettra to be used for the analogue gravity experiments. It is shown here in the initial stages of setup after delivery.
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APPLIED PHYSICS ANCHOR OPTICS RESEARCH (AOR) PROGRAMME
ICTP organizes its optics research under the Anchor Optics Research (AOR) Programme, encompassing collaboration with the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) and INFN. Research activities are presently centred in collaborating laboratories in INFN and Elettra. The purpose of the research, which is co-funded by SPIE, is to use high-power, narrow line-width mid-IR laser light for both spectroscopy and for accurate measurements of the proton charge radius, based on resolving hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen. The two methods being investigated are the use of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) that is tuneable in the mid-it range, and difference frequency generation (DFG), taking advantage of improvements in nonlinear crystals. The laboratory activities have involved researchers from Italy (ICTP, INFN, Sincrotrone Trieste) Bulgaria, Togo, Ghana, and India. Researchers from developing countries were supported through ICTP’s STEP, TRIL, and Associates Programmes. Elettra joined as a partner to the Quantum Cascade Laser project in 2012, making available resources and personnel from the laser laboratory.
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APPLIED PHYSICS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RELATED THEORY
Introduction The aim of the group is to perform theoretical research and training in areas of condensed matter and applied physics that are experimentally investigated by synchrotron radiation (SR). There is close collaboration with experimentalists at the nearby SR source, Elettra, and at other similar facilities. Within the relatively large scope of problems that fall under this description, the group has two main focuses of activities. The first field of activities is the investigation of electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of systems with strong electron correlations, including transition-metal oxides and related materials. The second main area of interest is the physics of low-dimensional systems and nanostructures.
Research Activities The main activities/results in 2013 include: Reversible rippling and bonding of graphene on a square lattice The group has performed a dispersion-corrected density-functional-theory study to address the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the formation of a new chemisorbed buckled graphene phase on Ir(001), recently discovered at Elettra. This new phase exhibits exceptionally large one- dimensional graphene ripples with regular nanometer periodicity and can be reversibly transformed into a flat physisorbed graphene in a temperature-controlled process involving surprisingly few C-Ir bonds. Based on the calculated trends of the chemisorption and rippling energy, the occurrence of a chemisorbed graphene phase with a specific nanoscale rippling periodicity was explained. The influence of the graphene curvature on its electronic properties and ability to bind to the substrate has also been investigated. A new feature was found in the conduction density-of-states spectrum, close to the Fermi energy. The corresponding states were identified as the ones largely responsible for the strong local chemisorption of graphene. Magnetic behaviour in 3d–transition-metal layered structures The quest for magnetic storage devices with increased storage density and having room temperature stability has boosted interest in the properties of nanostructured magnetic solids and in particular in their magnetic anisotropy. A first-principles study has been carried out to address the dependence of the magnetic anisotropy of Co layered structures on in-plane strain [R. F. Neumann and N. Binggeli]. The results indicated a substantial tunability of the magnetic anisotropy energy for realistic in-plane strain conditions, including sign reversal of the magnetic anisotropy. The ab intio study was complemented by a model description of the magnetic behaviour based on microscopic orbital polarization.
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Training Activities The 16th International Workshop on Computational Physics and Materials Science: Total Energy and Force Methods; Organizers: C. Filippi, R. M. Martin, and N. Binggeli; January 10 – 12, 2013, ICTP. Hands-on Tutorial on Electronic Structure Computations; Organizers: S. Moroni and N. Binggeli; January 14-18, 2013, ICTP. Coordination of the ICTP-Elettra users programme and of the ICTP-IAEA sandwich training and educational programme (N. Binggeli) Participation in the teaching of the ICTP Diploma programme in condensed matter physics (N. Stojic, N. Binggeli)
Staff and Long-Term Visitors Professional Staff Postdoctoral Fellow N. Binggeli, Switzerland M. Imam, India
Long-term visiting scientist PhD Student N. Stojic, Croatia R. Neumann, Brazil, STEP student
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APPLIED PHYSICS ICTP Multidisciplinary Laboratory (MLAB)
Introduction The MLAB was formerly the Microprocessor Laboratory, created in 1985 as a joint venture between ICTP and INFN, represented by Prof. Abdus Salam and Prof. Nicola Cabibbo respectively, with the aim of having a laboratory for training, research and development in the field of microelectronics and open to scientists from developing countries. Today, the MLAB promotes cross-cutting experimental activities based on advanced instruments and involving external collaborations. The principle collaboration occurs through the INFN Trieste section and Sincrotrone Trieste (Elettra) for research-related activities and with the IAEA for training. For the latter, hands-on training is the rule, using both simple and advanced instruments as appropriate. The experience gained through experimental training strengthens the ability of developing country scientists to both propose and to conduct research under the prevailing conditions in their home countries. The main MLAB activities are aimed at advanced detectors—taking advantage of in-house experience in readout and data processing systems—as well as X-ray imaging and analysis. Specifically these are: 1. Detector development (with INFN Trieste) and related activities in digital electronics and especially FPGA applications 2. X-ray imaging and analysis for cultural heritage (with Elettra) In (1) above, the MLAB collaborates with the INFN R&D project ReDSoX (Research Drift for Soft X-ray) started in 2013, that focuses on the development of large area silicon detectors based on the drift technology along for detection of low energy X-ray photons. The detectors will provide spatial and spectroscopic information for applications in various fields such as soft X-ray astrophysics, medicine, environment monitoring, and advanced light sources (synchrotrons and free electron lasers). The project also involves development of custom low-power ultra low-noise CMOS IC analog front end electronics and novel readout electronics in the hands of MLAB technical personnel. The project has a connection with Sincrotrone Trieste to develop customized and affordable beam-line detectors. The main advantage is the capture of photons from a larger solid angle. The sensor read-out is accomplished by the front-end ASIC developed by the XDXL collaboration for the large-area linear SDD [10]. The signal processing system is being optimized to match the characteristics of novel large area Silicon drift detectors under development between INFN and the Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy. The MLAB contributes with its expertise in FPGA technology and high performance data acquisition and processing systems, developed in the context of particle detectors in high energy physics experiments. In (2) above the MLAB is involved in the project EXACT (Elemental X-ray Analysis and Computed Tomography), funded by Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy and profiting from a collaboration with Sincrotrone Trieste. The project utilizes a portable X-ray instrument for the non-destructive study of archaeological, artistic and cultural heritage artifacts. This is an important service activity to a wider community that includes archaeologists and paleontologists, etc active in Italy and also globally, bringing the power of advanced instrumentation developed at Elettra with direct involvement at MLAB of post-doctoral researchers in these fields. The instrumentation at ICTP [11] comprises two main systems, one based on micro-computed tomography (mCT) and the other one based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and radiography.
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The MLAB scientist coordinating the work is Prof. Claudio Tuniz. Technical coordination is provided by Sincrotrone Trieste. An ICTP Associate, Dr. Ariadna Mendoza Cuevas (Cuba) is involved in the experiments as are wo post-docs, Drs. Federico Bernardini and Clement Zanolli, and a technician, Mr. Mauricio Dos Santos. During 2013, several peer-reviewed articles have been published [1, 7-9, 12-15, 17]. In addition, even more portable devices are being developed that could be more easily transported on-site, depending on the precise needs. During 2013, the MLAB in collaboration with Sincrotrone Trieste organized the first Workshop on Portable X-ray Analytical Instruments for Cultural Heritage held at ICTP from 29 April to 3 May, 2013.
Other MLAB activities carried out in 2013: a) COMPASS Experiment at CERN: In 2013, the the MLAB contributed manpower to data- taking at the CERN COMPASS experiment. b) Reconfigurable Virtual Instrumentation based on FPGA: The MLAB continued refinements and training on reconfigurable virtual instrumentation (RVI) systems using programmable logic devices that could provide low-cost reusable hardware and software platforms. An International Training Workshop on FPGA Design for Scientific Instrumentation and Computing was held at ICTP from 11 to 22 November 2013. From October to November 2013, the short-tem guest scientist Prof. Carlos Sosa Paez (National University of San Luis, Argentina) collaborated in the preparation of tutorials and demos on digital signal processing with FPGA. The MLAB also organized an Expert Meeting on Scientific Applications of FPGA Technology: Challenges and Opportunities, held at ICTP from 15 to 16 November 2013, with the participation of about 20 FPGA experts from academic and research institutions from Latin America, Asia, and Europe. The purpose was to review and discuss challenges and opportunities of scientific applications of modern FPGA technology.
Expert Meeting on Scientific Applications of FPGA Technology 2013
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Another application of FPGA developed in 2013 was a high channel Count system for electrophysiology, HiCCE-FMC-128, which is an Open-Hardware/Software project, released under the CERN Open Hardware license (http://www.ohwr.org/projects/hicce-fmc-128), in which MLAB personnel helped to develop a prototype device for certification in the US as a medical device, in conjunction with a former ICTP scientist, Marcelo Magnasco, presently at Rockefeller University. The main goal of HiCCE-FMC-128 is the development of a high performance recording system, based on a FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC), for bioelectric signals including neural action and local field potentials, electroencephalography, electrocardiography, electrocorticography, etc. The software related to the first prototype (figure 2) was developed at the MLAB.
The HiCCE-128 FMC Board c) In the framework of the project: Advanced Instrumentation for the Electrical Characterization of Mesoscopic Solar Cells, initiated in 2013 by Dr. Carlos Meza Benavidez (Senior Post-Doc) from the Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), two students Stephanie Barrantes Pacheco and Wendy Reyes Rojas (TEC) worked at MLAB during November 2013 in the FPGA implementation of a gradient estimator for photovoltaic power converters. d) Dense Plasma Focus Device The dense plasma focus (DPF) is a relatively inexpensive, non-radioactive, compact and efficient source of plasma and radiation. DPF specific applications include characterization of nano-technology materials, dynamical defectoscopy of moving or rotating objects, materials testing, explosives and other illicit materials detection, and production of isotopes for medical diagnosis and cancer therapy. It is operated with an ICTP Staff Associate Prof. Vladimir Gribkov, from the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, and Dr. Ryszard Miklaszewski from the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), Warsaw, Poland. From February to April 2013, The Emerging Nations Science Foundation (Trieste, Italy) gave three months of support to Dr. Azza Ahmed Talab from the Nuclear Research Center of Egypt, to
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 113 receive training at MLAB and collaborate with Prof. Gribkov in several irradiation experiments in the framework of the IAEA CRP on “Investigations on Materials under High Repetition and Intense Fusion Pulses”. e) Portable X-ray Diffractometer for Non Destructive Analysis A portable X-ray diffractometer has been under development at the MLAB. It is an innovative analytical instrument for non destructive studies of complex materials, having high spectroscopic and angular resolution.
Portable diffractometer mounted on an optical table The electromechanical system allows moving the X-ray source and the detector independently each other. The mechanic angular resolution of each stage is better than 70 x 10-6 Radian, and the use of high precision contact switches (~ 1um) allows the determination of the home position of the stages with excellent accuracy and repeatability. A laser-based remote distance sensor allows positioning the material point of analysis with a precision of about 30 microns.
Media coverage of published papers Bernardini F. et al. (2013), Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 2152-2160 National Geographic Italia, Scoperto A Trieste Il Più Antico Accampamento Romano. Http://Www.Nationalgeographic.It/Popoliculture/2013/01/22/News/Scoperto_A_Trieste_Il_ Pi_Antico_Accampamento_Romano-1472588/ Corriere della Sera, Scienze, Sul Carso uno dei più antichi accampamenti military romani. http://www.corriere.it/scienze/13_gennaio_18/carso-scoperto-antico-accampamento- romano_a54c4cec-6149-11e2-8866-a141a9ff9638.shtml Il Piccolo, Gli antichi soldati romani accampati sul Carso. http://ilpiccolo.gelocal.it/cronaca/2013/01/20/news/gli-antichi-soldati-romani accampati-sul- carso-1.6379864
Bernardini F. et al. (2012), PLoS ONE 7(9): e44904 Archaeology, A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America, Volume 66, Number 1 (2013): 12, Fixing Ancient Toothaches. P.M. Fragen&Antworten 04/2013: 45, Was machten Zahnärzte in der Steinzeit?.
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Geokompakt Nr. 37 (2013): 77, Zahnheilkunde, Istrien, um 4500 v. Chr.
Training Activities Joint ICTP-TWAS Workshop on Portable X-ray Analytical Instruments for Cultural Heritage (smr2455) held at ICTP from 29 April to 3 May, 2013. Organisers: C. Tuniz, L. Mancini, M.L. Crespo, A. Cicuttin (Lecturers: F. Bernardini, A. Mendoza Cuevas, C. Zanolli) Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Advances in Digital Spectroscopy (smr2456) held at ICTP from 6 to 10 May, 2013. Directors: I. Darby, J. Niemela (Lecturers: A. Cicuttin, M.L. Crespo) School on Hands-on Research in Complex Systems (smr2471) held at ICTP from 1 to 12 July, 2013. Directors: J. Niemela, H.L. Swinney, R. Roy, K. Showalter (Experimental sessions at MLAB with the collaboration of A. Cicuttin and M.L. Crespo) International Training Course on FPGA Design for Scientific Instrumentation and Computing (smr2499) held at ICTP from 11 to 22 November, 2013. Directors: A. Cicuttin, M.L. Crespo, J. D. Dondo Preparation of the Regional Conference & FPGA School on Advanced Instrumentation (smr2641) to be held in Costa Rica from 1 to 19 December, 2014. Directors: A. Cicuttin, M.L. Crespo, C. Meza Benavides.
Activities with IAEA: International School on Nuclear Security (smr2446) held at ICTP from 8 to 19 April, 2013. Co- sponsors: the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and IAEA. Organizers: D. Lambert, C. Tuniz Joint ICTP-IAEA School on Nuclear Energy Management (smr2473) held at ICTP from 15 July to 2 August, 2013. Organizers: A. Bychkov, T. Karseka, Y. Yanev, C. Tuniz Joint ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Knowledge Management (smr2476) held at ICTP from 12 to 16 August, 2013. Organizers: M.M. Sbaffoni, A. Kosilov, C. Tuniz Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Advanced Ion Beam Techniques: Imaging and Characterization with MeV ions (smr2488) held at ICTP from 30 September to 4 October, 2013. Organizers: Aliz Simon, C. Tuniz Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Data for Analytical Applications (smr2495) held at ICTP from 21 to 25 October, 2013. Organizers: A. Gurbich, P. Dimitriou, C. Tuniz
Participation in International Programmes IAEA Coordinated Research Project (IAEA CRP) «Investigations on Materials under High Repetition and Intense Fusion Pulses» (2011-2015) that is devoted to testing of materials perspective for the main-stream fusion devices, as well as to study the Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) physics and its different applications.
Services Hardware Loan Programme: ICTP hardware platforms based on FPGA were given on loan to external collaborators through a simple written agreement for research and education purposes. Among the beneficiaries of this program there are teacher, researchers, and students from Argentina, Bangladesh, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Sri Lanka and Ukraine.
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Staff and Long-Term Visitors Professional Staff Joseph Niemela, USA (Head) Maria Liz Crespo, Argentina Technical Staff Andres Cicuttin, Italy Scientific Consultants Claudio Tuniz, Italy (part-time) Staff Associates Vladimir Gribkov, Russian Federation (part-time) Post-doctoral Fellows Federico Bernardini, Italy Visiting Scientists Ariadna Mendoza Cuevas, Cuba (part-time) Clement Zanolli, France IAEA Fellow Christian Kwasi Nuviadenu, Ghana (part-time) Administrative Staff Stanka Tanaskovic, Italy Consultant Italo Birri, Italy (part-time)
Funding The MLAB has received a 600,000 Euro grant from the local government of Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia for the project “Development of an X-Ray Portable System for Non-Destructive Analysis of Archaeological and Artistic Materials” (EXACT - Elemental X-ray Analysis and Computed Tomography). The project is divided in three phases (200,000 Euro per each phase), the first and second phases were successfully concluded, and the third and last two-year phase has started in January 2013.
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Introduction The world is facing an energy crisis, due to the excessive use of fossil fuels and the rapidly increasing price of oil. At the same time, the menace of climate change caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2 makes the replacement of these traditional energy sources an important priority. For these reasons, renewable energy and sustainability are at the core of many research efforts worldwide. While the transition to a more environmental friendly energy system poses many inter-connected challenges, one of the most important aspects is to find better and more economical ways to convert and store energy. This theme is particularly relevant for developing countries, which are often blessed with abundant natural resources and where a traditional centralized energy infrastructure does not exist nationwide. Such a situation is ideally suited for a small-scale, decentralized power supply from renewable sources. This situation has been recognized by many governments in the developing world who consequently ask their research community to work in the general field of energy science. Bridging the gap between industrialized countries and the developing world is therefore a vital task for an organization like ICTP. For this reason, renewable energy has been inscribed as one of the priorities in ICTP's five-year plan. In this report, the efforts of the new ICTP renewable energy initiative, in the year 2013, are illustrated.
Research In 2013, the research in the field of materials science has been devoted to two main projects, both based on ab-initio simulations: functional materials for photocatalysis and lithium batteries. In the field of photocatalysis, the focus is on materials that can convert solar energy into chemical energy by splitting water and/or reducing carbon dioxide. In the first project, a system composed of titanium dioxide and copper was investigated. This system is promising for the direct conversion of water and carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons using sunlight. The effect of copper on the atomic structure and the electronic structure of titanium dioxide has been investigated in the cases when copper is employed as a doping element, as small clusters and as nanometric particles at a titania surface. The atomic structure of this system, and the relation between atomic and electronic structure have been studied. Finally, water adsorption and dissociation have been simulated on a nanometric copper particle supported on a titania surface. This gives insight into the role of copper, in particular, on the role of particle shape and its orientation with respect to the titania support, in water dissociation, which is the first step of the hydrocarbon production. This work has been conducted mainly by Nicola Seriani in collaboration with ICTP postdoctoral fellow Yanier Crespo and with Carlos Pinilla (now at University College London, UK). In the second project, Nicola Seriani, Ralph Gebauer and Manh Thuong Nguyen investigated water splitting on surfaces of hematite (a-Fe2O3). The relative stability of different surface terminations for the main surface (0001) was investigated as a function of oxygen pressure and of applied bias, in presence of oxygen and water. For the most stable termination, the research team studied water splitting under photoelectrochemical conditions, with full characterization of all reaction steps leading to the formation of molecular oxygen and hydrogen. They also calculated the overpotential, a quantity linked to the efficiency of the water splitting process.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 117 Regarding lithium batteries, most of the research has involved the characterization of materials for the cathode of lithium-air batteries. The focus was on the catalyst a-MnO2 and on the interaction of lithium peroxide with the graphitic material that constitutes most of the cathode. The characterization of a-MnO2 as a catalyst for the reversible formation of lithium peroxide has been performed both through a density functional theory description and through the use of spin lattice models to describe the essential features of the magnetic behaviour. This work was carried out by Nicola Seriani in collaboration with the ICTP postdoctoral fellows, Yanier Crespo and Saptarshi Mandal, and Alexei Andreanov (Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany).
Having characterized pure and doped a-MnO2, the research team is investigating currently the interaction of a-MnO2 with oxygen and lithium. The interaction of lithium peroxide with graphitic material is crucial because it is believed that the reaction of lithium peroxide (the main discharge product in lithium-air batteries) with the carbon material is the main source of capacity loss during battery operation. This is a subject of on-going research with the ICTP Associate Regina Maphanga (University of Limpopo, South Africa). To summarize, in 2013, detailed characterization of the relevant functional materials has reached a stage where the investigation of functional properties can be safely conducted. This has in fact been partly done, with a detailed study of water splitting on hematite, and the study of water dissociation on Cu@TiO2. Future work will be aimed at extending the investigation of chemical reactions under photoelectrochemical conditions, and to start investigating the photoabsorption properties of these materials. The long-term goal is to understand relations between atomic and electronic structure, photoabsorption and photoelectrochemical behaviour. Understanding the importance of materials for energy conversion and storage work might open avenues for a more systematic approach to materials development in this field. All these projects are designed to be long-term projects, allowing the creation of sub-projects to facilitate collaborations among ICTP postdoctoral fellows, visitors and associates.
Training Activities The ICTP has been organizing or co-organizing a series of schools and workshops in the field of renewable energy in the year 2013: July 2013: Joint ICTP-NSFC School and Advanced Workshop on Modern Electronic Structure Computations in Shanghai (China). August 2013: Hands-on Workshop on Density Functional Theory and Beyond: Computational Materials Science for Real Materials in Trieste (Italy). September 2013: New trends in nanophysics and solar energy conversion in Bucharest (Romania). November 2013: Regional Workshop on Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion in Cape Town (South Africa).
Students Supervised 1) Sandip Aryal (Nepal), ICTP Diploma student, supervised by M.T. Nguyen and R. Gebauer. Title: Dependence of the hematite surface energies on the Hubbard U parameter in density functional calculations 2) Gemechis Dereje Degaga (Ethiopia), Master student at the University of Trieste, supervised by N. Seriani. Title: Ab-initio study of electronic structure and structural stability of Cu doped polymorphs of titania 3) Sadhana Chalise (Nepal), Master student at the University of Trieste, supervised by N. Seriani and S. Scandolo. Title: Vibrational properties of TiO2 nanoparticles from atomistic simulations 4) Tran Nguyen Dung (Vietnam), ICTP Diploma student, supervised by N. Seriani. Title: Ab- initio investigation of structure and electronic properties of sodium superoxide
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5) Himadriben Rajendraku Soni (India) STEP student, supervised by Prafulla K. Jha (Bhavnagar University) and N. Seriani 6) Sara Abbas (Sudan) enrolled as PhD student at the University of Khartoum (Sudan), supervised by Hisham Widatallah (Sultan Qaboos University) and N. Seriani 7) Luis Arturo Alcala Varilla (Colombia) started his PhD at the University of Cartagena, supervised by Javier Antonio Montoya and N. Seriani
International Networks: ANSOLE ICTP has helped launch the African Network for Solar Energy (ANSOLE) and is strongly supporting it since November 2011. This network is coordinating research groups in the field of solar energy all over the African continent. Currently, ANSOLE is present in 31 African countries and has roughly 600 members. With the support from ICTP, ANSOLE regularly organizes scientific meetings in the field of solar energy. Also, two student exchange schemes, the Intra-African Exchange (INEX) program and the Africa-North Exchange (ANEX) program, are active with the financial support from ICTP.
Staff 1) Ralph Gebauer, Coordinator of the renewable energy programme, ICTP research scientist, Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics section. 2) Carlos Meza-Benavides, Senior Postdoctoral Researcher, ICTP renewable energy programme. 3) Nicola Seriani, Senior Postdoctoral Researcher, ICTP renewable energy programme. 4) M. T. Nguyen, ICTP postdoctoral fellow, ICTP renewable energy programme. 5) Daniel Ayuk Mbi Egbe, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Coordinator of ANSOLE and ICTP consultant.
External Grants Computational grants have been awarded by the CINECA supercomputing centre: ISCRA 2012/2013 Type B (2.600.000 CPU hours), R. Gebauer (PI), N. Seriani, M.T. Nguyen, Photoinduced water splitting on defective hematite surfaces PRACE Preparatory Access Ppp14_1812 (100.000 CPU hours), P. Ghosh (PI), R. Gebauer, I. Girotti, First Principles investigations of solvent effect in photophysical properties of ellipticine
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NEW RESEARCH AREAS QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY
ICTP has set the creation of a new section in Quantitative Biology as one of its goals of the 2010- 2014 strategic plan. In 2013, we have taken important steps in this direction. First, Areejit Samal joined ICTP as senior postdoctoral fellow in Quantitative Biology in March. Then an opening for a position of Research Scientist (P3) in Quantitative Biology was announced in spring. We received more than 100 applications from several highly qualified candidates. The selection committee unanimously recommended Antonio Celani for the position, and he joined ICTP in February 2014. Important steps have been taken in fund raising in order to secure financial resources to open a second staff position. We carried out a thorough search for potential donors and submitted two proposals that, if successful, will allow us to open new positions. We extended our network of research collaboration in important ways, with a program of visiting scientists and with the appointment of Ramin Golestanian and Yasser Roudi as staff associates. Ramin Golestanian and Michele Vendruscolo visited ICTP for extended periods in 2013. The collaboration in Quantitative Biology with Indian scientists and institutions has been intensified, with an agreement with ICTS for running joint training activities and a research project with ICGEB Delhi. Initial contacts have been established with European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) for running joint activities.
Research Research activities were carried out in collaboration with groups in SISSA, ICGEB, ENS Paris, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Univ. of Cambridge, NTNU Trondheim, U. Zurich and UC Berkeley. This led to: a) the PhD thesis of Luca Caniparoli (co-supervised by M. Marsili and M. Vendruscolo) that focused on translation efficiency in simple organisms and quantitative measures of codon bias b) a publication on optimal biochemical networks that maximize information transfer over a given times-scale (collaboration with A.M. Walczak, ENS Paris, and C. Wiggins, Columbia) c) a publication on non-stationary inference of neural data (with NTNU - Trondheim and KTH – Stockholm). d) a collaborative project with M. Giacca at ICGEB, Trieste, has been initiated to understand the differential regulation of metabolic pathways by 2 miRNAs that were found to induce cardiac regeneration e) a collaborative project with D. Kumar and A. Singh at ICGEB, Delhi, has been initiated to elucidate the architecture of M. tuberculosis regulatory network and understand the regulation of metabolic pathways critical for latency f) a collaborative project with O.C. Martin, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and A. Wagner, Univ. Zurich has been initiated to develop a new method to sample uniformly the space of viable minimal metabolic networks within the reaction universe g) a manuscript focused on identifying atypical properties of E. coli metabolism is in preparation h) a manuscript focused on elucidating the architecture of B. subtilis regulatory network and its control of metabolic pathways is in preparation (collaboration with Santhust Kumar, PhD student, Univ. Delhi, India) i) a manuscript on genome-scale reconstruction of plant cell wall deconstruction network in filamentous fungus N. crassa is in preparation (collaboration with N. L. Glass, UC Berkeley)
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Training Activities We held the 2nd School on Quantitative Systems Biology in Bangalore, India, from the 1st to the 12th of December 2013.
Within the Spring College on Physics of Complex Systems (ICTP 20 May - 14 June 2013) we organised a series of lectures by Cristian Micheletti and Giovanni Bussi (SISSA) on numerical methods for bio-molecules and polymers.
Participation in International Programmes Areejit Samal was invited speaker at Emergence in Chemical Systems 3.0, June 17-22, 2013 held at University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA. Areejit Samal was invited speaker at Bioworld 2013, December 9-11, 2013, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.
Staff and Long-term Visitors Professional Staff Matteo Marsili Staff Associates Michele Vendruscolo (Univ. Cambridge, UK) Ramin Golestanian (Univ. Oxford, UK) Riccardo Zecchina (Politecnico, Torino, Italy) Visiting Scientists Craig James (UC Berkeley, USA) Kumar Dhiraj (ICGEB, New Delhi, India) Marinari Enzo (La Sapienza, Roma, Italy) Nagano Seido (Ritsumeikan Univ., Japan) Price Nathan (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle USA) Roy Sisir (Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India) Singh Amit (ICGEB, New Delhi, India) Sinha Somdatta (IISER Mohali, India) Sneppen Kim (Univ. Copenhagen, Denmark) Postdoctoral Fellows Samal Areejit (senior postdoctoral fellow) Other category Baig Ayesha (intern)
Funding We explored Several avenues for obtaining external funds. An application for an AXA Chair position has been submitted, and its outcome will be known at the end of April 2014. We also established contacts with other donors, including Simons foundation, Infosys, and Unicredit.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 121
NEW RESEARCH AREAS COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES
The importance of HPC clusters within the scientific work is increasing rapidly. There is a significant shortage of resources with in-depth knowledge on how to solve complex problems with HPC techniques. In line with ICTP’s strategic plan, a Master Program has been established in collaboration with SISSA. The Master in High-Performance Computing (MHPC) is a high-level degree program that aims to train students to address problems requiring advanced computational techniques in multiple domains, and communicate HPC technological issues in all scientific and industrial environments. The details of the Program are defined, pre-lectures have started and the MHPC Program will begin in Fall 2014. Details are available at www.MHPC.it.
122 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 DIRECTOR'S RESEARCH GROUP String Phenomenology and Cosmology
Introduction
The main motivation to study string theory is because it promises to provide a framework to unify all matter and interactions, including gravity, in a consistent theory. Despite the intrinsic difficulty of dealing with a theory that manifests itself at scales as high as the Planck mass, for more than 25 years there has been continuous progress in order to connect string theory and low-energy physics. This refers to extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics and cosmology that could lead to some observable implications.
The big challenges of finding chiral models close to the Standard Model, breaking supersymmetry, and dynamically fixing the size and shape of the extra dimensions are being overcome over the years and several scenarios are emerging in which model-independent physical implications can be extracted. Despite the large amount of potential models, the current experimental constraints, both from particle physics (gauge unification, proton stability, fermion masses) and cosmology (density perturbations, dark matter, dark energy, baryogenesis) are strong enough to eliminate most of the models, and despite great progress, there is no fully realistic model or scenario derived from string theory that satisfies all the constraints justifying strong efforts in this direction. The LHC discovery of the Higgs boson and the strong bounds on new particles is making this challenge more interesting.
Research Activities
The following main research areas were explored: • The continuation of a long-term project started by the principal investigator regarding local string models. The current effort is to embed these models in consistent global models in compactifications of string theory, including also moduli stabilisation. Success to find the first models in explicit Calabi-Yau compactification satisfying all consistency requirements (tadpole cancellations, K-theory charges, etc.) and at the same time fixing all moduli leading to de Sitter space solutions was reported. • Potential from obtaining dark radiation in large volume scenario. • Stability and metastability of the large volume scenario on potential bubble nucleation, from de Sitter to anti de Sitter spaces and to decompactification. • Proof of the absence of continuous spin representations of the Poincare group in perturbative string models.
Services
F. Quevedo Conferences organized 21st International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY), ICTP, Trieste, 20-23 August
Invited talks Luis Ibáñez Fest, Madrid, Spain, 14-16 March
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 123
Balkan Workshop 2013 - Beyond the Standard Models, Vrnjacka Banja, Serbia, 25-29 April Bethe Forum "Supersymmetry", Bonn, Germany, 27-31 May 38th International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, Pakistan, 22-25 June String Phenomenology, Hamburg, Germany, 15-19 July Kallosh/ShenkerFest, Palo Alto, California, 9-12 September 19th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 2013), Taipei, Taiwan, 20-26 November Special colloquia on "The importance of the Higgs discovery for fundamental physics" during the visits to Rwanda, South Africa, Guatemala and Costa Rica mentioned below.
Services Outside ICTP Participation in the 7th TWAS Steering Committee as observer, 5 February, Rome Visit to the Department of Science and Technology and meeting with the Minister of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa, 6-9 February Visit to the National Institute for Legislative Studies, NILS, National Assembly, Nigeria, 11-12 February Participation in the Symposium to celebrate Tom Kibble's 80th birthday, Imperial College London, 13 March Attendance at the Fundamental Physics Prize Ceremony, CERN, Geneva, 20 March Meeting with the UK Minister of State for Universities and Science, London, 3 June Visit to Mexico to sign the agreement Consejo Superior Universitario Centroamericano (CSUCA)-ICTP and to participate in the Steering Committee of the Mesoamerican Centre for Theoretical Physics (MCTP), Chiapas 12-16 June Visit to the Ministry of Education, Rwanda, to discuss the setting up of an ICTP branch in Rwanda, 20-24 July Visit to Mexico and the Universidad Rafael Landívar, Guatemala, 28 July-12 August Visit to New York and Boston to have meetings with various foundations (Dreyfus, Simons and Sloan) regarding fund-raising initiatives, 8-11 October Visit to the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica and the Universidad de Costa Rica and meeting with the Rectors of all the Central American universities (CSUCA) to establish the regional PhDs in Physics and Mathematics, Costa Rica, 14-20 October Visit to UNESCO Headquarters, Paris for various meetings with UNESCO Officials, 26-29 October Meeting with high level officials at the Department of Science and Technology, Delhi, India, 15-16 December
124 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013
Staff and Long-Term Visitors
Professional Staff Consultants F. Quevedo, Guatemala, ICTP Director M. Bertolini, Italy M. Serone, Italy
Long-term Visiting Scientists Postdoctoral Fellows S. de Alwis, Sri Lanka L. Aparicio, Spain L. Gaube, Burkina Faso R. Valandro, Italy L. Van Nierop, Canada Short-term Visitors M. Cicoli, Italy S. Krippendorf, Germany A. Maharana, India PhD Students Jin U Kang, North Korea A.A. Nizami, India Kuk Chol Ri, North Korea D. Scruton, Germany
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 125 TRAINING AND EDUCATION
PROGRAMMES
126 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA PROGRAMME
The ICTP Postgraduate Diploma Programme is a gateway for young people who might otherwise not have a chance to reach international-level standards in physics and mathematics. Its goal is to take good students from the least-developed countries and train them so they can compete favourably for graduate studies in any centre of learning in the world. It consists of a rigorous, one-year, pre-doctoral course of study, with a small part devoted to independent projects. Areas of instruction include high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, mathematics, and earth system physics. After completing the programme, most students go on to do PhD work in Europe or North America. Others return to jobs as college teachers, or register for PhD programmes in their home countries. During the 2012-13 academic year, 40 students from 38 countries participated in the Postgraduate Diploma Programme. The PhD placements for those who received diplomas included:
The Postgraduate Diploma Programme web page is at http://diploma.ictp.it
South Central America! America! Oceania! 8%! 6%! 2%! Africa! 42%! Central Europe! 5%!
Asia! 37%!
Fig. 1: Geographical distribution of Diploma students 1991-2013. The total number of students is 789.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 127 The 2012-2013 ICTP Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Brief
1 September 2012 through 31 August 2013
First term: September-December 2012 Second term: January-May 2013
Course of Study: Condensed Matter Physics — Co-ordinator: S. Scandolo (ICTP) First term: Electrons and Phonons in Solids Advanced Quantum Mechanics Statistical Mechanics Numerical Methods Numerical Methods II Selected Topics in Condensed Matter Physics I Second term: Many-Body Fundamentals Many-Body Phenomenology Advanced Statistical Mechanics Electronic Structure Biological Physics Selected Topics in Condensed Matter Physics II
Course of Study: High Energy Physics — Co-ordinator: K.S. Narain (ICTP) First term: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Lie Groups and Lie Algebras Quantum Electrodynamics Introduction to Particle Physics Second term: Quantum Field Theory General Relativity Susy Field Theory General Relativity tutorials The Standard Model Standard Model tutorials Quantum Field Theory tutorials Cosmology
Course of Study: Earth System Physics — Co-ordinator: F. Kucharski (ICTP) First term: Fluid Mechanics Mathematical Methods Wave Physics Earth System Thermodynamics Physics of the Solid Earth Physics of the Atmosphere Physics of the Oceans Numerical Methods Second term: Seismology Mechanics of Earthquakes and Tectonophysics Numerical Methods II Biogeochemical Cycles Climate Dynamics Hydrology Space Geodesy and Observational Seismology Specific Topics on Atmospheric Monitoring and Extreme Events
128 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013
Course of Study: Mathematics — Co-ordinator: L. Göttsche (ICTP) First term: Topology Complex Analysis Real Analysis Abstract Algebra Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems Second term: Algebraic Topology (MTH-ALT) Differential Geometry (MTH-DG) Partial Differential Equations (MTH-PDE) Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems (MTH-ODE II) Ergodic Theory (MTH-ERG) Algebraic Geometry (MTH-AG)
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 129 ICTP-IAEA SANDWICH TRAINING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME (STEP)
The ICTP-IAEA Sandwich Training Educational Programme (STEP) aims at offering fellowship opportunities to PhD candidates from developing countries. The scientific fields covered by the programme are those falling in the scientific and technical competence of ICTP and its collaborating institutions. In 2012 the programme was funded by the ICTP, the IAEA Department of Technical Cooperation, CEI (Central European Initiative), the Italian Funds in Trust with UNESCO, the TWAS (the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World), and the National Centre for Physics, Pakistan (NCP). The programme is addressed to PhD students in developing countries who are offered fellowships of 3-6 month stay each year, for 3 successive years at ICTP or at collaborating institutions (Synchrotron Light Laboratory Elettra, Laser Laboratory, SISSA, Universities of Trieste, Udine, Bologna, Padua, Pisa, ARPA, IAEA Laboratories in Seibersdorf, Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School in Ljubljana, Hospitals of Udine, Trieste and Vicenza, INFN, TASC, and others). Fellows can thus work on their PhD theses on a sandwich basis with their supervisors at their home institutes and co-supervisors at the hosting institutes. Their PhD is awarded at their home institutes.
2013 Fellows Financially Supported by IAEA: Hannah AFFUM ASAMOAH (F), Ghana Period of visit: 2 February – 31 May 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation and Modelling of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) in Petroleum Refining: the Role of Radiotracers
Odumah Christiana ANDERSON (F), Ghana Period of visit: 10 September – 7 December 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Development of INAA Technique to Determine Mineral Profile of Some Ghanaian Marine and Fresh Water Fishes
Marcos Vinicius COLAÇO GONÇALVES (M), Brazil Period of visit: 1 September - 28 November 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Synchrotron Radiation Applied to Biological Materials Characterization
Eitidal ELBASS KHALAF ALLA HUSSAIN (F), Sudan Period of visit: 1 May - 1 November 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Interventional Radiology Study in Khartoum Area Hospitals: Patient Dose and Cancer Risk Estimates
Ghulam MURTAZA (M), Pakistan Periods of visit: 10 January – 7 July 2013, and 15 November 2013 - 14 May 2014 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Development of Advanced Tools and Techniques for PET/CT Guided Conformal Radiotherapy 3DCRT & IMRT
Mohammed Abd Alaziz Halato Asola HALATO (M), Sudan Period of visit: 9 September 2012 - 8 January 2013, and 28 October 2013 - 28 February 2014 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Dosimetry for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Anel HERNANDEZ GARCES (M), Cuba Period of visit: 2 December 2012 - 23 March 2013, and 24 August - 20 December 2013
130 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Inclusion of Radioactive Tracers in a Regional Climate Model for Environmental and Climate Studies
Ian Muchai KANIU (M), Kenya Period of visit: 9 September 2013 - 8 March 2014 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Development of Nuclear Digital Spectrometric Analysis via Machine Learning and Application in Trace Radiogenic Characterization of a Complex Ecosystem
Ilona MATVEYEVA (F), Kazakhstan Periods of visit: 1 June - 28 August 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: The Migration Features of Uranium Series Radionuclides in the Environment of Uranium Ore Extraction and Processing Sites
Felix E. PINO ANDRADES (M), Venezuela Period of visit: 28 April - 24 August 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Development of Innovative Technologies for Sensitive Isotope Identification
Pavel V. SHPAK (M), Belarus Period of visit: 4 March – 31 May 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Raman Conversion of Laser Radiation in Solid-State Lasers
Raheem ULLAH (M), Pakistan Period of visit: 3 August - 28 November 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Structural and Functional Studies of Membrane Protein Using Biophysical Methods
2013 Fellows Financially Supported by ICTP: Ibrahim Bamidele ADETUNJI (M), Nigeria Period of visit: 8 January – 7 May 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: First Principles Study of the Electronic, Structural, Thermal, and Optical Properties of Zinc-Blend Semiconductors Alloy
Ohene Ernest ASARE (M), Ghana Period of visit: 15 November 2012 - 13 March 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Using CHYM Water Balance Model to Monitor Climatic Impact on Mosquito Breeding
Titike Kassa BAHAGA (M), Ethiopia Period of visit: 1 July – 31 December 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Large-Scale and Major Circulation Pattern Influences on Greater Horn of African Climate Variability and Potential for Predictability of High Impact Weather and Climate
Razieh EMAMI MEIBODY (F), Iran Period of visit: 1 July - 28 September 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Curbature Perturbations and non-Gaussianities in Anisotropic Inflation
Samad KHABBAZI OSKOUEI (M), Iran Period of visit: 11 May – 9 September 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Gacs Quantum Algorithmic Entropy on Hilbert Spaces and its Applications
Maseim Bassis KENMOE (M), Cameroon Period of visit: 10 March - 9 August 2013
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 131 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Jahn-Teller Effects in Higher Symmetric Molecules and Quantum Computation
Fatou NDOYE (F), Senegal Period of visit: 1 March – 13 July 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Laser Techniques for Optical Manipulation and Characterization of Biomechanical Properties of Living Cells
Nurapati PANTHA (M), Nepal Period of visit: 1 August - 30 November 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Study of the Structure of CH4-H2O (Methane Hydrate) clathrates with Ab Initio Methods
Ha Giang PHAM THI (F), Vietnam Period of visit: 30 August – 27 November 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Formulas for the Velocity of Rayleigh Waves and Stoneley Waves
Ignacio SALAZAR (M), Argentina Period of visit: 2 March – 30 June 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Gauge/Gravity Duality and its Applications to Condensed Matter Physics
Himadriben Rajendrakumar SONI (F), India Period of visit: 1 November 2013 - 27 January 2014 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Electronic and Phonon Engineering of Graphene: a Density Functional Theoretical Study
Evelyne N'datchoh TOURE (F), Côte d'Ivoire Period of visit: 1 October 2012 – 24 January 2013, and 24 October 2013 - 16 February 2014 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Study of Interaction Between Savanna Fire and Regional Climate Over West Africa: a Dynamical Approach
Ambreen UZAIR (F), Pakistan Period of visit: 25 August - 21 November 2013 Topic or title of PhD thesis: Aspects of Electronic Transport and Collective Modes in Graphene and Topological Insulators
132 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 JOINT PROGRAMMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION LAUREA MAGISTRALIS
The course is covered in two academic years, and is administered by the ICTP Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) Programme. The Italian ‘Laurea Magistralis’ degree corresponds to an advanced master’s degree. The programme is open to anyone having the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree in physics. A limited number of fellowships are awarded to the best students from developing countries. Upon successful completion of the entire study plan, students are awarded a degree from the University of Trieste. Eight students were supported in 2013—two in the first year of study (from Sudan and Vietnam), two in the second year of study (from Ethiopia and Nepal) and one from Ethiopia who had extended his stay. Another three new students (from Nigeria and Sudan) were selected and started their training track at the University of Trieste in the fall of 2013. Within 2013, two students graduated (one from Ethiopia and another from Nepal) and one student extended his stay to defend his thesis in March 2014.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 133 JOINT PROGRAMMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION PHD PROGRAMME IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL FLUID MECHANICS WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE
Scientific Objectives Fluid mechanics studies the properties and behaviour of fluids, that is, liquids, gases, plasma, and more generally of substances whose molecules have no fixed positions in space but can move relative to each other with different relative speeds. It involves rather advanced physical phenomena and has a broad range of applications. Most environmental systems involve the dynamics of water and gases that is described in terms of fluid mechanics, e.g., diffusion of pollutants, or issues of marine and atmospheric meteorology. Similarly, biological systems are regulated by transport and dispersion of elements or species in water, air, and blood. Many industrial problems are concerned with fluid processes: for instance in transportation (automotive, aeronautic) applications, or in processes where chemical-fluid dynamic interaction is expected. The fundamental laws upon which this discipline is based are the balance equations (conservation of mass, energy, momentum), which are generally expressed by partial differential equations, often highly complex, whose study requires the application of different methods of advanced mathematics and is a research field of high theoretical relevance. The numerical resolution of these equations often requires the development of sophisticated computational techniques. The Doctorate School in Environmental and Industrial Fluid Mechanics aims to prepare students in the field of fluid dynamics and in particular in the study of processes involving fluid flows and their transport, dispersion and mixing properties, in the environmental or industrial processes, as well as their interaction with the solid elements.
Educational Objectives The main objective is to provide students an adequate knowledge in fluid dynamics, mathematical methods, large-scale physics flows and industrial applications. The program aims to prepare students to pursue different careers in research, teaching and in the industrial use of high technologies in the above mentioned areas. The final dissertation must be original, represent the state of the art in the chosen field and contain material for the publication of scientific papers in international journals of the field included in the ISI or SCOPUS catalogue. The students will be in contact with several local and international environments and gain a considerable experience in both theoretical and applied problems of fluid dynamics. In addition, the students will develop familiarity and competence in the use of more advanced tools (both modelling and experimental) for the analysis of complex physical systems, which will be of great use for future activities in public or private research centres or for any work in companies with high technological content. All students must follow a program of courses in order to achieve adequate skills in mathematical methods, fluid dynamics, computer science, oceanography, and dynamics of the lower atmosphere. In particular, “core courses” and “research-based courses” are offered. The core courses must provide the tools for understanding the physical phenomena involved and will focus on topics of mathematics (partial differential equations, numerical analysis, statistics), computer science, basic and advanced fluid dynamics, computational fluid dynamics, experimental techniques in fluid dynamics. The research-oriented courses will include research-based geophysical fluid dynamics, physics and modelling of turbulence, physical oceanography, dynamics of the lower atmosphere, advanced mathematical methods for the study of qualitative properties of some classes of nonlinear differential equations of interest in fluid dynamics, numerical methods for the development of computational techniques. There will also be periodic seminars taught by experts, to which students are expected to attend. We further note that:
134 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 • there are no similar programs of Industrial and Environmental Fluid Mechanics in the region Friuli Venezia Giulia; • the program has a partnership with foreign programs; • the school program creates a strong link between national and international research bodies and institutions operating in the city of Trieste, in the region Friuli Venezia Giulia and in the Alpe-Adria region (ICTP, OGS, CNR-ISMAR, OSMER-FVG, ENEA); • the college faculty is composed of mathematicians, physicists and engineers working in complete synergy in the understanding of physical problems and in the knowledge of mathematical and computational models.
Statistics To date there are 42 students who have either completed or are working towards their PhD. Of these, 20 have graduated within 2013. In terms of gender, 47% of the total number of students are is female, and 36% come from developing countries.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 135 JOINT PROGRAMMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION JOINT INTERNATIONAL ICTP/SISSA PHD (JIISP) PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS
ICTP and the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) offer the opportunity to the Postgraduate Diploma Students, who successfully completed the programme, to carry out their PhD studies in the fields of Mathematics and Physics. At the end of the three-year PhD course, successful candidates are awarded a SISSA PhD degree and given a certificate of participation in the Joint International ICTP/SISSA PhD programme (JIISP Certificate). Five Postgraduate Diploma students 2011-2012 were admitted to the Joint International ICTP/SISSA PhD Programme, starting Autumn 2012: Condensed Matter Physics Thuon Thi Nguyen (Vietnam) High Energy Physics Javier Pardo Vega (Cuba) Juan Vasquez Carmona (Venezuela) Mathematics Fikreab Solom Admasu (Ethiopia) Khadim War (Senegal)
Four Postgraduate Diploma students 2012-2013 were admitted to the Joint International ICTP/SISSA PhD Programme, starting Autumn 2013: Condensed Matter Physics Dung Tran Nguyen (Vietnam) High Energy Physics Emtinan Salah Elkhidir Osman (Sudan) Ernesto Lopez Fune (Cuba) Mathematics Shohruh Holmatov (Uzbekistan)
136 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 JOINT PROGRAMMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION JOINT ICTP/COLLEGIO CARLO ALBERTO PROGRAM IN ECONOMICS
The joint UNESCO-ICTP/Collegio Carlo Alberto Program in Economics is a one- to two-year programme, hosted at the Collegio Carlo Alberto in Turin, Italy, leading to a Master of Arts degree. The Allievi Honors Program is a two-year program that aims at enhancing the students’ education in economics and statistics to help them succeed in their future academic or professional careers. Upon successful completion of the program, the Allievi are awarded the Laurea Magistralis degree from the University of Torino or the Politecnico of Torino, and the Master of Arts degree in Economics from the Collegio Carlo Alberto. The Master’s Program in Economics is a one-year program, which aims at endowing its students with advanced training in modern economic theory and methods. Upon successful completion of the program, the student is awarded the Master of Arts degree in Economics from the Collegio Carlo Alberto. The two students that ICTP supported for the 2012-2013 academic year, Bah Tijan from Gambia and Dagim Yoseph Menghesa from Ethiopia, successfully completed the Collegio Carlo Alberto Programme and have earned their master's degrees.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 137 JOINT PROGRAMMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION MASTER’S IN THE PHYSICS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS
ICTP cooperates with SISSA Trieste, Politecnico di Torino University and a consortium involving Universities Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris Diderot (Paris 7), Paris-Sud (Paris 11) and the École Normale Supérieure at Cachan in providing education to graduate students from developing countries on the Physics of Complex Systems leading to a Laurea Magistralis degree. The aim of the international master in Physics of Complex Systems is to shape professionals and/or potential researchers to be able to jointly apply knowledge and methodologies from modern physics, applied mathematics, information engineering and computational biology to the analysis, modelling and simulation of complex systems. In 2013, ICTP continued its support of Bashar Mohammed of Sudan in this programme. The scientist in charge for the programme at ICTP is Matteo Marsili of the Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics section.
138 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 ASSOCIATESHIP SCHEME
The Associate as well as the Federation Arrangement Schemes represent two main channels through which the vocation of ICTP for the promotion and development of scientific knowledge in the developing world has been turned into reality. In particular, the Associateship Scheme enables individual scientists to maintain long term formal contacts with the stimulating and active scientific environment of ICTP. All evaluation committees of ICTP activities, as well as IAEA and UNESCO have recognised the excellence and efficiency of the Associate and Federation Schemes and their outcomes. In fact, thanks to the good reputation of this programme, in 2013 we received a contribution from the prestigious Simons Foundation, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, USA, to create a new category of associates: ICTP Simons Associates.
Changes in Terms and Conditions In 2013, a new category of associates was created through the Simons Foundation: ICTP Simons Associates. Starting their award period 2014, they will be given the equivalent per diem of a Senior Associate and will be assigned a grant of !12,000 over a six-year period. Moreover, they may use the grant to bring a student or PhD student to ICTP. Thanks to this contribution, 24 associates were nominated as ICTP Simons Associates, with awards starting January 2014. The selection committees were requested to identify the most scientifically deserving candidates among all applicants to offer them an ICTP Simons Associate Membership. Special emphasis has been placed on the publications produced by our Associates since the start of their award. The work is currently in progress but we are able to give a snapshot of the current information we have at hand, as follows: 398 Associates produced 3742 publications since the start of their award, resulting in an average of 9.4 publications for each Associate member.
Partnership visits The implementation of this programme depends on the establishment of an agreement between ICTP and another scientific institute, located in an advanced country. Once a partner institute is established, Regular and Senior Associates may utilize their privilege to visit such institutes instead of ICTP. The agreement also foresees that partner institutes take care of part of the expenses involved, while ICTP grants the standard daily living allowance and/or travel support, where applicable. In 2013, Senior Associates undertook two partnership visits to the CNIT, Pisa, Italy and to the University of Texas, Austin, USA. Currently there are 14 partner institutes: Australia National Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Adelaide
Belgium Department of Physics, University of Antwerp Department of Soil Management and Soil Care, University of Ghent
Finland High Energy Physics Division, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 139 France Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques Industriels, Marseille
Germany Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik, Kaiserslautern Microstructure Laboratory and Technical Physics, University of Würzburg
Italy Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of Pavia Department of Physics “A. Volta”, University of Pavia Department of Physics, University of Pisa CNIT - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni, Pisa ECT - European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas, Trento
United States of America Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, USA
140 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 The following chart shows the 2013 distribution of Associate Members by field of research.
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Summary of the 2013 Associateship Programme a. Number of Associates by Category: Junior 118 Regular 177
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 141 Senior 95 Group 8
Total 398 b. Visits and Costs: In 2013, 176 scientists made182 Associateship visits to ICTP:
Average with respect to a hypothetical full utilization of these groups in 2013:
General Concise Forecast for 2014 (at 31/1/2014) a. Number of Associates Junior 125 Regular 166 Senior 89 Group 3 Simons 24
Total 407
According to the above table, the total number of Associate members in 2014 is 407, which now includes the ICTP Simons Associates. b. Expected Visits Junior 76 Regular 108 Senior 51 Group 2 Simons 17
Total 254
142 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 The above figures show that 62% of the total number of Associates have requested a visit in 2014. The total number of 2014 visit requests is almost the same as the previous year's total which was 252, i.e. 63% of the total number of Associates submitted a request for a visit in 2013.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 143 FEDERATION ARRANGEMENTS SCHEME
The main difference between the Associateship Scheme and the Federation Arrangements Scheme derives from the fact that while the former is addressed to an individual scientist the latter involves an institution.
The Standard Scheme Federation Arrangements are contracts of scientific collaboration signed by ICTP and a scientific institution in a Third World country, whereby the latter may send its junior representatives to ICTP on a cost-sharing basis. No invitation is sent automatically. All cases are screened by the relevant activities’ organizing committees or research groups. The Scheme represents an interesting complementary programme to that of the Associates; it differs from the Associates Scheme in three important respects: • if appropriately used, more scientists can be exposed to the scientifically stimulating atmosphere of ICTP because it is not aimed at individuals but at an institute, • it could represent the basis of a long-term and fruitful co-operation between an institute and ICTP, • it could stimulate the local community to invest energy and resources and keeping the important link with ICTP alive. In fact, the Scheme always foresees a financial commitment of the Federated Institute and if such commitment is not respected the agreement is cancelled.
The following chart shows the number of Federated Institutes throughout the years.
Summary of the 2012 Federation Arrangement Programme In 2013, ICTP had a total of 105 Federation Arrangements, from 35 member states. The total number of visits under the programme was 58. The total number of days available for the three-year programme is 12,870 (i.e. an average total
144 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 utilization per year of 4,290 days). In 2013, 1,235 days were utilized. Accordingly, in terms of days, the total utilization was 29%. The total expenditure (daily living allowance and travel contribution when applicable) for 2013 was ! 45,241. A full utilization of one third of the total available would have implied an expenditure of ! 242,900. Accordingly, in terms of funds, the total utilization was 19%.
General Concise Forecast for 2013 Total number of Federated Institutes: 86 Visits from Federated Institutes already committed: 8
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 145 TRAINING AND RESEARCH IN ITALIAN LABORATORIES (TRIL)
Introduction The Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) programme offers scientists from developing countries an advanced experimental counterpart to ICTP's theoretical research and lecture-based training programmes. The fields covered by TRIL reflect the lines of interest to the Centre: applied physics, high energy physics, physics of condensed matter, physics and energy, physics and environmental, physics of the living state, and a few miscellaneous interdisciplinary subjects. The aim of the programme is to promote, through direct contacts and side-by-side high-level research, collaborations between the Italian scientific community and individuals, groups and institutions in developing countries. The programme thus addresses an important aspect of the mission of ICTP, namely to help form and strengthen a permanent scientific expertise in developing countries, cognisant of local needs and resources and of the frontiers of science and technology, and to provide support towards a sustainable capacity in basic and applied research that can help their nations' progress. The TRIL fellows are matched to laboratories that best meet their needs. They are hosted in the Universities and in laboratories, mainly of public research institutions such as CNR (Italian National Research Council), Elettra (Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste), ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment), INFN (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics), OGS (National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) and others. In 2013, the annual financial contribution to TRIL from external sources was of the same order of the budget provided by the ICTP.
Activities in 2013 Fifty-six fellows from 26 countries received support to visit Italian laboratories in 2013. They generated 58 visits (19 female), of which 30 are new grants and 28 are extensions of previously awarded grants, for a total of 364.4 person-months. Training and research were carried out in the following areas:
Physics of Condensed Matter 15 High Energy Physics 2 Physics and Energy 9 Physics and Environment 17 Physics of the Living State 4 Applied Physics 9 Miscellaneous 2
The training/research took place at the following hosting laboratories:
2 at ICTP (Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste)
21 at various institutes of CNR (Italian National Research Council) 2 IGAG (Institute of environmental geology and geoengineering, Roma) 4 IMEM (Institute of materials for electronics and magnetism, Parma and Genova) 1 IMM (Institute for microelectronics and microsystems, Agrate Brianza) 4 IOM (Institute of materials, Trieste) 2 ISAC (Institute of atmospheric sciences and climate, Bologna) 5 ISMN (Institute of nanostructured materials, Bologna)
146 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 1 ISOF (Institute for organic syntheses and photoreactivity, Bologna) 1 ISTM (Institute of molecular science and technologies, Perugia) 1 NEST (Institute of nanoscience, Pisa)
1 at CNISM (National Interuniversity Consortium for the Physical Sciences of Matter, Fisciano, Salerno)
5 at Elettra (Elettra-Sincrotrone, Trieste)
5 at various institutes of ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) 1 Frascati Research Centre (Frascati, Rome) 1 UTAPRAD (Technical Unit for Radiation Application Development, Rome) 2 UTTMAT (Technical Unit for Material Technologies, Rome) 1 UTTP (Technical Unit for Portici Technologies, Portici, Naples)
1 at ICGEB (International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste)
4 at INFN (Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trieste)
3 at LENS (European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Firenze)
1 at OAT (Astronomical Observatory of Trieste, Trieste)
7 at OGS (National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, Trieste)
1 at the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (Naples)
1 at the University of l'Aquila
1 at the University of Milan
4 at the University of Trieste
1 at the University of Udine
For 30 years TRIL has been creating lasting international connections and collaborations, reducing scientific isolation, and sustaining the careers of young scientists from developing countries. The TRIL Programme represents no doubt one of the ICTP's most successful and fruitful activities. Since 1983 in this framework, 1284 scientists (totalling 3271 visits and 18,800 person-months) from 88 developing countries have taken advantage of opportunities to participate in high level (mostly) experimental research in active Italian teams, becoming familiar with the most advanced equipment and experiencing the international atmosphere characteristic of science at the front edge. As a measure of TRIL's success, one can point to the often-significant contribution offered by Fellows to the research activity of the laboratory, the good standard of published reports, and the fact that a TRIL fellowship, considered a guarantee of academic excellence, has frequently been instrumental in the scientists' progress in his/her academic career. Many of these fellows in fact occupy (or will occupy) high level positions in their home countries, both in the academic field (University Vice Chancellors, Dean of Faculties) as well as in the technical-political field (high level government officials, Ministers). The stay in Italy also represents a rewarding cultural and human experience, even more if the fellow is accompanied by his or her family members. The visit of an individual scientist in many cases constitutes the seed for a more extended collaboration, which sometimes involves the institutions. One can quote the fruitful, almost regular collaboration between Italian Laboratories and corresponding institution in Cuba,
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 147 Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Macedonia, and Madagascar. The "follow-up" stage represents one of the main objectives of the TRIL and needs continued attention and support. A new phase of TRIL started in 2013. The programme underwent several changes; most importantly, it merged with the Office of External Activities and has new leadership. To better facilitate the connections between scientists and host laboratories, starting with information exchange, the TRIL programme has created new webpages and has started an on-line application process. Looking ahead, the office will keep track of the TRIL fellows' careers and measure the programme's impact in order to improve and shape the programme in a changing world.
148 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 ICTP-ELETTRA USERS PROGRAMME
The programme offers access to the synchrotron radiation facility ELETTRA in Trieste in the years 2012-2016 to scientists from developing countries that work in those countries. The programme offers a limited number of grants to cover travel and living expenses of individuals and small groups who participate in the beamtime at ELETTRA. The number of scientists who can receive support depends on the number of allocated shifts and available funds. A minimum annual total of 1,500 hours is available within this programme for beamtime applications at any of the existing ELETTRA beamlines. The proposed experiments are selected for beamtime assignment on the basis of their scientific merit. A total of 1,944 hours were allocated in 2013. Measurements were run on the following beamlines: Advanced Photoelectric-effect Experiments (APE): is a facility for advanced experiments on solid surfaces and nanostructured matter. Materials Characterisation by X-ray diffraction (MCX): allows performing a wide range of non- single crystal diffraction experiments. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS): is mainly intended for time-resolved studies on fast structural transitions in the sub-millisecond time region in solutions and partly ordered systems with a SAXS-resolution of 1 to 140 nm in real-space. Source for Imaging and Spectroscopic Studies in the Infrared (SISSI): the beamline extracts the IR and visible components of synchrotron emission for applications of spectroscopy, microspectroscopy and imaging. Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP): the beamline has been designed for research in medical diagnostic radiology. X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS): EXAFS spectroscopy provides microscopic structural information of a sample through the analysis of its X-ray absorption spectrum. X-Ray Diffraction 1 (XRD1): designed primarily for macromolecular crystallography. In 2013, ICTP supported 40 visits of participants coming from: Brazil 4 China 2 Cuba 2 India 12 Mexico 10 Pakistan 7 Turkey 3
Special attention is devoted to the number of countries benefitting from the programme in order to achieve a balanced geographical distribution of the assignments. Total expenditure: Euro 62,502.65.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 149 SESAME PROJECT
SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) is a cooperative venture by scientists and governments of the region set up on the model of CERN. It is being developed under the auspices of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) following the formal approval given for this by the Organization’s Executive Board (164th session, May 2002). It is an autonomous intergovernmental organization at the service of its members, which have full control over its development, exploitation and financial matters. SESAME, which is located at Allan (Jordan), will be a “third generation” synchrotron light source. The motivation for SESAME is that it will foster scientific and technological excellence in the Middle East and neighbouring countries (and prevent or reverse the brain drain) by enabling world-class scientific research in subjects ranging from biology, archaeology and medical sciences through basic properties of materials science, physics, chemistry, and life sciences. In the process, it will build scientific and cultural bridges between diverse societies, and contribute to a culture of peace through international cooperation in science. ICTP offers its assistance in a variety of ways to enhance training and research opportunities for the SESAME users community.
2013/2015 Cooperative Programme Between ICTP and SESAME In accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding, the following joint and collaborative activities have been planned between the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and the Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME): 1. ICTP provided support to the SESAME Training Committee meeting held in Trieste in 2013 and in addition a TrAC meeting to be held in Trieste in 2015. ICTP already hosted TrAC in 2011.
2. ICTP provided support to the SESAME Users Meeting, which is organized every year at the end of the year. The 9th SESAME Users meeting in 2011 held in Amman was supported by ICTP.
3. In 2013, the ICTP ran a 2-week “Advanced School on Synchrotron Techniques in Environmental Scientific Projects” at the ICTP in cooperation with Sincrotrone Trieste.
4. In 2013, the ICTP ran a “School on Synchrotron Radiation Techniques and Nanotechnology: a synergetic approach to life sciences and medicine” held in South Africa and promote participation by scientists from SESAME Members. 5. In 2013, the ICTP ran a “Workshop on Portable X-ray Analytical Instruments for Cultural Heritage” held in Trieste back-to-back with the Advanced School on Synchrotron Techniques in Environmental Scientific Projects” and promoted participation by scientists from SESAME region, offering extensions to those already participating in the school. The suggested organizers are Claudio Tuniz (ICTP) and Lucia Mancini (Elettra), 6. In 2013, the ICTP ran a joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Advanced Synchrotron Radiation Based X-ray Spectrometry Techniques in cooperation with Sincrotrone Trieste. Suggested organizer is A. Karydas (IAEA). ICTP promoted participation by scientists from SESAME region. 7. ICTP develop means to strengthen the role of ICTP in the SESAME training programme, using existing ICTP mechanisms such as the Diploma Programme, the Sandwich PhD Programme (STEP, jointly with IAEA), and the Training for Research in Italian
150 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Laboratories (TRIL) Programme to support graduate students, postdoctoral researchers and young scientists. SESAME will provide new opportunities for strengthening ICTP’s activity through the use of SESAME and opportunities for training at SESAME’s premises. 8. ICTP, via its Office of External Activities, will support missions of experts to the SESAME facility. 9. ICTP, in cooperation with Sincrotrone Trieste, will give support in the design of the XRF beamline at SESAME. 10. ICTP will solicit an application for a project/affiliated centre in Amman in connection with SESAME. This can, in principle, include also equipment, such as a small XRF device. 11. Activities will be planned at ICTP in 2014 - 15 to support four day-one SESAME beamlines: XRF/XAFS, IR, PX and PDB.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 151 OFFICE OF EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES
The Office of External Activities (OEA) has been helping to support science and technology development for 27 years, having been established in 1985 and becoming operational in 1986. Its objective has been to help the research and training activities of physicists and mathematicians living and working in developing countries, primarily by providing assistance for activities taking place regionally. Such support complements the training and research that is provided to developing-country scientists at the Abdus Salam ICTP. The OEA actions are aimed at individuals, groups or institutes in the developing countries to accelerate their promotion to an international level (North-South collaboration) and to stimulate networking of scientists in the developing regions to reach a critical mass of researchers (South-South collaboration). The OEA programmes can also provide funds for Graduate Schools to support student grants, fellowships for young researchers, visits of research collaborators and other activities.
Programmes and Activities Assistance is carried out within the following schemes: • Affiliated Centres • Projects • Networks • Visiting Scholars/Consultants • Scientific Meetings
Affiliated Centre (ICAC) Programme An Affiliated Centre is an Institute or University Department of Physics, or Mathematics that carries out a specific long-term research project on a definite subject with well-defined purposes. Affiliated Centres have a regional character and are strongly supported by the local authorities and the hosting institute. In 2013 the OEA has continued supporting 7 Affiliated Centres and has appointed 2 new ones. These Centres are distributed as follows: 6 are in Africa, 1 in Asia, 1 is in Eastern Europe and 1 is in Latin America. These centres focus on mathematical sciences and physical sciences. In Africa, the Affiliated Centres are: • The Centre of Atomic, Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon. • L'Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences Physiques (IMSP), Porto Novo, Benin. • Department of Physics, Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal. • Laser and Fiber Optics Centre (LAFOC), University of Cape Coast, Ghana. • The CPT Affiliated Centre at the Zewail City for Science and Technology (ZCST), Egypt. • The Affiliated Centre at Optical Society of Tunisia at University of Carthage, Tunisia. In the Middle East: A new Affiliated Centre is at the SESAME Synchrotron Facility, Allan, Jordan.
In Eastern Europe: The Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel (PSGSTU), Gomel, Belarus.
152 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 In Latin America and the Caribbean: Instituto de Matemática y Ciencias Afines (IMCA), Lima, Peru. The OEA has encouraged the advanced training of student-researchers within the Affiliated Centers: in 2013 there are presently 42 PhD (or Troisième Cycle) students with partial, or full support from the OEA funds and another 38 graduate students entered in a Masters or Diploma Course.
Projects The OEA supports programmes, or “Projects,” designed to address the lack of trained personnel in physics and mathematics in many developing country universities and the fact that many students from these countries do not return after having obtained advanced training in the North. These Projects cover research programs that are often not appropriate for the category of an Affiliated Centre. There are 9 active projects, of which 3 are in Africa, 4 in Asia, 1 in Latin America and 1 in South- Eastern Europe. The areas of research covered are: Earth Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Space Sciences, with a strong representation from African nations. There are currently 28 PhD students and 45 other graduate students distributed amongst these Projects.
Network Programme A Network is a system of research groups in an entire region, or among different regions, that pursue common scientific goals over an extended period of time. The OEA supports networks because they are an efficient approach to overcoming the problem of isolation and counteracting brain drain. Indeed, Networks emphasize South-South collaboration and the sharing of expertise and facilities. At present the OEA is supporting 11 networks in the mathematical and physical sciences. They are distributed as follows: In Africa: • The African Lasers, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science Network (LAM), based in Dakar, Senegal. • The North African Group for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (NAGET), based in Algiers, Algeria. • The Network on Lasers, Atomic Physics, based in Tunis, Tunisia. • The Nano African Network Initiative (Nano-Afnet) that is based in Somerset West, South Africa with continental influence. • The African Network for Solar Energy (ANSOLE), based at the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. In Asia: • The Network on Novel Approaches for Mesoscopic Phenomena, based in Yerevan, Armenia. • The Network for Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics based at Kathmandu, Nepal. • The India-Thailand-Uzbekistan Network (ITUN) on Theoretical Astrophysics, Gravitation and Cosmology at the Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Ulughbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. In Latin America and the Caribbean: • The PhD Programme in Latin America (CLAF), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. • The Caribbean Network of Quantum Mechanics, Particles and Fields, in Havana, Cuba. • The Latin American Network of Ferroelectric Materials, in Havana, Cuba.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 153 There are currently 52 doctoral students and 48 other graduate school students obtaining benefit from the Network Programme.
Visiting Scholars/Consultants This programme promotes collaboration between scientists working in institutions in the developing countries and leading scientists throughout the rest of the world. The Visiting Scholar/Consultant is required to make at least two research visits over three years, each lasting at least a month. The Visiting Scholar/Consultant carries out joint research with his/her counterpart and lectures students in his or her field of expertise. This is another effective way to counteract the isolation of scientists and to allow them to maintain contacts and collaborate with leading experts from other countries. There are currently 26 active Visiting Scholars: the African region has 14 (Benin (3), Ethiopia, Ghana (2), Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria (2), Senegal, South Africa (2) and Tanzania), Asia has 2 (Nepal and Pakistan), while there are 10 in Latin America and the Caribbean (Brazil (2), Colombia (2), Cuba (4), Ecuador, and the Bolivarian Republic Venezuela. The total number of grants awarded during 2013 is 5 with a regional distribution as follows: In Africa this programme has benefited Benin (Visiting Scholar from USA), Ghana (2, with Visiting Scholars from Italy) and Kenya (Visiting Scholar from USA), while in Latin America and the Caribbean Cuba has received a Visiting Scholar from Finland. The Visiting Scholars programme has recruited scientists from Europe and North America, distributed between Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States of America. In addition, there are three scientists coming from the South itself: India, Malaysia and South Africa. These 3 scientists participated in the following collaborations: Nepal-Malaysia, Nigeria- India and Tanzania-South Africa.
Scientific Meetings The OEA offers financial assistance to the organizers of regional conferences, workshops, and schools. In 2013, it has distributed 74 grants in 5 geographical regions and in 5 areas of knowledge: education, life sciences, mathematical sciences, physical sciences and space sciences. In Africa: There were 17 grants assigned to the meetings in Benin, Cameroon (2), Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana (2), Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa (4), and Tunisia (4). In Asia: There were 30 grants assigned to meetings in Bangladesh, India (7), Indonesia (4), Jordan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan (4), People's Republic of China, Singapore, Thailand (2), Turkey (3), Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. In Europe: There were 6 grants assigned to meetings in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Russian Federation, Serbia, (2), and France. In Latin America and the Caribbean: There were 20 grants assigned to meetings in Argentina (4), Brazil (3), Chile, Colombia (4), Cuba (3), Guatemala, Mexico (3), and Peru. Finally, 1 grant was assigned in Oceania to a meeting in Papua New Guinea.
154 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 ICTP SOUTH AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH (ICTP-SAIFR)
The ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR) has now completed its second year of theoretical physics activities in Sao Paulo as a collaboration between the Sao Paulo Research Funding Agency (FAPESP), the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), and the Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT-UNESP) in whose building it is located. In 2013, the ICTP-SAIFR organized six international two-week schools on the subjects of mathematical biology, particle physics, quantum gravity, nanophotonics, astrophysics, and non- perturturbative quantum chromodynamics, as well as several workshops and mini-courses on various aspects of theoretical physics. More than 500 PhD students and researchers attended these meetings, and the ICTP-SAIFR also hosted 150 short-term and long-term visitors who presented seminars and included distinguished physicists such as Michael Berry (Bristol), David Gross (KITP), Celso Grebogi (Aberdeen), John Schwarz (Caltech), Chris Quigg (Fermilab) and many others. The complete list of 2013 activities and seminars are on the webpages http://www.ictp-saifr.org/?page_id=2269 and http://www.ictp-saifr.org/?page_id=1814 , and most activities were filmed using ICTP equipment and are available online. In addition to the visitor exchange agreements signed earlier with CERN (Geneva) and Perimeter Institute (Waterloo), new visitor exchange agreements were signed in 2013 with Nordita (Stockholm) and Fermilab (Batavia), and the Simons Foundation (New York) awarded two five-year fellowships to ICTP-SAIFR for tenure-track candidates. Furthermore, 60 distinguished theoretical physicists distributed throughout South America have agreed to be ICTP-SAIFR Associate Members (http://www.ictp-saifr.org/?page_id=5362) and act as contact representatives in their country. In 2013, the number of ICTP-SAIFR researchers increased substantially with the hiring of Eduardo Ponton (particle physics) from Columbia University as a permanent researcher, Riccardo Sturani (gravitational waves) as a Young Investigator, and seven postdocs including Gero von Gersdorff (grand unified theories), Alberto Tonero (LHC physics), Chrysostomos Kalousios (AdS-CFT), Saeed Mirshekari (gravitational waves), Nicolas Bernal (astroparticle physics), Fabien Lacasa (cosmology) and Sucupira Pedroza (condensed matter physics). There is a weekly theoretical physics colloquium organized jointly with IFT-UNESP, as well as three ICTP-SAIFR journal clubs which meet regularly in the areas of string theory, particle physics and cosmology. The plans for 2014 include the hiring of a permanent researcher in cosmology and the formation of a search committee for a hiring in the area of complex systems. In addition to these ICTP- SAIFR hirings, the IFT-UNESP was recently granted three permanent researcher positions in areas of theoretical physics that do not involve high energy physics.
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ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 155 PRIZES AND AWARDS
156 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013
PRIZES AND AWARDS
ICTP Dirac Medal ICTP instituted the Dirac Medal in 1985. The Medal is awarded yearly on P.A.M. Dirac’s birthday—8 August—to individuals who have made significant contributions to physics. An international committee selects the winners from a list of nominated candidates. The ICTP Dirac Medal is not awarded to Nobel Laureates, Fields Medallists, or Wolf Foundation Prize winners. The Dirac Medal 2013 was awarded to: • Thomas W.B. Kibble (Imperial College London, UK) • Phillip James E. Peebles (Princeton University, USA) • Martin John Rees (University of Cambridge, UK) For their independent, ground-breaking work throughout their careers elucidating many aspects of fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics.
ICTP Prize The ICTP Prize was created in 1982 to recognize outstanding and original contributions within physics by young (under 40) scientists from developing countries. Dr. Yasaman Farzan, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Dr. Patchanita Thamyongkit, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. The prize recognises Professor Yasaman Farzan (Iran) for her theoretical contributions to the physics of neutrinos, including development of the unitarity triangle method to determine the CP-violating phase, identification of symmetries leading to particular values of the phase and the proposal to use polarisation measurements to obtain information about CP violation. The prize recognises Professor Patchanita Thamyongkit (Thailand) for her experimental chemistry contributions to organic, conjugated, and semiconducting materials of great relevance for photovoltaic research. The 2013 ICTP Prize was named in honour of Marie Curie.
ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award ICO, the International Commission for Optics, and ICTP have established a joint prize, called the ICO/ICTP Award, for scientists less than 40 years old from developing countries who are active in research in optics and have contributed to the promotion of research activities in optics in their own or another developing country. The recipient receives a certificate, a cash award, and the invitation to participate in and deliver a lecture at an ICTP activity relevant to optics. The ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award recipient for 2013 Mohammad Dhafer Al-Amri (National Centre for Mathematics and Physics, King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Saudi Arabia), for his pioneering research in the field of optical lithography and microscopy, quantum teleportation of multi-qubit systems, and the reversal of weak measurements in optical systems.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 157 Ramanujan Prize Since 2004, ICTP has awarded its Ramanujan Prize to young mathematicians from developing countries. The Prize carries a cash award and travel and subsistence allowance to visit ICTP for a meeting where the prize winner will be required to deliver a lecture. ICTP awards the prize through a selection committee of five eminent mathematicians appointed in conjunction with the International Mathematical Union (IMU). The 2013 Ramanujan Prize was awarded to Ye Tian, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The prize is in recognition of his outstanding contributions to Number Theory. These include the completion of the proof of a multiplicity one conjecture for local theta correspondences and important work related to Heegner points and to the Birch and Swinnerton- Dyer conjecture.
158 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT
SERVICES
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 159
MARIE CURIE LIBRARY
Research libraries have always had a vocation for collaboration and mutual support, but today partnership has become a vital factor, in the light of generalized constraints. In this respect, the most important frameworks at national level are the Union Catalogue of Periodicals (ACNP) and the Network Inter-Library Document Exchange (NILDE). Seven regional institutions, with the Marie Curie Library representing ICTP, have joined forces in 2013 to organize the next ACNP/NILDE Conference, which is likely to be the national event of the year in the world of libraries. Several foreign speakers have also been invited, to share their experiences with the Italian community. The Marie Curie Library, in addition to its part in the organization, has created the website for the event. It is hosted by ICTP and went live at the end of November. To remark its interest in strengthening collaborations, the Library has joined UN-LINKS, the Library and Information Network of the United Nations, and kept following the activities organized by the Italian Ex Libris Users Group (ITALE) after the meeting and seminar hosted last year by ICTP. The Library has made its first substantial acquisition of electronic books, accurately selected among the best recent titles in Physics and Astronomy, Mathematics, Earth Science, and from the Diploma Course reference texts. The aim is to diversify its approach to monographic acquisitions so as to reach also the students and visitors that work in different buildings and are too busy to visit the Library in person.
Library in Figures Shelf space 5,000 linear meters Reading places 70 Public terminals 12 Photocopiers/printers 2
Collections as of December 2013 Print collections Books 69,000 Additions in 2012 960 Journals, current subscriptions 267 Total print titles 1,280 Theses 1,271
Electronic and multimedia resources Current e-journal titles 3,246 Electronic books 1,040 Pictures 3,390 Films and videos 216 Laser discs 474 Preprints 10,098 Clippings 1,282
Usage statistics in 2012 Circulation transactions 5,209 Registered users 1,061
160 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Gate counter 82,376
Library services in 2012 Inter-library loans and document delivery Items requested 79 Items issued to other libraries 582 e-Journals Delivery Service Registered users 4,900 New registrations in 2012 465 Total downloads 7,544
Junior associate book orders Requestors 68 Books supplied 467
Donations Recipient countries 21 Recipient institutions 41 Donated items 940
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 161 SCIENCE DISSEMINATION UNIT
Introduction The Science Dissemination Unit (SDU) was created in late 2004 with the broad aim of disseminating scientific contents to more people than are able to visit ICTP, and to the public in general throughout the world, via any digital media type. Website: sdu.ictp.it. SDU also collaborates with the special requests, and advice, on issues related to Science Dissemination and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the ICTP Director’s Office.
Research Activities The SDU is a concrete example of helping to bridge the knowledge divide in developing countries and across the North-South, in terms of applying cost effective open source ICT for the dissemination, support and internationalization of science. The SDU addresses these main issues of great concern in the scientific community: • The dissemination of scientific data, educational material and information. This is necessary for the advancement of research and education in order to provide contents that contribute to the benefit and well-being of society and to promote international scientific and technological activities. • The development, implementation and management of ICT especially in support of science in developing countries. • The integration of new rich-media services and state-of-the-art tools to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and exchange of scientific information. • The electronic publishing including open access, creative commons, copyright issues, mobile science and learning and digital contents. The SDU also addresses hardware and software limitations and the ICT skill shortfalls of staff in universities, research centres, scientific academies and ministries of science and technology throughout the developing world by providing grants for the low-cost production of scientific contents by institutions and students. Training on ICT tools for science dissemination are carried out every year in Trieste. Low-cost 3D Printing for Science, Education and Sustainable development is also a main topic of interest for the SDU.
Training Activities SDU organized two main workshops in 2013: First International "Low-cost 3D Printing for Science, Education and Sustainable Development" (smr2547), May 2013 -co-sponsor: the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS). New, low-cost, three-dimensional printing technologies are providing exciting opportunities for research, education and humanitarian projects for the developing world. Using digital models, the 3D printers create or replicate solid objects out of plastic. The purpose of this workshop was to discuss and create awareness on the new 3D printing through demonstrations on a number of available competing technologies, as well as presentations of on-going research into new applications. Special focus was given to the applicability of 3D printing to promote appropriate technology for sustainable development, scientific research and education.
162 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 The open, primer book on "Low-cost 3D Printing for Science, Education & Sustainable Development" edited by the SDU Team was presented. This book was released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License.
SDU’s book cover on low-cost 3D Printing
Indeed, its many applications and affordability make 3D printing an accessible technology for the masses as demonstrated in the book. Highly scalable, the printers can be used to print objects at home, at small research labs in a university or in a high school to create educational material, without needing to invest a lot of money. 3D printing opens up novel opportunities that have never before been feasible for creative production and prototypes. The hope is that this cutting- edge technology will open new dimensions to science education and will make a marked impact in developing countries. Their affordable costs plus the huge open source 3D examples available for free (usually in “.STL” format) already make the newest 3D printers an attractive technology for low income countries. All lectures and seminars given during this smr2547 workshop are freely available on the SDU's YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/sciencedissemination
"Science Dissemination and On-line Certification for All" (smr2487), ICTP-SDU Workshop Oct 2013 - co-sponsor: the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS). The workshop aimed to guide the scientific community in developing countries into the potentialities of new, low-cost scientific pedagogical tools for the creation, and dissemination of on-line educational resources at a large-scale. This event also aimed to give a balanced mix of technical detail, general overview and societal impact. Topics included: Massive on-line open courses (MOOCs); Infrastructure, design and technological issues with video capturing; Video course development and cultural issues in video learning systems; Asynchronous and synchronous web casting systems, Apps; Creative uses of video and role of rich-media in science. Particular attention was given to innovation within a scientific environment. The workshop was mainly informative, with some demonstrations on the technical setup needed, organization and maintenance of newest tools and web applications to access and disseminates science. Following the ICTP mandate, the majority of the selected participants were new to ICTP and most of them came from developing countries. Most Lecturers were also new to the ICTP. The whole activity was recorded using the automated EyA system of the SDU. Apart from lectures, the workshop also included presentations of case studies and projects on the impact online and mobile technologies are having on education. The take-away message was that online and mobile platforms will bring about a change in education systems, and effectively harnessing them will not only increase access to education but also augment conventional classroom teaching.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 163 International Collaborations The SDU collaborates with • the Communication and Information Sector and the Science Sector of the UNESCO in Paris in the organization of some of the workshops carried out at ICTP in the field of science dissemination; • IEPM – Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), USA for the monitoring of the connectivity in Africa from Trieste; • eIFL.net - Electronic Information for Libraries Initiative for the activities and initiative of Open Access and related issues. • IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. and also with other research centres, universities and institutions in East and Central Europe, Africa and Latin America, including the new ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research for the Project DxD.tv.
Projects and Activities in 2013 Open Access at ICTP promoted by SDU: APhysRev.org The SDU supervises the technicalities behind, and give advice on, the African Review of Physics—a peer-reviewed and on-line international eJournal that publishes reviews, research articles, and brief communications in all branches of experimental and theoretical physics and related interdisciplinary fields. Website: www.aphysrev.org
Science on the Internet: Education and Dissemination - www.ictp.tv Using the automated and non-intrusive EyA system for the webcasting of physics and mathematics, all lectures delivered within the ICTP Postgraduate Diploma Programme and seminars, talks, etc. given during some ICTP conferences and workshops were recorded throughout the campus. The www.ictp.tv infrastructure and redundant servers were permanently improved to handle the increased traffic received. In 2013, SDU's automated recording system quietly added the 12,000th hour of video recording to its archive of ICTP Postgraduate Diploma Programme courses. The online courses archive of physics and mathematics lectures, accrued over the past six years, is available for free on the Centre's www.ictp.tv website. The courses are captured using the EyA technology and are carried out using digital presentations (PPT, PDF, animations, etc.) and especially traditional chalkboards as found along the classrooms of ICTP campus. From 2007 to August of this year, ICTP's nearly 12,000 hours of online Diploma Programme lectures have received more than 1 million unique visitors. Contrary to what one might expect, the majority of visits to the web courses comes from computers connected from Italy (22%), USA (12%) and India (9%). Following close behind is China (3%) and Africa, mainly in Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Rwanda (about 1%). These numbers suggest that the lectures, taught in English by ICTP scientists, are a useful learning resource for students both in developing and developed countries. Some parts of the world, however, are restricted both by language barriers and bandwidth constraints. To tackle these two issues, SDU has implemented the new Project "Didactica para el Desarrollo" with educational scientific lectures in different languages, and has sent hard disks containing Terabytes of recorded lectures to countries in need like North Korea and Pakistan. The EyA system today is robust, requires low maintenance and low cost, with the price of a recorded hour totalling less than a cup of coffee. EyA is an attractive product for other institutes that want to carry out affordable, automated recordings of lectures, conferences or other educational activities. To that end, SDU has developed an "openEyA" system that institutes can easily set up in their own classrooms. In 2013, the free SDU's Linux-based version "openEyA" of
164 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 the EyA automated recording system implemented along the ICTP campus continued to be upgraded and promoted in developing countries.
Free EyApp and AndrEyA Recording Systems for Smart-phones In 2012, the free Another new area for openEyA it is its use on smart-phones; to this end, SDU deployed new versions of the software for Android and iOS phones in 2013. In particular, EyApp enables an iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch to make a video composed of a series of captured images along with simultaneous audio recording. With just the press of a button, the App automatically captures images at intervals ranging from 5 to 20 seconds (or manually by the user) and then synchronizes the images with a continuous audio signal. The resulting recording is a smaller size compared with traditional video (HD or standard resolution) because the still frames can be processed by the highly-efficient compression algorithms used by the H264 movie format found in modern mobile i devices. SDU developed the App with education in mind. These SDU systems were introduced in UNESCO's magazine: A World of SCIENCE, Vol. 11, No. 4 Oct.–Dec. 2013.
Didáctica para el Desarrollo — DxD.tv The SDU’s "Didactic for Development" (in English) initiative with educational videos in Spanish and Portuguese only, continued as planned by supporting Universities in Latin America and Portugal to create their own educational contents. The aim of DxD is to attain "Quality Education for All" and preserve "Cultural Diversity" in native languages by closely following the mandate of UNESCO and ICTP. The next steps to be carried out within the DxD.tv project in years ahead is to aggregate the available educational material, i.e. more than 400 recording hours so far, by the use of SDU’s openEyA free recording system. The DxD.tv project was presented at “Encuentro Iberico para la Ensenanza de la Fisica”, Valencia, Spain, July 2013. To date, Institution participants of the DxD.tv project are: University of Porto and Instituto Superior Te'cnico (IST), School of Science and Engineering, Portugal; ICTP-South American Institute of Fundamental Research, Brazil; National University of Colombia, Colombia; and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; openDante: High School Physics and Math Lectures On-line The project openDante, carried out in collaboration with Prof A. Pisani from Liceo Classico Dante Alighieri (Gorizia) and SDU, is a concrete example of the application of openeyA in high school classrooms of Italy. OpenEyA has dramatically changed the way their students study. The recordings provide a new, effective option for students to review and learn new concepts. Students like the fact that with openEyA recordings, they can re-listen to classroom lectures at home, and it helps increase their level of understanding. SDU will continue to support this unique initiative: www.openDante.com to foster future generations of scientists. This project was largely publicized in the literature.
3D Printing Lab In February 2013, the SDU inaugurated its 3D Printing Lab to promote, assist and train scientists on the use of this new, affordable technology. Underscoring the capability of the printers to produce usable objects, ICTP’s Director Fernando Quevedo cut the ribbon tied across the Lab’s main entrance with a pair of scissors created by one of the Lab’s 3D printers. SDU’s innovative lab is designed to be a friendly, modern place open to creativity. It is devoted to explain and show what low-cost 3D printers can do for non-experts, in the fields of science, education and sustainable development. Scientists need to be aware of which 3D printers exist
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 165 and which of these suits their needs. The ICTP 3D Printing Lab aims to play a significant role as a focal point to help scientists and to train target audiences, including students from high schools. Another goal is to inspire creativity, incorporate new ideas into educational and research efforts, and to create new communities around 3D printing. SDU's 3D Printing Lab was reported in UNESCO's magazine: A World of SCIENCE, Vol. 11, No. 2 July–Sept. 2013.
Other SDU Outreach Activities SDU organized the Concorso per le Scuole in Trieste: “Stampa la tua Idea” -open to students up to 18 years old. SDU members also participated with an Stand at: “European Edition Maker Faire”, Rome and “ScienzArtAmbiente”, Pordenone in Oct 2013; “Trame di Gioco, Science, Futuro”, Trieste in Aug 2013, “Notte dei Ricercatori”, Trieste Sept 2013. Many seminars on SDU activities were promoted in schools of the Trieste region. For example at Istituto Statale d'Arte "E. e U. Nordio", Associazione Rena Cittavecchia and Osservatorio Farra d'Isonzo. Within ICTP, 3D Printing courses were organized especially for ICTP Staff. Many young and old visitors learnt about SDU's 3D Printing Lab during 2013.
Staff Consultants: E. Canessa, SDU Coordinator, Chile C. Fonda, professional technician, Italy M. Zennaro, collaborator, Italy L. Tenze, external collaborator, Italy
Funding • ICTP (principal contributor)
Publications “On-line Certification for All: The Pinvox Algorithm”, Inter. J. Emerging Tech. in Learning (iJET), 7 (2012) 43-45.
The SDU members in this paper introduce the Pinvox prototype algorithm: (“Personal Identification Number by Voice") for on-line certification that helps to guarantee that scholars have followed, i.e., listened and watched, a complete recorded lecture with the option of earning a certificate or diploma of completion after remotely attending courses. It is based on the injection of unique, randomly selected and pre-recorded integer numbers (or single letters or words) within the audio trace of a video stream at places where silence is automatically detected. The certificate of completion or “virtual attendance” will be generated on-the-fly after the successful identification of the embedded Pinvox code by a video viewer student.
SDU’s Open book “Mobile Science & Learning”, ISBN 92-95003-47-0 This free book is a collection of essays on mobile science and mobile learning, written by experts, describing experiences from academia and discussing the implementation of research projects using mobile technologies of particular interest to developing countries. This SDU’s edited book has been delivered under a Creative Commons license with the goal to create awareness on the huge possibilities of Mobile Science (or “m-Science” in short), as well as to motivate a new generation of learners, scholars and scientists to participate in the challenges of the rapidly developing new field. Since its release, the book has so far 2.9K reads, 9 readcasts,
166 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 2.6K embed views. Our previous m-Science book has: 4.8K reads, 20 readcasts and 2.9K embed views. As the examples in the book demonstrate, people are using mobile technology in powerful new ways to carry out scientific research, to share results and to disseminate knowledge in affordable ways via, for instance, the new m-Learning. This includes data gathering, analysis and processing, and access to on-line services and applications directed to nurture scientists and scholars using mobile phones, tablets, netbooks and other devices. The book gives a balanced mix of technical detail, general overview, societal impact and a sense of the possible. To attract younger and technologically savvy audiences, in 2013 SDU will deploy free EyA- inspired apps for mobile devices (tablets, smart-phones with Android and iOS). The goal is to open the universe of science to a new generation of learners and offer them inspiration and on- demand access to knowledge according to modern times.
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 167 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SECTION (ICTS)
During the year 2013, the information and communication technology section provide user support services to the entire ICTP community and general maintenance of the in-house computing and communication equipment. For the services provided by the Centre, the overall availability level was ensured without any major interruptions.
High Performance Computing (HPC), Storage and Server Room The in-house HPC cluster codenamed “ARGO” was expanded with some GPU units and the rack space was extended in order to support new servers for further growth in 2014. Access and usage of the ARGO cluster is coordinated with the help of scientific staff from ICTP's ESP and CMSP sections, who heavily use the cluster for the regional climate modelling software (RegCM) and Quantum Espresso (QE) software, in addition to other individual research software.
Support for Scientific Computer Programming The importance of HPC clusters within the scientific work is increasing rapidly. There is a significant shortage of resources with in depth knowledge on how to solve complex problems with HPC techniques. In line with ICTP’s strategic plan, a Master Program has been established in collaboration with SISSA. The Master in High-Performance Computing (MHPC) is a high-level degree program that aims to train students to address problems requiring advanced computational techniques in multiple domains, and communicate HPC technological issues in all scientific and industrial environments The details of the Program are defined, pre-lectures started and the MHPC Program will start in Fall 2014. Details are available at www.MHPC.it.
International Presence ICTS also provides technical assistance to institutes in developing countries. In 2013, this included: • African University of Science and Technology (AUST), Nigeria: Teaching a graduate level course on Parallel and High Performance Computing, • Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: Teaching and supervision of graduate students of the Computational Sciences Department. • University of Nigeria, Nuskka: On the Science technology workshop and Exposition jointly organized by the UNESCO Science Sector and ICTP • University of Ilorin, Nigeria assisted the IT staff with a broad range of areas related to e- mall, web services and network security. • Southern Africa Development Community (SADC): Supporting the development of a comprehensive and sustainable HPC and Cyber-infrastructure plan for the region. • A HPC workshop was performed together with local experts at Bandung, Indonesia.
168 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 MULTIMEDIA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE
The activities of the Multimedia Publications Office (MPO) are organized through a wide range of support services of a different nature to the ICTP scientific activities. In particular, the office ensures that the scientific research carried out at ICTP is made available to the scientific community via web, media and different printed formats. Services include: provision of high-quality printed documents with the best technology for digital printing including large formats; dissemination of information on the Centre's activities and programmes via conventional mail and electronic format. For this purpose ICTP's centralized mailing list is also kept and maintained by this section; technical support for word processing programmes and camera ready documents for conference presentations, layouts and graphic designs, plus problem solving support to scientific staff, visitors and other offices; support in the planning and production of a variety of studio and field-based video products for distribution on DVDs and other media such as webcasting and video streaming, video post production tasks, converting format of completed edited products. During 2013, MPO produced in high definition the entire Postgraduate Diploma Course in Mathematics, plus dozens of conferences, lectures and other events for more than 850 hours between video production and post production. Furthermore MPO processed more than 1,550 requests distributing more than 98,000 documents throughout the world.
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ISSN 2223-6589 Managing Editor: K. Tahir Shah
The African Review of Physics (www.aphysrev.org), founded and published by ICTP since 2007, is the official journal of the African Physical Society. It is a free, open access, on-line, peer reviewed, international journal that publishes high quality reviews, research articles, and brief communications in all branches of experimental and theoretical physics. There was a significant amount of expansion in the Review's readership worldwide in 2013 as a result of continued improvements in its editorial processing and the quality of papers published. The readership of The African Review of Physics now extends to some 152 countries. In 2013, however, its major readership remained in India, with USA in second place. Among the top ten countries in its readership list, the number of readers from developing nations grew to 59% (as compared to 57% in 2012) and a slight decline to 41% from the technologically advanced nations (as compared to 43% in 2012). Submissions received were from Algeria, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, South Africa, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Uzbekistan. This year Nigeria led in the number of submissions, followed by India, Iran, Benin, Morocco, Bangladesh, Cameroon, and Kenya. These eight countries represented 81% of all submissions in 2013 from 23 countries worldwide. The African Review of Physics continued to grow in 2013 at a rate approaching 17 percent with respect to 2012 for published papers and almost a twofold increase with respect to 2011. The acceptance rate remained approximately the same as in 2012. Conclusively, 2013 statistical data reflects the continued progress made by The African Review of Physics towards it ultimate goal of becoming an elite international journal reflecting high-quality research results obtained not only by the African scientists but also by researchers from other countries. It remained throughout 2013 a widely listed scientific journal by libraries and other eJournal listing organizations both in developing and technologically advanced nations with over 37,000 visits to its website since the publication of its first volume in 2007.
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ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 171 APPENDICES
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS Published (153, including 90 within the ATLAS Collaboration)
Arean, D., Iatrakis, I., Järvinen, M., & Kiritsis, E. (2013). V-QCD: Spectra, the dilaton and the S-parameter. Physics Letters B, 720(1), 219-223. Amado, I., Arean, D., Jimenez-Alba, A., Landsteiner, K., Melgar, L., & Landea, I. S. (2013). Holographic type II Goldstone bosons. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(7), 1-43. Arean, D., Iatrakis, I., & Jarvinen, M. (2013). The spectrum of (h) QCD in the Veneziano limit. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.6294. Arean, D., Farahi, A., Zayas, L. A. P., Landea, I. S., & Scardicchio, A. (2013). A Dirty Holographic Superconductor. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.1920. Arean, D., Iatrakis, I., Järvinen, M., & Kiritsis, E. (2013). The discontinuities of conformal transitions and mass spectra of V-QCD. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(11), 1-116. Amado, I., Arean, D., Jimenez-Alba, A., Melgar, L., & Landea, I. S. (2014). Holographic s+ p superconductors. Physical Review D, 89(2), 026009. Creminelli, P., Gleyzes, J., Hui, L., Simonovic, M., & Vernizzi, F. (2013). Single-Field Consistency Relations of Large Scale Structure. Part III: Test of the Equivalence Principle. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6074. Creminelli, P., Gleyzes, J., Simonovic, M., & Vernizzi, F. (2013). Single-Field Consistency Relations of Large Scale Structure. Part II: Resummation and Redshift Space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.0290. Creminelli, P., Noreña, J., Simonovi , M., & Vernizzi, F. (2013). Single-field consistency relations of large scale structure. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(12), 025. Creminelli, P., Perko, A., Senatore, L., Simonovic, M., & Trevisan, G. (2013). The physical squeezed limit: consistency relations at order q2. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(11), 015. Creminelli, P., Serone, M., & Trincherini, E. (2013). Non-linear representations of the conformal group and mapping of galileons. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(10), 1-18. Creminelli, P., Emami, R., Simonovic, M., & Trevisan, G. (2013). ISO (4, 1) Symmetry in the EFT of Inflation. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(07), 037. Dasgupta, B., & Kopp, J. (2013). A m\'enage\a trois of eV-scale sterile neutrinos, cosmology, and structure formation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.6337. Accepted in Physical Review Letters Ng, K. C., Laha, R., Campbell, S., Horiuchi, S., Dasgupta, B., Murase, K., & Beacom, J. F. (2013). Resolving Small-Scale Dark Matter Structures Using Multi-Source Indirect Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.1915. Dasgupta, B., Ma, E., & Tsumura, K. (2013). WIMP Dark Matter and Neutrino Mass from Peccei-Quinn Symmetry. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.4138. Laha, R., Beacom, J. F., Dasgupta, B., Horiuchi, S., & Murase, K. (2013). Demystifying the PeV cascades in IceCube: Less (energy) is more (events). Physical Review D, 88(4), 043009. Laha, R., Dasgupta, B., & Beacom, J. F. (2013). Strong constraint on dark matter-neutrino interactions via light vector bosons. arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.3460. Cabo-Bizet, A., Gava, E., & Narain, K. S. (2013). Holography and conformal anomaly matching. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(11), 1-51. de Alwis, S., Gupta, R., Hatefi, E., & Quevedo, F. (2013). Stability, tunneling and flux changing de Sitter transitions in the large volume string scenario. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(11), 1-26.
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Gupta, R. K., Lal, S., & Thakur, S. (2013). Heat Kernels on the AdS (2) cone and Logarithmic Corrections to Extremal Black Hole Entropy. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.6286. Hatefi, E. (2013). SuperYang-Mills, Chern-Simons couplings and their all order $\ alpha'$ corrections in IIB superstring theory. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.8308. de Alwis, S., Gupta, R., Hatefi, E., & Quevedo, F. (2013). Stability, tunneling and flux changing de Sitter transitions in the large volume string scenario. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(11), 1-26. Hatefi, E. (2013). Selection rules and RR couplings on non-BPS branes. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(11), 1-21. Alvarez-Gaume, L., & Hatefi, E. (2013). More on critical collapse of axion-dilaton system in dimension four. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(10), 037. Hatefi, E. (2013). All order !" higher derivative corrections to non-BPS branes of type IIB Super string theory. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(7), 1-21. Hatefi, E. (2014). Closed string Ramond-Ramond proposed higher derivative interactions on fermionic amplitudes in IIB. Nuclear Physics B. Hernandez, D., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Discrete symmetries and model-independent patterns of lepton mixing. Physical Review D, 87(5), 053005. Hernandez, D., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Relating neutrino masses and mixings by discrete symmetries. Physical Review D, 88(9), 093007. Nacir, D. L. L., Mazzitelli, F. D., & Trombetta, L. G. (2014). Hartree approximation in curved spacetimes revisited: The effective potential in de Sitter spacetime. Physical Review D, 89(2), 024006. Antoniadis, I., Florakis, I., Hohenegger, S., Narain, K. S., & Zein Assi, A. (2013). Worldsheet realization of the refined topological string. Nuclear Physics B, 875(1), 101-133. Nemev!ek, M., Senjanovic, G., & Tello, V. (2013). Connecting Dirac and Majorana neutrino mass matrices in the minimal left-right symmetric model. Physical Review Letters, 110(15), 151802. Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Marulli, F., Viel, M., Branchini, E., Castorina, E., Sefusatti, E., & Saito, S. (2013). Cosmology with massive neutrinos I: towards a realistic modeling of the relation between matter, haloes and galaxies. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.0866. Castorina, E., Sefusatti, E., Sheth, R. K., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., & Viel, M. (2013). Cosmology with massive neutrinos II: on the universality of the halo mass function and bias. Journal of Cosmological Physics, revised. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.1212. Costanzi, M., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Viel, M., Xia, J. Q., Borgani, S., Castorina, E., & Sefusatti, E. (2013). Cosmology with massive neutrinos III: the halo mass function and an application to galaxy clusters. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(12), 012. Paranjape, A., Sefusatti, E., Chan, K. C., Desjacques, V., Monaco, P., & Sheth, R. K. (2013). Bias deconstructed: unravelling the scale dependence of halo bias using real-space measurements. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 436(1), 449-459. Monaco, P., Sefusatti, E., Borgani, S., Crocce, M., Fosalba, P., Sheth, R. K., & Theuns, T. (2013). An accurate tool for the fast generation of dark matter halo catalogues. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 433(3), 2389-2402. Musso, M., & Sheth, R. K. (2014). On the Markovian assumption in the excursion set approach: The approximation of Markov Velocities. Submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.8177. Musso, M., & Sheth, R. K. (2014). Stochasticity in halo formation and the excursion set approach. Submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.3185. Bernardi, M., Meert, A., Vikram, V., Huertas-Company, M., Mei, S., Shankar, F. & Sheth, R. K. Systematic effects on the luminosity size relation: Dependence on model fitting and morphology. (2014). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, revised. arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.6122. Musso, M., & Sheth, R. K. (2013). The importance of stepping up in the excursion set approach. Online early Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 438. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.0551.
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Achitouv, I., Rasera, Y., Sheth, R. K., & Corasaniti, P. S. (2013). Testing the Self-Consistency of the Excursion Set Approach to Predicting the Dark Matter Halo Mass Function. Physical Review Letters, 111(23), 231303. Bernardi, M., Meert, A., Sheth, R. K., Vikram, V., Mei, S., & Shankar, F. (2013). The massive end of the luminosity and stellar mass functions: dependence on the fit to the light profile. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 436(1), 697-704. Movahed, M. S., Javanmardi, B., & Sheth, R. K. (2013). Peak–peak correlations in the cosmic background radiation from cosmic strings. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 434(4), 3597-3605. Castorina, E., & Sheth, R. K. 2013 Stochastic bias in multi-dimensional excursion set approaches. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 433, 1529-1536. Paranjape, A., Sheth, R. K., & Desjacques, V. (2013). Excursion set peaks: a self-consistent model of dark halo abundances and clustering. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 431(2), 1503-1512. Despali, G., Tormen, G., & Sheth, R. K. (2013). Ellipsoidal halo finders and implications for models of triaxial halo formation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 431(2), 1143-1159. Sheth, R. K., Chan, K. C., & Scoccimarro, R. (2013). Nonlocal Lagrangian bias. Physical Review D, 87(8), 083002. Papai, P., & Sheth, R. K. (2013). On the anisotropic density distribution on large scales. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 429, 1133-1138. Skibba, R. A., Sheth, R. K., Croton, D. J., Muldrew, S. I., Abbas, U., Pearce, F. R., & Shattow, G. M. (2013). Measures of galaxy environment–II. Rank-ordered mark correlations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 429(1), 458-468. Akhmedov, E. K., Razzaque, S., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Mass hierarchy, 2-3 mixing and CP-phase with Huge Atmospheric Neutrino Detectors. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(2), 1-34. Ribordy, M., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Improving the neutrino mass hierarchy identification with inelasticity measurement in PINGU and ORCA. Physical Review D, 87(11), 113007. Blennow, M., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Neutrino propagation in matter. Advances in High Energy Physics, 2013. 972485 Esmaili, A., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Probing non-standard interaction of neutrinos with IceCube and DeepCore. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(6), 1-27. Esmaili, A., & Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Restricting the LSND and MiniBooNE sterile neutrinos with the IceCube atmospheric neutrino data. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(12), 1-26. Blau, M., & Thompson, G. (2013). Chern-Simons theory on Seifert 3-manifolds. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(9), 1-26.
Thompson, G. (2013). On involutions with middle-dimensional fixed-point locus and holomorphic- symplectic manifolds. Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry, 1-12. Arvanitaki, A., Craig, N., Dimopoulos, S., & Villadoro, G. (2013). Mini-split. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(2), 1-26. Zaharijas, G., Conrad, J., Cuoco, A., & Yang, Z. (2013). Constraints on the Galactic Dark Matter signal from the Fermi-LAT measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission. arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.2547. Morselli, A., Nuss, E., & Zaharijas, G. (2013). Search for Dark Matter in the sky with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.7173. Cirelli, M., Serpico, P. D., & Zaharijas, G. (2013). Bremsstrahlung gamma rays from light Dark Matter. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(11), 035. Rainò, S., Bastieri, D., Ballet, J., Bloom, E. D., Giroletti, M., Nuss, E., ... & Zaharijas, G. (2013). Dark Matter Constraints from Observations of 25 Milky Way Satellite Galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (No. arXiv: 1310.0828).
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Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., ... & Zaharijas, G. (2013). Search for gamma-ray spectral lines with the Fermi Large Area Telescope and dark matter implications. Physical Review D, 88(8), 082002. Morselli, A., Nuss, E., & Zaharijas, G. (2013). Search for Dark Matter in the sky with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.7173. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya & Shaw, K.). Measurement of the top quark pair production charge asymmetry in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1311.6724 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya & Shaw, K.). Improved luminosity determination in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1302.4393 [hep-ex]. Shaw, K., & The ATLAS Collaboration et al. (2013). Measurement of the top quark pair production charge asymmetry in pp collisions at âˆ!s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector, ATLAS-CONF-2013-078 Shaw, K., & Atlas Collaboration. (2013, July). Top Quark Charge Asymmetry Measurement with ATLAS at the LHC. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 452, No. 1, p. 012058). IOP Publishing. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the electroweak production of dijets in association with a Z-boson and distributions sensitive to vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1401.7610 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the production cross section of prompt J/psi mesons in association with a W boson in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1401.2831 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of dijet cross sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1312.3524 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for a Multi-Higgs Boson Cascade in $W^+W^ b\bar{b}$ events with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at "s = 8 TeV. arXiv:1312.1956 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer. arXiv:1311.7070 [physics.ins-det]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for Quantum Black-Hole Production in High- Invariant-Mass Lepton+Jet Final States Using Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV and the ATLAS Detector. arXiv:1311.2006 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector using 4.6 fb-1. arXiv:1311.1440 [hep- ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for long-lived stopped R-hadrons decaying out-of- time with pp collisions using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1310.6584 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). (2014). Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp collisions at $\sqrt(s) = 7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1310.6527 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for charginos nearly mass-degenerate with the lightest neutralino based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1310.3675 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for dark matter in events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1309.4017 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for new phenomena in photon+jet events collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1309.3230 [hep- ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for microscopic black holes in a like-sign dimuon final state using large track multiplicity with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1308.4075 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for direct third-generation squark pair production in final states with missing transverse momentum and two $b$-jets in $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1308.2631 [hep-ex].
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By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for new phenomena in final states with large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum at sqrt(s)=8 TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS experiment. arXiv:1308.1841 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for excited electrons and muons in $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1308.1364 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at $\sqrt(s)=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1307.6795 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of top quark polarization in top-antitop events from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1307.6511 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of jet shapes in top-quark pair events at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1307.5749 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the top quark charge in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1307.4568 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Evidence for the spin-0 nature of the Higgs boson using ATLAS data. arXiv:1307.1432 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1307.1427 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the differential cross-section of $B^{+}$ meson production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV at ATLAS. arXiv:1307.0126 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the Azimuthal Angle Dependence of Inclusive Jet Yields in Pb+Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1306.6469 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Performance of jet substructure techniques for large- $R$ jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1306.4945 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the high-mass Drell--Yan differential cross-section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1305.4192 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead-lead collisions at = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1305.2942 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). A search for $t\bar t$ resonances in the lepton plus jets final state with ATLAS using 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. arXiv:1305.2756 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Triggers for displaced decays of long-lived neutral particles in the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1305.2284 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for resonant diboson production in the lvjj decay channels with the ATLAS detector at 7 TeV. arXiv:1305.0125 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the production cross section of jets in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1304.7098 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). A study of heavy flavor quarks produced in association with top quark pairs at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1304.6386 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for non-pointing photons in the diphoton and E_T^miss final state in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1304.6310 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV and comparison to the inclusive jet cross section at sqrt(s)=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1304.4739 [hep-ex].
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By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement with the ATLAS detector of multi- particle azimuthal correlations in p+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02 TeV. arXiv:1303.2084 [hep- ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1303.0526 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Characterisation and mitigation of beam-induced backgrounds observed in the ATLAS detector during the 2011 proton-proton run. arXiv:1303.0223 [hep- ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for WH production with a light Higgs boson decaying to prompt electron-jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1302.4403 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for a light charged Higgs boson in the decay channel $H^+ \to c\bar{s}$ in $t\bar{t}$ events using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1302.3694 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the cross-section for W boson production in association with b-jets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1302.2929 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of kT splitting scales in W->lv events at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1302.1415 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurements of $W\gamma$ and $Z\gamma$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1302.1283 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of hard double-parton interactions in $W(\to l\nu)$+ 2 jet events at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1301.6872 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for long-lived, multi-charged particles in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1301.5272 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for single $b^*$-quark production with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1301.1583 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Multi-channel search for squarks and gluinos in $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1212.6149 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). A search for prompt lepton-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1212.5409. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Observation of Associated Near-side and Away-side Long-range Correlations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02 TeV Proton-lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector. arXiv:1212.5198 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for charged Higgs bosons through the violation of lepton universality in $t\bar{t}$ events using $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS experiment. arXiv:1212.3572 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for a heavy narrow resonance decaying to $e \mu$, $e \tau$, or $\mu \tau$ with the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC. arXiv:1212.1272. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of Upsilon production in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS. arXiv:1211.7255 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the ttbar production cross section in the tau+jets channel using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.7205 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.6956 [hep-ex].
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By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of angular correlations in Drell-Yan lepton pairs to probe Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.6899 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for new phenomena in events with three charged leptons at $/sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.6312 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of $ZZ$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and limits on anomalous $ZZZ$ and $ZZ\gamma$ couplings with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.6096 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for resonances decaying into top-quark pairs using fully hadronic decays in $pp$ collisions with ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1211.2202 [hep- ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of isolated-photon pair production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.1913 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-Hadrons with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1211.1597 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for supersymmetry in events with photons, bottom quarks, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.1167 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for contact interactions and large extra dimensions in dilepton events from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1211.1150 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for Extra Dimensions in diphoton events using proton-proton collisions recorded at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1210.8389 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for long-lived, heavy particles in final states with a muon and multi-track displaced vertex in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.7451 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). A search for high-mass resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.6604 [hep- ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of $Z$ boson Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV with the ATLAS Detector. arXiv:1210.6486 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Jet energy resolution in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV recorded in 2010 with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.6210 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for pair production of heavy top-like quarks decaying to a high-pT $W$ boson and a $b$ quark in the lepton plus jets final state at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.5468 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for pair-produced massive coloured scalars in four-jet final states with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1210.4826 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a jet and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.4491 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of $W^+W^-$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous $WWZ$ and $WW\gamma$ couplings. arXiv:1210.2979 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for direct chargino production in anomaly- mediated supersymmetry breaking models based on a disappearing-track signature in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.2852 [hep-ex].
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By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). ATLAS search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1210.1718 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the flavour composition of dijet events in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.0441 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for displaced muonic lepton jets from light Higgs boson decay in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1210.0435 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a photon and missing transverse momentum in $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1209.4625 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for light top squark pair production in final states with leptons and $b^-$ jets with the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV proton-proton collisions. arXiv:1209.2102 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1208.3144 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for direct slepton and gaugino production in final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1208.2884 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for new phenomena in the $W W$ to $\ell \nu \ell$' $\nu$' final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1208.2880 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the jet radius and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1208.1967 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV proton-proton collision data. arXiv:1208.0949 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of charged-particle event shape variables in $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV proton-proton interactions with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1207.6915 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurements of top quark pair relative differential cross-sections with ATLAS in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1207.5644 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Measurement of the $\Lambda_b$ lifetime and mass in the ATLAS experiment. arXiv:1207.2284 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1203.1302 [hep-ex]. By ATLAS Collaboration (including B.S. Acharya). Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1112.6426 [hep-ex].
In press (5)
Amado, I., Arean, D., Jimenez-Alba, A., Landsteiner, K., Melgar, L., & Landea, I. S. (2013). Holographic superfluids and the Landau criterion. arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.8100. (accepted for publication in JHEP). Murase, K., Dasgupta, B., & Thompson, T. A. (2013). Quasi-Thermal Neutrinos from Rotating Proto- Neutron Stars. arXiv preprint arXiv:1303.2612. Accepted to Physical Review D. Shankar, F., Mei, S., Huertas-Company, M., Moreno, J., Fontanot, F., Monaco, P., Sheth, R. K,... & Raichoor, A. (2014). Environmental dependence of bulge-dominated galaxy sizes in hierarchical models of galaxy formation. Comparison with the local Universe. In press, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.2460.
180 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013
Musso, M., & Sheth, R. K. (2013). The excursion set approach in non-Gaussian random fields. In press, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.0724. Arvanitaki, A., Baryakhtar, M., Huang, X., Van Tilburg, K., & Villadoro, G. (2013). The last vestiges of naturalness. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.3568. To appear in Journal of High Energy Physics.
Submitted (4)
Antoniadis, I., Florakis, I., Hohenegger, S., Narain, K. S., & Zein Assi, A. (2014). Non-perturbative Nekrasov partition function from string theory. Nuclear Physics B. Smirnov, A. Y. (2013, July). Neutrino mass, mixing and discrete symmetries. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 447, No. 1, p. 012004). IOP Publishing. Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Neutrino 2012: Outlook–theory. Nuclear Physics B-Proceedings Supplements, 235, 431-440. Smirnov, A. Y. (2013). Neutrino mass hierarchy and matter effects. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.7309.
CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS Published (59)
Anand, K., Kirman, A., & Marsili, M. (2013). Epidemics of rules, rational negligence and market crashes. The European Journal of Finance, 19(5), 438-447. Barato, A. C., Mastromatteo, I., Bardoscia, M., & Marsili, M. (2013). Impact of meta-order in the Minority Game. Quantitative Finance, 13(9), 1343-1352. Bardoscia, M., De Luca, G., Livan, G., Marsili, M., & Tessone, C. J. (2013). The social climbing game. Journal of Statistical Physics, 151(3-4), 440-457. Baruselli, P. P., Fabrizio, M., Smogunov, A., Requist, R., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Magnetic impurities in nanotubes: From density functional theory to Kondo many-body effects. Physical Review B, 88(24), 245426. Baruselli, P. P., Requist, R., Fabrizio, M., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Ferromagnetic Kondo effect in a triple quantum dot system. Physical review letters, 111(4), 047201. Beria, M., Iqbal, Y., Di Ventra, M., & Müller, M. (2013). Quantum-statistics-induced flow patterns in driven ideal Fermi gases. Physical Review A, 88(4), 043611. Bertaina, G., Fratini, E., Giorgini, S., & Pieri, P. (2013). Quantum Monte Carlo Study of a Resonant Bose- Fermi Mixture. Physical Review Letters, 110(11), 115303. Braun, O. M., Manini, N., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Size scaling of static friction. Physical review letters, 110(8), 085503. Burda, Z., Livan, G., & Swiech, A. (2013). Commutative law for products of infinitely large isotropic random matrices. Physical Review E, 88(2), 022107. Caccioli, F., Still, S., Marsili, M., & Kondor, I. (2013). Optimal liquidation strategies regularize portfolio selection. The European Journal of Finance, 19(6), 554-571. Caniparoli, L., Marsili, M., & Vendruscolo, M. (2013). The codon information index: a quantitative measure of the information provided by the codon bias. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2013(04), P04031. Carr, S. T., Narozhny, B. N., & Nersesyan, A. A. (2013). Spinful fermionic ladders at incommensurate filling: Phase diagram, local perturbations, and ionic potentials. Annals of Physics, 339, 22-80.
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Crespo, Y., Andreanov, A., & Seriani, N. (2013). Competing antiferromagnetic and spin-glass phases in a hollandite structure. Physical Review B, 88(1), 014202. Crespo, Y., & Seriani, N. (2013). Electronic and magnetic properties of alpha-MnO2 from ab-initio calculations. Physical Review B, 88, 144428. De Luca, A., & Scardicchio, A. (2013). Ergodicity breaking in a model showing many-body localization. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 101(3), 37003. Dianat, A., Seriani, N., Bobeth, M., & Cuniberti, G. (2013). Effects of Al-doping on the properties of Li– Mn–Ni–O cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: an ab initio study. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(32), 9273-9280. Dutta, A., & Mandal, S. (2013). Unconventional superfluid phases and the phase dynamics in spin-orbit- coupled Bose systems. Physical Review A, 88(6), 063619. Federau, C., O’Brien, K., Müller, M., Stuber, M., Meuli, R., Maeder, P., & Hagmann, P. Pulsatile microvascular perfusion demonstrated in the human brain with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (pp. 20- 26). Fratini, E., & Pieri, P. (2013). Single-particle spectral functions in the normal phase of a strongly attractive Bose-Fermi mixture. Physical Review A, 88(1), 013627. Gangopadhyay, A., Galitski, V., & Müller, M. (2013). Magnetoresistance of an Anderson insulator of bosons. Physical review letters, 111(2), 026801. Golze, D., Iannuzzi, M., Nguyen, M. T., Passerone, D., & Hutter, J. (2013). Simulation of adsorption processes at metallic interfaces: an image charge augmented QM/MM approach. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 9(11), 5086-5097. Hromadova, L., Martonak, R., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Structure change, layer sliding, and metallization in high-pressure MoS2. Physical Review B 87, 144105. Iqbal, Y., Becca, F., Sorella, S., Poilblanc, D. (2013). Gapless spin-liquid phase in the Kagome spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Physical Review B 87, 060405. Kenmoe, M.B., Phien, H.N., Kiselev, M.N., & Fai, L.C. (2013). Effects of colored noise on Landau-Zener transitions: two and three-level systems. Physical Review B 87, 224301. Kiselev, M.N., Kikoin, K.A., Gorelik, L.Y., & Shekhter, R.I. (2013). Kondo force in shuttling devices: dynamical probe for a Kondo cloud. Physical Review Letters 110, 066804. Kiselev, M.N., Kikoin, K.A., & Kenmoe, M.B. (2013). SU(3) Landau-Zener interferometry. Europhysics Letters 104, 57004 Kravtsov, V.E., & Yudson, V.I. (2013). Statistics of anomalously localized states at the center of band E=0 in the one-dimensional Anderson localization model. Journal of Physics A-Mathematical and Theoretical 46, 025001. Kumar, M., Tal, O., Smit, R.H.M., Smogunov, A., Tosatti, E., & van Ruitenbeek, J. (2013). Shot noise and magnetism of Pt atomic chains: why points accumulate at the boundary. Physical Review B 88, 245431. Livan, G., & Marsili, M. (2013). What do leaders know? Entropy 15(8), 3031-3044. Livolant, F., Lorman, V., Marsili, M., Micheletti, C., & Podgornik, R. (2013). Special issue on physical virology. Journal of biological physics, 39(2), 161-162. Mancarella, F., Trombettoni, A., & Mussardo, G. (2013). Statistical interparticle potential of an ideal gas of non-Abelian anyons. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 46(27), 275001. Mancarella, F., Trombettoni, A., & Mussardo, G. (2013). Statistical mechanics of an ideal gas of non- Abelian anyons. Nuclear Physics B, 867(3), 950-976. Mancini, F., Wiggins, C. H., Marsili, M., & Walczak, A. M. (2013). Time-dependent information transmission in a model regulatory circuit. Physical Review E, 88(2), 022708. Mandelli, D., Vanossi, A., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Stick-slip nanofriction in trapped cold ion chains. Physical Review B, 87(19), 195418.
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Marcuzzi, M., Marino, J., Gambassi, A., & Silva, A. (2013). Pre-thermalization in a non-integrable quantum spin chain after a quench. Physical Review Letters 111, 197203. Marsili, M., Mastromatteo, I., & Roudi, Y. (2013). On sampling and modeling complex systems. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2013(09), P09003. Müller, M. (2013). Giant positive magnetoresistance and localization in bosonic insulators. EPL 102 67008. Mussardo, G. (2013). Infinite-time average of local fields in an integrable quantum field theory after a quantum quench. Physical Review Letters 111, 100401. Naghavi, S.S., Fabrizio, M., Qin, T., Tosatti, E. (2013). Electron doped organics: disproportionated insulators and Hubbard-Frohlich metals. Physical Review B 88, 115106. Nguyen, M. T. (2013). An ab initio study of oxygen on strained graphene. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 25(39), 395301. Nguyen, M. T. (2013). Oxygen monomers and dimers at gas-phase and Ag (111)-supported nanographenes: A density functional theory study. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(11), 114307. Nguyen, M.-T., Seriani, N., & Gebauer, R. (2013). Water adsorption and dissociation on alpha - Fe2O3(0001): PBE+U calculations. Journal of Chemical Physics, 138, 194709. Prestipino, S., Laio, A., & Tosatti, E. (2013). A fingerprint of surface-tension anisotropy in the free-energy cost of nucleation. The Journal of chemical physics, 138(6), 064508. Raji, A. T., Scandolo, S., Härting, M., & Britton, D. T. (2013). Probing the structure of iron at extreme conditions by X-ray absorption near-edge structure calculations. High Pressure Research, 33(1), 119-123. Russomanno, A., Silva, A., & Santoro, G. E. (2013). Linear response as a singular limit for a periodically driven closed quantum system. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2013(09), P09012. Shchyrba, A., Nguyen, M. T., Wäckerlin, C., Martens, S., Nowakowska, S., Ivas, T., ... & Jung, T. A. (2013). Chirality Transfer in 1D Self-Assemblies: Influence of H-Bonding vs Metal Coordination between Dicyano [7] helicene Enantiomers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(41), 15270-15273. Shekhter, R. I., Gorelik, L. Y., Krive, I. V., Kiselev, M. N., Parafilo, A. V., & Jonson, M. (2013). Nanoelectromechanics of shuttle devices. Nanoelectromechanical Systems, 1, 1-25. Shtyk, A. V., Feigel’man, M. V., & Kravtsov, V. E. (2013). Magnetic Field-Induced Giant Enhancement of Electron-Phonon Energy Transfer in Strongly Disordered Conductors. Physical Review Letters, 111(16), 166603. Silvi, P., Rossini, D., Fazio, R., Santoro, G. E., & Giovannetti, V. (2013). Matrix Product State representation for Slater Determinants and Configuration Interaction States. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 27(01n03). Smacchia, P., & Silva, A. (2013). Work distribution and edge singularities for generic time-dependent protocols in extended systems. Physical Review E, 88(4), 042109. Sotiriadis, S., Gambassi, A., & Silva, A. (2013). Statistics of the work done by splitting a one-dimensional condensate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1303.0782. Timrov, I., Vast, N., Gebauer, R., & Baroni, S. (2013). Electron energy loss and inelastic x-ray scattering cross sections from time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory. Physical Review B, 88(6), 064301. Tyrcha, J., Roudi, Y., Marsili, M., & Hertz, J. (2013). The effect of nonstationarity on models inferred from neural data. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2013(03), P03005. Vanossi, A., Manini, N., Urbakh, M., Zapperi, S., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Colloquium: Modeling friction: From nanoscale to mesoscale. Reviews of modern physics, 85(2), 529-552. Vanossi, A., Benassi, A., Varini, N., & Tosatti, E. (2013). High-pressure lubricity at the meso-and nanoscale. Physical Review B, 87(4), 045412. Xie, H. Y., & Müller, M. (2013). Localization in coupled heterogeneously disordered transport channels on the Bethe lattice. Physical Review B, 87(9), 094202.
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Yu, X., & Müller, M. (2013). Localization of disordered bosons and magnets in random fields. Annals of Physics, 337, 55-93. Zhang, X. H., Santoro, G. E., Tartaglino, U., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Dynamical phenomena in fast sliding nanotube models. Philosophical Magazine, 93(8), 922-948. Ziraldo, S., & Santoro, G. E. (2013). Relaxation and thermalization after a quantum quench: Why localization is important. Physical Review B, 87(6), 064201.
Submitted (17)
Andreanov, A., Scardicchio, A., & Torquato, S. (2013). Extreme lattices: symmetries and decorrelations. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.1301. Arean, D., Farahi, A., Zayas, L. A. P., Landea, I. S., & Scardicchio, A. (2013). A Dirty Holographic Superconductor. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.1920. Bardoscia, M., Nagaj, D., & Scardicchio, A. (2013). The SAT-UNSAT transition in the adversarial SAT problem. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.0967. Batalhão, T., Souza, A. M., Mazzola, L., Auccaise, R., Oliveira, I. S., Goold, J., ... & Serra, R. M. (2013). Experimental reconstruction of work distribution and verification of fluctuation relations at the full quantum level. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.3241. Currently on second round of review with Nature Physics. Chakraborti, A., Challet, D., Chatterjee, A., Marsili, M., Zhang, Y.-C., & Chakrabarti, B.K. Statistical mechanics of competitive resource allocation. Submitted to Review of Modern Physics. De Luca, A., Scardicchio, A., Kravtsov, V. E., & Altshuler, B. L. (2013). Support set of random wave- functions on the Bethe lattice. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.0019. Physical Review Letters. Fiaschi, D., Kondor, I., & Marsili, M. The interrupted power law and the size of shadow banking. Submitted to PlosOne. Gebauer, R., Cohen, M.H., & Car, R. (2014). Correlated electron calculations with Hartree-Fock scaling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.3929. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Hassanali, A.A., Giberti, F., Sosso, G., & Parrinello, M. The role of the umbrella inversion mode in proton transfer. Chemical Physics Letters. Iqbal, Y., Poilblanc, D., Becca, F. (2013). Vanishing spin gap in a competing spin-liquid phase in the Kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Nguyen, M.T., & Gebauer, R. (2014). Graphene supported on -Fe2O3(0001): a density-functional study. Submitted to Journal of Physical Chemistry C. Nguyen, M.T., Seriani, N., Piccinin, S., BGebauer, R. (2013). Photo-driven oxidation of water on alpha- Fe2O3 surfaces: an ab initio study. Journal of Chemical Physics. Nguyen, T.T., Herrmann, A.J., Troyer, M., Pilati, S. (2013). Critical temperature of interacting Bose gases in periodic potentials. Physical Review Letters. Pantha, N., Adhikari, N.P., & Scandolo, S. Stability of methane hydrates at high pressure: a density- functional theory study. Submitted to Journal of Chemical Physics. Riflikova, M., Martonak, R., & Tosatti, E. (2014). Pressure induced gap closing and metallization of MoSe2 and MoTe2. Submitted. Song, T., Kiselev, M.N.; Kikoin, K.A., Shekhter, R.I., & Gorelik, L.Y. (2013). Self-sustained oscillations in nanoelectromechanical systems induced by Kondo resonance. rXiv preprint arXiv:1311.2317. Submitted to New Journal of Physics. Yao, N. Y., Laumann, C. R., Gopalakrishnan, S., Knap, M., Mueller, M., Demler, E. A., & Lukin, M. D. (2013). Many-body localization with dipoles. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.7151. Physical Review Letters.
In Press (19)
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Amini, M., Kravtsov, V. E., & Müller, M. (2014). Multifractality and quantum-to-classical crossover in the Coulomb anomaly at the Mott–Anderson metal–insulator transition. New Journal of Physics, 16(1), 015022. Bhattacharya, S. K., Inam, F., & Scandolo, S. (2014). Excess electrons in ice: a density functional theory study. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 16(7), 3103-3107. Borghi, G., Fabrizio, M., & Tosatti, E. (2013). Self-consistent Gutzwiller study of bcc Fe: interplay of ferromagnetic order and kinetic energy. arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.5738. Ding, Y., Hassanali, A. A., & Parrinello, M. (2014). Anomalous water diffusion in salt solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(9), 3310-3315. Fanetti, S., Lapini, A., Pagliai, M., Citroni, M., Di Donato, M., Scandolo, S., ... & Bini, R. (2013). Structure and Dynamics of Low-Density and High-Density Liquid Water at High Pressure. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. Ferrero, E.E., Kolton, A.B., & Palassini, M. (2014). A parallel kinetic Monte Carlo technique for the simulation of Coulomb glasses on Graphics Processing Units. 15th International Conference on Transport in Interacting Disordered Systems (TIDS15), 1-5 September 2013. To appear in AIP Conference Proceedings Freiman, Y.A., & Crespo, Y. "Isotope effects, ortho/para species" of the first volume of the book series “Materials under extreme conditions”. World Scientific Publishing Co, Singapore. Chapter 5. Ge, X., Binnie, S. J., Rocca, D., Gebauer, R., & Baroni, S. (2014). turboTDDFT 2.0—Hybrid functionals and new algorithms within time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory. Computer Physics Communications. Guidini, A., Bertaina, G., Fratini, E., & Pieri, P. (2014). Bose-Fermi mixtures in the molecular limit. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.0686. Langer, M., Kisiel, M., Pawlak, R., Pellegrini, F., Santoro, G. E., Buzio, R., Tosatti, E. ... & Meyer, E. (2014). Giant frictional dissipation peaks and charge-density-wave slips at the NbSe2 surface. Nature materials, 13(2), 173-177. Marino, J., & Silva, A. (2014). Nonequilibrium dynamics of a noisy quantum Ising chain: Statistics of work and prethermalization after a sudden quench of the transverse field. Physical Review B, 89(2), 024303. Nguyen, M. T., Seriani, N., Piccinin, S., & Gebauer, R. (2014). Photo-driven oxidation of water on !- Fe2O3 surfaces: An ab initio study. The Journal of chemical physics, 140(6), 064703. Nyawere, P. W. O., Scandolo, S., Makau, N. W., & Amolo, G. O. (2014). Ab-initio calculation of formation and migration energies of intrinsic defects in BaF< sub> 2. Solid State Communications, 179, 25-28. Pilati, S., Zintchenko, I., & Troyer, M. (2014). Ferromagnetism of a Repulsive Atomic Fermi gas in an Optical Lattice: a Quantum Monte Carlo study. Physical Review Letters, 112(1), 015301. Raji, A. T., & Scandolo, S. (2014). Theoretical X-ray absorption near-edge structure signatures of solid and liquid phases of iron at extreme conditions. High Pressure Research, (ahead-of-print), 1-9. Requist, R., Modesti, S., Baruselli, P. P., Smogunov, A., Fabrizio, M., & Tosatti, E. (2014). Kondo conductance across the smallest spin 1/2 radical molecule. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(1), 69-74. Schiulaz, M., & Müller, M. (2013). Ideal quantum glass transitions: many-body localization without quenched disorder. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.1082. Sindona, A., Gullo, N. L., Goold, J., & Plastina, F. (2013). Statistics of the work distribution for a quenched Fermi gas. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.2669. Sotiriadis, S., Takacs, G., & Mussardo, G. (2013). Boundary State in an Integrable Quantum Field Theory Out of Equilibrium. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.4418.
MATHEMATICS Published (17)
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! Arezzo, C., Loi, A., & Zuddas, F. (2013). Szegö kernel, regular quantizations and spherical CR-structures. Mathematische Zeitschrift, 275(3-4), 1207-1216. Arezzo, C., & Sun, J. (2013). Self-shrinkers for the mean curvature flow in arbitrary codimension. Mathematische Zeitschrift, 274(3-4), 993-1027. Arezzo, C., & Sun, J. (2013). Conformal solitons to the mean curvature flow and minimal submanifolds. Mathematische Nachrichten, 286(8‐9), 772-790. Bellettini, G.. (2013). Lecture Notes on Mean Curvature Flow, Barriers and Singular Perturbations, Ed. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, 350 pp. Bellettini, G., Paolini M., & Pasquarelli, F. (2013). Nonconvex mean curvature flow as a formal singular limit of the nonlinear bidomain model. Advances in Differential Equations 18, 895-934. Bellettini, G., Geldhauser, C., & Novaga, M. (2013). Convergence of a semidiscrete scheme for a forward- backward parabolic equation, Advances in Differential Equations 18, 495-522. Amato, S., Bellettini, G., & Paolini, M.: Novaga, M. and Orlandi D. (eds.) (2013). The nonlinear multidomain model: a new formal asymptotic analysis, Geometric Partial Differential Equations, Proceedings, Pubbl. Cent. Ric. Mat. Ennio De Giorgi, 33-72. Göttsche, L. (2013). Kurven zaehlen, alt neu und verfeinert, Jahrbuch der Max-Planck Gesellschaft. Alves, J.F., Dias, C., & Luzzatto, S. (2013). Geometry of expanding absolutely continuous invariant measures and the lift ability problem. Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Non Linéaire 30, 101-120. Luzzatto, S., & Melbourne, I. (2013). Statistical properties and decay of correlations for interval maps with critical points and singularities. Communications in Mathematical Physics, 320(1), 21-35. Luzzatto, S., & Sánchez-Salas, F. (2013). Uniform hyperbolic approximations of measures with non-zero Lyapunov exponents. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 141(9), 3157-3169. Nayam, A. H. (2013). On some asymptotical shape problems. Asymptotic Analysis, 83(4), 285-302. Markarian, R., Pacifico, M. J., & Vieitez, J. L. (2013). Exponential speed of mixing for skew-products with singularities. Nonlinearity, 26(1), 269. Ene, V., Qureshi, A. A., & Rauf, A. (2013). Regularity of joint-meet ideals of distributive lattices. arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.7557. Azamov, A. A., & Ruziboyev, M. B. (2013). The time-optimal problem for evolutionary partial differential equations. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 77(2), 220-224. Hausel, T., Letellier, E., & Rodriguez-Villegas, F. (2013). Arithmetic harmonic analysis on character and quiver varieties II. Advances in Mathematics, 234, 85-128. Hausel, T., Letellier, E., & Rodriguez-Villegas, F. (2012). Positivity of Kac polynomials and DT- invariants for quivers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.2375.
In press (12) ! Abdelgadir, T., & Ueda, K. Weighted projective lines as fine moduli spaces of quiver representations. To appear in Communications of Algebra. Arezzo, C., & Sun, J. A variational characterization of J-holomorphic curves. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal). Arezzo, C., Della, Vedova A., & La Nave G. Geometric flows and Kaehler reduction. To appear in Journal of Symplectic Geometry. Bellettini, G., Paolini, M., & Tealdi, L. (2013). On the area of the graph of a piecewise smooth map from the plane to the plane with a curve discontinuity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.2443. To appear in Oberwolfach Reports.
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Chen, Q., & Han, F. (2012). Mod 3 Congruence and Twisted Signature of 24 Dimensional String Manifolds. arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.6949. To appear in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. Nayam, A. H. Constant in two-dimensional p-compliance-network problem. To appear in Networks and Heterogeneous Media. Pacifico, M. J., & Vieitez, J. L. On measure expanding homeomorphisms. Procceedings of the AMS. Pandit, S. J. A note on automorphisms of the sphere complex. Accepted for publication in the journal Proceedings of Mathematical Sciences, Indian Academy of Sciences. Pandit, S.J. The Complex of Non-separating Embedded Spheres, arXiv:submit/0607222 [math.GT]. Accepted for publication in the journal ”Rocky mountain Journal of Mathematics”. Qureshi, A.A. Polarization of Koszul cycles with applications to powers of edge ideals of Whisker graphs with Jurgen! Herzog and Takayuki Hibi. To appear in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. Jouve, F., & Rodriguez Villegas, F. (2014). On the bilinear structure associated to Bezoutians. Journal of Algebra, 400, 161-184. Gorbounov, V., & Smirnov, M. (2013). Some remarks on Landau-Ginzburg potentials for odd-dimensional quadrics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.0142. Accepted for publication in the Glasgow Mathematical Journal.
Submitted (17) Arezzo, C., & Sun, J. A variational characterization of holomorphic submanifolds. Submitted. Bellettini, G., Nayam, A-h., & Novaga, M. (2013). Gamma-type estimates for the one-dimensional Allen-Cahn's action. Bellettini, G., Paolini, M., & Tealdi, L. (2013). On the area of the graph of a piecewise smooth map from the plane to the plane with a curve discontinuity. Chen, Q., & Reshetikhin, N. (2014). Recursion Formulas for HOMFLY and Kauffman Invariants. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.1927. Chen, Q., & Liu, K. (2013). New structure for orthogonal quantum group invariants. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.2981. Dembele, L., & Kumar, A. (2013). Examples of abelian surfaces with everywhere good reduction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.3821. Göttsche, L., & Shende, V. Refined curve counting on complex surfaces. Submitted. Göttsche, L., & Shende, V. The chi_y genera of relative Hilbert schemes for linear systems on Abelian and K3 surfaces. Submitted. Gurjar, S. (2013). Restriction Theorems for Principal Bundles and Some Consequences. arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.7223. Alves, J. F., Dias, C. L., Luzzatto, S., & Pinheiro, V. (2014). SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems whose central direction is weakly expanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.2937. Mellit, A., & Vlasenko, M. (2013). Dwork's congruences for the constant terms of powers of a Laurent polynomial. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.5811. Galkin, S., Katzarkov, L., Mellit, A., & Shinder, E. (2013). Minifolds and phantoms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.4549. Golyshev, V., & Mellit, A. (2014). Gamma structures and Gauss’s contiguity. Journal of Geometry and Physics. Hibi, T., Qureshi, A. A., & Shikama, A. (2013). A Koszul filtration for the second squarefree Veronese subring. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.3076. Ramadas, T. R. (2014). Rational and global forms of certain Chiral Conformal Field Theories; Vertex Algebras I. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.1969.
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Gunnells, P. E., Letellier, E., & Rodriguez Villegas, F. (2013). Torus orbits on homogeneous varieties and Kac polynomials of quivers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.0545. Hausel, T., & Rodriguez Villegas, F. (2013). Cohomology of large semiprojective hyperkaehler varieties. arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.4914.
EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS
Published (55)
Ali, A. H., El Hady, S., Guidarelli, M., & Panza, G. (2012). Source moment tensors of the earthquake swarm in Abu-Dabbab area, south-east Egypt. Rendiconti Lincei, 23(2), 149-163. Aoudia, A. Seismogenic potential and implications on the earthquake rupturing hazard in the framework of the MedGaz Initiative, Ads. Mem. Cartography,1, 29-47. Barimalala, R., Bracco, A., Kucharski, F., McCreary, J. P., & Crise, A. (2013). Arabian Sea ecosystem responses to the South Tropical Atlantic teleconnection. Journal of Marine Systems, 117, 14-30. Basu, S., Holtslag, A. A. M., Caporaso, L., Riccio, A., & Steeneveld, G. J. (2013). Observational Support for the Stability of the Critical Bulk Richardson Number. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1-9. Brandmayr, P., Giorgi, F., Casale, A., Colombetta, G., Mariotti, L., Taglianti, A. V., ... & Pizzolotto, R. (2013). Hypogean carabid beetles as indicators of global warming?. Environmental Research Letters, 8(4), 044047. Camara, M., Diedhiou, A., Sow, B. A., Diallo, M. D., Diatta, S., Mbaye, I., & Diallo, I. (2013). Analyse de la pluie simulée par les modèles climatiques régionaux de CORDEX en Afrique de l’Ouest. Science et changements planétaires/Sécheresse, 24(1), 14-28. Caminade, C., Kovats, R., Rocklov, J., Tompkins, A., Morse, A.P., Colón-González, F., Stenlund, H., Martens, P., Lloyd, S. Modelling the impact of climate change on malaria: a comparison of global malaria models. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Coll, M., Libralato, S., Pitcher, T. J., Solidoro, C., & Tudela, S. (2013). Sustainability implications of honouring the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Global Environmental Change, 23(1), 157-166. Danabasoglu, G., Yeager, S.G., Bailey, D., Behrens, E., Bentsen, M., Bi, D., Biastoch, A., Boning, C., Bozec, A., Canuto, V.M., Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Coward, A.C., Danilov, S., Diansky, N., Drange, H., Farneti, R., Fernandez, E., Fogli, P.G., Forget, G., Fujii, Y., Griffies, S.M., Gusev, A., Heimbach, P., Howard, A., Jung, T., Kelley, M., Large, W., Leboissetier, A., Lu, J., Madec, G., Marsland, S.J., Masina, S., Navarra, A., Nurser, A.J.G., Pirani, A., Salas y Melia, D., Samuels, B., Scheinert, M., Sidorenko, D., Treguier, A.M., Tsujino, H., Uotila, P., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A., & Wang, Q. (2014). North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: Mean states. Ocean Modelling, 73, 76-107. Dash, S. K., Mamgain, A., Pattnayak, K. C., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Spatial and temporal variations in Indian summer monsoon rainfall and temperature: an analysis based on RegCM3 simulations. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170(4), 655-674. Diallo, I., Sylla, M. B., Camara, M., & Gaye, A. T. (2013). Interannual variability of rainfall over the Sahel based on multiple regional climate models simulations. Theoretical and applied climatology, 113(1-2), 351-362. Diallo, I., Sylla, M. B., Gaye, A. T., & Camara, M. (2013). Comparaison du climat et de la variabilité interannuelle de la pluie simulée au Sahel par les modèles climatiques régionaux. Science et changements planétaires/Sécheresse, 24(2), 96-106. Di Giuseppe, F., Molteni, F., & Tompkins, A. M. (2013). A rainfall calibration methodology for impacts modelling based on spatial mapping. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139(674), 1389- 1401.
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Ehsan, M. A., Kang, I. S., Almazroui, M., Abid, M. A., & Kucharski, F. (2013). A quantitative assessment of changes in seasonal potential predictability for the twentieth century. Climate dynamics, 41(9-10), 2697- 2709. Elguindi, N., Rauscher, S. A., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Historical and future changes in maximum and minimum temperature records over Europe. Climatic change, 117(1-2), 415-431. Elguindi, N., Grundstein, A., Bernardes, S., Turuncoglu, U., & Feddema, J. (2013). Assessment of CMIP5 global model simulations and climate change projections for the 21 st century using a modified Thornthwaite climate classification. Climatic Change, 1-16. Farneti, R., Molteni, F., & Kucharski, F. (2013). Pacific interdecadal variability driven by tropical– extratropical interactions. Climate Dynamics, 1-19. Farneti, R., Salon, S., Crise, A., & Martinez, R. (2013). Climate Change in Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas: Research Experiences and New Scientific Challenges. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(7), ES89-ES92. Farneti, R., & Vallis, G. K. (2013). Meridional Energy Transport in the Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System: Compensation and Partitioning. Journal of Climate, 26(18). Feudale, L., & Kucharski, F. (2013). A common mode of variability of African and Indian monsoon rainfall at decadal timescale. Climate dynamics, 41(2), 243-254. Fu kar, N. S., Xie, S. P., Farneti, R., Maroon, E. A., & Frierson, D. M. (2013). Influence of the Extratropical Ocean Circulation on the Intertropical Convergence Zone in an Idealized Coupled General Circulation Model. Journal of Climate, 26(13). Fuentes-Franco, R., Coppola, E., Giorgi, F., Graef, F., & Pavia, F.G. (2013). Assessment of RegCM- simulated inter-annual and daily scale statistics of temperature and precipitation over Mexico. Climate Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1686-z. Gao, X.J.,Wang, M.L., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Climate change over China in the 21st century as simulated by BCC-CSM1.1-RegCM4.0. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 6, 381-386. Gbobaniyi, E., Sarr, A., Sylla, M. B., Diallo, I., Lennard, C., Dosio, A., ... & Lamptey, B. (2013). Climatology, annual cycle and interannual variability of precipitation and temperature in CORDEX simulations over West Africa. International Journal of Climatology. Grundstein, A., Elguindi, N., Cooper, E., & Ferrara, M. S. (2013). Exceedance of wet bulb globe temperature safety thresholds in sports under a warming climate. Clim Res, 58, 183-191. Güttler, I., Brankovic, C., O’Brien, T. A., Coppola, E., Grisogono, B., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Sensitivity of the regional climate model RegCM4. 2 to planetary boundary layer parameterisation. Climate Dynamics, 1-20. Hazarika, D., Kumar, N., & Yadav, D. K. (2013). Crustal thickness and Poisson’s ratio variations across the northwest Himalaya and eastern Ladakh. Acta Geophysica, 61(4), 905-922. Kucharski, F., Molteni, F., King, M. P., Farneti, R., Kang, I. S., & Feudale, L. (2013). On the need of intermediate complexity general circulation models: a “SPEEDY” example. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(1), 25-30. Kucharski, F., Zeng, N., & Kalnay, E. (2013). A further assessment of vegetation feedback on decadal Sahel rainfall variability. Climate dynamics, 40(5-6), 1453-1466. Kucharski, F., & Zeng, N. (2013). Positive and negative feedbacks in the vegetation impact on the Sahel Drought. Física de la Tierra, 25, 89-101. Kwon, E. Y., Downes, S. M., Sarmiento, J. L., Farneti, R., & Deutsch, C. (2013). The Role of the Seasonal Cycle in the Subduction Rates of Upper-Southern Ocean Waters. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(6). Kumar, N., Yadav, D. K., Mondal, S. K., & Roy, P. N. S. (2013). Stress drop and its relation to tectonic and structural elements for the meizoseismal region of great 1905 Kangra earthquake of the NW Himalaya. Natural hazards, 69(3), 2021-2038. Kumar, N., Arora, B. R., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Yadav, D. K. (2013). Seismogenesis of clustered seismicity beneath the Kangra–Chamba sector of northwest Himalaya: Constraints from 3D local earthquake tomography. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 638-646.
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Lamon, L., Rizzi, J., Bonaduce, A., Dubois, C., Lazzari, P., Ghenim, L., ... Solidoro, C., & Marcomini, A. (2014). An ensemble of models for identifying climate change scenarios in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. Regional Environmental Change, 14(1), 31-40. Nabat, P., Somot, S., Mallet, M., Chiapello, I., Morcrette, J. J., Solmon, F., ... & Skeie, R. (2013). A 4-D climatology (1979–2009) of the monthly tropospheric aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6(5), 1287-1314. Newton, A., Icely, J., Cristina, S., Brito, A., Cardoso, A. C., Colijn, F., ... Solidoro, C., Viaroli, P., & Zaldívar, J. M. (2013). An overview of ecological status, vulnerability and future perspectives of European large shallow, semi-enclosed coastal systems, lagoons and transitional waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Nnamchi, H. C., Li, J., Kang, I. S., & Kucharski, F. (2013). Simulated impacts of the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole on summer precipitation at the Guinea Coast. Climate dynamics, 41(3-4), 677-694. Nogherotto, R., Coppola, E., Giorgi, F., & Mariotti, L. (2013). Impact of Congo Basin deforestation on the African monsoon. Atmospheric Science Letters, 14(1), 45-51. Piontek, F., Muller, C., Pugh T.A.M., Clark, D., Deryng, D., Elliott, J., Colón-González, F., Florke, M., Folberth, C., Franssen, W., Frieler, K., Friend, A.D., Gosling, S.N., Hemming, D., Khabarov, N., Kim, H., Lomas, M., Masaki, Y., Mengel, M., Morse, A., Neumann, K., Nishina, K., Ostberg, S., Pavlick, R., Ruane, A.C., Schewe, J., Schmid, E., Stacke, T., Tang, Q., Tessler, Z., Tompkins, A., Warszawski, L., Wisser, D., & Schellnhuber, H.J. (2013). Multisectoral climate impact hotspots in a warming world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201222471. Querin, S., Cossarini, G., & Solidoro, C. (2013). Simulating the formation and fate of dense water in a midlatitude marginal sea during normal and warm winter conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(2), 885-900. Rahman, M. M., Rafiuddin, M., Alam, M. M., Kusunoki, S., Kitoh, A., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Summer monsoon rainfall scenario over Bangladesh using a high-resolution AGCM. Natural hazards, 69(1), 793-807. Rindraharisaona, E. J., Guidarelli, M., Aoudia, A., & Rambolamanana, G. (2013). Earth structure and instrumental seismicity of Madagascar: Implications on the seismotectonics. Tectonophysics, 594, 165-181. Rodó, X., Pascual, M., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Gershunov, A., Stone, D. A., Giorgi, F., ... & Dobson, A. P. (2013). Climate change and infectious diseases: Can we meet the needs for better prediction?. Climatic change, 118(3-4), 625-640. Schewe, J., Heinke, J., Gerten, D., Haddeland, I., Arnell, N. W., Clark, D. B., ... Colón-González, F...& Kabat, P. (2013). Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201222460. Steiner, A.L, Tawfik, A.B., Shalaby, A., Zakey, A., Abdel Wahab, M.M., Salah Z., Solmon F., Sillman S., & Zaveri R.A. (2013). Climatological simulations of ozone and atmospheric aerosols in the Greater Cairo region. Climate Research, doi:10.3354/cr01211. Sylla, M.B., Giorgi, F., Coppola, E., & Mariotti, L. (2013). Uncertainties in daily rainfall over Africa: Assessment of gridded observation products and evaluation of a regional climate model simulation. International Journal of Climatology, 33, 1805-1817. Teruzzi, A, Dobricic, S., Solidoro, C., & Cossarini, G. (2013). A 3 D variational assimilation scheme in coupled transport biogeochemical models: Forecast of Mediterranean biogeochemical properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009277 Tompkins, A., & Ermert, V. (2013). A regional-scale, high resolution dynamical malaria model that accounts for population density, climate and surface hydrology. Malaria journal, 12(1), 65. Turuncoglu, U. U., Elguindi, N., Giorgi, F., Fournier, N., & Giuliani, G. (2013). Development and validation of a regional coupled atmosphere lake model for the Caspian Sea Basin. Climate dynamics, 41(7-8), 1731-1748. Turuncoglu, U. U., Giuliani, G., Elguindi, N., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Modeling the Caspian Sea and its catchment area using a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM-ROMS): model design and preliminary results. Geoscientific Model Development, 6, 283-299.
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Walsh, K., Giorgi, F., & Coppola, E. (2013). Mediterranean warm-core cyclones in a warmer world. Climate Dynamics, 1-14. Xu, J., Shi, Y., Gao, X., & Giorgi, F. (2013). Projected changes in climate extremes over China in the 21st century from a high resolution regional climate model (RegCM3). Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(12), 1443- 1452. Zandomeneghi, D., Aster, R., Kyle, P., Barclay, A., Chaput, J., & Knox, H. (2013). Internal structure of Erebus volcano, Antarctica imaged by high resolution active source seismic tomography and coda interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 118(3), 1067-1078. Zaroug, M. A. H., Sylla, M. B., Giorgi, F., Eltahir, E. A., & Aggarwal, P. K. (2013). A sensitivity study on the role of the swamps of southern Sudan in the summer climate of North Africa using a regional climate model. Theoretical and applied climatology, 113(1-2), 63-81. Zeleke, T. T., Giorgi, F., Tsidu, G. M., & Diro, G. T. (2013). Spatial and temporal variability of summer rainfall over Ethiopia from observations and a regional climate model experiment. Theoretical and applied climatology, 111(3-4), 665-681.
In press (8)
Adon M., Galy-Lacaux, C., Yoboue V., Delon C., Solmon F., Kaptue Tchuente A.K. (2013). Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO2, HNO3, NH3), sulfur dioxide and ozone in West and Central African ecosystems. To appear in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Elguindi, N., Giorgi, F., & Turuncoglu, U. (2013). Assessment of CMIP5 global model simulations over the subset of CORDEX domains used in the Phase I CREMA. Climatic Change, 1-15. Herceg-Buli , I., & Kucharski, F. (2014). North Atlantic SSTs as a Link between the Wintertime NAO and the Following Spring Climate. Journal of Climate, 27(1). Lazzari, P., Mattia, G., Solidoro, C., Salon, S., Crise, A., Zavatarelli, M., ... & Vichi, M. (2013). The impacts of climate change and environmental management policies on the trophic regimes in the Mediterranean Sea: Scenario analyses. Journal of Marine Systems. Porfírio da Rocha, R., Reboita, M.S., Mosso Dutra, L.M., Llopart Pereira, M., & Coppola, E. Interannual variability associated with ENSO: present and future climate projections of RegCM4 for South America- CORDEX domain. To appear in Climatic Change. Ruti, P., Dell’Aquila, A., & Giorgi, F. Understanding and attributing the Euro-Russian summer blocking signatures. To appear in Atmospheric Science Letters. Torma, C., & Giorgi, F.; Assessing the contributions of different factors in regional climate model projections using the factor Separation method. To appear in Atmospheric Science Letters. Zaroug, M.A.H., Eltahir, E.A.B., & Giorgi, F. Droughts and floods over the upper catchment of the Blue Nile and their connections to the timing of El Nino and La Nina events. To appear in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.
Submitted (28) Borghi, A., Aoudia, A., & Barzaghi, R. Evidence of transient deformation prior to the 2009 l’Aquila earthquake. Submitted to Geophysical Research Letters. Chiacchio, M., Solmon, F., Giorgi, F., Stackhouse Jr, P., & Wild, M. Evaluation of the radiation budget with a regional climate model over Europe and inspection of dimming and brightening. Submitted to Climate Dynamics. Coppola, E., Giorgi, F., Diro, G.T., Fuentes-Franco, R., Giuliani, G., LLopart-Pereira, M., Mamgain, A., Mariotti, L, Raffaele, F, & Torma, C. The bias and climate change signal in the Phase I CREMA experiment. Submitted to Climatic Change.
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Coppola, E., Verdecchia, M., Giorgi, F., Colaiuda, V., Tomassetti, B., & Lombardi, A.; Changing hydrological conditions in the Po basin under global warming. Submitted to Science of the Total Environment. Dash, S.K., Mishra, S.K., Pattnayak, K.C., Mamgain, A., Mariotti, L., Coppola, E., Giorgi, F., & Giuliani, G. projected seasonal mean summer monsoon over India and adjoining regions for the 21st century. Submitted to Theoretical and Applied Climatology. Diallo, I., Giorgi, F., Sandeep, P., Stordal, F., & Giuliani, G. Change in daily extremes in the early future over Southern Africa using the RegCM4 regional climate model. Submitted to International Journal of Climatology. Diro, G.T, Giorgi, F., Fuentes-Franco, R., Walsh, K.J.E., Giuliani, G., & Coppola, E.; Tropical cyclones in an ensemble of regional climate change projections for the CORDEX Central America domain. Submitted to Climatic Change. Downes, S. M., Farneti, R., Danabasoglu, G, Yeager, S.G., Bailey, D., Behrens, E., Bentsen, M., Bi, D., Biastoch, A., Boning, C., Bozec, A., Canuto, V.M., Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Coward, A.C., Danilov, S., Diansky, N., Drange, H., Fernandez, E., Fogli, P.G., Forget, G., Fujii, Y., Griffies, S.M., Gusev, A., Heimbach, P., Howard, A., Jung, T., Kelley, M., Large, W., Leboissetier, A., Lu, J., Madec, G., Marsland, S.J., Masina, S., Navarra, A., Nurser, A.J.G., Pirani, A., Salas y Melia, D., Samuels, B., Scheinert, M., Sidorenko, D., Treguier, A.M., Tsujino, H., Uotila, P., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A., & Wang. An assesment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988-2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Submitted to Ocean Modelling. Farneti, R., Dwivedi, S., Kucharski, F., Molteni, F., & Griffies, S. On the subtropical Pacific meridional overturning circulation variability over the second half of the 20th Century. Submitted to J. Climate. Fuentes-Franco, R., Coppola, E., Giorgi, F., Pavia, E.G., Diro, G.T., & Graef, F. Changes in interannual variability of precipitation and temperature over Mexico and Central America from RegCM4 projections. Submitted to Climate Dynamics. Giorgi, F. et al. Changes in extremes and hydroclimatic regimes in the CREMA ensemble projections. Submitted to Climatic Change. Griffies, S. M., Yin, J., Durack, P.J., Goddard, P., Bates, S.C., Behrens, E., Bentsen, M., Bi, D., Biastoch, A., Boning, C., Bozec, A., Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Domingues, C., Drange, H., Farneti, R., Fernandez, E., Greatbatch, R.J., Holland, D.M., Ilicak, M., Lu, J., Marsland, S.J., Mishra, A., Lorbacher, K., Nurser, A.J.G., Salas y Melia, D., Palter, J.B., Samuels, B., Schroter, J., Schwarzkopf, F.U., Sidorenko, D., Treguier, A.M., Tseng, Y.H., Tsujino, H., Uotila, P., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A., Wang, Q., Winton, M., & Zhang, X. (2014). Global and regional sea level in a suite of interannual CORE-II hindcast simulations. Ocean Modelling. Hamling, I. J., & Aoudia, A., InSAR observations of fault controlled subsidence along the Hun Graben, Libya. Submitted to G-cubed. Javed, F., Hainzl, S., Aoudia, A., & Qaisar, M. Modeling of the 2005 Kashmir Aftershock Decay Rate based on Static Coulomb Stress Changes and Laboratory Derived Rate and State Dependent Frictional Law. Submitted to Geophysical Journal International Kang, I.-K., Kucharski, F., Rashid, I., & Almouzoui, M. Multi-decadal changes of the relationship between ENSO and annual precipitation in Arabian Peninsula. Submitted to Climate Dynamics. Kucharski, F., Syed, F. S., Burhan, A., Farah, I., & Gohar, A. Tropical Atlantic Influence on Pacific variability and mean state in the 20th century in observations and CMIP5. Submitted to Climate Dynamics. Kumar, N.D., Aoudia, A., & Guidarelli, M. Broad low velocity crustal roots between a strong Indian plate and the Tarim block revealed by a regional seismological network. Submitted to Geophysical Research Letters. Li, L., Diallo, I., Chong-Yu, X., & Stordal, F. Hydrological projections under climate change in the near future by RegCM4 in Southern Africa using large-scale hydrological model. Submitted to Journal of Hydrology. Llopart, M.P., Coppola, E., Giorgi, F., Da Rocha, R.P., & Cuadra, S.V. Climate change impact on precipitation for the Amazon and La Plata basins. Submitted to Climatic Change.
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Mariotti, L., Diallo, I., Coppola, E., & Giorgi, F. Seasonal and intraseasonal changes of Africa monsoon climates in 21st century CORDEX projections. Submitted to Climatic Change. Martin-Rey, M., Rodriguez-Fonseca, B., Polo, I., & Kucharski, F. On the Atlantic-Pacific Ninos connection: A multidecadal mode. Submitted to Climate Dynamics. Melaku Canu, D., & Solidoro, C. Governance shifts and elements of unsustainability in socioeconomic systems: lessons from failure in managing calm exploitation in the lagoon of Venice. Submitted to Fish and Fisheries. No, H. H., Kang, I.-S., & Kucharski, F. A mechanism for the ENSO amplitude modulation associated with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation. Submitted to J. Climate. Polo, I., Martin-Rey, M., Rodriguez-Fonseca, B., & Kucharski, F. Mechoso,C. R., Processes in the Pacific La Nina onset triggered by the Atlantic Nino. Submitted to Climate Dynamics. Rodriguez-Fonseca, B., Mohino E.,, Mechoso C. R. , Cyril, C, Marco Gaetani, M.,, J. Garcia-Serrano, J., Biasutti, M.,, Edward K. Vizy, K. E., Cook,K.,Xue, Y.,Fontaine, B., Polo, I., Losada, T., Bader,J., Doblas- Reyes, F. J., Goddard, L., Janicot, S., Arribas,A., Druyan,L., Lau, W., Colman, A., Rowell, D. P., Kucharski, F., & Voldoire, A. Climate Variability and Predictability of West African Droughts. Submitted to J. Climate. Ruti, P., Giorgi, F., et al., MED-CORDEX initiative for Mediterranean climate studies. Submitted to Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Tompkins, A., & Di Giuseppe, F. The potential to use seasonal climate forecasts to plan malaria intervention strategies in Africa. Submitted to Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Zaroug, M.A.H., Giorgi, F., Coppola, E., & Eltahir, E.A.B. Simulating the connections of ENSO and the hydrology of the Blue Nile using a climate model of the tropics. Submitted to Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.
STRUCTURE AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF THE EARTH Published (16) Brandmayr, E., Romanelli, F., & Panza, G.F. (2013). Stability of fault plane solutions for the major N- Italy seismic events in 2012. Tectonophysics, 608, 525–529. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.034. El Gabry, M.N., Panza, G.F., Badawy, & A.A., Korrat, I.M. (2013). Imaging a relic of complex tectonics: the lithosphere-asthenosphere structure in the Eastern Mediterranean. Terra Nova, 25(2), 102-109. doi: 10.1111/ter.12011. Foulger, G.R., Panza, G.F., Artemieva, I.M., Bastow, I.D., Cammarano, F., Evans, J.R., Hamilton, W.R., Julina, B.R., Lustrino, M., Thybo, H., &Yanovskaya, T.B. (2013). Caveats on tomographic images. Terra Nova, 25, 259-281. doi: 10.1111/ter.12041. Gonzalez, O., Moreno, B., Romanelli, F., & Panza, G.F. (2012). Lithospheric structure below seismic stations in Cuba from the joint inversion of Rayleigh surface waves dispersion and receiver functions. Geophysical Journal International, 189, 1047-1059. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05410.x. Kronrod, T., Radulian, M., Popa, M., Panza, G.F., Paskaleva, I., Radovanovich, S., Gribovzki, K., Sandu, I., & Pekevski, L. (2013). Integrated transnational macroseismic data set for the strongest earthquakes of Vrancea (Romania). Tectonophysics 590, 1-23 doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.019. Mohanty, W.K., Verma, A.K., Vaccari, F., & Panza G.F. (2013). Influence of epicentral distance on local seismic response in Kolkata City, India. J. Earth Syst. Sci. 122 (2), 321-338. Indian Academy of Sciences. Maybodian M., Zare M., Hamzeloo H., Peresan A., Ansari A., & Panza G.F. (2013). Analysis of precursory seismicity patterns in Zagros (Iran) by CN algorithm. Turkish J Earth Sci. (2013) 22. doi:10.3906/yer-1212- 6 Mourabit, T., Abou Elenean, K.M., Ayadi, A., Benouar, D., Ben Suleman, A., Bezzeghoud, M., Cheddadi, A., Chourak, M., El Gabry, M.N., Harbi, A., Hfaiedh, M., Hussein, H.M., Kacem, J., Ksentini, A., Jabour, N., Magrin, A., Maouche, S., Meghraoui, M., Ousadou, F., Panza, G.F., Peresan, A., Romdhane, N., Vaccari, F., & Zuccolo, E. (2013). Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa. J Seismol, 21 June 2013. doi: 10.1007/s10950-013-9375-2.
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Nekrasova, A., Kossobokov, V., Peresan, A., & Magrin, A. (2013). The comparison of the NDSHA, PSHA seismic hazard maps and real seismicity for the Italian territory. Natural Hazards (published online: 7 September 2013) doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0832-6. Panza, G.F. (2013). Gli "effetti di sito" non sono fenomeni persistenti: dipendono molto dalla sorgente sismica. 21mo Secolo Scienza e Tecnologia, 1, pp 14-17. Panza, G.F., Peresan, A., & La Mura, C. (2013). Seismic hazard and strong ground motion: an operational neo-deterministic approach from national to local scale. Geophysics and Geochemistry, [Eds.UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee]. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems(EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK. Peresan, A., Magrin, A., Nekrasova, A., Kossobokov, V.G., & Panza, G.F. (2013). Earthquake recurrence and seismic hazard assessment: a comparative analysis over the Italian territory. Proceedings of the ERES 2013 Conference. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 132, 23-34. doi: 10.2495/ERES130031, ISSN 1743-3509. Peresan, A., & Panza, G.F. (2013). Stima della pericolosita' sismica. Ndsha, un approccio piu' avanzato. 2087 Formazione e informazione per la sicurezza sul lavoro. Fabbriche a rischio e terremoti, 3, pp 19-21. Peresan, A., & Panza G.F. (2013). Scenari Neo-deterministici di pericolosita' sismica (NDSHA) dipendenti dal tempo. Giornata di studio Sicurezza sismica degli impianti chimici a rischio di incidente rilevante Roma 7 febbraio 2013, 11-16. Radan, M.Y., Hamzehloo H., Peresan A., Zare M., & Zafarani H., 2013. Assessing performances of pattern informatics method: a retrospective analysis for Iran and Italy. Nat Hazards. doi 10.1007/s11069-013-0660-8 Romashkova, L., & Peresan, A. (2013). Analysis of Italian Earthquake catalogs in the context of intermediate-term prediction problem. Acta Geophysica 61 3 583-610 doi:10.2478/s11600-012-0085-x. Zhang, Z., Deng, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J., Teng, J., & Panza, G.F. (2013). Seismic structure and rheology of the crust under mainland China. Gondwana Research 23, 1455-1483. Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Deng, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J., Teng, J., Chen, Y., Fan, W., & Panza, G.F. (2013). Geophysical constraints on mesozoic disruption of North China Craton by underplating-triggered lower-crust flow of the Archaean lithosphere. Terra Nova, 25, (3), 245-251. doi: 10.1111/ter.12032.
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APPLIED PHYSICS TELECOMMUNICATIONS/ICT FOR DELEVOPMENT LABORATORY IONOSPHERIC RADIOPROPAGATION Published (6) Brunini, C., Azpilicueta, F., & Nava, B. (2013). A technique for routinely updating the ITU-R database using radio occultation electron density profiles. Journal of Geodesy, 87(9), 813-823. Migoya-Orue, Y. O., Radicella, S. M., & Nava, B. (2013). Comparison of topside electron density computed by ionospheric models and plasma density observed by DMSP satellites. Advances in Space Research, 52, 1710-1716. Nigussie, M., Radicella, S. M., Damtie, B., Nava, B., Yizengaw, E., & Groves, K. (2013). Validation of the NeQuick 2 and IRI-2007 models in East-African equatorial region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- Terrestrial Physics, 102, 26-33. Sánchez-Cano, B., Radicella, S. M., Herraiz, M., Witasse, O., & Rodríguez-Caderot, G. (2013). NeMars: An empirical model of the martian dayside ionosphere based on Mars Express MARSIS data. Icarus, 225(1), 236-247. Bolaji, O. S., Adeniyi, J. O., Adimula, I. A., Radicella, S. M., & Doherty, P. H. (2013). Total electron content and magnetic field intensity over Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 98, 1-11.
Cefalo, R., Cramastetter, S., Maver, S., & Paparini, C. (2014). Analisi e trasmissione di Messaggi di Allerta per la Gestione delle Emergenze Ambientali. GEOmedia, 17(5). In print (2) Shaikh, M. M., Notarpietro, R., & Nava, B. (2013). The Impact of Spherical Symmetry Assumption on Radio Occultation Data Inversion in the Ionosphere: An Assessment Study. Advances in Space Research. Torre, A., Alexander, P., Llamedo, P., Hierro, R., Nava, B., Radicella, S. M., Schmidt, T. & Wickert, J. (2014). Wave activity at ionospheric heights above the Andes Mountains detected from FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS/ICT FOR DELEVOPMENT LABORATORY WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SECTION Published (9) Books or book chapters Pietrosemoli, E, & Zennaro, M. (eds.), TV White Spaces, a pragmatic approach. (2013). ISBN 978- 9295003-50-7 Journal articles Mafuta, M., Zennaro, M., Bagula, A., Ault, G., Gombachika, H., & Chadza, T. (2013). Successful deployment of a wireless sensor network for precision agriculture in malawi. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2013.
Conference Proceedings
Arcia-Moret, A., Zennaro, M., Pietrosemoli, E., WhispPi: White Space Monitoring with Raspberry Pi Proceedings of the Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium 2013, Trento, Italy, 28- 31 October 2013 Jimenez, J., Baig, R., Escrich, P., Khan, A. M., Freitag, F., Navarro, L., Pietrosemoli, E., Zennaro, M., Payberah, A. H., Vlassov, V. Supporting Cloud Deployment in the Guifi Community Network Proceedings of the Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium 2013, Trento, Italy, 28-31 October 2013
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Lara Cueva, R.A., Caamano, A., Zennaro, M., Rojo-Alvarez, J.L. Towards a New Volcano Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, Melbourne, Australia, 2-5 April 2013 Nleya, S., Bagula, A., Zennaro, M., Pietrosemoli, E. A TV White Space Broadband Market Model for Rural Entrepreneurs Proceedings of the Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium 2013, Trento, Italy, 28-31 October 2013 Sala, S., Zennaro, M., Sokol, L., Miao, A., Spousta, R., Chan, S., Mitigation of Rain-Induced Ka-Band Attenuation and Enhancement of Communications Resiliency in Sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of SIG GlobDev Sixth Annual Workshop, Milano, Italy, December 14, 2013 Zennaro, M., Pietrosemoli, E., Mlatho, JSP., Thodi, M., Mikeka, C. An Assessment Study on White Spaces in Malawi Using Affordable Tools Proceedings of the IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference 2013, San Jose, USA, October 20-23 2013 Zennaro, M., Pietrosemoli, E., Arcia-Moret, A., Mikeka, C., Pinifolo, J., Wang, C., Song, S. TV White Spaces, I presume? Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD2013), Cape Town, South Africa, 7-10 December 2013
PHYSICS OF THE LIVING STATE ASTROBIOLOGY Published (2) Publication as chapters in books Chela-Flores, J. (2013c). Polyextremophiles: Summary and Conclusions. In Polyextremophiles: Life Under Multiple forms of Stress (pp. 609-615). Joseph Seckbach, Aharon Oren and Helga Stan-Lotter (eds.). Springer Netherlands
Conference Proceedings
Seckbach, J. and Chela-Flores, J. (2013). Life at extreme solar system environments and beyond A minisummary. Katolícka univerzita v Ru omberku Pedagogická fakultaSociálne posolstvo jána pavla ii. Pre dne!n# svet 2013. Zborník Z Medzinárodnej Vedeckej Konferencie, Konanej V Dnoch! 21-22. March, pp. 635-640. http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/Slovak_Proceedings2013.pdf
Submitted (1)
Conference Proceedings
Crawford, I.A., Bowles, N., Jaumann, R., Joy, K., Anand, M., Besse, S., Bottke, B., Bray,V., Burchell, M., Carpenter, J., Chaussidon, M., Chela-Flores, J., Coates, A., Cockell, C., D’Arrigo, P., de Vera, J.-P., Falcke, H., Fernandes, V. A., Fritz, J., Gao, Y., Ghent, R., Glotch, T., Grady, M., Grande, M., Grindrod, P., Gutiérrez, J., Hiesinger, H., Klein-Wolt, M., Knapmeyer, M., Kring, D., Magna, T., Marty, B., Monchieri, E., Osinski, G., Smith, A., Spohn, T., Teanby, N., van Gasselt, S., Wieczorek, M., Wright, I., Werner, S., van Westrenen, W., Wilson, L., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Wuennemann K. and Wurz, P. (2013).Lunar Science as a Window into the Early History of the Solar System, a White Paper submitted in response to ESA’s Call for proposals for Cosmic Vision L2/3 Science Themes. http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/Moon_WP_final.pdf
BIOPHYSICS Published (2) Publications as chapters in books Chela-Flores, J. (2013b). From systems chemistry to systems astrobiology: Life in the universe as an emergent phenomenon. International Journal of Astrobiology, 12 8-16.
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Chela-Flores, J. (2013b). Habitability from Systems Biology: Are Moons relevant? Jean-Pierre Paul de Vera and Joseph Seckbach (eds.) In: Habitability on other planets and satellites-The quest for extraterrestrial life. Series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 349-366. http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/Habitability_3.pdf
In press (1) Chela-Flores, J. (2013c). Fluid mechanics and systems biology for understanding cosmic distribution of life: A review. Computational and Experimental Fluid Mechanics with Applications to Physics, Engineering and the Environment. L. Di G. Sigalotti et al (eds.) Environmental Science and Engineering, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-00191-3_5, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. (In press.) http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/Fluids_SystemBiol.pdf
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RELATED THEORY Published (3) Locatelli, A., Wang, C., Africh, C., Stojic, N., Mentes, T. O., Comelli, G., & Binggeli, N. (2013). Temperature-Driven Reversible Rippling and Bonding of a Graphene Superlattice. ACS nano, 7(8), 6955- 6963. Stojic, N., Mentes, T. O., & Binggeli, N. (2013). Self-organization in Pd/W (110): interplay between surface structure and stress. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 25(35), 355010. Wang, C., Stojic, N., & Binggeli, N. (2013). Optimal interface doping at La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3 (001) heterojunctions for spintronic applications. Applied Physics Letters, 102(15), 152414.
Submitted (2) Wang, C., Stojic, N., & Binggeli, N. Shockley surface states of the ordered c(2 x 2) MnCu/Cu(110) surface alloy. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. Imam, M., Stojic, N., & Binggeli, N. First-principles investigation of a rippled graphene phase on Ir(001): the close link between periodicity, stability and binding. Journal of Physical Chemistry C.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY LABORATORY Published (17)
Journal Articles Alba, D. M., Fortuny, J., Pérez de los Ríos, M., Zanolli, C., Almécija, S., Casanovas-Vilar, I., ... & Moyà-Solà, S. (2013). New dental remains of Anoiapithecus and the first appearance datum of hominoids in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of human evolution, 65(5), 573-584.
By COMPASS Collaboration (including Crespo, M.L. and Cicuttin, A). (2013). Hadron transverse momentum distributions in muon deep inelastic scattering at 160 GeV/c. The European Physical Journal C 73:2531.
By COMPASS Collaboration (including Crespo, M.L. and Cicuttin, A). (2013). Leading order determination of the gluon polarisation from DIS events with high-pT hadron pairs. Physics Letters B 718 922–930.
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By COMPASS Collaboration (including Crespo, M.L. and Cicuttin, A). (2013). Leading and next-to-leading order gluon polarization in the nucleon and longitudinal double spin asymmetries from open charm muoproduction. Physical Review D 87, 052018.
By COMPASS Collaboration (including Crespo, M.L. and Cicuttin, A). (2013). Measurement of the cross section for high-pT hadron production in the scattering of 160-GeV/c muons off nucleons. Physical Review D 88, 091101.
By COMPASS Collaboration (including Crespo, M.L. and Cicuttin, A). (2013). Study of #(1385) and $(1321) hyperon and antihyperon production in deep inelastic scattering. The European Physical Journal C, 73:2581.
Bernardini, F., Sgambati, A., Montagnari Kokelj, M., Zaccaria, C., Micheli, R., Fragiacomo, A., ... & De Min, A. (2013). Airborne LiDAR application to karstic areas: the example of Trieste province (north-eastern Italy) from prehistoric sites to Roman forts. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40(4), 2152-2160.
Bernardini, F., De Min, A., Lenaz, D., Kasztovszky, Z., Turk, P., Velu!%ek, A., Tuniz C., ... & Montagnari Kokelj, E. (2014). Petrographic and geochemical comparison between the Copper Age “Ljubljana type” axes and similar lithotypes from Eisenkappler Diabaszug complex (southern Austria). Journal of Archaeological Science, 41, 511-522.
D’Anastasio, R., Wroe, S., Tuniz, C., Mancini, L., Cesana, D. T., Dreossi, D., ... & Capasso, L. (2013). Micro-Biomechanics of the Kebara 2 Hyoid and Its Implications for Speech in Neanderthals. PloS one, 8(12), e82261.
Rachevski, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Rashevskaya, I., Vacchi, A., Giacomini, G., Picciotto, A., Cicuttin, A., Crespo, M.L., Tuniz, C. (2013). X-ray spectroscopic performance of a matrix of silicon drift diodes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment (NIM-A), Elsevier, 718: 353-355.
Tuniz, C., Bernardini, F., Cicuttin, A., Crespo, M.L., Dreossi, D., Gianoncelli, A., Mancini, L., Mendoza Cuevas, A., Sodini, N., Tromba, G., Zanini, F., Zanolli, C. (2013). The ICTP-Elettra X-ray laboratory for cultural heritage and archaeology. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment (NIM-A), Elsevier, 711: 106-110.
Zanolli, C. (2013). Additional evidence for morpho-dimensional tooth crown variation in a New Indonesian H. erectus sample from the Sangiran Dome (Central Java). PloS one, 8(7), e67233.
Zanolli C.; Mazurier A. (2013) Endostructural characterization of the H. heidelbergensis dental remains from the early Middle Pleistocene site of Tighenif, Algeria. Comptes Rendus Palevol 12: 293-304.
Articles in Volumes
Macchiarelli R., Bayle P., Bondioli L., Mazurier A., & Zanolli C. (2013). From outer to inner structural morphology in dental anthropology. Integration of the third dimension in the
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visualization and quantitative analysis of fossil remains. In (G.R. Scott & J.D. Irish) Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology - Genetics, Evolution, Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 250-277. Montagnari Kokelj M., Bernardini F., Boscarol C., & Velu!%ek A. (2013). Le Karst et les Alpes d'Italie nord-orientale: éléments pour une reconstruction de l'évolution culturelle au cours de la préhistoire récente. In (M.A. Borello) Les hommes et les Alpes. Chasseurs, agricultures et premiers métallurgistes. Oxford: BAR International Series 2476, Archaeopress, pp.147-161. Tuniz, C., Gribkov, V., Crespo, M.L., Cicuttin, A., Miklaszewski, R., Pimenov, V.N., & Demina, E.V. (2013). Creation of a testbed at ICTP based on a repetitive dense plasma focus device for applications in radiation material sciences as well as in nuclear medicine and for training of young researchers. In Integrated Approach to Dense Magnetized Plasmas Applications in Nuclear Fusion Technology, IAEA-TECDOC-1708 ISBN:978-92-0-142810-3, IAEA, pp. 189-204 Velu!%ek, A., Turk, M., & Bernardini, F. (2013). Knapped and polished stone tools. In (A. Velu!%ek) Unknown Spaha. Spaha above Brezovica pri Predgradu, prehistoric settlement area and anti- turkish watch spot. Pokrajinski muzej, 70-81.
In Press (2) Bernardini F., De Min A., Lenaz. D., Kasztovszky Z., Turk P., Velu!%ek A., Szilágyi V., Tuniz C., & Montagnari Kokelj E. (2013). Mineralogical and chemical constraints about the provenance of Copper Age polished stone axes of “Ljubljana type” from Caput Adriae. Archaeometry, doi: 10.1111/arcm.12004. Neenan J., Li C., Rieppel O., Bernardini F., Tuniz C., Muscio G., & Scheyer T. (2013). Unique method of tooth replacement in durophagous placodont marine reptiles, with new data on the dentition of Chinese taxa. Journal of Anathomy (in press).
Submitted (4)
Bernardini F., De Min A., Lenaz. D., Mendoza Cuevas A., Nuviadenu C., Tuniz C., & Montagnari Kokelj E. (2013) Whetstones from Bronze Age hill forts of north eastern Italy. Archaeometry (accepted with revisions). Boschin F., Bernardini F., Zanolli C., & Tuniz C. (2013). MicroCT imaging of Red Fox talus: a non-destructive approach to age at death estimation. Archaeometry (submitted). Chela-Flores, J., Cicuttin, A., Crespo, M.L., & Tuniz, C. (2013). Biogeochemical Fingerprints of life: From Polar ecosystems to the Galilean Moons. European Geosciences Union General Assembly (Egu2014), Vienna, Austria, 27 April -2 May 2014 (Accepted) Zanolli C., Bondioli L., Coppa A., Dean M.C., Bayle P., Candilio F., Capuani S., Dreossi D., Fiore I., Frayer D.W., Libsekal Y., Mancini L., Rook L., Medin Tekle T., Tuniz C., & Macchiarelli R. (2013). The late Early Pleistocene human dental remains from Uadi Aalad and Mulhuli-Amo (Buia), Eritrean Danakil: macromorphology and microstructure. Journal of Human Evolution (submitted).
Conference Proceedings (6) Bayle P., Balzeau A., Zanolli C. (2013). A microCT-based longitudinal study of the dental developmental pattern in the Neandertal child from Pech de l'Azé, France. Proceedings of the European Society for Human Evolution 2: 40.
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Bernardini F., Bayle P., Bondioli L., Coppa A., Dreossi D., Mancini L., Macchiarelli R., Tuniz C., Zanolli C. (2013). Microtomographic-based structural analysis of the Neanderthal child mandible from Archi, Southern Italy. Proceedings of the European Society for Human Evolution 2: 44. Bondioli L., Capuani S., Coppa A., Dean C., Macchiarelli R., Mancini L., Zanolli C. (2013). Dentine growth patterns in human fossil teeth assessed by high resolution Magnetic Resonance micro-imaging. Proceedings of the European Society for Human Evolution 2: 50. Tuniz C., Bernardini F., Bondioli L., Boschian G., Coppa A., Dreossi D., Macchiarelli R., Mancini L., Zanolli C. (2013). A reassessment of the Middle Pleistocene human dental remains from Visogliano (Trieste, Italy) based on high-resolution phase contrast microtomography. Proceedings of the European Society for Human Evolution 2: 229. Zanolli C., Bacon A.M., Bondioli L., Braga J., Demeter J., Dumoncel J., Tuniz C., Volpato V., Macchiarelli R. (2013). Hominid paleobiodiversity at Java during the Early-Middle Pleistocene. New insights from the inner tooth structural morphology. Proceedings of the European Society for Human Evolution 2: 240-241. Zanolli C., Bondioli L., Candilio F., Coppa A., Dreossi D., Frayer D.W., Libsekal Y., Mancini L., Rook L., Medin T., Tuniz C., Macchiarelli R. (2013). Endostructural morphology of the late Early Pleistocene human dental remains from Uadi Aalad and Mulhuli-Amo, Danakil (Afar) depression of Eritrea.
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NEW RESEARCH AREAS RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Published (9)
Timrov, I., Vast, N., Gebauer, & R, Baroni, S. (2013). Electron energy loss and inelastic x-ray scattering cross sections from time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory. Physical Review B 88, 064301. Nguyen, M.T., Seriani, N., & Gebauer, R. (2013). Water adsorption and dissociation on alpha- Fe2O3(0001): PBE+U calculations. Journal of Chemical Physics 138, 194709. Dianat, A., Seriani, N., Bobeth, M., & Cuniberti, G. (2013). Effect of Al-doping on the properties of Li-Mn- Ni-O cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: an ab initio study. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1, 9273. Crespo, Y., Andreanov, A., & Seriani, N. (2013). Competing antiferromagnetic and spin-glass phases in a hollandite structure. Physical Review B 88, 014202. Crespo, Y., & Seriani N. 2013. Electronic and magnetic properties of alpha-MnO2 from ab-initio calculations. Physical Review B 88, 144428. Golze, D., Iannuzzi, M., Nguyen, M.T., Passerone, D., & Hutter, J. (2013). Simulation of Adsorption Processes at Metallic Interfaces: An Image Charge Augmented QM/MM Approach. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 9, 5086. Nguyen, M. T. (2013). Oxygen monomers and dimers at gas-phase and Ag(111)-supported nanographenes: A density functional theory study. Journal of Applied Physics 113, 114307. Nguyen, M. T. (2013). An ab initio study of oxygen on strained graphene. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 25, 395301. Shchyrba, A., Nguyen, M. T. , Weckerlin, C. et al. (2013). Chirality Transfer in 1D Self-Assemblies: Influence of H-Bonding vs Metal Coordination between Dicyano[7]helicene Enantiomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 15270.
In press (2) Nguyen, M.T., Seriani, N., Piccinin, S., & Gebauer, R. (2014). Photo-driven oxidation of water on !-Fe2O3 surfaces: an ab initio study. J. Chem. Phys., in press. Ge, X., Binnie, S., Rocca, D., Gebauer, & R., Baroni, S. (2014). turboTDDFT 2.0 – Hybrid functionals and new algorithms within time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory. http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.0486, Comp. Phys. Comm., in press.
Submitted (2) Gebauer, R., Cohen, M. H., & Car, R. (2014). Correlated Electron Calculations with Hartree-Fock Scaling. http://arxiv.org/abs/1309.3929, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Nguyen, M.T., & Gebauer, R. (2014). Graphene supported on -Fe2O3(0001): A density-functional study. submitted to J. Chem. Phys. C
STRING PHENOMENOLOGY AND COSMOLOGY Published (11)
Cicoli, M., Klevers, D., Krippendorf, S., Mayrhofer, C., Quevedo, F., & Valandro, R. (2013). Explicit de Sitter Flux Vacua for Global String Models with Chiral Matter. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.0014. de Alwis, S., Gupta, R., Hatefi, E., & Quevedo, F. (2013). Stability, tunneling and flux changing de Sitter transitions in the large volume string scenario. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(11), 1-26.
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Burgess, C. P., Cicoli, M., & Quevedo, F. (2013). String inflation after Planck 2013. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(11), 003. Cicoli, M., Krippendorf, S., Mayrhofer, C., Quevedo, F., & Valandro, R. (2013). The web of D-branes at singularities in compact Calabi-Yau manifolds. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013(5), 1-28. Cicoli, M., Krippendorf, S., Mayrhofer, C., Quevedo, F., & Valandro, R. (2013). D3/D7 Branes at Singularities: Constraints from Global Embedding and Moduli Stabilisation. Journal of High Energy Physics, 1307 (2013) 150. Font, A., Quevedo, F., & Theisen, S. (2013). A Comment on Continuous Spin Representations of the Poincar\'e Group and Perturbative String Theory. arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.4771. Cicoli, M., Conlon, J. P., & Quevedo, F. (2013). Dark radiation in LARGE volume models. Physical Review D, 87(4), 043520.
Cicoli, M., Krippendorf, S., Mayrhofer, C., Quevedo, F., & Valandro, R. (2012). D-branes at del Pezzo singularities: global embedding and moduli stabilisation. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2012(9), 1-52. Cicoli, M., Maharana, A., Quevedo, F., & Burgess, C. P. (2012). De Sitter string vacua from dilaton- dependent non-perturbative effects. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2012(6), 1-33. Cicoli, M., Tasinato, G., Zavala, I., Burgess, C. P., & Quevedo, F. (2012). Modulated reheating and large non-gaussianity in string cosmology. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2012(05), 039. Burgess, C. P., Maharana, A., van Nierop, L., Nizami, A. A., & Quevedo, F. (2012). On brane back-reaction and de Sitter solutions in higher-dimensional supergravity. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2012(4), 1-31. In press (1) Cicoli, M., Conlon, J. P., Maharana, A., & Quevedo, F. (2014). A Note on the Magnitude of the Flux Superpotential. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2014(1), 1-14.
SCIENCE DISSEMINATION UNIT Published (7) Canessa, E., & Logofatu, B. (2013). Pinvox Method to Enhance Self-Study in Blended Learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 8(2). Canessa, E., Tenze, L., & Salvatori, E. (2013). Attendance to Massive Open On-line Courses: Towards a Solution to Track on-line Recorded Lectures Viewing. Bulletin of the IEEE Technical Committee on Learning Technology, 15(1), 36. Canessa, E., & Pisani, A. (2013). High school, open on-line courses (HOOC): A Case Study from Italy. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 16(1). Canessa, E., & Pisani, A. (2013). Scuola Digitale OpenDante: Un'Avventura Pedagogica tutta Italiana, Atti Didamatica 2013, Area della Ricerca CNR, Pisa (pp. 979-981). Canessa, E., Fonda, C., Tenze, L., & Zennaro, M. (2013). Red Didáctica para el Desarrollo (DxD.tv), Proceedings XXXIV Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física (RSEF2013) (pp.156). Canessa, E., Tenze, L., Fonda, C., & Zennaro, M. (2013). Apps for synchronized photo-audio recordings to support students. In Proc. LAK 2013 Workshop on Analytics on Video-based Learning (pp. 29-33). Canessa, E., Fonda, C., & Zennaro, M. (2013, February). Low-cost 3D printing: for science, education & sustainable development. ICTP. ISBN 92-95003-48-9
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
1. RESEARCH AND PROGRAMMES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES High Energy, Cosmology and 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 105 462.44 — — Astroparticle Physics (HECAP) Developing 65 106.01 — — Least DC 2 11.74 — — TOTAL 172 580.19 — — Condensed Matter and Statistical 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 132 240.92 — — Physics (CMSP) Developing 79 138.80 — — Least DC 3 2.07 — — TOTAL !"# $%"&'( — — Mathematics (Math) 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 43 83.97 — — Developing 56 111.58 — — Least DC 13 24.82 — — TOTAL 112 220.37 — — Earth System Physics (ESP) 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 53 236.94 — — Developing 33 79.53 — — Least DC 6 20.32 — — TOTAL 92 336.79 — — Applied Physics (AP) 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 42 30.12 — — Developing 15 61.84 — — Least DC 8 1.71 — — TOTAL 65 93.67 — — Miscellaneous Research 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 97 110.74 — — Developing 84 75.51 — — Least DC 6 16.96 — — TOTAL 187 203.21 — — ICTP Elettra Users Programme 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developing 40 13.18 — — — — TOTAL 40 13.18 — — ICTP-University of Trieste Laurea 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 1 2.83 — — Magistralis in Fisica Developing 1 3.29 — — Least DC 2 6.58 — — TOTAL 4 12.69 — — Sandwich Training Educational 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 1 2.93 — — Programme (STEP) Developing 21 71.34 — — Least DC 5 22.03 — — TOTAL 27 96.29 — — Training and Research in Italian 01/01/13 01/01/13 Developed 5 28.60 — — Laboratories (TRIL) Developing 49 294.44 — — Least DC 14 91.59 — — TOTAL 68 414.64 — — Total by region: Developed 479 1199.49 — — Developing 443 955.52 — — Least DC 59 197.82 — — TOTAL RESEARCH AND PROGRAMMES 981 2352.83 — —
continued
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2. POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA PROGRAMME
2430 High Energy Physics (Academic year 01/01/13 31/08/13 Developed 1 7.61 — 2012-2013) Developing 6 43.54 — Least DC 4 28.29 — TOTAL 11 79.44 — 129 2560 High Energy Physics (Academic year 01/09/13 31/12/13 Developed 4 5.95 — 2013-2014) Developing 8 31.27 — Least DC 2 8.02 — TOTAL 14 45.24 — 161 2431 Condensed Matter Physics 01/01/13 31/08/13 Developing 8 54.54 — (Academic year 2012-2013) Least DC 1 7.92 — TOTAL ! "#$%" — 128 2561 Condensed Matter Physics 01/09/13 31/12/13 Developed 5 6.58 — (Academic year 2013-2014) Developing 8 29.29 — Least DC 2 8.02 — TOTAL 15 43.89 — 105 2433 Mathematics (Academic year 2012- 01/01/13 31/08/13 Developing 5 37.91 — 2013) Least DC 6 43.49 — TOTAL && '&$%( — 101 2563 Mathematics (Academic year 2013- 01/09/13 31/12/13 Developed 4 7.17 — 2014) Developing 8 32.05 — Least DC 2 8.02 — TOTAL &% %)$#% — 90 2432 Earth System Physics (Academic 01/01/13 31/08/13 Developed 7 1.87 — year 2012-2013) Developing 5 28.85 — Least DC 4 28.70 — TOTAL &" *!$%# — 89 2562 Earth System Physics (Academic 01/09/13 31/12/13 Developed 6 4.96 — year 2013-2014) Developing 8 29.71 — Least DC 3 11.14 — TOTAL &) %*$'& — 67 Total by region: Developed 27 34.14 — Developing 56 287.16 — Least DC 24 143.60 — TOTAL POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES 107 464.90 — 870
3. TRAINING ACTIVITIES
HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (HECAP): 11 training activities 2441 Mathematica School in Theoretical 11/03/13 16/03/13 Developed 82 15.88 Physics: Advanced Topics in Developing 18 3.47 Conformal Field Theory Least DC 2 0.34 TOTAL &(# &!$"! 8 229 2448 Spring School on Superstring 18/03/13 26/03/13 Developed 106 29.40 Theory and Related Topics Developing 75 21.80 Least DC 3 0.78 TOTAL 184 51.98 13 278 2463 Summer School on Particle Physics 10/06/13 21/06/13 Developed 94 33.91 Developing 80 30.67 Least DC 8 2.99 TOTAL &'# ")$*) 16 491
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2466 Higgs and Beyond the Standard 24/06/13 28/06/13 Developed 48 7.50 Model Physics at the LHC Developing 52 8.38 Least DC 4 0.63 TOTAL !"# !$%&! 33 240 2474 School on New Light in Cosmology 22/07/13 26/07/13 Developed 67 10.88 from the CMB Developing 48 7.84 Least DC 2 0.3 TOTAL !!' !(%") 11 237 2553 Workshop on New Light in 29/07/13 02/08/13 Developed 80 12.53 Cosmology from the CMB Developing 45 7.31 Least DC 2 0.3 TOTAL !)' )"%!# 4 191 2542 School on Supersymmetry and 20/08/13 23/08/13 Developed 70 9.14 Unification of Fundamental Developing 54 6.97 Interactions Least DC 1 0.12 TOTAL !)& !$%)* 14 224 2479 Twenty-first International 26/08/13 31/08/13 Developed 284 53.26 Conference on Supersymmetry and Developing 80 15.52 Unification of Fundamental Least DC 1 0.03 Interactions TOTAL *$& $+%+! 52 481 2478 From Majorana to LHC: Workshop 02/10/13 05/10/13 Developed 33 4.08 on the Origin of Neutrino Mass Developing 16 2.1 TOTAL #( $%!+ 27 45 2489 Workshop on the Future of Dark 08/10/13 11/10/13 Developed 56 6.71 Matter Astro-Particle Physics: Developing 13 1.67 Insights and Perspectives TOTAL $( +%*+ 33 125 2491 Workshop on Galaxy Bias: Non- 08/10/13 11/10/13 Developed 50 6.44 linear, Non-local and Non-Gaussian Developing 8 1.05
TOTAL &+ '%#( 17 52 Total by region: Developed 970 189.73 Developing 489 106.78 Least DC 23 5.49 TOTAL HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (HECAP) 1482 302.00 228 2593
CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS (CMSP): 21 training activities 2440 Sixteenth International Workshop 10/01/13 12/01/13 Developed 204 20.05 on Computational Physics and Developing 41 4.04 Materials Science: Total Energy and Least DC 3 0.3 Force Methods TOTAL )#+ )#%*( 38 352 2522 Hands-on Tutorial on Electronic 14/01/13 18/01/13 Developed 30 4.87 Structure Computations Developing 24 3.95 Least DC 1 0.16 TOTAL && +%(+ 9 214 2504 School on Modern Topics in 28/01/13 08/02/13 Developed 21 8.28 Condensed Matter Physics, Developing 88 34.72 Singapore TOTAL !"( #* 22 275 2549 ADGLASS Winter School on 18/02/13 21/02/13 Developed 52 6.05 Advanced Molecular Dynamics Developing 5 0.66 Simulations TOTAL &' $%'! 13 79
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2449 Thirty-eigth Conference of the 25/03/13 27/03/13 Developed 102 10.02 Middle European Cooperation in Developing 17 1.68 Statistical Physics - MECO38 Least DC 1 0.1 TOTAL !"# !!$%# 13 164 2451 Workshop on Interferometry and 08/04/13 12/04/13 Developed 60 9.57 Interactions in Non-equilibrium Developing 15 2.47 Meso- and Nano-system Least DC 1 0.16 TOTAL &' !"$"# 33 71 2462 Workshop on Ultracold Atoms and *14534*1 *24534*1 !"#"$%&"' () *+,-- Gauge Theories !"#"$%&./0 +1 1,23 TOTAL !#& !'$&( )* !!! 2461 Spring College on Physics of 20/05/13 14/06/13 Developed 41 31.96 Complex Systems Developing 18 14.99 TOTAL *+ ('$+* 9 130 2469 Workshop and Conference on 01/07/13 05/07/13 Developed 66 10.59 Geometrical Aspects of Quantum Developing 25 4.02 States in Condensed Matter Least DC 3 0.47 TOTAL +( !*$#% 22 98 2471 School on Hands-on Research in 01/07/13 05/07/13 Developed 35 12.94 Complex Systems Developing 53 20.55 Least DC 1 0.39 TOTAL %+ ))$%% 25 240 2509 Joint ICTP-NSFC School and 08/07/13 12/07/13 Developed 4 0.66 Advanced Workshop on Modern Developing 8 1.32 Electronic Structure Computations, Least DC 1 0.16 Shanghai, China TOTAL !) "$!( 2 104 2475 Hands-on Workshop on Density 06/08/13 15/08/13 Developed 86 25.25 Functional Theory and Beyond: Developing 21 6.74 Computational Materials Science for Real Materials TOTAL !#& )!$++ 35 246 2477 Advanced Workshop on Non- 19/08/13 23/08/13 Developed 61 9.34 equilibrium Bosons: From Driven Developing 25 4.11 Condensates to Non-Linear Optics TOTAL %' !)$(* 29 75 2445 Frontiers of Nanomechanics 09/09/13 13/09/13 Developed 70 10.98 Developing 26 4.18 TOTAL +' !*$!' 28 116 2486 ICTP LEMSUPER Conference on 24/09/13 26/09/13 Developed 58 5.59 Mechanisms and Developments in Developing 10 0.99 Light-Element Based and Other Novel TOTAL '% '$*% 36 56 2493 Conference on: Ultrafast Dynamics 14/10/13 18/10/13 Developed 84 12.39 of Correlated Materials Developing 11 1.78 TOTAL +* !($!& 33 87 2497 Conference on Friction and Energy 05/11/13 08/11/13 Developed 92 11.7 Dissipation in Man-made and Developing 14 1.84 Biological Systems Least DC 1 0.13 TOTAL !#& !)$'& 48 117 2498 Conference on Frontiers of 11/11/13 15/11/13 Developed 87 13.15 Condensed Matter Physics Developing 25 4.11 Least DC 1 0.16 TOTAL !!) !&$(" 38 184
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2643 Advanced Quantum ESPRESSO 09/12/13 19/12/13 Developed 11 3.81 Developer Training Developing 4 1.45 TOTAL 15 5.26 6 58 2518 Joint ICTP-VAST-APCTP Regional 09/12/13 20/12/13 Developed 13 4.08 School and Conference on Developing 56 22.09 Theoretical Physics in Topological Phases and Quantum Computation, Hanoi, Viet Nam
TOTAL !" #!$%& 17 150 2517 Winter School in Quantitative 09/12/13 20/12/13 Developed " %#)+ Systems Biology, Bangalore, India TOTAL % '$(" 1 0 Total by region: Developed 1262 224.66 Developing 509 139.44 Least DC 13 2.03 TOTAL CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS (CMSP) 1784 366.13 457 2927
MATHEMATICS (Math): 9 training activities 2460 Advanced School and Workshop in 20/05/13 31/05/13 Developed 65 20.74 Real and Complex Dynamics Developing 24 9.01 Least DC 12 4.48 TOTAL %'% ()$#( 23 175 2468 Fifth Women in Mathematics 27/05/13 01/06/13 Developed 61 10.55 Summer School on Mathematical Developing 10 1.97 Theories towards Environmental Least DC 9 1.78 Models TOTAL *' %)$(' 27 200 2546 ICTP-SISSA-Moscow School on 03/06/13 14/06/13 Developed 37 13.91 Geometry and Dynamics Developing 10 3.5 TOTAL )& %&$)% 9 70 2470 Advanced School and Workshop on 01/07/13 12/07/13 Developed 33 9.17 Matrix Geometries and Applications Developing 41 15.2 Least DC 2 0.79 TOTAL &! #+$%! 22 135 2459 School and Workshop on "Geometric "$'%*'") %&'%('") Developed 68 28.41 Measure Theory and Optimal Developing 21 12.19 Transport" Least DC 1 0.62 TOTAL "' )%$## 23 71 2568 Mediterranean Youth Mathematical 17/07/13 19/07/13 Developed 2 0.2 Championship - MYMC, Rome, Italy Developing 13 1.28 TOTAL %+ %$)* 0 0 2520 Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields 22/07/13 02/08/13 Developed ! "#$" 4 0 TOTAL ) %$+% 4 0 2481 Advanced School and Workshop on 02/09/13 13/09/13 Developed 73 22.82 Random Matrices and Growth Developing 26 9.21 Models TOTAL "" (#$'( 32 100 2482 Workshop on Geometric 09/09/13 13/09/13 Developed 52 8.32 Correspondences of Gauge Theories Developing 7 1.15 Least DC 2 0.16 TOTAL !% "$!( 22 84 Total by region: Developed 395 115.63 Developing 152 53.51 Least DC 26 7.83 TOTAL MATHEMATICS (Math) 573 176.97 162 835
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS (ESP): 18 training activities 2507 Targeted Training Activity (TTA): 14/01/13 25/01/13 Developed 2 0.79 Intraseasonal Monsoon Predictability Developing 1 0.39 and Prediction, Pune, India
TOTAL ! "#"$ 3 7 2444 College on Soil Physics - 30th 25/02/13 01/03/13 Developed 8 1.18 Anniversary (1983-2013) Developing 43 7 Least DC 1 0.16 TOTAL %& $#!' 8 81 2453 School on Modelling Tools and 15/04/13 26/04/13 Developed 16 5.13 Capacity Building in Climate and Developing 27 10.09 Public Health Least DC 8 3.16 TOTAL %" "$#!$ 12 145 2450 Workshop on Mathematical Models 29/04/13 10/05/13 Developed 26 8.58 of Climate Variability, Environmental Developing 20 7.5 Change and Infectious Diseases Least DC 10 3.88
TOTAL %( ")#)( 14 156 2457 Second Workshop on Water !"#!(#%& %)#!(#%& Developed 18 6.08 Resources in Developing Countries: Developing 22 8.3 Planning and Management in a Least DC 12 4.7 Climate Change Scenario TOTAL %& ")#*$ 10 118 2510 Extreme Weather and Climate 03/06/13 07/06/13 Developed 12 1.97 Events in the Southern Caucasus - Developing 19 3.09 Black Sea Region, Tbilisi, Georgia TOTAL !" %#*( 11 67 2464 Earthquake Tectonics and Hazards 17/06/13 21/06/13 Developed 29 8.28 on the Continents Developing 41 16.01 Least DC 7 2.69 TOTAL ++ &(#)$ 19 169 2465 Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on 17/06/13 21/06/13 Developed 25 3.75 Evaluating Groundwater Pathways Developing 17 2.79 and Residence Times as part of Site Least DC 1 0.16 Investigations and Post-Closure Safety Assessments for Geological Repositories
TOTAL '! (#+* 21 95 2512 Fundamentals of Ocean Climate 05/08/13 14/08/13 Developed 9 2.83 Modelling at Global and Regional Developing 24 7.89 Scales, Hyderabad, India Least DC 1 0.33 TOTAL !' ""#*% 8 133 2480 Conference on Synthetic Aperture !'#!$#%& !"#!$#%& Developed 30 4.44 Radar: A Global Solution for Developing 18 2.93 Monitoring Geological Disasters Least DC 4 0.66 TOTAL %& $#*! 14 103 2647 WCRP-World Climate Research 26/09/13 27/09/13 Developed 28 1.28 Programme: first CORDEX Developing 9 0.59 Workshop on Statistical Downscaling TOTAL !+ "#$+ 37 0 2392 Capacity Building Workshop on 07/10/13 11/10/13 Developed 7 1.15 Modeling of Regional Climate and Developing 31 5.1 Air Quality for West Africa, Abidjan, Least DC 12 1.97 Cote d'Ivoire TOTAL %* $#&& 11 94
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2490 Joint ICTP-IAEA Advancing 07/10/13 11/10/13 Developed 12 1.78 Modelling of Climate, Land-use, Developing 19 3.12 Energy and Water (CLEW) Least DC 2 0.33 Interactions TOTAL !! "#$! 16 114 2567 Second VALUE Training School: 21/10/13 31/10/13 Developed 30 9.11 Statistical and Dynamical Least DC 1 0.36 Downscaling of Extreme Events TOTAL !% &#'( 9 0 2496 School and Workshop on Weather 21/10/13 30/10/13 Developed 20 5.39 Regimes and Weather Types in the Developing 29 9.35 Tropics and Extra-tropics: Theory Least DC 6 1.91 and Application to Prediction of Weather and Climate TOTAL "" %)#)" 13 114 2514 Climate and Impact Modeling for (;<0)<01 );<00<01 !"#"$%&"' ( )*+, Eastern Africa: Climate, Water, !"#"$%&-./ 0 )*1, Agriculture, and Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia TOTAL ! %#%* 2 1 2554 Second CLIM-RUN School: Building 02/12/13 06/12/13 Developed 20 2.4 Two-way Communication: A Week of Developing 25 3.95 Climate Services Least DC 2 0.33 TOTAL '( )#)* 10 51 2506 School on Earthquake and Tsunami 09/12/13 20/12/13 Developed 7 1.48 Hazard and Risk, Algiers, Algeria Developing 90 35.51 TOTAL &( !)#&& 17 180 Total by region: Developed 301 66.41 Developing 436 124 Least DC 67 20.64 TOTAL EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS (ESP) 804 211.05 235 1628
APPLIED PHYSICS (AP): 23 training activities 2442 Preparatory School to the Winter 28/01/13 01/02/13 Developed 14 1.94 College on Optics Developing 21 3.19 Least DC 3 0.33 TOTAL !* "#') 8 257 2443 Winter College on Optics: Trends in 04/02/13 15/02/13 Developed 54 12.62 Laser Development and Developing 47 17.26 Multidisciplinary Applications to Least DC 3 1.02 Science and Industry TOTAL %+' !+#&+ 20 317 2505 Workshop on Applications of 04/02/13 15/02/13 Developed 2 0.62 Wireless Technologies, Bogota, Developing 40 15.78 Colombia TOTAL '$ %)#' 7 122 2447 Workshop on Wireless Networking 11/03/13 22/03/13 !"#"$%&"' 02 1*)2 for Science in Africa !"#"$%&-./ 0, 2*,+ 3"4567!8 0( 9*:) TOTAL '( %'#"! 19 200 2452 Advanced School on Synchrotron 15/04/13 26/04/13 !"#"$%&"' (( 2*;; Techniques in Environmental !"#"$%&-./ 1) 00*2+ Scientific Projects 3"4567!8 ( )*+, TOTAL "' %&#!' 21 193
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2454 Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on 22/04/13 26/04/13 Developed 31 4.74 Advanced Synchrotron Radiation Developing 19 3.11 Based X-ray Spectrometry Least DC 1 0.16 Techniques TOTAL !" #$%" 17 98 2455 Joint ICTP-TWAS Workshop on 29/04/13 03/05/13 Developed 29 4.50 Portable X-ray Analytical Developing 21 3.34 Instruments for Cultural Heritage Least DC 2 0.33 TOTAL !& #$"' 17 93 2564 Fifth SESAME Training Advisory 29/04/13 29/04/13 Developed 2 0.07 Committee Meeting Developing 8 0.23 TOTAL "% %$(% 2 0 2456 Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on 06/05/13 10/05/13 Developed 18 2.66 Advances in Digital Spectroscopy Developing 19 3.12 TOTAL (' !$'# 13 87 2458 Workshop on GNSS Data Application 06/05/13 17/05/13 Developed 34 9.01 to Low Latitude Ionospheric Developing 43 16.80 Research Least DC 6 2.37 TOTAL #( &#$"# 26 198 2467 International Workshop on 08/07/13 12/07/13 Developed 58 8.66 Singularities and Topological Developing 25 3.98 Structures of Light TOTAL #( "&$)* 21 97 2666 First session of TREGA Intensive 15/07/13 06/08/13 Developed 8 0.69 Training Developing 2 1.51 Least DC 10 7.07 TOTAL &% +$&' 14 0 2472 Advanced Workshop on Nonlinear 15/07/13 19/07/13 Developed 47 7.46 Photonics, Disorder and Wave Developing 18 2.92 Turbulence TOTAL )! "%$(# 29 79 2473 Joint ICTP-IAEA School on Nuclear 15/07/13 02/08/13 Developed 41 14.07 Energy Management Developing 19 10.91 Least DC 3 1.87 TOTAL )( &)$#! 28 244 2476 Joint ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear 12/08/13 16/08/13 Developed 21 3.45 Knowledge Management Developing 21 3.45 Least DC 5 0.82 TOTAL *' '$'& 9 151 2485 Joint ICTP-IAEA Training in 16/09/13 27/09/13 Developed 15 4.93 Radiation Protection of Patients Developing 27 10.65 Least DC 3 1.18 TOTAL *! ")$') 14 223 2484 ICTP-IAEA Joint Workshop on 30/09/13 04/10/13 Developed 10 1.55 Nuclear Data for Science and Developing 17 2.79 Technology: Medical Applications Least DC 2 0.33 TOTAL &+ *$)' 8 124 2513 School on Advanced Techniques on !"#$!#$% 11/10/13 Developed 7 1.15 Radiotherapy, IMRT, IGRT and VMAT, Developing 47 7.73 Guatemala TOTAL !* #$## 9 46 2495 Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on 21/10/13 25/10/13 Developed 11 1.68 Nuclear Data for Analytical Developing 15 2.47 Applications Least DC 1 0.16 TOTAL &' *$(" 6 136
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2499 International Training Workshop on 11/11/13 22/11/13 Developed 18 3.65 FPGA Design for Scientific Developing 54 20.83 Instrumentation and Computing TOTAL !" "#$#% 22 272 2516 Advanced School on Synchrotron 11/11/13 22/11/13 Developed 26 7.76 Radiation Techniques and Developing 36 13.91 Nanotechnology: A Synergic Approach to Life, Stellenbosch, South Africa TOTAL &" "'$&! 22 109 2501 Training Course on Medical Physics 25/11/13 06/12/13 Developed 26 5.39 for Radiation Therapy: Dosimetry Developing 15 5.65 and Treatment Planning for Basic Least DC 3 1.18 TOTAL ## '"$"" 21 351 2502 Joint ICTP-IAEA International 09/12/13 13/12/13 Developed 11 1.81 Training Workshop on Accuracy Developing 14 2.30 Requirement and Uncertainty in Least DC 4 0.66 Radiation Therapy TOTAL "( #$!! 6 112
Total by region: Developed 521 108.35 Developing 577 170.57 Least DC 60 22.77 TOTAL APPLIED PHYSICS (AP) 1158 301.69 359 3509
PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT (PD): 10 training activities 2531 International Master Course on 01/10/12 &'()&(!* Developed 13 25.22 Physics of Complex Systems Least DC 1 1.94 (ICTP/SISSA/Politecnico Torino) TOTAL '# "!$'& ) ) 2661 International Master Course of )!(!)(!* &'()&(!# Developed !" #"$%# Complex Systems (ICTP/SISSA/Politecnico Torino) TOTAL '! #!$&# ) ) 2503 Workshop on Computer 11/03/13 28/03/13 Developed 43 17.62 Programming and Advanced Tools Developing 15 7.23 for Scientific Research Work and Least DC 4 2.2 Quantum ESPRESSO Developer Training TOTAL &" "!$)* '+ "!# 2547 First International Workshop on 06/05/13 08/05/13 Developed 43 3.55 "Low-cost 3D Printing for Science, Developing 15 1.47 Education and Sustainable Least DC 1 0.1 Development" TOTAL *( *$'" 21 56 2483 Career Development Workshop for 16/09/13 19/09/13 Developed 25 2.66 Women in Physics Developing 37 4.79 Least DC 2 0.26 TOTAL &# !$!' '( "*+ 2487 Science Dissemination and On-line 30/09/13 02/10/13 Developed 28 2.76 Certification for All Developing 18 1.78 TOTAL #& #$*# '! '#"
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VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2013 SMR N. OF OF N. DATES REGIONS* MONTHS*** APPLICATIONS N. OF PERSON- OF N. ACTIVITY TITLE VISITS** OF N. N. OF LECTURERS OF N.
2488 Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on 30/09/13 04/10/13 Developed 15 2.47 "Advanced Ion Beam Techniques: Developing 12 1.92 Imaging and Characterisation with MeV ions"
TOTAL !" #$%& ' (& 2494 Workshop on High Performance 14/10/13 25/10/13 Developed 16 5.56 Computing (HPC) Architecture and Developing 20 7.79 Applications in the ICTP Least DC 3 0.89 TOTAL %& )#$!# )* "& 2492 Second Conference on 14/10/13 18/10/13 Developed 37 5.33 Nanotechnology for Biological and Developing 35 5.72 Biomedical Applications (Nano-Bio- Med 2013) TOTAL "! ))$+' !% )#' 2515 Regional Workshop on Materials 04/11/13 08/11/13 Developed 12 1.84 Science for Solar Energy Developing 17 2.79 Conversion, Cape Town, South Least DC 2 0.33 Africa
TOTAL %) #$&* )# !)' Total by region: Developed 249 114.65 Developing 169 33.49 Least DC 13 5.72 TOTAL PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT (PD) 431 153.86 128 1253
OTHER ACTIVITIES: 2446 International School on Nuclear 08/04/13 19/04/13 Developed 30 4.26 Security Developing 32 12.26 Least DC 8 3.16 TOTAL "+ )&$*( !' )(!
Total by region: Developed 3728 823.69 Developing 2364 640.05 Least DC 210 67.64 TOTAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES 6302 1531.38 1594 12927
Miscellaneous activities Developed 2686 363.45 Developing 1871 255.55 Least DC 144 44.45 TOTAL 4701 663.45 0 0
GRAND TOTAL BY REGION: Developed 6920 2420.77 Developing 4734 2138.28 Least DC 437 453.51 GRAND TOTAL 12091 5012.56 1594 13797
*Regions: LDCs=Least Developed Countries. **: Number of visits not visitors. ***: Number of average months spent at ICTP by scientific visitors (1 average-month= 30.417 days).
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STATISTICS
SUMMARY OF ICTP RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES 2013 PARTICIPATIONS BY REGION PERSON-MONTHS BY REGION SCIENTIFIC FIELDS LDCs* Developing Developed TOTAL LDCs* Developing Developed LECTURERS APPL. TOTAL Regions Regions Regions Regions HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (HECAP) Research 2 65 105 172 11.74 106.01 462.44 580.19 — — Training [11] 23 489 970 1482 5.49 106.78 189.73 302.00 228 2593 Postgraduate Diploma Programme 6 14 5 25 36.31 74.81 13.56 124.68 290 Total HECAP 31 568 1080 1679 53.54 287.6 665.73 1006.87 228 2883 CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS (CMSP) Research 3 79 132 214 2.07 138.8 240.92 381.79 — — Training [21] 13 509 1262 1784 2.03 139.44 224.66 366.13 457 2927 Postgraduate Diploma Programme 3 16 5 24 15.94 83.83 6.58 106.35 — 233 Total CMSP 19 604 1399 2022 20.04 362.07 472.16 854.27 457 2927 MATHEMATICS (Math) Research 13 56 43 112 24.82 111.58 83.97 220.37 — — Training [9] 26 152 395 573 7.83 53.51 115.63 176.97 162 835 Postgraduate Diploma Programme 8 13 4 25 51.51 69.96 7.17 128.64 191 Total Math 47 221 442 710 84.16 235.05 206.77 525.98 162 835 EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS (ESP) Research 6 33 53 92 20.32 79.53 236.94 336.79 — — Training [18] 67 436 301 804 20.64 124.00 66.41 211.05 235 1628 Postgraduate Diploma Programme 7 13 13 33 39.84 58.56 6.83 105.23 — 156 Total ESP 80 482 367 929 80.8 262.09 310.18 653.07 235 1628 APPLIED PHYSICS (AP) Research 8 15 42 65 1.71 61.84 30.12 93.67 — — Training [23] 60 577 521 1158 22.77 170.57 108.35 301.69 359 3509 Total AP 68 592 563 1223 24.48 232.41 138.47 395.36 359 3509 PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT (PD) Training [10] 13 169 249 431 5.72 33.49 114.65 153.86 128 1253 Total (PD) 13 169 249 431 5.72 33.49 114.65 153.86 128 1253 OTHER PROGRAMMES ICTP-Elettra Users 0 40 0 40 0.00 13.18 0.00 13.18 — — ICTP-University of Trieste Joint Laurea Magistralis 2 1 1 4 6.58 3.29 2.83 12.70 — — ICTP-IAEA Sandwich Training Education (STEP) 5 21 1 27 22.03 71.34 2.93 96.30 — — Training and Research in Italian Labs (TRIL) 14 49 5 68 91.59 294.44 28.60 414.63 — — Total OTHER PROGRAMMES 21 111 7 139 120.20 382.25 34.36 536.81 — — OTHER ACTIVITIES Research 6 84 97 187 16.96 75.51 110.74 203.21 — — Training [1] 8 32 30 70 3.16 12.26 4.26 19.68 25 182 Total OTHER ACTIVITIES 14 116 127 257 20.12 87.77 115 222.89 25 182
Total Research 38 332 472 842 77.62 573.27 1165.13 1816.02 0 Total Training 210 2364 3728 6302 67.64 640.05 823.69 1531.38 1594 12927 Total Postgraduate Diploma Prog. 24 56 27 107 143.60 287.16 34.14 464.90 — 870 Total Programmes 21 111 7 139 120.20 382.25 34.36 536.81 — —
Miscellaneous 144 1871 2686 4701 44.45 255.55 363.45 663.45 — —
GRAND TOTAL 437 4734 6920 12091 453.51 2138.28 2420.77 5012.56 1594 13797
*LDCs=Least Developed Countries. Numbers in [ ] refer to total activities with registered participation.
APPL.=N. of Applications. Data on training activities include number of course directors, lecturers and tutors. Data on TRIL Programme include fellow's visits to ICTP.
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STATISTICS
!"#$%&!'!#()'%*+,%$-)'(+./(+#0'%12%"(3+#)24%5678 Female Male Total Person- Region/Country Visitors visitors visitors months Least Developed Countries (LDC's) Africa (21) 1 *9:;<= 6 7 7 6>?5 2 1@9A9 5 5 B ?>C? 3 1DEFA9=%G=H; 5 76 75 7?>?I 4 "@9JE=<%*KEAL=9%)@MDN
Total Least Developed Countries (LDC's) 38 168 206 452.71 % vs. grand total 3% 4% 3% 9%
Developing Regions Africa (16) 27 *<:@EA= 5O ?6 76O SS>6I 28 1;JHV=9= 6 8 8 8>65 29 "=R@E;;9 77 8B BS SB>SB 30 "=M@%&@EQ@ 6 7 7 6>?5
continued
ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 215
STATISTICS continued
!"#$%&!'!#()'%*+,%$-)'(+./(+#0'%12%"(3+#)24%5678 Female Male Total Person- Region/Country Visitors visitors visitors months 31 "9:;9 7 8 < =>=< 33 -;IJA 56 =6 34 KLM:M 7< 5H <8 N7>NN 35 OB:IM 75 5< 8? <8>6N 36 PFQIM:%*GMQ%RMSMLFGFIM 6 7 7 6>78 37 /MTGFAFTU 7 7 5 6>=8 38 /9G9VV9 7N 55 8H 5W>=< 39 +F;BGFM 58 ?8 W? N<>W8 40 '9TAL%*XGFVM 77 =5 ?8 8W><8 41 #T:FUFM 77 7W 5H 78>75 42 YFSQMQZB 7 8 < 7>8W Total Africa 155 405 560 464.74 % vs. total Developing Regions 25% 25% 25% 22%
Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean (12) 43 1MGQMC9U 6 7 7 6>7? 44 "9UAM%)FVM < 75 7? 7H>NH 45 "TQM 56 57 <7 H<>7? 46 ,9SF:FVM:%)BJTQ[FV 6 5 5 6>7< 48 09:CTGMU 7 8 < 7>N< 49 RMSMFVM 7 7 5 <>57 50 /B\FV9 55 8N =H <8>N8 51 +FVMGM;TM 6 N N 6>W5 53 $TBGA9%)FV9 7 6 7 6>5? 54 #GF:FCMC%M:C%#9QM;9 5 7 8 6>NH Total Caribbean 52 101 153 170.73 % vs. Total Latin America and the Caribbean 37% 26% 29% 36%
Latin America (9) 55 *G;B:AF:M 5< =< NW ?N><6 56 19[FEFM 7 7 5 W>75 57 1GM]F[ 87 766 787 N6>W5 58 "LF[B 5 75 7< N><6 59 "9[9SQFM 76 ?7 N7 ?6>HH 60 -VTMC9G 7 7< 7= 7W>W< 61 $BGT N 7H 5? 7=><5 62 3GT;TMI 7 8 < 7>
216 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013
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!"#$%&!'!#()'%*+,%$-)'(+./(+#0'%12%"(3+#)24%5678 Female Male Total Person- Region/Country Visitors visitors visitors months Asia (33) 64 *9:;<=> ? 7@ 56 7ABCC 65 *D;9E>=F>< 7 @ C GB68 66 1>H9>=< 6 7 7 6B7@ 67 "H=<>I 5J 76A 78C 7?7BC8 68 ,;:KL9>M=L%$;KNO;PQ%);NREO=L%KS%TK9;> 6 ? ? 76BC5 69 U;K9V=> 75 76 55 7JBCJ 70 0K
Total Developing Regions 622 1646 2268 2091.23 % vs. grand total 45% 36% 38% 42%
Developed Regions Europe (37) 97 *OE><=> 6 7 7 6B?@ 98 *RQM9=> 5? CA 765 55B6J 99 1;O>9RQ 7 G @ JB67
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!"#$%&!'!#()'%*+,%$-)'(+./(+#0'%12%"(3+#)24%5678 Female Male Total Person- Region/Country Visitors visitors visitors months 100 19:;<=> ? @5 @A 7ABC5 101 1DEF 218 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 STATISTICS !"#$%&!'!#()'%*+,%$-)'(+./(+#0'%12%"(3+#)24%5678 Female Male Total Person- Region/Country Visitors visitors visitors months Asia (2) 138 !9:;<= > 8? @8 77AB@ 139 C;D;E ? 76> 778 5>A@F Total Asia 13 143 156 39.02 % vs. Developed Regions 2% 5% 4% 2% Total Developed regions 720 2783 3503 2468.62 % vs. grand total 52% 61% 59% 49% GRAND TOTAL 1380 4597 5977 5012.56 The grand total of visitors includes 618 participants to regional training courses, organized by ICTP but held in other countries. *Data includes 7 visitors and 4.34 person-months from Taiwan, China. ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 219 STATISTICS Region of Origin, ICTP visitors 2013 Regions Visitors from… Person-months Total Developing Developed Developing Developed LDCs* LDCs* Visitors Person-months Regions Regions Regions Regions Africa 167 560 — 370.42 464.74 — 727 835.16 Asia 38 1183 156 78.38 1148.80 39.02 1377 1266.20 Europe — — 2808 — — 2212.41 2808 2212.41 Latin America and the Caribbean 1 525 — 3.91 477.69 — 526 481.60 North America — — 510 — — 208.11 510 208.11 Oceania — — 29 — — 9.07 29 9.07 GRAND TOTAL 206 2268 3503 452.71 2091.23 2468.61 5977 5012.55 % vs. Total Visitors 3% 38% 59% 9% 42% 49% The grand total of visitors includes 618 participants of regional training courses, organized by ICTP but held in other countries. *Least Developed Countries. 220 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 News From ICTP SAIFR January — March 2013 ICTP-SAIFR completes its 1st year ICTP-SAIFR started its activities in 2012 with the organization of 3 Schools, 3 Workshops, 3 Mini-courses and several other events. More than 300 participants were involved. The full list can be accessed at http://www.ictp-saifr.org/?page_id=1098 2013 meetings of the Steering Committee and Scientific Council The Steering Committee of the ICTP-SAIFR, headed by Fernando Quevedo (Director of ICTP Trieste), and its Scientific Council, headed by Peter Goddard (ex-Director of IAS Princeton), met in São Paulo in February. These meetings were preceded by a short workshop on February 17. The Steering Committee approved the Director’s Report and discussed future directions for the ICTP-SAIFR. The Scientific Council heard short presentations on the scientific activities of 2012 and deliberated on the proposals for 2014. New personnel Eduardo Pontón, a leading researcher in Elementary Particle Physics, arrived in February as a visiting professor. Riccardo Sturani, an expert in Gravitational Waves, was awarded In February a FAPESP Young Investigator fellowship. II Southern-Summer School on Mathematical Biology The interplay among Mathematics, Physics and Biology has brought many advances that were discussed in the lectures of this School In January. Topics such as Introduction to Population Biology, Spatial Models in Ecology, Mathematical Models and Control Strategies of Infectious Diseases, Population and Community Ecology and Conservation were the subjects of the lectures. More information at http://www.ictp- saifr.org/?page_id=2363 Agreement with Nordita The ICTP-SAIFR and Nordita signed in February an Agreement for Cooperation with Nordita that will allow the exchange of scientists and the joint organization of workshops. This is in addition to similar agreements with CERN, Perimeter and ICTP-Trieste. For more information see http://www.ictp- saifr.org/?page_id=2193 Visit of IAS Director Robbert Dijkgraaf Robbert Dijkgraaf, the current Diector of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, visited the ICTP-SAIFR in February where he discussed the importance of theoretical physics institutes for the advancement of knowledge. 2012 IFT-ICTP Premio para Jovens Fisicos The ceremony for the five winners of the 2012 IFT-ICTP Premio para Jovens Fisicos was held in March. These Prizes are awarded annually to students who obtain the highest score on an exam administred by IFT and ICTP-SAIFR professors. The 2012 winners (left to right) are João Fernando Doriguello Diniz (Unicamp), Ricardo Hernandez Moreno (IFT-UNESP), Cássio dos Santos Sousa (ITA), Ivan Guillhon Mitoso Rocha (ITA), Vilson Fabricio dos Santos Juliatto (Univ. Estadual do Centro Oeste, Paraná), together with Director Berkovits. Visit of Sir Michael Berry Sir Michael Berry (Univ. of Bristol), a renowned expert in quantum mechanics and chaotic systems, visited the ICTP- SAIFR in March where we presented a colloquium on superoscillations. ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 221 April — June 2013 Hiring of Permanent Research Professor Eduardo Pontón is now a permanent faculty member of ICTP- SAIFR. He was selected last year by an international search committee from a list of highly qualified applicants as the first of five permanent ICTP-SAIFR research professors, and was formally approved in June as a UNESP professor at the highest research level. Eduardo was a professor at Columbia University (NY) from 2004-2012 and has made significant contributions in various areas of Particle Physics, from Dark Matter to Supersymmetry to Models of Extra Dimensions. New FAPESP Postdoctoral Fellows Gero von Gersdorff joined ICTP-SAIFR in April as a FAPESP postdoctoral fellow after a postdoctoral period at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. Gero is a well-known particle physicist, having developed new models of extra dimensions. Alberto Tonero, a recent PhD graduate from SISSA, Italy, has also joined ICTP-SAIFR as a FAPESP postdoctoral fellow in April. Alberto has worked on issues of asymptotic safety and top quark physics. Distinguished Lecturer Simon Levin Prof. Simon Levin (Princeton) has accepted to visit the ICTP- SAIFR as a Distinguished Lecturer in February 2014 and present a minicourse on the interplay of mathematics and biology. Prof. Levin has won several international awards (Heinekin Prize, Kyoto Prize, Margelef Prize) for his work in ecology and environmental science, and is the George Moffett Professor of Biology at Princeton University since 1992. Agreement with Fermilab The ICTP-SAIFR and the Fermilab Theory Group signed an Agreement of Cooperation in April that will facilitate the exchange of visitors between the two Institutes. The Theory Group at Fermilab has played a major role in the development of phenomenological models of Particle Physics and the search for New Physics in current and future experiments. Similar visitor agreements have been signed with Nordita, CERN, Perimeter, and the ICTP. School on Particle Physics in the LHC Era The Large Hadron Collider at CERN collected a large amout of data in the 2011-2012 period, culminating with the announcement of the discovery of a Higgs boson-like particle. Many searches for New Physics beyond the Standard Model have been conducted, putting some challenges to well-known extensions such as Supersymmetry and Strongly Coupled models. With world leaders such as Marcela Carena, Joe Lykken, Chris Quigg, Alexander Belyaev, Eduardo Pontón, Zackaria Chacko and Daniel de Florian, this School aimed at providing the students the necessary tools to explore and test New Physics in the context of the LHC. Minicourse on Classical and Quantum Integrability Professor Edward Corrigan, from the University of York in the UK, visited the ICTP-SAIFR and gave a set of 4 lectures with an introduction to some of the ideas that underpin the notion of integrability, both its classical origins and properties, together with some of the methods used to determine properties of the associated quantum field theories, such as their spectrum of states and scattering. School on Nonpertubative QCD: Hadron Structure and Hadronic Matter This School focused on different techniques that have been developed to study the nonperturbative regime of QCD. The four non-perturbative methods of Large-N QCD, Effective Field Theory, Lattice QCD and Gauge/String Duality were the subjects of the lectures of the School, given by renowned physicists such as Thomas Cohen, Aneesh Manohar, Andreas Kronfeld and Andrei Starinets. There were also several "hands- on" activities to supplement the lectures. Minicourse "Energetic Approach to Food Webs" 222 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Professor Kevin S. MacCann, author of “Food Webs” (Princeton University Press, 2011) and Gabriel Gellner, both from Guelph University (Canada), gave lectures in this course looking at the role of energetics in mediating the structure and dynamics of consumer-resource interactions. July — September 2013 New Fapesp Postdoctoral Fellows Saeed Mirshekari and Nicolás Bernal joined ICTP-SAIFR in September as FAPESP postdoctoral fellows. An expert on gravitational waves and member of the LIGO collaboration, Saeed recently obtained his PhD working with Clifford Will at Washington University in St. Louis on Inspiraling Compact Binaries. Nicolás joined ICTP-SAIFR after a postdoctoral period at the Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics and the Institute of Physics in Bonn where he worked on astroparticle physics, specializing in baryogenesis from WIMPs and dark matter properties from gamma ray lines. Search for permanent researcher in Cosmology and related fields The ICTP-SAIFR has an opening for a new permanent research professor. Although the search will concentrate in the area of cosmology and related fields, candidates from all areas of theoretical physics are encouraged to apply before December 14. 2013. The search committee is chaired by Peter Goddard, and the search committee members are Marcela Carena, David Gross, Leo Kadanoff, Martin Rees, Uros Seljak, Robert Wald, Simon White, Edward Witten and Matias Zaldarriaga. Mathematica software license Following a request from ICTP-SAIFR, UNESP approved an unlimited campus-wide license for Wolfram Mathematica software which is widely used in all areas of computational science. With financial resources from the Dean of Research Office, headed by Maria José Gianini, the contract with Wolfram was signed in September. ICTP-SAIFR researcher elected fellow of TWAS ICTP-SAIFR acting director Nathan Berkovits was elected fellow of The World Academy of Science (TWAS) for his work on covariant quantization of the superstring. TWAS is a global academy for science in the developing world and the election took place on October 1 at the Academy's 24th General Meeting in Buenos Aires. Gravitational Wave Research at ICTP-SAIFR During the month of August, ICTP-SAIFR researcher Riccardo Sturani presented a minicourse of eight lectures on the application of effective field theory methods to the two-body problem of general relativity and the resulting predictions for gravitational wave emission. And on Sept. 26, the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) scientific collaboration accepted the IFT/ICTP-SAIFR group led by Sturani, whose main research activity will be LIGO data analysis in the search of gravitational wave signals from coalescing binaries. Visit of Eliezer Rabinovici Prof. Rabinovici is the former Director of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and one of the founders of the SESAME light source, a scientific collaboration among countries in the middle east. He gave a Colloquium on the history and development of the SESAME project, as well as a technical seminar on AdS- CFT. School on Approaches to Quantum Gravity This school discussed several approaches to resolving the issues of quantum gravity which involve different communities of physicists. String theory, AdS-CFT, Loop Quantum Gravity, Asymptotic Safety and Entropic Gravity were some of the topics of the lectures attended by over 100 students and taught by leaders of the different fields, such as John Schwarz, Juan Maldacena, Martin Reuter, Alejandro Perez, Erik Verlinde and Abhay Ashtekar. Grebogi Minicourse on Complex Systems ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 223 Celso Grebogi, director of the Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, presented three lectures on topics related to Complex Systems, including Population Dynamics, System Biology and Quantum Chaos. The set of lectures was followed by a discussion among invited specialists on Complex Systems concerning ways to improve research in this field and how ICTP-SAIFR could play a role. October — December 2013 New Fapesp Postdoctoral Fellow Fabien Lacasa, a recent PhD from the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, IAS, at Orsay, arrived at ICTP-SAIFR in December. Fabien is a member of the Planck Satellite Collaboration and will contribute to the Dark Energy Survey project, a photometric survey aimed at mapping 300 million galaxies in the next 5 years with the goal of pinning down the best theory that describes our Universe. ICTP-SAIFR Associate Members To help disseminate ICTP-SAIFR activities, approximately 60 distinguished theoretical physicists distributed throughout South America have agreed to be ICTP-SAIFR Associate Members and act as contact representatives in their respective countries. O Cerne da Matéria ICTP-SAIFR vice-director Rogerio Rosenfeld has published in November a book intended for the general public in Brazil. With the title "O Cerne da Matéria: A aventura científica que levou à descoberta do bóson de Higgs" ("The Heart of the Matter: the scientific adventure that led to the discovery of the Higgs boson"), it describes the evolution of particle accelerators that culminated with the LHC and the recent discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. David Gross discussion session David Gross, director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara from 1997 to 2012 and recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the strong interactions, visited ICTP-SAIFR on November 12. He led an informal discussion with students and researchers involving a question-answer session on all aspects of science, and his visit was sponsored by the Nobel Week Dialogue and the Nobel Prize Inspiration Initiative (NPII). School on Fundamental Astrophysics The School on Fundamental Astrophysics was held at ICTP- SAIFR from October 7-18. Organized by Daniel Gomez (UBA, Argentina), Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino (USP, Brasil), Alejandro Raga (UNAM, Mexico) and Matias Zaldarriaga (IAS Princeton, USA), its goal was to provide a comprehensive view of the fundamental problems in Theoretical Astrophysics, along with an up-to-date overview on current trends in Observational Astrophysics. Workshop on Higher-Spin and Higher-Curvature Gravity With the participation of the leading experts in the field, the Workshop on Higher-Spin and Higher-Curvature Gravity took place at ICTP-SAIFR from November 4-7. Organized by Eric Bergshoeff (Groningen), Gastón Giribet (Buenos Aires), Marc Henneux (Brussels) and Jorge Zanelli (Valdívia), 54 researchers from 18 different countries heard review talks and specialized seminars on higher-spin generalizations of general relativity. School on Nonlinear Optics and Nanophotonics Recent advances in the field of nonlinear optical systems in the nanoscale were the subject of the School on Nonlinear Optics and Nanophotonics, which took place from November 25 - December 6. Organized by Cristina Masoller (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain), Hilda A. Cerdeira (ICTP- SAIFR, Brazil), and Yuri Kivshar (Australia National University), the lectures discussed the topics of photonic cyrstals and photonic lattices, nonlinear optics at the nanoscale, active optical media and laser dynamics, nonlinear effects in optical communication systems, metamaterials, and the complex dynamics of quantum optical systems. 224 ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 Rosly minicourse on twistor theory Alexei Rosly (ITEP, Moscow) and Andrei Mikhailov (IFT- UNESP) taught a minicourse on Twistor Theory from October 8- November 15. After giving a general introduction to complex geometry, the lecturers discussed the twistor description of massless fields of arbitrary spin and its application to constructing classical solutions of self-dual Yang-Mills theory and N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Redi minicourse on composite Higgs Michele Redi (INFN, Firenze) taught a minicourse on Composite Higgs in the LHC Era from October 23-25. Michele talked about recent advances in describing the Higgs boson as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson in an Effective Theory framework and discussed some phenomenological applications. Vieira program on amplitudes and correlation functions The Program on Amplitudes and Correlation Functions, led by Pedro Vieira (Perimeter Institute, Canada), took place from October 20 through December 20. With the participation of 12 external researchers in addition to several local researchers, the program included a minicourse on the relation of Wilson Loops and Scattering Amplitudes with lectures by Pedro Vieira, Benjamin Basso (Perimeter) and Amit Server (Perimeter and IAS Princeton). ICTP Full Technical Report 2013 225