Christian School Scope & Sequence 2020–2021 Preschool–Grade 12

abeka.com 1-877-223-5226 Scope & Sequence CONTENTS

First Grade. 20 Second Grade. 32 Third Grade. 50 Fourth Grade . 66 Fifth Grade. 82 GRADE 1

Language Arts: Phonics Letters and Sounds 1 is a complete phonics practice seatwork book. Each phonics element necessary for learning to read is systematically reviewed in an appealing way. The many puzzles, riddles, exercises, and illustrations are designed to teach word analysis skills, build vocabulary, and increase reading comprehension.

Handbook for Reading is an invaluable teaching tool for the application of phonics rules. The words for students to read are arranged to correlate with the sequence in which diphthongs, digraphs, consonant blends, etc., are taught. Ample practice and thorough review help stu- dents master phonics concepts. The early introduction of short vowels allows students to read whole words, sentences, and stories during the first few weeks of first grade.

Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒReview games ƒƒWrite or match rhyming words ƒƒOral and written phonics tests (32) ƒƒDuring independent seatwork: ƒƒAdd correct special sound to ƒƒCircle special sounds /mark vowels beginning/middle of word ƒƒWrite word other than clue word ƒƒAdd suffix to given root word for special sound ƒƒMatch special sound to correct word ƒƒUnderline root word/circle suffix

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Skills Development ƒƒ“ck in duck” usually follows a short vowel; says the k sound one time only ƒƒReview: long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds ƒƒ“ in me” says long sound when only vowel at end of short word ƒƒBlend consonants with vowels e e ƒƒ“ in go” says long sound when only vowel at end of short word ƒƒBlend special sounds with vowels o o ƒƒ“ in fly” says long sound when at end of short word ƒƒReview 47 special sounds and clue words learned in K5 y i ƒƒ“ in pray” usually comes at end of word hhLearn and apply 85 additional special sounds and clue words: ay special sounds include consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 hh“ou in out” usually comes in middle of word suffixes, 5 prefixes hh“ow in owl” usually comes before n, l, or at end of word ƒƒDemonstrate ability to provide other example words that contain hh“oi in coin” usually comes in middle of word or syllable special sounds hh“oy in boy” usually comes at end of word or syllable hhUnderstand that syllables are parts of words hh“kn in knot” comes at beginning of word or syllable; k is silent hhBe able to identify root words hh“gn in gnat” comes at the beginning of a word; g is silent hhDemonstrate ability to add suffixes using the rules: hh“a in adopt” comes at the beginning of a word (“a” usually says hhWhen a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel short “u” at the beginning of any word) is short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix hh“le in little” usually comes at end of word with two or more syl- beginning with a vowel. lables hhWhen a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped hhSuffix -ed can say “t” or “d,” or it can say “ed” when it comes after before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel t or d hhDemonstrate ability to add prefixes to root words correctly hh“wh in whale” says “h” when followed by o hhCorrectly divide words into syllables between: hh“tch in patch” usually follows a short vowel hhDouble consonants; root words and suffixes hh“ew” can say “oo” or long “u” hhA vowel and a consonant hhWhen c comes before e, i, or y, it says “s” hhTwo differing consonants hhWhen g comes before e, i, or y, it says “j” hhPrefixes and root words hh“dge in fudge” usually follows a short vowel ƒƒMaster phonics rules including: hh“wr in wrinkle” has a silent w ƒƒOne- and two-vowel rules: When there is one vowel in a word, it hh“are in care” can be sounded using two-vowel rule usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels in a word, hh“ure in pure” can be sounded using two-vowel rule the first vowel says its long sound and the second vowel is silent. hh“sion in television” is usually found in a word with one s ƒƒWhen a consonant is doubled at end of a short word, it says its hh“sion in missionary” s says “sh”; usually followed with another s sound one time. hh“or in sailor” comes at end of word with two or more syllables ƒƒc-k usually follows a short vowel (ex.: back) hh“ar in dollar” comes at end of word with two or more syllables hhk-e follows a long vowel (ex.: bake) hhApply phonics concepts to reading ƒƒc/k rhyme: k comes before i and e; c before the other three—a, o, u (ex.: key, cat) ƒƒSuffix -s says “s” or “z” ƒƒKnow and apply tips for learning special sounds:

20 GRADE 1

Language Arts: Reading

1b First graders learn that there is a whole new world just waiting for them as they advance their read-

ition h Ed ing skills. The early readers coordinate the reading material with the phonics concepts students are t Six learning. Students move from stories with simple one- and two-vowel words to stories based on chil- dren’s classics, giving them valuable practice in applying phonics skills. Each reader features delight- ful, character-building selections that appeal strongly to the interests of first graders.

1c ping tep Sixth Editio Literary Value Materials Evaluation n S ƒƒ44 authors, including well-known writers ƒƒReaders (10) containing: ƒƒWeekly oral reading grade such as Aesop, Christina Rossetti, Robert ƒƒ Short stories (184) Louis Stevenson, and Lewis Carroll ƒƒ Plays (3) ƒƒCharacter-building and patriotic story ƒƒ Poems (73) themes such as honesty, integrity, cour- ƒƒPrimary Bible Reader containing age, kindness, industry, forgiveness, and selected Scripture reading unselfishness (24 lessons)

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Reading Skills Development suffixes; defining unfamiliar vocabulary words; practicing accuracy in reading with smoothness and expression; responding to oral ƒƒRead and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds comprehension/discussion questions; completing analytical activi- and rules ties including plot sequencing, character comparisons, illustration ƒƒStrive for increasing: interpretation, content application, and word usage. ƒƒAccuracy, correct enunciation, fluency ƒƒKind and Brave contains 18 stories and 10 poems including fables, hhPhrasing folk literature, realistic fiction, animal tales, biographical stories, ƒƒAlertness to punctuation; good expression; comprehension Scripture reading; emphasizing special sounds from phonics charts ƒƒAppropriate pace for grade level 10–11; expanding reading vocabulary through use of prefixes and ƒƒVolume; poise suffixes; applying phonics rules through oral/written word practice ƒƒFollow along as others read orally pages; improving enunciation, poise, and volume; applying charac- ter themes with related Scripture verses; answering comprehen- ƒƒReceive differentiated instruction with ability grouping sion/discussion questions; drawing conclusions from facts given in Readers story; completing sequencing, choral reading, supplemental library enrichment activities. ƒƒFun with Pets contains 15 stories including one- and two-vowel words, sight words, words ending in two different consonants, ƒƒAesop’s Fables contains 27 character-/moral-themed stories phrases, and sentences; using apostrophes in possessives and including related Scripture for each fable; practicing phonics charts contractions; practicing “z” sound for letter s; observing punctua- 8–11; reviewing syllabification and word division rules, suffixes, tion and practicing appropriate expression; defining vocabulary; prefixes, root words, and compound words; emphasizing conversa- answering oral and written comprehension questions; practicing tional tone in reading dialog; analyzing given information to select rhyming words, marking words phonetically; includes story/charac- correct answers for oral/written comprehension activities; play- ter themes and scriptural applications. acting and visual demonstration activities. ƒ ƒƒTiptoes contains 32 stories and 8 poems (realistic fiction, animal ƒStrong and True contains 22 stories and 7 poems consisting of tales, Scripture reading) reviewing one- and two-vowel words, sight fables, folk literature, animal tales, biographical stories, realistic words, and sentences; practicing special sounds with consonant fiction, Scripture reading; reviewing phonics charts 12–13; includ- blends from phonics charts 6–7, all punctuation marks, contractions ing character themes emphasizing loyalty and patriotism; applying and compound words; answering oral comprehension and discus- phonics rules through oral/written word practice pages; expand- sion questions with written comprehension/application activi- ing vocabulary using unfamiliar words and definitions; answering ties; practicing accuracy in reading with smoothness and speed; inferential questions, drawing conclusions, recalling events of story includes introductions and story themes featuring Christian virtues in proper sequence; answering oral and written comprehension and character traits. questions; completing sequencing, choral reading, supplemental library enrichment activities. ƒƒStepping Stones contains 18 stories, 7 poems, and 1 play focusing on phonics charts 8–9; practicing new sight words, punctuation ƒƒDown by the Sea contains 16 stories and 4 poems including animal marks, apostrophes in possessives, compound words, contractions; tales, Scripture reading, poetry, realistic fiction; providing com- introducing two-syllable words, root words, and suffixes; answer- prehensive review of phonics charts 6–13, punctuation, contrac- ing inferential questions, drawing conclusions, recalling events of tions, prefixes, and suffixes while increasing vocabulary; answering story in proper sequence; answering oral and written comprehen- factual, inferential, and interpretive questions; drawing conclusions sion questions/application activities; building vocabulary using relating to setting, main characters, climax, moral, cause and effect, advanced words and definitions; applying story themes to build plot; applying language skills to written activities including syn- Christian virtues/character. onyms, antonyms, homonyms, rhyming words; completing sequenc- ing, choral reading, visual recognition/comprehension, supplemen- ƒƒSecrets and Surprises contains 11 stories, 31 poems, and 2 plays for tal library enrichment activities. practicing special sounds from phonics charts 8–11, root words, and

Reading cont. p. 22 21 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Reading cont. Readers cont. ƒƒRead sight words; challenging words ƒ ƒƒAnimals in the Great Outdoors contains 25 stories and 6 poems ƒComplete integrated phonics, language, and reading skills activities including animal tales, Scripture reading, poetry, realistic fiction; such as: providing comprehensive review of phonics charts 6–13, contrac- ƒƒMarking short and long vowel sounds tions, and compound words; including story/character themes/Bible ƒƒCircling special sounds verses for application; answering literal and interpretive comprehen- ƒƒAdding correct special sounds to complete words sion/discussion questions; drawing conclusions relating to setting, ƒƒReading clues to solve puzzles main characters, climax, moral, cause and effect, plot; applying ƒƒFilling in the blank with correct word/phrase to complete a language skills to written activities including compound words, hom- sentence onyms, rhyming words, illustration interpretation; recognizing false/ ƒ incorrect information and formulating correct responses; complet- ƒMatching pictures with descriptive words ing sequencing, choral reading, visual recognition/comprehension, hhMatching pictures with descriptive phrases or sentences supplemental library enrichment activities. hhChoosing correct sentences for telling events in story ƒƒPrimary Bible Reader contains familiar stories of Scripture such ƒƒChoosing correct picture to answer comprehension questions as Creation, the Christmas story, Life of Christ, as well as selected about the story verses for age-appropriate personal application to promote inde- hhNumbering pictures in correct story sequence pendent Bible reading. hhMarking root words and suffixes Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis hhIdentifying parts of compound words Skills Development hhForming contractions hhMatching rhyming words; writing rhyming words ƒƒAnswer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems hhMatching picture with correct homonym ƒƒAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion ­questions hhReading comprehension question and circling correct answer

Language Arts: Language Designed for use during independent work times, the work-text Language­ 1 provides daily exercises to help students increase thinking skills, improve reading comprehension, and develop creative writing ability. By the end of the year, students will be able to write in complete sentences, capitalize the first word of a sentence, capitalize the days and months, place a period at the end of a sentence, know and use suffixes and prefixes, and alphabetize words.

Added Enrichment ƒƒReview games ƒƒWrite original sentences (48) ƒƒDuring independent seatwork: ƒƒAlphabetical Order (12) ƒƒCopy sentences (16) ƒƒReading Comprehension (8) ƒƒFinish sentences (61) ƒƒVerb Tenses (5)

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Grammar hhFind root words ƒƒCapitalization: hhAdd suffixes and prefixes to root words ƒƒFirst word in the sentence ƒƒRecognize and use: h hhDays of week and months of year hCompound words; rhyming words ƒ hhProper Names ƒOpposite words (antonyms) h hhNames of God hSame-meaning words (synonyms); same-sounding words ­(homonyms) ƒƒThe word I hhContractions ƒƒPunctuation: correctly use period at end of a telling sentence hhDivide a word into syllables between: hhCorrectly use question mark at end of asking sentence hhDouble consonants hhCorrectly use exclamation point at end of expressive sentence hhPossessives ƒƒThe sentence: always begin with capital letter hhPlurals ƒƒWord study and diction: hhVerb tenses/subject-verb agreement hhDetermine number of syllables hhRoot words and suffixes

Language cont. p. 23 22 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language cont. Grammar cont. Composition hhA vowel and a consonant hhWrite: hhTwo consonants that are not alike hhInteresting sentences, paragraphs hhTwo vowels that are not alike hhShort narratives hhPrefixes and root words ƒƒCopying/completing sentences (74) hhAlphabetize words ƒƒWriting original sentences (52) hhComprehend reading material and answer questions

Language Arts: Cursive Writing/Creative Writing Cursive Writing Added Enrichment Writing with Phonics 1 is designed for use as a first-grade cursive writing ƒƒAnimal booklet compilation work-text. Students learn the proper formation and slant of letters and ƒƒCreative writing exercises/drawing the correct spacing between letters, words, and sentences. Through daily during: writing exercises, students will practice and review what they are learn- ƒƒScience (11) ing in phonics, beginning with single letters and progressing to special ƒƒHistory (9) sounds, words, sentences, paragraphs, and poems. ƒƒHealth (4) Creative Writing Evaluation Beginning in lesson 81, penmanship class will focus primarily on creative ƒƒTests (31) writing skills and some penmanship review. Creative writing skills will be taught in a sequence that will prepare students to write their own stories.

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Skills Development ƒƒEvaluate writing for personal improvement ƒƒAchieve good writing position: ƒƒCorrectly write: ƒƒSitting properly in desk ƒƒBlends, one- and two-vowel words, and sentences ƒƒHolding pencil correctly hhParagraphs and poems ƒƒSlanting paper correctly hhCreative Writing ƒƒReview correct formation for all lowercase letters, numbers 1–10, hhLearning the writing process: read and gather, think and plan, and the 12 capital letters learned in K5 write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results h hhLearn formation for remaining 14 capital letters hUse proper punctuation and capitalization; simple sentence structure; recognize difference between phrases and sen- ƒƒPerfect writing skills for a good overall appearance: tences; fill in missing words in sentences; write sentences using ƒƒForming difficult letters correctly suggested words; choose titles; develop stories using assigned ƒƒPlacing letters correctly on the lines themes; solving riddles; sequencing; writing a process summary, ƒƒUsing proper spacing between letters and words starting/concluding sentences; writing friendly letters ƒƒSlanting letters properly hhCompositions include these themes: ƒƒWriting slowly and carefully hhAnimal, historical, seasonal, character building, plants, school, ƒƒMaking smooth connections between letters, difficult ­letters, ocean, "how to" blends hhCompositions: ƒƒUsing key strokes: trace, smile, wave, loop, oval, mountain hhDuring Creative Writing (8) hhGradually decrease size of writing hhDuring Seatwork (12)

23 GRADE 1

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry In Spelling and Poetry 1, first graders apply the phonics concepts Added Enrichment they are currently learning as they master the spelling of approxi- ƒƒSpelling lists (30): mately 420 words. Most of the words in are Spelling and Poetry 1 ƒƒTotal words (420) arranged phonetically, which teaches students to recognize basic ƒƒOrganized by special sounds spelling patterns. They will learn sight words, contractions, and ƒ abbreviations that they will encounter frequently in their read- ƒWorksheet activities reinforce new concepts ing and writing. First graders will also learn eight poems that will ƒƒHomework sheets include spelling list and helpful help them develop their oral speaking skills while deepening their hints or special sounds featured in the list (30) appreciation for poetry. ƒƒSpelling games Evaluation ƒƒSpelling words tested in 30 of the 32 phonics tests

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Spelling Skills Development Worksheet Activities: hhMaster spelling lists including sight words, abbreviations, and ƒƒMarking special phonics sounds contractions hhMarking roots and suffixes hhApply spelling and phonics concepts through daily: ƒƒCompleting words and sentences hhTeacher-directed oral practice hhArranging words alphabetically hhIndependent written practice hhIdentifying misspelled words, opposites, rhyming words hhHear spelling words used in sentences and clearly picture each hhCategorizing words by special phonics sounds word’s meaning hhSolving word puzzles and riddles hhLearn to differentiate between words that sound alike ƒƒAssociating words with pictures hhUse spelling words in creative writing exercises hhMatching words with their meaning hhLearn spelling rules: hhCombining root words and suffixes -ing, -ed hhKnow: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comes before a, o, u Poetry Skills Development h hhCorrectly use at end of word: hMemorize 8 lyrical poems ƒƒDevelop appreciation of poetry hhDouble consonants ll, ff, or ss ƒƒPerform in front of an audience hhVowels e, o, or y ƒƒRecite in unison hhck after a short vowel; ke after a long vowel h hhDouble a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a hDevelop appropriate expression and volume vowel hhImprove comprehension through thinking questions hhDrop the silent e hhLearn terms such as title and author ƒƒMaintain interest and increase comprehension through added learning features such as actions and hand motions

Arithmetic Using delightful themes and full-color illustrations, Arithmetic­ 1 Added Enrichment presents concepts in an orderly manner, building on prior learning ƒƒThematic units: zoo, farm, ocean, spring and including consistent year-long review. Concepts include ƒƒIntroductory song and/or poem for each unit counting, writing and reading numbers, place value, addition and ƒƒReview games subtraction, money, graphs, measurements, time, temperature, and fractions. Applications to real-life situations and daily thinking Evaluation questions stretch the students’ reasoning ability. ƒƒWritten tests (32) ƒƒDaily timed skills-development exercises (126) ƒƒOral tests (32): combinations, answers, and com- plete instructions for oral tests in daily lesson plans

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Numbers ƒƒUnderstanding concepts: ƒƒRecognizing numbers: ƒƒ1–100 ƒƒ1–100 hh101–1,000 ƒ hh101–1,000 ƒCounting: ƒƒMoney ƒƒOrdinal numbers: 1–10

Arithmetic cont. p. 25 24 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Numbers cont. hhTimed mastery h hhForward and backward by ones, twos, fives, and tens hMissing terms h hhForward by twenty-fives hMental arithmetic: problems combining single-digit addition­ and subtraction up to 3 numbers hhBy threes from 3 to 36 hhWriting subtraction number sentences hhTally marks hhSubtracting: hhRoman numerals 1–10 hhOne-digit problems hhBy even and odd numbers hhTwo- and three-digit problems without borrowing hhOrdinal numbers: 11–20 hhWord problems: oral, ­written ƒƒWriting numbers: ƒƒBy ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100 Multiplication ƒƒWords one–twelve ƒƒBuilding blocks: hhWords thirteen–twenty hhRepeated addition hhTo 1,000 hhObjects to ­multiply hhBy threes to 36 ƒƒCounting by twos, fives, tens hhUsing tally marks hhCounting by threes ƒƒComparing: hhConcept of multiplication ƒƒGreater/less, greatest /least hhWriting a multiplication fact ƒƒBefore/after ƒƒBy ones, twos, fives, tens Fractions h hhUsing symbols > and < to show greater than and less than hConcept of fractions h hhBefore and after: by twos, fives, tens hBuilding blocks: equal parts ƒ hhPlace value: ƒParts of a whole: ƒ hhIllustrating numbers and place value with objects ƒOne half h hhUnderstanding hundreds, tens, ones hOne fourth, one third h hhOrdering four numbers hParts of a group: one half, one fourth, one third h hhAddition with carrying hComparing one half, one fourth, one third hhLeast to greatest Addition ƒƒReview of addition families 1–10 Problem Solving & Applications ƒ hhLearn addition families 11–18 ƒBuilding blocks: oral word problems ƒƒHorizontal and vertical form hhWritten word problems ƒƒOral or written hhSolving word problems: ƒƒAddition “twins” (concept of commutative principle) hhAddition, subtraction, money h hhTimed mastery hIllustrating story problems h hhMissing terms hCreating story problems ƒƒWord problems: hhExtra facts; missing facts ƒƒOral hhChoosing the operation ƒƒWritten hhApplications: h hhWriting addition number sentences hTemperature; time h hhAddends: hWeight; length; money h hhColumn addition with up to five single-digit addends hNumber puzzles; graphs h hhTwo- and three-digit problems without carrying hCalendars; maps h hhCarrying two- and three-digit ­numbers with carrying to the tens hThinking logically: patterns; thinking caps; sequencing; clue words and hundreds places Time hhMental arithmetic: ƒƒClock: face, hour and minute hands hhProblems with up to 5 single-digit ­numbers ƒƒReading and writing time: hhProblems combining single-digit addition and subtraction up to ƒƒO’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15) 3 numbers hhQuarter till (:45) ƒƒAdding coins hhFive-minute intervals Subtraction hhA.M. and P.M. ƒƒRecognizing symbol: - (minus) ƒƒCalendar: months, days, date, year hhSubtraction families 1–18: hhCalendar: rhyme hhVertical and horizontal form hhMeasures of time ƒƒOral or written hhSubtracting coins

Arithmetic cont. p. 26 25 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Money ƒƒWeight: ƒƒRecognize coin and value: penny, nickel, dime, quarter hhOunce, pound h hhRecognize coin and value: half dollar, dollar hComparing weights ƒƒCount: hhDozen, half dozen ƒƒPennies, dimes, nickels hhCapacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon hhQuarters, half dollars, dollars Graphing, Statistics, Probability ƒƒAdd: hhGraphs: ƒƒPennies, dimes and pennies, nickels and pennies hhHorizontal bar graphs: scales by 1s, 2s, 10s, 5s, and 3s hhQuarters and pennies, dimes and nickels hhPictographs hhCount: combinations of coins, coins in mixed order hhGraphing tally marks hhAdding and subtracting money ƒƒRecognize symbol: ¢ (cent) Geometry hhRecognize symbol: $ (dollar) ƒƒRecognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, diamond, oval, ƒƒWord problems: oral and written cone, cube, sphere hhRecognize shapes: hexagon, trapezoid Measures hhSymmetry ƒƒWord problems: oral and written hhShapes in a grid ƒƒTemperature: reading and writing degrees hhPerimeter of a rectangular object ƒƒLength: hhInch, foot, yard, centimeter

History & Geography In My America and My World, students will learn how our country was Added Enrichment founded and what our basic freedoms are. They meet several famous ƒƒVocabulary boxes to point out difficult American patriots and take a trip across America. Good citizenship is words emphasized and reading skills are developed. In addition, students will ƒƒActivities such as: learn new patriotic songs and be introduced to major countries and ƒƒArtistic projects U.S. Territories. America: Our Great Country, Children of the World, ƒƒLearning foreign words and phrases and Community Helpers are used in correlation with My America and ƒƒListening to classical music My World. ƒƒReading stories by writers of given country ƒƒSuggested creative writing topics (9)

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America ƒƒAmerican holidays: ƒƒU.S. flag: hhPresidents‘ Day ƒƒHistory ƒƒThanksgiving Day h hhMeaning of colors hAmerican legends: h hhFlag etiquette hGeorge Washington and the cherry tree ƒƒMeaning of Pledge of Allegiance ƒƒAmerican places and territories: ƒ hhAmerica's freedoms ƒWashington, D.C.; Niagara Falls, Mount Rushmore ƒƒSymbols such as: hhPlymouth Rock, Plymouth Plantation, Fort McHenry h hhGreat Seal of the U.S., Uncle Sam hWilliamsburg, Virginia; Mississippi River ƒƒStatue of Liberty, U.S. coins, American bald eagle, Liberty Bell hhYellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Grand Canyon, Death Valley, Yosemite hhGreat U.S. documents: Declaration of Independence, Constitution, National Park, San Francisco Bill of Rights ƒƒU.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa ƒƒGreat People of America ƒƒPatriotic Songs: ƒƒPilgrims (First Thanksgiving) ƒƒ”My Country, ’Tis of Thee“ ƒƒGeorge Washington, Abraham Lincoln ƒƒ“The Star-Spangled Banner” hhPaul Revere, Benjamin Franklin hh“America, the Beautiful” hhAmerica grows by communication and travel: telephone, mail, tele- vision, radio, computers, Internet; changes in transportation

History & Geography cont. p. 27 26 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont. The World hhHome state, neighboring states, corner states ƒƒCountries: hhThirteen original colonies ƒƒMexico, Peru, The Bahamas, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Italy, hhEquator Kenya, China, Australia hhGulf of Mexico, Mississippi River, Rocky Mountains, Grand Canyon, hhCanada, Norway, France, Germany, Switzerland, Egypt, India, Death Valley, Great Plains, Yosemite National Park Japan ƒƒMap symbols—national capitals Geography Study Community Helpers ƒƒContinents: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, ƒƒPastor Teacher Australia, Asia ƒƒFirefighter Police Officer ƒƒGlobe ƒƒDoctor Nurse ƒƒOceans: Atlantic and Pacific ƒƒDentist Farmer ƒƒCardinal directions and compass rose ƒƒServer Baker ƒƒWhat is an island? ƒƒPostal Employee Mayor hhLocation of 21 specific states in America hhNorth and South poles

Science The colorfully illustrated science text Discovering God’s World presents God Added Enrichment as the Master Designer of the world around us. The studies of plants, animals, ƒƒAdditional hands-on learning activities insects, energy, health, the seasons, and the five senses provide an excellent ƒƒLesson activities (22) introduction to science, with the emphasis on building student interest and ƒƒAdditional activities (66) augmenting students’ reading skills. Hands-on activities and demonstrations ƒ also increase students’ comprehension of basic science concepts. ƒCreative Writing (11)

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Health & Human Biology Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒSpecial to God: five senses and sense organs hhMaking a balloon jet hhHands: fingerprints ƒƒDiscovering what magnets pick up hhHair: hhSeeing how wheels help hhHair types, skin, oil gland, follicle hhHaving a ramp race hhRoot, pigment hhUsing a lever lifter hhEyes: placement in skull; eyelids, eyelashes, tears Animals hhEars: outer ear, eardrum; vibrate hhLiving Creatures ƒƒNose: nostrils; sneezing ƒƒInstinct ƒƒTongue: ƒƒReproduce after their kind ƒƒTaste buds: sour, salty, bitter, sweet hhBabies that are born drink mother’s milk: opossum, kangaroo hhSpeaking hhBabies that hatch do not drink mother’s milk: tadpoles, frogs, chicks, ƒƒSkin: alligators, ducklings hhExperiencing cold, warmth ƒƒGod’s wonderful plan: ƒ ƒExperiencing tickles, pain hhElephants: ears, trunk, tusk h hPores, “goose-bumps,” proper care of skin hhDucks: sac of oil, webbed feet, bill Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒTurtles: hhComparing thumb prints ƒƒShell hhDiscovering how sound travels hhJaws; land turtles, water turtles hhSeeing how senses work together hhOwls: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores; eyes, head rotation; Energy feathers, talons Activities & Demonstrations: hhForces: nonliving things hhRaising tadpoles hhWater: push, pull hhConducting the elephant ear experiment hhAir: wind, provides push hhObserving oil on a duck Insects hhWind: moving air, gravity ƒƒMagnets: attract (pull), repel (push) hhSimple machines: wheels, ramps, levers, balanced forces

Science cont. p. 28 27 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Insects hhGrowing a plant from root h hhImportance of insects hWater rising up a stem ƒ hhInsect identification: head, thorax, abdomen ƒSeeds need sunlight, water, soil ƒƒInsect identification: six legs hhTypes of soils hhAnts: workers, queen Seasons Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒGod made seasons hhObserving a caterpillar change into a butterfly ƒƒWinter: rest, hibernate hhMaking an insect zoo ƒƒSpring: new life ƒƒMaking an ant farm ƒƒSummer: grow Plants ƒƒFall: get ready for winter hhA sunflower’s year hhUses for plants: oxygen, food, medicine, building ƒƒParts of the plant: roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds hhA squirrel’s year ƒƒStewardship hhParts of the plant: cones ƒƒReproduce after their kind Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒFlowers hhBringing some twigs to life Activities & Demonstrations: hhFinding air in water and soil hhMaking a bird feeder hhOpening a seed ƒ ƒƒGerminating seeds ƒPlanting a bean garden

Health Health, Safety, and Manners 1 is an interesting and attractive health reader Added Enrichment that introduces first graders to the importance of good health habits and ƒƒHands-on learning activities in gives God the glory for the way He has designed us. Students will learn student book, Teacher Edition, and about nutrition, exercise, proper sleep habits, good posture, safety habits, daily lesson plans (35) and manners. Activities and checklists help students apply good principles ƒƒGrowing Tall growth chart of health, safety, and manners. ƒƒChecksheets: My Health, My Safety, My Manners ƒƒCreative Writing (4)  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health hhGetting right amount of rest: ƒƒGrowing tall hhGood sleeping habits: h hhForming good habits hPre-bedtime activities ƒƒEating good foods: hhWearing clean pajamas ƒƒKinds of foods hhGoing to bed early and at same time each night; sleeping until rested; good sleeping conditions; going right to sleep hhA good breakfast, a good snack hhBuilding good posture: ƒƒGood eating habits: hhBenefits of good posture hhEating meals same time every day hhGood posture habits: ƒƒWashing hands before eating hhHow to stand straight and tall; proper way to sit in a chair ƒƒDrinking milk every day hhWell-fitting shoes; proper walking habits hhLimiting sugary drinks ƒƒTaking care of the body: ƒƒEating different kinds of food ƒƒGood skin and hair habits: hhWashing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating hhProtecting skin from the sun with sunscreen ƒƒLimiting sugar and candy ƒƒBathing often with warm water and soap to rid the skin of germs hhTaking small bites and chewing food well which can cause illness ƒƒExercising each day: ƒƒProper care for cuts hhFun exercises for children (8) ƒƒWashing hands: before eating; after using bathroom; after play- ƒƒBenefits of fresh air and sunshine ing outside; after handling animals ƒƒGood exercise habits: hhHow to dry off effectively ƒƒGetting exercise every day and playing outside in fresh air ƒƒShampooing dirty hair ƒƒHelping with work at home hhProper use and maintenance of your comb and brush hhNot playing hard right after a meal hhKeeping pets away from your face hhResting from play

Health cont. p. 29 28 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont.

hhKeeping fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed hhNot playing with cleaning supplies ƒƒNot biting fingernails ƒƒPutting toys away to avoid an accident ƒƒKeeping fingers out of mouth ƒƒAway from home: ƒƒEyes: ƒƒPolicemen ƒƒPurpose; protection hhGood safety habits: hhParts hhConsulting with an adult before leaving hhGood eye-care habits: hhNever leave a building alone hhReading in a well-lighted place hhAvoid: hhNot rubbing your eyes hhTalking to strangers when you are alone; getting in a car with a hhNot running while holding sharp things stranger hhProtecting eyes from sun or other bright lights hhPlaying in old, empty buildings hhGetting proper rest hhPetting stray animals hhGetting eye check-ups by a doctor hhEating berries found outside hhKeeping eye glasses clean hhPutting flowers, leaves, or twigs in mouth ƒƒEars: hhPlaying in old refrigerators or clothes dryers ƒƒProtection: wax, hairs; parts ƒƒOn the street: hhGood ear-care habits: hhGood walking habits: hhProper washing of ears hhWhere to walk when there is no sidewalk hhNot putting objects in ears hhWhere to cross a street; how to cross a railroad track hhProtecting ears from getting hit; from cold and wind hhSafety around trains that are stopped on the track hhGoing to a doctor for chronic earaches hhBicycle safety habits: ƒƒNose: hhRiding in the correct direction ƒƒPurpose; protection from germs hhUsing a safety helmet, handlebars, and hand signals ƒƒGood health habits: hhPassengers ƒƒProtecting others from your coughing or sneezing; proper use hhKeeping your bike in good working order of tissues hhRiding to school: ƒƒTeeth: hhBus, car hhInstructions for proper brushing hhGood riding habits: ƒƒGood tooth-care habits: hhUsing car seat belts ƒƒDrinking plenty of milk every day hhStaying seated on the bus ƒƒLimiting sugar hhKeeping hands inside bus and car windows ƒƒNot cracking nuts with teeth hhHow to cross the street after getting off a bus ƒƒBrushing correctly hhHow to get out of a car that is parked on a street hhPrimary and permanent teeth hhRide in the back seat of a car ƒƒGetting regular dental checkups ƒƒOn the playground: ƒƒKeeping hands away from face hhGood safety habits: hhKeeping pencils out of mouth hhStaying far from swings that are being used; not standing up hhNot eating from someone else’s food while swinging or jumping off while swing is in motion hhTaking care of clothing: hhSlide safety: at the bottom of the slide; at the top of the slide hhGood clothing-care habits: hhStanding back from merry-go-round in motion hhLearning what to do with clothes after taking them off; clothes hhNot standing on top of monkey bars that need to be mended; dirty clothes hhTaking turns with other boys and girls hhPutting on clean underclothes daily ƒƒIn the water: hhTaking coat or raincoat off when inside hhPool safety habits: hhTaking care of the home hhImportance of taking swimming lessons Safety hhAvoid going swimming or wading alone hhNot pushing others into the pool or running beside the pool ƒƒAt home: hhBoat safety habits: wearing a life jacket; not standing up ƒƒWays to prevent falls ƒƒIn a storm: ƒƒGood safety habits: ƒƒGood safety habits: ƒƒSharp and pointed objects: ƒƒStay inside ƒƒWalking while carrying hhSafety with telephone or electrical cords hhCarrying with the point down hhWhere to take refuge: if you are outside; if you are in a car ƒƒGetting parents to take medicine from medicine cabinet hhStay away from windows and doors hhHandling electrical cords with dry hands hhAvoid taking a bath or washing hands ƒƒSafety with matches and fire hhNot playing with your parent’s guns

Health cont. p. 30 29 GRADE 1

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont. Manners hhPaying attention to your teacher; how to get your teacher’s attention ƒƒAt home: hhAnswering when spoken to ƒƒImportant words: please, thank you, I’m sorry, you’re welcome hhStanding in line quietly h hhHaving company hPosture and conduct while saying Pledge of Allegiance ƒƒGood habits at home: ƒƒAt church: ƒƒComing quickly when called ƒƒPurpose of church ƒƒThanking God for your food hhGood habits at church: ƒƒNot talking with food in your mouth; chewing with mouth closed hhArriving on time ƒƒSaying “please” when you want something; remembering to say hhSinging praises to God; listening to His Word “thank you” hhHandling your money for the offering plate hhDoing your part to help your family hhWhen to leave the service hhNot spilling food on the table ƒƒIn public: ƒƒNot putting elbows on the table hhGrocery store, doctor’s office ƒƒSaying “I’m sorry” for hurting someone ƒƒGood habits in public: ƒƒAt school: hhSaying “ma’am” or “sir” when talking to an adult ƒƒSay “good morning” to your teacher hhBeing quiet in a waiting room hhRaise your hand ƒƒAnswering when someone speaks to you hhGood habits at school: hhNot running in a store hhNot interrupting when someone is speaking hhStaying close to parents hhProper response when someone makes a mistake hhCovering mouth when coughing or sneezing

Bible The Bible stories that have been taught from Preschool to K5 have laid the foun- Evaluation dation for stories that will be taught in first grade. Students learn more about ƒƒGraded memory verse the character, strengths, and weaknesses of men and women from the Bible. passages (9) By studying the lives of Bible characters, students will learn practical truths to apply to their own lives, such as our actions will bring about either rewards or consequences.

Bible Friends is correlated with the Bible concepts taught in the First Grade Bible curriculum. These 120 activities are designed to bring Bible truths to mind again during independent seatwork time.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 373 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work ƒƒSalvation Series (5 lessons) hhNew passages (9) containing 57 verses ƒƒGenesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; ƒƒReview verses (6) Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph Doctrinal Drill 38 questions/answers ƒƒLife of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministry ƒƒIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixion salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation and Resurrection hhLife of Paul Series 1 (5) Prayer Time ƒƒThe First Thanksgiving ƒƒLearn to pray with thanksgiving­ for each other, our nation, those in authority over us Music 25 songs ƒƒChoruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs Added Enrichment including: ƒƒThe Bible Friends Activity Book includes 120 worksheets to be hh12 new hymns and songs; 15 new choruses completed during seatwork.

30 GRADE 1

Music Songs We Enjoy 1 includes traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections that have been a part of our American heritage for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and enjoyable for the children.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 75 songs hhSinging familiar poems h hhDefine 11 unfamiliar words in the lyrics hReviewing numbers ƒƒLearn to follow a song leader hhPlacing their name in a song ƒƒDevelop ability to understand a song’s message Variety of Songs to Memorize ƒƒExercise creativity by acting out songs with props ƒƒFun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes ƒƒImprove coordination through motions that keep time with words ƒƒSongs about our founding fathers; songs to help build character hhLearn about: dynamic contrasts, tempo changes, solfège pitch ƒƒSongs to act out with suggested props ƒƒBenefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: ƒƒMotion songs, patriotic songs, folk songs, gospel songs, holiday hhWhistling songs, and seasonal songs. ƒƒMaking appropriate animal sounds

Arts & Crafts Art Projects 1 has been designed to give month-by-month variety in enjoyable art activities, to teach children elementary art techniques in many types of media, and to provide interesting seasonal projects.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hhAnalogous colors Develop fine motor skills with increasing level of difficulty through: ƒƒPerspective ƒƒCutting, gluing, coloring, folding ƒƒIncrease listening skills through following step-by-step instructions ƒƒDirected drawings, painting, paper modeling to complete more difficult projects ƒ ƒƒ3-D crafting and folding, incorporating moving parts ƒProjects include these themes: ƒƒAnimal, seasonal, holiday, scriptural, historical, cultural Concept Development hhIntroducing color wheel Technique Development ƒƒPrimary colors and secondary colors; color mixing hhVarious texture hhCrayon rubbing hhIntroducing patterns hhOutlining hhComplementary colors ƒƒDirectional coloring hhFall colors hhDrawing looping lines hh Drawing from geometrical shapes and from memory to make familiar items hhCone-shaping and cone-shaping with tabs ƒƒIntroducing line types: curved, short, long, straight, broken, zig-zag, hhPaper fringing wavy hhPaper curling hhIntroducing line types: looping ƒƒSponging ƒƒ3-D paper crafting hhTorn paper art hhFringe hhStippling hhSilhouettes hhCutting a fringe hhMosaic hhMosaic ƒƒUsing basic geometrical shapes to form objects hhCrayon resist ƒƒLight source, shading, and shadow hhString painting hhDefining artistic terms hhQuilling ƒƒDrawing organic shapes ƒƒFolding hhTransparent coloring (using light pressure) hhContour drawing ƒƒOverlay to mix colors hhPaper crafting—twisting, rolling, scrunching hhTangible texture ƒƒFinger and knuckle stamping hhCurling paper ƒƒAssembling song booklets

31 GRADE 2

Language Arts: Phonics & Language 2 Phonics and Language 2 is used to practice concepts taught in phonics and Added Enrichment language class. The front of each page is used as classroom practice; the ƒƒReview games back of the page is for completion during independent seatwork. Phonics ƒƒEnrichment activities and suggestions instruction is the culmination of the Abeka intensive phonics program. After ƒƒFour themes (pond, jungles, travel, Phonics Application Grammar Sentence Structure reviewing vowel sounds, consonant sounds, and how to blend them together, Language Development camping) to enhance lessons students learn consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, and clue words to help ƒƒGlossary section to expand vocabulary them remember these sounds. Students apply what they have learned on a and practice research skills deeper level than first grade. Language concepts learned in first grade are ƒ expanded as students learn to apply the following concepts: recognizing and ƒDuring independent seatwork: correctly punctuating four kinds of sentences; identifying and correctly using ƒƒUsing adjectives and adverbs to nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; identifying subject and predicate of enhance writing sentence; using and identifying compound words, rhyming words, antonyms, ƒƒUsing proofreader's marks to correct synonyms, contractions, and singular possessive words; forming plural nouns sentence errors by applying spelling rules. By the end of the year, students will have a strong ƒƒUsing glossary to practice research phonics and language foundation upon which to build. ƒƒContinual review and application of previously taught material Evaluation ƒƒOral and written phonics and language ƒƒLanguage and phonic skills are included in weekly tests  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hhRecognizing silent letters in words containing gn in gnat, in knot, in wrinkle, in eight ƒƒReview long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds kn wr eigh hhChoose between in worms/ in warm by listening to the ƒƒReview and master one- and two-vowel rules: When there is one wor war beginning sound vowel in a word, it usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels in a word, the first one says its long sound and the second hhChoose “wa in wash“ when beginning with a word sounding with one is silent. short o/“w“ sound ƒƒBlend consonants/special sounds with vowels: hhChoose the correct ending sound in a given word: ƒƒStudents write the blend of a given word; circle the special sound ƒƒCorrectly use ll, ff, ss at end of a word and mark the vowel ƒƒsuffix -s says “s“ or “z“ ƒƒMaster 132 special sounds and clue words: special sounds include ƒƒRecognize the following sounds at the end of short words: e in me, consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 suffixes, 5 prefixes o in go, y in fly ƒƒDemonstrate ability to provide other example words that contain hhUse suffixes correctly when heard in a dictated word special sounds hhAdding more than one suffix to a word hhList all the special sounds in a given word after it is orally dictated hhChoose “ay in pray“ when a long a sound is at the end of a root word hhIdentify special sounds in a given word and know why that special hhChoose “y in baby“ at the end of certain words ending with a long sound is used e sound hhChoose the correct sound in a given word when there is more than hhChoose “le in little“ at the end of certain words ending with an “l“ one spelling for a sound: sound hhck in duck/k-e (ex.: back—“ck in duck“ follows a short vowel sound; hhChoose between -ed in looked/-ed in played when a root word bake—k-e follows a long vowel sound follows a “t“ or “d“ sound hhoy in boy/oi in coin (ex.: joyful—“oy in boy“ must be chosen hhChoose ought in thought/aught in caught at the end of a root word because it is at the end of a root word; point—“oi in coin“ must be with a short o/“t“ sound chosen because it is in the middle of the root word) hhChoose “ture in pasture“ at the end of certain words with the same hhtch in patch/ch in church (ex.: matches—“tch in patch“ must be sound as “ch in church“ along with an “er“ sound (ex.: fracture) chosen because the sound follows a short vowel; chimes—“ch in hhRecognizing silent letters when spelling words with igh in night, church“ must be chosen because “tch in patch“ cannot be at the alk in walk, le in little, -ed in looked, -ed in played, tch in patch, beginning of a word) mb in lamb, ought in thought, aught in caught, dge in fudge, hhg in giant, dge in fudge, j in jar (ex.: cage—“g in giant“ must come ould in could, ough in enough before e, i, or y; badge—“dge in fudge“ must follow a short vowel) hhRecognize choices in the spelling of special sounds having or con- hhc in city/s consonant (ex.: century—“c in city“ comes before e, i, or y taining the same sound: hhChoose the correct beginning sound: hhe in me, y in baby, -y in rainy, -ly in slowly, ie in brownie hhRecognize choices in the following consonant blend sounds when hho in go/ow in bowl given blends or words to spell: hhay in pray, ea in steak, ey in obey, eigh in eight hhst in stop, pl in plane, tr in train, bl in block, cl in clock, fl in flake, hhsh in ship, tion in nation, sion in missionary in glue, in bride, in drum, in pray, in grin, in gl br dr pr gr sm hhth in thick/thr in three smoke, sc in scat, sk in skate, sp in spade, cr in crab, tw in twins, hhsc in scat/sk in skate spl in splash, spr in sprain, scr in scream, qu in squeak, sn in hh in morning/ in warm snack, sl in sleep, str in stream, sw in swim, thr in three or war hh in out/ in owl hhUse prefixes correctly when heard in a dictated word ou ow

Phonics & Language cont. p. 33 32 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Phonics & Language cont. Skills Development cont. hhUsing an apostrophe to show ownership (’s) ƒƒUsing apostrophes in contractions hhch in church/tch in patch, ture in pasture hhUsing commas to separate three of more items in a series hher in verse, ur in nurse, ir in bird, ear in earth, -er in bigger, wr in wrinkle, or in sailor, ar in dollar hhThe sentence: hhoo in tooth/ew in flew hhRecognize complete sentences hhoi in coin/oy in boy hhRecognize questions, exclamations, and commands hhoo in book, ou in could, u in push hhLearn terms: exclamatory, declarative, interrogative, and impera- tive sentences hha in adopt, o in shovel, a in banana, a- in asleep, ough in enough, ou in country hhDefine and identify nouns hhall in ball, alk in walk, au in faucet, aw in saw, ought in thought, hhDefine and identify verbs aught in caught hhDefine and identify adjectives that tell what kind and how many hhg in giant/dge in fudge hhDefine and identify adverbs that tell how hhair in hair, arr in carry, are in care, err in cherry hhIdentifying complete subject and predicate of sentence hhSpell compound words correctly by applying special sound applica- hhIdentifying simple subject and predicate of sentence tion tips/rules hhDiagramming simple subject and predicate of sentence hhRead compound words with speed and accuracy ƒƒWord study and diction: hhRead “challenge words“ with speed and accuracy ƒƒAdd suffixes and prefixes to root words hhDevelop listening through dictated sentences; using phonics appli- ƒƒDetermine number of syllables cation skills while students: ƒƒRecognize and use correctly: hhRemember each word ƒƒCompound words, rhyming words hhSpell each word correctly ƒƒOpposite words (antonyms), same-meaning words (synonyms), hhSpell contractions correctly same-sounding words (homonyms) hhSpell number words, days of the week, months of the year hhSingular and plural words; singular possessives hhCapitalize correctly based on rules learned ƒƒContractions hhChoose correct ending punctuation ƒƒDivide words into syllables ƒƒUnderstand that syllables are parts of words ƒƒAlphabetize words ƒƒCorrectly divide words into syllables between: hhCorrectly use words such as sit, sat, set; learn, teach; may, can; ƒƒDouble consonants; root words and suffixes to, too, two; right, write; blue, blew ƒƒA vowel and a consonant; two differing consonants hhAbbreviate days of the week, months of the year, selected English ƒƒPrefixes and root words measures, selected titles such as Dr., Mr., Mrs. hhIdentify the number of syllables in a given word ƒƒCorrectly use a glossary (terms: guide words, entry) ƒƒIdentify root words hhCorrectly use a dictionary (terms: guide words, entry, definition) hhDemonstrate ability to add prefixes and suffixes to a root word while spelling the new word correctly by applying the following rules: Composition ƒƒWrite: ƒƒWhen a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel is short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix ƒƒComplete sentences beginning with a vowel. (ex.: swim + ing = swimming) ƒƒOriginal sentence ƒƒWhen a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped ƒƒRewrite a sentence correctly before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (ex.: hike + ed = ƒƒAnswer a question in complete sentence hiked) Added Enrichment hhWhen a root word ends with a y and the suffix begins with an e, change the y to an i before adding the suffix. (ex.: try + ed = Extra practice available in Seatwork curriculum: tried) ƒƒCopy sentences hhWhen a root word ends with a y and the suffix is -ly, change the y ƒƒFinish/correct sentences to an i before adding the suffix. ƒƒWrite original sentences Grammar ƒƒGlossary skill exercises hhDictionary skill exercises ƒƒCapitalization: ƒƒFirst word in the sentence ƒƒ Days of week and months of year hhHolidays and special days ƒƒNames of people ƒƒThe word I ƒƒTitles ƒƒPunctuation: ƒƒUsing periods to end sentences hhUsing question marks and exclamation points to end sentences

33 GRADE 2

MLanguageeadows Arts: Reading 2c 2c Students will advance their reading and comprehension skills as they reinforce the application of phonics rules. The early readers correlate with the progression of the concepts and sounds presented in the phonics curriculum. Subsequent read- ers include children’s classics, stories from America’s past, selections by famous authors, and stories with heroes that the children can emulate. One reader is a juvenile novel, another presents life in Israel in the days of Christ, and others include fables, animal tales, stories from children’s classics, biographical stories, poetry, Scripture readings, and patriotic stories.

2d 2d Literary Value ƒƒCharacter-building themes such as American times/culture book, gratitude, responsibility, helpfulness, international cultures and folktales f ƒƒ83 authors, including well-known writers industry, perseverance, courage, book; information book about o such as Beatrix Potter, A. A. Milne, Robert patriotism, and integrity animals Wonders McCloskey, Hans Christian Andersen, ƒ Imagination Robert Louis Stevenson, Nathaniel Haw- Materials ƒPrimary Bible Reader includes thorne, Sara Cone Bryant Scripture reading ƒƒReaders (9) containing short stories ƒƒSelections and adaptations from chil- (101), poems (90), plays (3), crafts (1), Evaluation dren’s literature such as Make Way for recipes (2) ƒƒWeekly oral reading grade “Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting Ducklings, ƒƒChristian fiction novel; biblical times/ and Nearly Catch a Woozle,” The Tale of culture, and geography book; early Peter Rabbit, The Golden Touch  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development hhQuests for Adventure—15 stories, 27 poems, 28 riddles called “Can You Guess?” including present-day themes relating to adventure and ƒƒRead and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds Scripture selections; building vocabulary using advanced words and and rules definitions; introductions and story themes featuring Christian virtues ƒƒRead orally and silently and complete comprehension activities and character traits; phonetic progression using special sounds ƒƒStrive for increasing vocabulary, accuracy, correct enunciation, flu- from Basic Phonics Charts 9-11; reviews literary terms—title, author, ency, phrasing, alertness to punctuation, good expression, compre- main character; introduction to literary term—plot including recalling hension, appropriate pace for grade level, volume, and poise events of a story in proper sequence, and climax questions, illustra- ƒƒFollow along as others read orally tion analysis, choral reading, play-acting, silent reading selections, ƒƒReceive differentiated instruction with ability grouping and other enrichment activities; creative writing/drawing, for check- hhComprehend a variety of reading material—maps, charts, graphs, ing comprehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” recipes, posted signs such as instructions/guidelines ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions. Literary Concept Development hhAcross the Meadow—15 stories, 20 poems, 1 play including classic hhExpose students to literary terms—main character, plot, setting, literature, as well as a variety of other styles and Scripture selections; moral building vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; introduc- hhIdentify the story’s title, author, main idea, main character, moral, tions and story themes featuring Christian virtues and character author’s intent, setting, plot traits; phonetic progression using special sounds from Basic Phonics hhDescribe the main character’s appearance, feelings, actions based Charts 12-13; highlight famous authors and some of their best-known on textual inference works; reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, plot; introduction to literary term—setting including, recognizing descriptive hhDescribe setting (where and when the plot takes place) by identify- words and phrases, illustration analysis, storytelling, crafts, recipes, ing descriptive words character webs, silent reading selections, and play-acting and other hhExplain how characters relate to events of the story enrichment activities; creative writing/drawing, for checking com- hhUnderstand cause/effect, problem/solution as they relate to the prehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, characters in the story inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions. hhDiscern the meaning of a story hhWonders of Imagination—12 stories 11 poems, 1 play, 3 “Have You hhCompare the same story by two different authors Ever Wondered?” feature pages, including classic literature and sto- hhPredict the story’s outcome ries with fanciful themes and Scripture selections; building vocabu- hhCompare predictions to actual outcome lary using advanced words and definitions, illustration analysis; charting comparisons; introductions and story themes differentiat- Readers ing reality and imaginative fiction highlighting Christian virtues and hhFun with Friends—18 stories and 9 poems, 1 song, 1 play including character traits; practicing rhyming words; reviews literary terms— modern-day themes relating to animals and people and Scripture title, author, main character, plot, setting; introduction to literary term selections, introductions and story themes featuring Christian virtues –moral including cause/effect and problem/solution questions and and character traits; phonetic progression from one-vowel words to creative writing/drawing, word webs, and play-acting for checking two-vowel words and comparing similar one- and two-vowel words, comprehension; silent reading selections; “Think About It!” and “What through special sounds from Basic Phonics Charts 6-8; practicing Do YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen- rhyming words and compound words; building vocabulary using sion and discussion questions. advanced words and definitions; introduction to literary terms—title, hhThrough the Skies—12 stories and 8 poems including classic literature as author, main character including questions, character comparisons, well as a variety of styles and topics and Scripture selections; building character web, charting comparisons; choral reading, sequencing, vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; introductions and illustration analysis, silent reading selections, and other enrichment story themes featuring Christian virtues and character traits; illustra- activities; creative writing/drawing and storytelling for checking com- tion analysis; highlight famous authors and some of their best-known prehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, works; reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, plot, set- inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions. ting, moral, including character web, charting comparisons, charting Reading cont. p. 35 34 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Reading cont. cause/effect, questions, silent reading selections, and other enrichment their habitat; Bible application highlighting intelligent design; sequenc- activities; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking comprehen- ing order of events; considering charts and instructions; building sion; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; charting compari- and interpretive comprehension and discussion questions. sons; glossary of animal profiles; silent reading selections, word webs, hhGrowing Up in Early America—17 stories, 9 poems, 7 photo/charac- and other enrichment activities; reviews literary terms—character, plot, ter fact pages which correspond to time periods, 1 craft project with setting; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking comprehen- directions, 1 recipe with conversion chart, including classic literature, sion; “Words to Practice” analyze advanced words; “Think About It!” and historical fiction and nonfiction, folk tales, legends, and articles relating “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, and interpretive compre- to life in early America from 1620 through the early 1900s, historical hension and discussion questions. fun facts, with Scripture selections; charting comparisons; character hhMy New Name—a Christian fiction novel containing a character web; building vocabulary using advanced words and definitions, silent sketch, 13 chapters; Bible application; vocabulary enrichment; reading selections, and other enrichment activities; highlight famous reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, plot, moral, authors and some of their best-known works, as well as other early setting; charting comparisons; games, storytelling, illustration American writers; reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, analysis, silent reading selections, word webs, and other enrichment plot, moral, setting; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking activities; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking compre- comprehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, hension; factual, “What Can YOU Do?”, inferential, and interpretive inferential, and interpretive comprehension and discussion questions. comprehension and discussion questions. “What Can YOU Do?” are creative prompts that encourages students to hhReading Comprehension 2—a collection of advertisements, science think about others. articles, short stories, recipes, instructional pages for thinking and hhGrowing Up around the World—15 stories, 8 poems, 1 recipe, 1 lyric, problem solving; index of literary application; identifying main char- world map with icons for each country, 12 photo fact pages represent- acter—appearance, feelings, actions, as well as main ideas—moral, ing each country, including classic literature, historical fiction and non- author’s intent, cause/effect, problem/solution, context, details, fact/ fiction, folktales, legends, favorite stories from around the world, and opinion, fantasy/reality, visualization, prediction based on fact and Scripture selections; building vocabulary using advanced words and textual inference; includes charting comparisons, character webs, definitions; introduction to foreign words/vocabulary including audio puzzles, diagrams, coloring sheets; factual, inferential, and interpretive demonstrations for foreign pronunciations; character web, word web, comprehension questions charting comparisons, art/photo analysis, silent reading selections, and ƒƒPrimary Bible Reader—class reading selections and passages from the other enrichment activities; reviews literary terms—title, author, main Old and New Testaments character, plot, moral, setting; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking comprehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis Skills ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension and discussion Development questions. ƒƒAnswer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems hhGrowing Up Where Jesus Lived—a 10-chapter informational book ƒƒAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion questions describing ancient Israel in the days of Christ including maps and dia- ƒƒIdentify main character, main idea, author’s intent, setting, or moral grams; treasure chest of Scripture selections for reference and com- ƒ parison; building vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; ƒUnderstand the parts of a story how to organize them to form a plot for illustration observation, interesting cultural facts, charting comparisons, creative writing Scripture songs, sample Aramaic writing, riddles, silent reading selec- ƒƒCompare and contrast characters, events, and information; sharpen tions, and other enrichment activities; “Think About It!” and “What Do problem solving skills; relate cause to effect with character webs and YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension Venn diagramming and discussion questions. ƒƒAnalyze and draw conclusions from art, illustration, photos, and charted hhAll Kinds of Animals—an informational book containing 15 chapters information about animals; highlight animal information facts and fun facts; observ- ƒƒDifferentiate fanciful and realistic events ing animal tracks; discerning false information; observing animals in

Language Arts: Cursive Writing/Creative Writing 2 Cursive Writing: Building upon each grade, the consistent step-by-step approach Added Enrichment to good penmanship presented in Writing with Phonics 2 emphasizes neatness and ƒƒDecorative journal containing 17 W W¯���i�g 2 ¯

riting with correct letter formation in daily practice. Writing habits which are polished during dated journal entries PhonicsFifth Edition

with Phonics Phonics second grade will greatly influence students’ penmanship skills throughout life. ƒƒCreative writing ex. during:

2 Creative Writing: Beginning in lesson 81, penmanship class will focus primarily on ƒƒScience (6) Penmanship Creative Writing creative writing skills and some penmanship review. Creative writing skills will be ƒƒHistory (12) w ˘�� ˘�� ˘����� I ����� ��� ������! taught in a sequence that will prepare students to write their own stories incorpo- ƒƒHealth (3) ´8@X!X¨ abeka.com 24325601 rating higher level thinking skills into imaginative writing. Evaluation ƒƒTests (31)  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒReview correct formation for all lower and uppercase letters and numbers 1–10 ƒƒAchieve good writing position: ƒƒPerfect writing skills for a good, overall appearance: ƒƒSitting properly in desk ƒƒForming difficult letters correctly ƒƒHolding pencil correctly ƒ ƒSlanting paper correctly Creative Writing cont. p. 36 35 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Creative Writing cont. Skills Development cont. ƒƒUse proper punctuation and capitalization; simple sentence structure; recognize difference between phrases and sentences; ƒƒPlacing letters correctly on the lines complete sentences, write sentences using suggested words, ƒƒUsing proper spacing between letters and words proper paragraph form, choose titles; develop stories using ƒƒSlanting letter properly suggested themes; sequencing; writing a process summary, ƒƒWriting slowly and carefully starting/concluding sentences; writing friendly letters; writing ƒƒMaking smooth connections between letters, difficult letters, blends persuasive letters; writing original poetry; writing an acrostic; ƒƒUsing key strokes: trace, wave, loop, oval, mountain incorporating character development, plot setting, and moral into writing; dated journal entries hhKeeping size consistent while making a connection without the help of a dotted line ƒƒCompositions include these themes: hhWriting without use of dotted lines ƒƒImaginative, historical, character building, Bible story, poetry, hhDouble-spaced writing school, "how to" ƒƒCorrectly write ƒƒCompositions ƒƒBlends, words, sentences, paragraphs, and poems ƒƒDuring creative writing (8) ƒƒCreative writing ƒƒDuring seatwork (27) ƒƒReviewing the writing process learned in 1st grade: read and gather, think and plan, write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry

1 In second grade, spelling is taught as an individual subject for the first time. The spelling curriculum continues to be correlated with phonics. The spelling lists

F float Fou in reinforce the phonics concepts which the students are rt th Spelling and Poetry 2 Ed iti on tree learning. By the end of the year, students will be learning vocabulary words and castle their definitions. Poems for memorization have been selected for their beauty of sand language, literary greatness, and character-building qualities.

´8@-!>¨ abeka.com 24321301 Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒSpelling lists (33): ƒƒWorksheet activities (132): ƒƒSpelling tests (33) ƒƒSpelling words (549) ƒƒBuild on previous concepts ƒƒVocabulary words (54) ƒƒReinforce new concepts ƒƒOrganized by special sounds ƒƒHomework sheets (33) include spelling list ƒƒSpelling games (16)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling Skills Development ƒƒLearn how to spell words containing special sounds of similar sound with different spellings hhMaster spelling lists including: hh48 sight words and 3 contractions Worksheet Activities: ƒ hh27 commonly misspelled words ƒSolving crossword puzzles; thinking of homonyms and rhyming words hh12 abbreviations ƒƒCreating phrases; grouping similar words together hh54 vocabulary words and ­definitions ƒƒUnderstanding the meaning of vocabulary words hhUse vocabulary words in proper context ƒƒFinding misspelled words and knowing how to correct them ƒƒApply spelling and phonics concepts through daily: ƒƒMatching contractions with their words ƒƒTeacher-directed oral practice ƒƒCombining root words with the suffixes ƒƒIndependent written practice -y, -er, -est, -ly, -en, -es, -ed ƒƒUsing prefixes ƒƒHear and see spelling and vocabulary words in example sentences, a-, al-, be-, en-, un- in order to: Poetry Skills Development ƒ ƒClearly picture each word’s meaning; differentiate between hhMemorize 8 lyrical poems sound-alike words ƒƒDevelop appreciation of poetry hhUse words correctly when speaking and writing ƒƒPerform in front of an audience ƒƒLearn spelling rules: ƒƒRecite in unison ƒƒKnow: one- and two-vowel rules; comes before and comes k i e; c ƒƒDevelop appropriate expression and volume before a, o, and u ƒƒImprove comprehension ƒƒCorrectly use at end of word: double consonants ll or ss; ck after a hhLearn definitions and use of unfamiliar words short vowel; ke after a long vowel ƒ ƒƒDouble a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a ƒ Maintain interest and increase understanding with comprehension vowel questions ƒƒDrop the silent e

36 GRADE 2

Arithmetic The traditional work-text Arithmetic 2 builds a foundation for learning more abstract concepts and teaches students how to apply mathematical concepts to real-life situations. Concepts

Work-text Second Edition taught or reviewed in Arithmetic 2 include counting, place value, addition and subtraction, money, time, graphs, simple geometry, multiplication and division, and Roman numerals. Students will apply the skills and facts they have learned as they complete word problems that are based on concrete situa­tions. New material is built on prior learning and encourages students to think through new concepts. Arithmetic 2 and curriculum include daily reasoning questions that challenge students’ thinking ability. Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒHigher-level thinking activities ƒƒDaily skills-development exercises ƒƒAbeka games ƒƒWritten tests ƒƒThematic units: pond, travel, jungles, ƒƒOral tests: combinations, answers, and camping detailed instructions for weekly oral tests ƒƒReview games included in daily lesson plans ƒƒTeaching tips ƒƒEnrichment activities

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers Addition ƒƒRecognize and understand numbers: ƒƒAddition families: ƒƒ1–1,000 ƒƒ1 –18 hh1,001–100,000 ƒƒHorizontal and vertical form ƒƒCounting: ƒƒAdd doubles ƒƒBy ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100 hhAddition terminology ƒƒBy threes to 36 ƒƒAddition “twins” (concept of commutative principle) hhBy fours to 48 ƒƒTimed mastery hhBy twenty-fives to 300 ƒƒWord problems: oral, written ƒƒContinue counting patterns ƒƒMental arithmetic: ƒƒTally marks hhProblems with up to 5 single-digit numbers ƒƒWriting numbers: hhEstimate sums ƒƒBy ones, twos, fives, and tens to 1,000 ƒƒCarrying: ƒƒBy threes to 36 ƒƒTo tens and hundreds places in 2- and 3-digit problems hhBy fours to 48 hhTo ten-thousands place in 3- and 4-digit ­problems hhDictation to hundred thousands hhHorizontal problems with carrying ƒƒComparing before and after: ƒƒMoney: add dollars and cents ƒ ƒBy ones, twos, fives, tens Subtraction hhBy twenty-fives and hundreds ƒƒSubtraction families: ƒƒNumber words: ƒƒ1 –13 ƒƒUse of one to twelve hh14 –18 hhUse of thirteen to twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred ƒƒVertical and horizontal form ƒƒPlace value: ƒƒSubtract: ƒƒOnes, tens, hundreds ƒƒ0, 1, 2; all of a number hhHalf of a number hhThousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands hhSubtraction terminology hhMoney: round to nearest dollar; to nearest ten ƒƒRoman numerals: ƒƒTimed mastery ƒƒCounting and value: ƒƒWord problems: oral, written ƒƒ1–12 hhMental arithmetic: hhProblems with up to 5 single digit numbers combining subtraction hh13–30; 50; 100; 500; 1,000 and addition ƒƒReading clock using Roman numerals ƒƒSubtraction with borrowing: hhBasic rules for Roman numerals: ƒƒ2 and 3 digits hhAdd repeated Roman numerals hh4 digits hhAdd when lesser numeral follows greater one ƒƒBorrowing: hhSubtract when lesser numeral comes before greater one hhFrom tens place in 2-, 3-, and 4-digit problems hhFrom hundreds place in 3- and 4-digit problems

Arithmetic cont. p. 38 37 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Subtraction cont. ƒƒo’clock (:00); half past (:30) ƒ hhFrom thousands place in 4-digit problems ƒQuarter past; quarter till; three-quarters past ƒ hhWith zeros in the minuend ƒFive-minute intervals ƒƒMoney: subtract dollars and cents hhOne-minute intervals ƒƒTable of time: Multiplication ƒƒSeconds, minutes, hours ƒƒBuilding blocks: ƒƒDays, months, year ƒƒCounting by twos, threes, fives, and tens ƒƒCalendar: hhCounting by fours ƒƒMonths of year, days of week hhWord problems: oral, written hhDays in year, weeks in year hhGraphs to show multiplication facts ƒƒDate hhTerms: factor, product hhTime lapse ƒƒMultiply: hhDates as digits hhBy 1, 0 hhTables, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 Money ƒ hhFind missing factor ƒRecognition and value of penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar ƒ hhMultiple combinations ƒCounting pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, half dollars h hhMultiplication “twins” (concept of commutative principle) hCombining coins for any amount hhConverting to cents using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) Division ƒƒWord problems: oral, written hhConcept of division hhRecognize symbols: hhBuilding blocks: dividing groups of objects hh$ (dollar) hhRecognize symbols: ÷ and (division house) ƒƒ¢ (cent) hhWord problems: oral, written hhAdding money using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) hhTerms: dividend, divisor, quotient hhDetermining change hhDivide: hhRounding to nearest dollar hhBy 1 hhTables 2, 3, 5, 10 Measures ƒ hhDivision combinations ƒWord problems: oral, written ƒƒTemperature: Fractions ƒƒDegrees: reading, writing ƒƒParts of a whole and group: one half, one third, one fourth hhIntroduced to: ƒƒFinding the fractional part of a whole number hhCelsius scale hhComparing fractions hhFreezing and boiling point of water hhWord problems: oral, written hhBody temperature on Fahrenheit scale hhMixed numbers ƒƒLength: Decimals hhQuarter-inch ƒƒInch, foot, yard, centimeter ƒƒMoney: use of dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) in ­addition hhMeter hhAlign decimal points when adding and subtracting dollars and cents hhAbbreviations Problem Solving & Applications hhSmallest to longest ƒƒBuilding blocks: oral word problems hhComparing lengths ƒƒWord problems: hhApplications: measuring, drawing ƒƒAddition, subtraction ƒƒWeight: hhMultiplication, division ƒƒOunce, pound, kilogram ƒƒMoney hhGram hhFractions hhApplications hhCarrying, borrowing ƒƒDozen, half dozen hhSteps of problem-­solving process ƒƒCapacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon ƒƒApplications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts: ƒƒTime, length, temperature Graphing, Statistics, Probability ƒƒBar graphs: ƒƒGraphs, weight, money ƒƒHorizontal hhFractions, recipes hhVertical Time ƒƒPictographs ƒƒClock: hhLine graphs: plot point on line graph ƒƒHour and minute hands hhCircle graphs ƒƒa.m. and p.m. hhRead a grid, a map hhComparing graphs

Arithmetic cont. p. 39 38 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Geometry hhScale drawings ƒƒPlane figures: circle, square, rectangle, ­triangle ƒƒSymmetry h hhPlane figures: oval, hexagon, trapezoid hLocations on a coordinate plane ƒ hhSolid figures: sphere, cube, pyramid ƒPerimeter: ƒ hhVertex: identify number of vertexes in plane and solid shapes ƒRectangle h hhEdge and face: identify number of edges and faces in plane and hSquare solid shapes hhGeometric Shapes hhMeasure, draw, and compare lines

History & Geography Our America takes students back into history to learn what life would Added Enrichment have been like in our country’s early days. Students will study the lives ƒƒVocabulary boxes featuring difficult of groups of people who have made valuable contributions to our words and definitions American heritage: the Pilgrims, Native Americans, early colonists, ƒƒActivities included in student text and pioneers, cowboys, and immigrants. teacher edition such as games, class In addition to maps and geographical facts, Our America also features parades, art ­projects, class diorama information about our flag and the history behind our patriotic holidays ƒƒ Songs such as “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” and songs. Review questions and activities throughout the text help to and “Pawpaw Patch” passed down check students’ comprehension. through history from early Americans ƒƒ Creative Writing (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Sweet Land of Liberty hhWhat were colonial houses like: clapboard, log cabins, stone, plantations ƒƒAmericans: hhWhat did colonists eat: meat and vegetables, food that could be ƒƒUnique people dried ƒƒFlag: symbol of America ƒƒColonial Shops: ƒƒAmerica's freedoms: freedom of speech, press, religion, and assem- ƒƒWhat kinds of shops: silversmith, blacksmith, joiner, cobbler, bly, using your freedoms wisely apothecary, cooper, whitesmith Early America hhHow were things bought/sold: bartering system hhNative Americans ƒƒColonial Schools: hhFirst Americans hhMost children taught at home hhRegional differences: way of life varied according to location hhSchool was seasonal hhSeparatists hhOne-room schoolhouses: teacher called schoolmaster, taught all hhEscaping from England to Holland students in same room hhLeaving Holland for the New World hhHornbook/New England Primer ƒƒPilgrims ƒƒActivities: ƒƒTravelling on the Mayflower hhMaking an oiled-paper window ƒƒLanding in the New World hhMaking a hornbook ƒƒMeeting the Native Americans/making friendships: Samoset, A Free America Squanto ƒƒGeorge Washington ƒƒLearning how to survive: planting corn, fishing, hunting hhFrench and Indian War ƒƒActivities ƒƒThe Declaration of Independence hhWeaving a mat hhWhy colonies wanted to declare freedom from England hhWatching maize grow ƒƒJuly 4, 1776: date of declaration ƒƒLandmarks/symbols: Plymouth Harbor/Plymouth Rock hhPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania: Place where signers of Declaration ƒƒAmerican Holidays: Thanksgiving Day met Colonial America ƒƒAmerican War for Independence ƒƒColonial Life: ƒƒGeorge Washington leads Colonial army hhWhat is a colony ƒƒReason for war: freedom from England ƒƒUnited States of America

History cont. p. 40 39 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont.

ƒƒ13 original colonies become 13 states hhCowboys: job, equipment needed ƒƒGeorge Washington chosen as first President hhCow towns ƒƒFlag of the United States of America hhCattle drives: chuck wagons, wranglers, stampedes hhLiberty Tree and Rattlesnake flags hhAmerica's Songs: "Git Along, Little Dogies"; "Goodbye Old Paint" ƒƒColors/design of flag: 13 stripes, alternating red and white, 13 white stars in field of blue A New America hhNew Americans: immigrants hhBetsy Ross: seamstress, possibly made 1st flag ƒƒPledge of Allegiance: meaning of words hhDreams, goals: freedom of worship, finding good job, good educa- tion, enough food to eat, owning land/home ƒƒLandmarks/Symbols: ƒƒAmerica's Songs: "God Bless America" ƒƒStatue of Liberty hhAmerican Free-Enterprise System ƒƒLiberty Bell hhHow businesses work: consumer/producer, supply/demand ƒƒWashington Monument hhAmerican Work Ethic ƒƒAmerican Holidays: hhAmerican Holidays: Labor Day–first Monday in September ƒƒIndependence Day–July 4 hhAmerican Inventions/Inventors: sleeping car, assembly line, airplane, ƒƒWashington's Birthday/Presidents' Day—third Monday in February telephone, light bulbs, phonographs, motion pictures hhFlag Day–June 14 hhMore American Inventors and Scientists: hhFlag etiquette hhGarrett Morgan: breathing mask, traffic light ƒƒAmerica's Songs: "Yankee Doodle" hhNorman Borlaug: global hunger A Growing America hhDr. Robert Shurney: scientist for NASA hhThe Battle of 1812 hhIgor Sikorsky: helicopter ƒƒFort McHenry, Baltimore, MD hhMary Anderson: windshield wiper ƒƒAmerica's Songs: "The Star-Spangled Banner" hhDr. An Wang: computer memory ƒƒOriginally was a poem hhAmericans of Creativity: hhBecame national anthem in 1931 hhFanny Crosby: hymns ƒƒLandmarks/Symbols: Smithsonian Institute hhJohn Philip Sousa: conductor/composer ƒƒAmerica's Songs: "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" hhNorman Rockwell: art, Saturday Evening Post hhWritten by Samuel Francis Smith hhAmerican Athletes Who Changed the Game: hhTune is from German hymn hhJackie Robinson: baseball hhAmerica's Pioneers hhKnute Rockne: football hhWestward expansion—frontier hhJim Thorpe: Olympic athlete hhDaniel Boone, Wilderness Road hhAmericans of Courage: hhWagon master/wagon train hhOn the Battlefield: Sergeant Alvin York, Sergeant Silvestre Herrera, hhPioneer's possessions 101st Airborne, Navajo Code Talkers h hhWhat it was like traveling west hCourage in Space and Science Discovery ƒƒAmerica's Songs: "Pawpaw Patch," "Skip to My Lou," "America the hhNeil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin: Apollo 11 mission Beautiful" hhCrew of the Challenger hhThe Underground Railroad: hhCourage on the Mission Field: hhLeaders: Harriet Tubman, William Still, Thomas Garrett, Levi Coffin hhJohn and Betty Stam ƒƒLandmarks/Symbols: Levi Coffin House—Underground Railroad hhJim and Elisabeth Elliot "station" hhLast States Added to Union: Alaska, Hawaii added ƒƒAmerica's Songs: "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" ƒƒTerritories of United States: Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, hhOur Country Argues: U.S. Virgin Islands hhStates' rights/slavery ƒƒActivities ƒƒAbraham Lincoln hhWriting your own code ƒƒLandmarks/Symbols: Lincoln Memorial Tomorrow's America ƒƒAmerican Holidays: ƒƒGood Citizenship hhMemorial Day—May 30 ƒƒCommunities: cities/urban areas, suburbs, towns, rural hhVeterans Day—November 11 hhPrivilege to Pray The American West hhPrivilege to Serve hhRailroads Geography Study hh"Iron Horse" ƒƒGlobe hhEffects of railroad on Native American way of life–treaties ƒƒCardinal/secondary directions, compass rose hhUnion Pacific/Central Pacific–transcontinental railroad finished ƒƒSeven Continents and five oceans in 1869 hhHemisphere hhChanged what kinds of foods people ate ƒƒEquator hhCattle Ranching hhPoles hhBrands

History cont. p. 41 40 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont. Geography Study cont. ƒƒNeighbors to north and south: Canada and Mexico ƒƒCoasts ƒƒMap Key ƒƒHome state hhLandforms: hill, mountain, valley, gorge, lake, river, island, peninsula ƒƒRegions of United States hhAppalachian and Rocky Mountains ƒƒ13 original colonies, 50 state locations ƒƒGreat Lakes, Great Plains ƒƒCapital city (Washington, D.C.) hhVolcano, Glaciers ƒƒLocation of England, Holland (The Netherlands) hhMt. Denali ƒƒMississippi River, Gulf of Mexico

Science 2 2 Enjoying God’s World guides the student’s study of God’s plan for creation. Added Enrichment Students will increase both their reading comprehension and their knowledge of ƒƒAdditional hands-on learning Fifth Edition scientific concepts while learning about the human body, plants, animals and their activities in daily lesson plans habitats, matter and energy, and earth and space from God’s viewpoint. ƒƒLesson activities (17) Through the “how” and “why” questions that are answered in this text, children will ƒƒAdditional activities (90) learn about the world around them while developing their thinking skills. Enjoying ƒƒExperiments (7) God’s World also includes hands-on activities and demonstrations that help to ƒƒCreative Writing (6) increase each student’s comprehension of basic science concepts.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Human Biology hhHow leaves make food in green plants–chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, sugar hhBalance of living things ƒƒSpecial to God: five senses and sense organs hhWhy green leaves change colors in the fall–decay, dormant ƒ ƒƒEyes: pupil, iris, lens ƒRoots: root hairs ƒƒEars: outer ear, ear canal, eardrum, vibrations, sound waves hhHow roots help the soil–topsoil, subsoil, erosion ƒƒNose: nostrils, odors, molecules hhHow seeds travel–wind, water, people, animals (hitchhikers) ƒ ƒƒTongue: taste buds, works with smell ƒReproduce after their kind ƒƒSkin: sweat, pores, goose bumps, epidermis, dermis, follicle, root Activities & Demonstrations: hhBones: skeleton, skull, collarbone, shoulder blade, upper-arm bone, ƒƒSeeing how water rises up a stem breastbone, ribs, finger bones, backbone, hipbone, thighbone, knee- ƒƒWatching a plant grow cap, toe bones Animals and Their Habitats hhBody Systems: hhHabitats–unique to each animal hhNervous System–brain, spinal cord, nerves hhFour things each habitat must have–water, space, food, shelter hhDigestive System–teeth, stomach, intestines, waste hhKeeping habitats balanced–food chain, predator, prey hhMuscles: skeletal, cardiac hhOcean Habitat hhTendons hhExamples of different animals: whales, sharks hhHeart: blood vessels, veins, arteries hhDifference between saltwater, freshwater hhLungs: oxygen, carbon dioxide, inhale, exhale, bloodstream hhKelp, kelp forests, krill hhTeeth: front–cutting, pointed–tearing, back–grinding, crown, enamel, hhEquipment roots hhMigration, instinct Activities & Demonstrations: hhPond Habitat ƒƒDiscovering how to block sound waves hhExamples of different animals: beaver, turtle hhWatching your pulse hhFreshwater habitat hhMaking a map of your teeth hhSpace difference compared to ocean Plant World hhDifferent food available ƒƒUses for plants: oxygen, nutrients hhHow habitat stays balanced ƒƒParts of a plant hhShelter: beaver lodge and dam ƒƒFlowers or cones: make seeds, have pollen hhEquipment: teeth–chisels, engineer–webbed feet, tail hhHow honeybees help the plant world–nectar hhForest Habitat ƒƒStems: vines, tree trunks hhExamples of different animals: chipmunk, bear, owl ƒƒLeaves: veins hhLand habitat

Science cont. p. 42 41 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Animals and Their Habitats cont. hhPush or pull on object h hhDependent on trees for food and shelter hTypes: gravity, friction, magnetism hhPredators/prey of forest maintain balance hhMagnetism: hhHow habitat stays balanced hhAttracts or repels hhShelter: nests, burrows, dens hhNorth and South poles hhHibernation and lowered body temperatures hhUses: motors, recycling, airport security, medical imaging, com- hhSavanna Habitat puter memory h hhExamples of different animals: lions, giraffes, elephants, zebras, hWork and Machines cheetahs hhExamples: wheel and axle, inclined plane/ramp, pulley, lever hhGrasslands habitat hhTerminology: effort, load, fulcrum, effort force hhTwo seasons: rainy, dry hhChanging Movement hhAnimal groups: grazers, herds, prides, cubs hhInertia hhRainforest Habitat hhEffects of friction: wears things down, heats things up hhFour layers: emergent, canopy, understory, forest floor hhStates of Matter hhExamples of different animals: monkeys, sloths, butterflies, hhStates: solid, liquid, gas snakes, toucans, tree frogs, jaguars, leopards, fungi, termites, hhHow matter changes: melting, freezing worms, tigers, gorillas, wild pigs, insects Activities & Demonstrations: hhExamples of plants: tall trees, vines, mosses, flowers, ferns hhUsing energy from wind and moving water to turn a pinwheel hhThick vegetation provides plenty of food hhBe a scientist! Practice the scientific method with gravity. hhGives off oxygen hhBe a scientist! Practice the scientific method with magnetism. hhMedicine comes from variety of plants hhDiscovering more about how magnets pull hhInsects and Their Habitats hhBe a scientist! Practice the scientific method with machines. hhLive in all land habitats hhMeasuring a solid ƒƒInsect legs: six legs, designed for different jobs–running, jumping, hhMeasuring a liquid gathering pollen, grasping hhComparing volumes of air ƒƒParts of an Insect: head, thorax, abdomen, spiracles hhHow insects grow The Air Around Us ƒƒLife Cycle of a Butterfly: egg, larva, pupa, adult, chrysalis, cocoon hhGod's perfect design of air for people, animals, and plants hhLife Cycle of Grasshopper: egg, nymph, adult, outside skeleton hhAtmosphere hhHarmful insects: flies, termites, beetles, grasshoppers hhHow atmosphere makes the sky blue hhHelpful insects: spiders hhWeather Ingredients: heat, water, wind hhAnimal protection hhAppropriate clothing/protection: sunscreen, waterproof hhGod's special design: long legs, wings, ability to play dead, horns, hhTypes of wind: breeze, gust, gale antlers, appearance, taste hhWhat makes the wind blow: cool air–heavy, warm air–light h hExamples of different animals: turtle—shell, skunk—spray, porcu- hhWater Cycle pine—quills, fawn—spotted coat, some butterflies—taste hhEvaporation: water vapor Activities & Demonstrations: hhCondensation: water droplets, make clouds hh Discovering why webbed feet help the beaver swim hhPrecipitation: hhFinding the three body parts of insects hhRain–drizzle ƒƒWatching a caterpillar change hhSleet–rain that is frozen before it falls Science Investigation hhSnow–crystals, snowflakes hhHow scientists work hhHail–happens during spring, summer hhScientific method: observe and ask questions, guess and predict, hhOther kinds of wet weather: humid, foggy, frost experiment and gather data, study data and share it hhStorms: hhTerminology: investigate, method, experiment, prediction, data, hhHurricanes: landfall, eye theory hhTornadoes: touched down hhWhere scientists work: lab or place of study hhThunderstorms: lightning, static electricity, thundercloud hhScience tools: hand lens, microscope, telescope, ruler, scale, beaker, hhBlizzards: blowing snowstorm thermometer, stopwatch hhOther Kinds of Severe Weather: hhScience safety: handling materials, tools, wearing goggles hhFloods Activities & Demonstrations: hhDroughts h hBe a scientist! Practice the scientific method with plants. hhPredicting Weather How Things Work hhMeteorologists, forecasts, radar, satellites, weather balloons hhGod's plan for order in the universe hhWhat to do during bad weather hhEnergy Activities & Demonstrations: hhMakes things go hhDemonstrating that air is real hhForms: heat, water, wind, sound hhWatching evaporation and condensation hhEngines use fuel, electricity for energy hhBe a scientist! Practice scientific method with precipitation. hhForce and Movement

Science cont. p. 43 42 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Earth and Space hhPlanets of Solar System: h hhStars: hGod's plan for solar system: order and size of each planet h hhWhat is a star–purpose, place, number, brightness hDescription of each planet: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune hhWhat is a shooting star–meteoroid, meteor, meteorite hhEarth: Designed for Life–God's provision and plan in His design for hhWhat is a constellation our planet hhExamples of constellations: Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Orion hhLandforms: canyon, mountain chain, deserts, mountains, valleys, hhSun rainforests hhGod's plan for the sun hhOur Responsibility: hhStar closest to Earth hhNatural resources: food, water, right kind of air, energy sources, hhHow does sun's energy help Earth–light, heat, makes weather building materials h hHow does Earth travel around Sun–spin, orbit and tilt create hhStewardship: taking care of what God has given us seasons hhRepurposing, reusing, recycling hhMoon: Activities & Demonstrations: hhGod's plan for moon hhFinding constellations hhReflects sun's light hhBe a scientist! Practice the scientific method with day and night. hhDescription of moon's surface: craters hhDiscovering how moonlight works hhAstronauts: need for spacesuit hhBe a scientist! Practice the scientific method with orbital forces. hhMoon's cycle in sky: crescent hhHow moon affects Earth: high/low tide cause circulation of water hhSpace Science: hhSpace travel: space shuttles, space station, spacewalk, space probes, landers, rovers

Health 2 The purpose of Health, Safety, and Manners 2 is to teach the basic facts of Added Enrichment health and safety; to teach courtesy at home, at school, and everywhere; ƒƒHands-on learning activities, charts, and to instill within students a desire to take care of the body God has given Fourth Edition and checklists in student book, teacher them. ­edition, and daily lesson plans (28)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health ƒƒProtein: ƒƒMy Body–My Home ƒƒBuilds muscles ƒƒGod's plan for your body ƒƒHelps body heal ƒƒHow to stay Healthy ƒƒNeed some everyday ƒƒBuilding Good Habits hhBody cannot store protein ƒƒBuilding Good Nutrition ƒƒExamples: meat, beans, nuts, eggs ƒ hhEnergy ƒGrains: ƒƒNutrients hhContain carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals ƒƒTools for Nutritious Meals: Need to eat a variety of each ƒƒGive your body energy ƒƒVegetables: hh4–5 servings per day ƒƒContain vitamins, minerals, fiber ƒƒHalf of grains should be whole grains ƒƒDivided into 5 groups: dark green, red and orange, starchy, ƒƒFat: stored energy beans and peas, others ƒƒDairy: ƒƒ2–3 servings per day ƒƒContains milk, yogurt, cheese, pudding, etc. ƒƒFruits: hhContains calcium ƒƒContain vitamins, minerals, fiber ƒƒBuilds strong bones/teeth ƒƒContain vitamin C ƒƒNeed some every day ƒƒ2–3 servings per day Health cont. p. 44 43 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont. ƒƒHealthy Fats: ƒƒGetting Enough Sleep hhNot a food group ƒƒMuscles rest and store up energy hhHelps heart stay healthy hhMuscles, skin, and bones repair and grow hhHelps body absorb needed vitamins hhYou are more alert hhExamples: olive oil, canola oil, nuts, olives, avocados hhShould sleep 10–11 hours at night ƒƒWater: hhHave a routine: ƒƒHelps: digest food, get rid of waste, blood flow, control body hhGo to bed at same time each night temperature hhAvoid eating heavy meals or exercising before bedtime ƒƒBody does not store water hhTurn off any screens 30 minutes before bedtime ƒƒDrink about 5 glasses of liquids each day ƒƒSleep in dark, comfortable, quiet room ƒƒDrink more during hot weather hhUse a nightlight, if needed ƒƒBuilding Healthy Meals ƒƒKeeping Your Body Clean ƒƒA Nutritious Breakfast hhOuter covering of body, protects against dirt and germs hhMost important meal of day hhUse sunscreen hhNeeds to contain choices from at least 3 food groups ƒƒWash cut with soap and water ƒƒLunch–The Middle Meal ƒƒWash hands often to prevent spread of germs hhGives energy to keep going ƒƒWash after using bathroom, blow nose, touching animals, or ƒƒShould contain several food groups garbage ƒƒProtein, grain, vegetable or fruit, milk or water hhWash correctly: wet hands and apply soap, rub hands, rinse ƒƒTime for Dinner and dry hands hhLast meal of day ƒƒUse nailbrush and keep nails trimmed hhGives body energy until breakfast hhAvoid biting fingernails and putting fingers in mouth ƒƒHelps you sleep soundly ƒƒWash face twice a day ƒƒShould contain several food groups ƒƒTake a shower/bath regularly hhSnacks are needed ƒƒWash hair regularly hhGive energy between meals ƒƒBrush/comb hair each day hhAvoid sugar ƒƒWear clean clothes every day hhExamples: fruit, vegetables, low-fat cheese sticks, hard-boiled ƒƒTaking care of your teeth egg, granola bar, low-fat yogurt hhPurpose of teeth: chew food, speak clearly, have a great smile hhRestaurant Choices ƒƒBrushing teeth: hhMake healthy choices ƒƒPrevents cavities hhExamples: fruit instead of French fries; milk, water, or juice ƒƒAfter meals or twice a day instead of soda; grilled chicken sandwich instead of hamburger ƒƒRemoves sugars and acid from teeth or chicken nuggets hhBrush for 2–3 minutes ƒƒActivities ƒƒToothbrush should have soft bristles ƒ ƒMy Food for the Day hhToothpaste should have fluoride ƒ ƒBuilding Healthy Habits hhFluoride makes teeth stonger ƒƒPracticing Good Posture: ƒƒStore toothbrush in clean, dry place ƒ ƒWay you hold your body when sitting, standing, or walking hhAvoid sharing toothbrush hhHelps you have better breathing and more energy ƒƒFlossing teeth ƒƒShoes that fit correctly help posture ƒƒFloss once a day ƒ ƒActivities hhVisit dentist twice a year ƒƒGood posture test ƒƒLimiting sugar helps keep teeth healthy ƒƒExercising Your Body: ƒƒTaking Care of Your Eyes ƒƒAny activity that uses muscles of body ƒƒAvoid touching/rubbing to prevent the spread of germs ƒƒExamples: swimming, running, jumping rope, walking ƒƒMake sure there is enough light to see clearly ƒƒBenefits ƒƒAvoid looking directly at sun–wear sunglasses h hKeep healthy weight hhWear eye protection when needed during sports ƒƒSleep better ƒƒHave vision checked yearly hhThink clearly ƒƒCaring for Your Ears ƒ ƒStrengthen muscles hhUse sunscreen or wear a hat to protect from sun hhFeel better about yourself ƒƒWear a hat in cold weather to protect from frostbite hhGoal is 60 minutes per day ƒƒWear a helmet when playing sports ƒƒPlaying outside: sunshine provides vitamin D ƒƒ Wash regularly ƒƒPlay quietly if tired ƒƒAvoid putting small objects into ears ƒ ƒActivities hhUse earplugs around loud noises to prevent hearing loss ƒ ƒAnimal Exercises: Tiger Touchdown, Flamingo Stand, Elephant hhKeep volume of music low Swing, Ostrich Run, Seagull Wing Stretcher hhLimit use of headphones, earbuds

Health cont. p. 45 44 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont. ƒƒYour Nose Keeps You Healthy ƒƒFire Safety ƒƒNose warms and moistens air you breathe hhAlways let an adult handle matches/lighters ƒƒTiny hairs catch/collect dust and germs hhBe careful around lamps, heaters, and candles ƒƒCover nose and mouth when sneezing hhTell parents or adults if a fire is seen hhA Visit to the Doctor ƒƒHave an escape plan if house is on fire hhHelps keep you healthy ƒƒCrawl on floor to avoid smoke hhRegular checkups even when not sick are important hhFeel door for heat hhHelp you know if growing/developing normally hhFirefighters: hhTime to ask questions hhEquipment is for protection hhTools used during visit: hhDo not be afraid–there to help you hhBlood pressure cuff ƒƒWhat to do when clothes catch on fire: hhStethoscope ƒƒStop, drop, cover face, and roll hhDoctor may suggest immunizations ƒƒDo not run hhDoctor may remind you of safety habits ƒƒActivities: hhAsk questions ƒƒFun with safety at home–word search ƒƒActivities ƒƒSafety Away from Home ƒƒMy Health Habits Chart hhPolice officers are friends Safety hhKnow parents' names, telephone numbers, and address ƒƒGood Safety Habits: ƒƒSafety Under Construction: be alert, learn safe way to do things ƒƒAsk permission before going anywhere ƒƒPreparing for an Emergency ƒƒTell an adult where you are going ƒƒCall 9-1-1 only if an emergency hhWhen alone, do not talk to people you don't know hhKnow address and phone number ƒƒDo not ride in car with stranger ƒƒActivities: ƒƒDo not pet stray animals ƒƒEmergency Information ƒƒDo not eat anything you find without permission from adult ƒƒSafety in My Home hhPersonal Safety ƒƒAvoid running inside ƒƒWalking Safety ƒƒBe careful on stairs ƒƒPedestrians hhAsk for help when needing to reach something too high ƒƒWalk on sidewalk or single file on left side of road ƒƒPut things away to prevent tripping ƒƒCross street at corner/use crosswalk ƒƒCarry sharp things with point facing down hhAsk permission before petting someone's animal ƒƒDo not run while carrying sharp objects hhStay still if stray animal approaches. Call out for help. ƒƒAnswer door/phone only with permission from adult ƒƒLook both ways before crossing railroad tracks. ƒƒSafety in the Kitchen hhStand back from railroad tracks if train is going by hhHave an adult present ƒƒRecognize these signs: hhWear an apron to keep clothes neat hhTraffic lights, crosswalk, railroad crossing, road work, bike route hhWash hands and counters before beginning ƒƒSafety on Wheels hhHelp with measuring, pouring, stirring ƒƒBicycle Safety: ƒƒAvoid heat, sharp objects, and appliances that only adults should ƒƒWear helmet use hhKeep both hands on handlebars unless signaling hhHelp set the table ƒƒUse hand signals when turning or stopping hhHelp clean up after each meal ƒƒRide on right side of road ƒƒSafety in the Bathroom hhWalk bike across intersections hhTurn on cold water first to avoid being burned ƒƒDon't let friends ride on bike with you hhPut things away hhSkateboarding/Rollerblading: ƒƒWipe up any spilled water hhWear helmet, knee pads, elbow pads hhUse the things that belong to you hhFind a smooth, dry place to ride ƒƒAvoid playing with anything in medicine cabinet hhStay away from traffic hhTake medicine only when parents give it to you ƒƒCar Safety: hhOnly use cleaning supplies with an adult present ƒƒBuckle seat belt ƒƒGun Safety hhTalk quietly hhOnly responsible adults should handle guns ƒƒKeep hands inside car hh4 steps for safety: ƒƒUse door closest to curb when exiting hhStop what you are doing when you see a gun ƒƒBus Safety: hhDo not touch the gun hhStand away from curb while waiting for bus hhLeave the area where you see the gun hhWait until driver opens door to move hhTell an adult ƒƒWear seat belt if available ƒƒStay seated

Health cont. p. 46 45 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont. Safety cont. ƒƒChild said kind words to others h hhTalk quietly hChild was helpful and kind to a new student ƒƒKeep hands and head inside bus hhWhen child was unkind to someone, he asked God to forgive him hhWait your turn when exiting ƒƒChild went to the person to whom he had been unkind and told hhLook left, right, and left again before crossing the street him he was sorry and asked for forgiveness ƒƒWinter Sports Safety: hhSay and do things to show others they are special to you and to hhWear warm clothes God hhUse sunscreen hhBe friendly and helpful to others when they need help hhEat and drink to stay energized and hydrated hhTry to understand how others feel hhStay seated when sledding ƒƒWhen you do something wrong to others, say you are sorry and hhMake sure all equipment fits and works correctly mean it ƒƒWater Safety: ƒƒForgive others as God forgives you ƒƒPools, lakes, ocean, boat: ƒƒCheerfulness ƒƒWalk hhEveryone enjoys being around a happy, cheerful person ƒƒDon't run ƒƒThe Bible says our good words and smile start in our heart ƒƒNo pushing hhWe can ask God to change our heart from sad to glad ƒƒTake a break hhThe joy and gladness God gives will show in our words and counte- hhUse sunscreen nance ƒƒDon't swim alone ƒƒ"Making Changes" hhObey the lifeguard ƒƒManners shown by child in story: hhPlay where bottom of lake is visible hhChild does his brother's chores ƒƒStay with an adult at lake/ocean hhChild becomes upset but asks God to forgive him and help him hhAsk permission before touching animals have a joyful heart hhFace ocean instead of beach to avoid being knocked over by hhWhen child wants to say unkind words, he asks God to help waves him say right, cheerful words ƒƒWear life jacket when in a boat ƒƒRespect hhBe prepared for changing weather–bring extra jacket, drinks ƒƒ"Honoring Mr. Miller" hhKeep hands and feet inside boat ƒƒManners shown by child in story: ƒƒStorm Safety: ƒƒChild and his family invite an older man at their church to join ƒƒGo inside a building when see lightning or hear thunder them at a banquet hhStay away from windows hhChild helps older man by taking his plate to the table hhWait to take a bath/shower hhChild listens and does not interrupt as older man talks ƒƒIf outside, stay away from trees and water hhGiving respect to someone shows that you understand that the hhStay in car person is important ƒƒActivities hhYou should respect your parents, teacher, pastor, and principal ƒƒRemember: Safety First hhYou should show a special respect or honor to older adults ƒƒGreeting adults you know by name and listening to them shows Manners respect ƒƒCourtesy ƒƒThoughtfulness ƒƒA Manners Journey ƒƒ"Jimmy Learns to Help" ƒƒSay "please" and "thank you" ƒƒManners shown by child in story: ƒƒSpeak loud enough to be heard ƒƒChild realizes his cousin is blind but the same person he has hhLook directly at person to whom you are speaking always known ƒƒWait to speak unless it is an emergency ƒƒChild learns that his cousin uses his other senses and cane for ƒƒSay "excuse me" when interrupting or walking in front of people guidance ƒƒGreet people and use their name ƒƒChild and brother forget to help their cousin at the ice cream shop ƒƒ"Everyday Courtesy" ƒƒMom corrects child and brother and they apologize to cousin ƒƒManners shown by child in story: hh A thoughtful person thinks of others and looks for ways to help and ƒƒServing food to guests encourage them ƒƒSaid "please" to brother when asking for help and "thank you" ƒƒ God wants us to treat others like we want to be treated when he received help ƒƒ A thoughtful person looks for ways to be thoughtful to others at ƒƒGreeting Mrs. Reed, his Sunday School teacher home and school hhWhen introduced to Dad's boss, he looked at him and spoke ƒƒThankfulness loud enough to be heard ƒƒ"Saying Thank You with Words and Deeds" ƒƒSaid "excuse me" when he had to walk in front of a guest ƒƒManners shown by child in story: ƒƒKindness ƒƒChild thanks friend's mom for inviting him ƒƒ"Jimmy Tries Kindness" ƒƒChild and friend thank friend's mom for snack ƒƒManners shown by child in story: ƒƒChild helps pick up toys before he leaves hhChild was kind to pet and took care of it

Health cont. p. 47 46 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont. Manners cont. ƒƒManners for Meals ƒƒBefore leaving, child thanks friend's mom for inviting him and for ƒƒMeal times are important times for families the snack ƒƒMeals are a time to enjoy food and family ƒƒChild writes a thank you letter hhGood manners and pleasant conversation make any meal better ƒƒThank others when they are kind to you ƒƒ"It's Time to Eat!" hhThank God in prayer for the things He does for you ƒƒManners shown by child in story: ƒƒPatience hhChild sets the table correctly ƒƒ"Being Patient Can Do Many Things—Have You Tried It?" hhChild learns to pass food correctly around the table ƒƒManners shown by child in story: hhChild realizes he must chew with his mouth closed ƒƒChild has to wait for breakfast hhChild sees his parents act kindly to servers in busy restaurant ƒƒChild waits to answer questions hhChild at fast food restaurant does not take too many napkins ƒƒChild has to wait to take his turn on the slide or silverware ƒƒWhen child interrupts parents he must give a definition of patience and an apology ƒƒBeing patient means waiting without getting angry hhYou should be patient with everyone hhYou can ask God to help you be patient with others

Bible Second graders will enjoy learning about a variety of Bible characters including Evaluation Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Jonah, and Moses. The Abeka Flash-a-Cards help students­ ƒƒGraded memory verse pas- visualize events as they study the life of Moses and his journey from Egypt to the sages (8) Promised Land. Students will learn about Moses’ decision to suffer with God’s people rather than live in luxury; they will also learn that even though Moses chose to follow God, he still faced many trials. By studying Bible characters such as Moses, students will learn how to respond to real-life joys and struggles.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 355 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work ƒƒSalvation Series (5 lessons) hhNew passages (8) containing 54 verses hhLife of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journey ƒƒReview verses (31) through the Wilderness ƒƒFirst Christmas (5) Doctrinal Truths 39 questions/answers ƒƒIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, hhJoshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3) salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation ƒƒCrucifixion and Resurrection (9) hhJonah (2); Favorite Bible Stories 1 and 2 (10) Prayer Time ƒƒThe First Thanksgiving ƒƒLearn to pray with thanksgiving­ for each other, our nation, those in authority over us Music 62 songs ƒƒChoruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including: hh10 new hymns and songs; 8 new choruses

47 GRADE 2

Music The traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections in Songs We Enjoy 2 have delighted children for many years. Enrichment ideas for teaching new songs and ideas for motions and props are included throughout the book. The sing-along CD makes song time enjoyable for the students and easy for the teacher.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 68 songs hhDiscover historical information contributing to songs origin h hhDefine 32 unfamiliar words in the lyrics hReinforce Bible stories through fun Bible songs ƒƒExercise creativity by acting out songs with props ƒƒBenefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: ƒ hhImprove coordination by tapping or clapping with leader to steady ƒPlay acting; singing in a round; answering riddles beat hhHumming; enunciating silly words; echo singing; drumming sounds ƒƒLearn to: ƒƒUsing dynamic contrast ƒƒFollow a song leader while staying together with class or CD Variety of Songs to Memorize hhSing in a round while staying together with group and staying ƒƒFun, folk, holiday, spirituals and gospel, patriotic on pitch

Arts & Crafts Art Projects 2 is a full-color book designed to expand each student's creativity and imagination. The month-by-month seasonal, patriotic, academic, and keepsake projects teach students not only to appreciate the beauty of art but also to express themselves in a way that is pure, lovely, and of good report. Studying the color wheel helps students build a foundational understanding of art concepts and techniques, while exploring the new medium of chalk. Includes glossary of Art terminology.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

ƒ Arts and Crafts 38 projects ƒColor ƒƒColor wheel; primary, secondary, intermediate colors; color mixing Concept and Technique Development visually ƒƒMedia and Art Types ƒƒPrimary, secondary, intermediate color mixing, color coding ƒƒCrayon, paper, pencil, glitter, painting, glow-in-the-dark painting, hhColor family, tints, shades fibers and mixed media, chalk, marker, colored pencils, felt ƒƒComplementary colors, analogous colors, neutral colors, mono- ƒƒIllustrating: color wheel, story, song, Scripture, poem, historical chromatic colors, warm and cool colors culture/story, measures, temperature, constellations ƒƒColor scheme: fall, Christmas, patriotic, sunset, masculine ƒƒCutting from template, cutting out centers, creative cutting, hhVarying pressure for light/dark colors poking, fringe cutting, cutting strips, layered cutting hhOverlay, blending, swab blending, swab rubbing, blending: skin, ƒƒTracing, drawing, drawing step-by-step, geometric shapes, outlin- hair, eyes, lips ing, overlay, directional coloring, stippling, shading, folding, detail- hhObserving color moods: exciting, peaceful, playful, serious; ing, animated expressions, coloring skin, coloring from observing observing colors in nature photo, texturizing, hatching, cross-hatching, ruler rubbing, print- hhMoods: joyful, happy, sad, peaceful, fearful–color symbolism ing/stamping, blotting, dabbing/sponging, fork rocking, dragging, pressing, drawing using symmetry ƒƒ3D Forms ƒƒMosaic, landscape, collage, embossing, weaving, lacing, salt paint- ƒƒMovable parts, turning parts, paper sculpture, 3D crafting, struc- ing, glue color channel, architecture: bridge types, snowscape, tures, kirigami, template monoprint, agamograph, monogram, creating musical instrument, ƒƒUsing geometric shapes to create objects, 5-sided box shaping, ink transfer, master copy 6-sided box shaping, cone shaping, cylinder shaping, layering hhusing loose grip, swab rubbing, using side of chalk to shade, side ƒƒPaper curling, paper rounding, chenille stem curling, twisting, and pressure strokes, lengthwise stroke tissue paper twisting, scoring hhcurved, swirled, looped, broken (dashed, dotted) lines, drooping hhAccordion fold, Z fold lines hhPop up art, boardgame and pieces hhRaised surface, symmetry

Arts & Crafts cont. p. 49 48 GRADE 2

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arts & Crafts cont. ƒƒDesign ƒƒColor Mixing/Blending hhTemplate, using template for alignment, designing buildings, build- ƒƒDesign: ing with pattern; decorating with pattern, designing with geomet- ƒƒCollaborating a display, pattern, design, alignment, monogram ric shapes, using geometric shapes to create animals; landscape ƒƒDrawing ƒƒObserving pattern, details pattern/design/movement/balance/ ƒƒSymmetry, double symmetry, using a stylus, illustration, ani- colors in nature, creating patterns, decorating, observing cake mated expressions, icons, tracing, step-by-step drawing texture ƒƒChalking: ƒƒHorizon; orientation: horizontal, vertical, diagonal; symmetry, hhSwab rubbing, swab blending, chalk blending double symmetry ƒƒGeometric Shapes: hhTexture: wispy lines for fur, zig-zag lines for grass, curved/wiggly ƒ lines for bark and wood, cross-hatching for acorn cap; texture ƒUsing geometric shapes to form objects, drawing from geomet- observation of variety: yarn, paper, button, organic, soft and fuzzy, ric shapes, forming paper into geometric shapes, using geomet- woodgrain; crumpling for wrinkled texture, pulled cotton for wool, ric shapes to form animals, forming paper into cylinder dabbing/sponging for spots ƒƒComposition: hhComposition, subject; spatial relationships, foreground, back- ƒƒHorizon, horizontal and vertical orientation, spatial relationship, ground; overlap; focal point, using odd-numbered items, varying foreground, background, overlap, subject, diagonal, landscape, sizes, balance, proportions, rule of thirds snowscape, using odd-numbered items, focal point, proportions, balance, balance from nature, rule of thirds hhCreating icons; using stylus, using a key; alignment, creating a monogram ƒƒSelf-Expression: hhLine direction: diagonal, horizontal; swirled lines, observing line hhCreating familiar items from memory, detailing, drawing from moods: exciting, peaceful, playful, serious, using varied line types, experience, using imagination using line to create exciting, joyful, happy, sad, peaceful, fear- ƒƒValue/Contrast: ful moods, jagged lines for rock, wavy lines for wavy hair, short, ƒƒVarying pressure for light/dark, contrast, value, shading, silhou- curved lines/wiggly lines for curly hair, circular lines for fleece ette ƒƒValue/Contrast ƒƒMiscellaneous ƒƒValue; value: making tint with white, varying pressure for light/ hhBrainstorm, critique, experiment, fractions, color coding, key, dark, silhouette displaying and exhibit hhShading, shades, highlight, core shadow, cast shadow, contrast, ƒƒIncrease listening skills through following step-by-step instructions contrast in size/value/color to complete more difficult projects ƒƒAppreciation and Creative Expression: ƒƒProjects include these themes: ƒƒCreating familiar items from memory; creating from experience, ƒƒAnimal, seasonal, holiday, scriptural, historical, cultural, subject imagination: detailing, self-observation detailing, practicing and matter correlation, songs experimenting; collaborating a display, creating an exhibit, giving ƒƒTechnique Development projects as gifts, practice & create animated expressions, self- ƒƒColoring critique, brainstorm, creative design, creatively solving problems ƒƒOverlay, varying pressure for light/dark values, directional color- hhMaking choices/making choices from experience ing, outlining, shading, highlight, core and cast shadow, stippling, ƒƒAppreciation: God’s design (leaves), (constellations), (human coloring from observing a photograph anatomy), (Northern Lights), (bridges and architecture); fine art: ƒƒChalking: historical & cultural (Brian Jekel’s Thanksgiving Feast); textures, hhSwab rubbing, swab blending, shading with side of chalk stick, mosaic tiles, quilt block; creative expression; sculpture (Iwo Jima side stroke, pressure side stroke, chalk rubbing, chalk blending Memorial) ƒƒCutting: ƒƒSkills Development ƒƒCutting fringe, layered cutting ƒƒCutting, gluing, coloring, folding ƒƒDrawing: ƒƒDirected drawings, painting, paper modeling ƒƒWispy lines for fur texture, zig-zag lines for grass texture, curved, ƒƒ3D crafting and folding, incorporating moving parts wiggly lines for bark texture, cross-hatching for acorn cap, ƒƒConcept Development diagonal lines, swirled lines, looping lines, broken lines, jagged ƒƒ3D Papercrafting: lines, drooping lines ƒƒBag shaping, kirigami, paper curling, paper sculpture, fringe, ƒƒModeling: accordion fold, 5-sided box shaping ƒƒUsing a template, paper modeling, chenile stem curling, twisting, ƒƒArt Types: accordion fold, modeling ƒƒEmbossing, wearing, mosaic, ink transfer, pop-up art, archi- ƒƒPainting: tecture, salt painting, glue color channel, pinprick, monoprint, hhPainting with analogous colors, using glow-in-the-dark paint, salt agamograph, collage painting, swirl lines, loose grip, creative design, stamping ƒƒColor Theory: ƒƒTexture: ƒƒColor wheel, primary, secondary, complementary, analogous, ƒƒWispy lines for fur texture, zig-zap lines for grass texture, curved, fall colors wiggly lines for bark texture, visual woodgrain texture, cross- hhIntermediate, neutral, monochromatic, Christmas, warm/cool, hatching for acorn cap, crumpling paper for wrinkled texture, patriotic, sunset, masculine colors soft texture, hair texture, shaping with cotton hhColor family and tints, color schemes hhMood—exciting, peaceful, playful, serious, joyful, happy, sad, fearful

49 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language Arts: Reading

3 c Students will develop an enjoyment for reading and advance in comprehension of literary concepts through a variety of literature including children’s classics, biographies, realistic fiction, fantasy, poetry, Scripture, and much more. Students will read four novels (modern day Christian fiction, historical fiction, historical Christian fiction, adventure fiction, Christian clas- sic allegory) and deepen their comprehension of the written word through character analysis, setting and plot recognition, cause/effect and problem/solution charting, summarization and creative writing, and other enrichment activities. Literary Value Materials 3b ƒƒ105 authors, including well-known writers “Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a ƒƒReaders (7) containing stories (88), such as Robert Louis Stevenson, Patricia Tight Place,” “Eeyore Loses a Tail and poems (52), plays (2), recipe (1), MacLachlan, Lewis Carroll, Laura Ingalls Pooh Finds One,” “Please look after craft (1) Wilder, A. A. Milne, Margery Williams, Ralph this Bear” from A Bear Called Pad- ƒƒNovels (modern day Christian Waldo Emerson, Michael Bond, Christina dington, Black Beauty, excerpt from fiction, historical fiction, historical Rossetti, Anna Sewell, Richard and Florence Mr. Poppers Penguins, excerpt from Christian fiction, adventure fiction, Atwater, Beverly Cleary, Rudyard Kipling, 2e Second Edition Ralph S. Mouse, “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi,” from Christian classic allegory) Hugh Lofting, Robert McCloskey, Gertrude The Jungle Book, “Doctor Dolittle,” ƒƒReading Comprehension 3 skill The Chandler Warner, Donald J. Sobol, C.W. Swiss Family Robinson Swiss Family Robinson, Pilgrim’s Prog- sheets Anderson, E.B. White, Isaac Watts ress: Christian’s Journey ƒƒBible for Scripture reading ƒƒSelections and adaptations from children’s ƒƒCharacter-building themes such as literature such as “My Bed is a Boat,” “Our gratitude, kindness, helpfulness, hon- Evaluation Dune” from Sarah Plain and Tall, The Vel- esty, and diligence ƒƒWeekly oral reading grade veteen Rabbit, “Alice and The Tea Party,” ƒƒBook Review (1); Book Reports (2) “County Fair,” “When Ma Slapped a Bear,”

Reading Skills Development hhComparing selections with similar themes ƒƒRead and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds hhRecognizing similes and rules hhComparing points of view ƒƒStrive for increasing: accuracy, enunciation, fluency, phrasing, alert- hhDistinguishing own point of view from that of the author of the text ness to punctuation, expression, comprehension, appropriate speed, hhAnalyzing, making inferences, and drawing conclusions about per- volume, poise suasive text ƒƒAbility to follow along and comprehend as others read orally hhProviding evidence from text to support analysis ƒƒAbility to read silently with comprehension hhRecognizing dialogue within the text ƒƒVocabulary development through words and definitions hhDiscerning author’s purpose ƒƒDevelopment of understanding of literary types, terms, and concepts hhDifferentiating words with similar meanings Literary Concept Development Readers ƒƒIdentify the story’s title, author, main idea, main character, moral, ƒƒ From Shore to Shore—17 stories, 6 poems, in a variety of styles and liter- author’s intent, setting, plot ary types with a nautical theme including well-known classic and Scrip- ƒƒDescribe the main character’s appearance, feelings, actions based ture selections; “Words to Watch For” including advanced words and on textual inference definitions for vocabulary enrichment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary ƒƒDescribe setting (where and when the plot takes place) by identifying terms—title, author, main character including character comparison, descriptive words graphic organizers, compare/contrast similar stories written by different authors, introducing literary term—summary; “Dig Deeper” review activi- ƒƒExplain how characters relate to events of the story ties including summarizing, character analysis, creative drawing; “Think ƒƒUnderstand cause/effect, problem/solution as they relate to the about It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive characters in the story comprehension/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” includ- ƒƒDiscern the meaning of a story ing creative ideas for helping others; author and historical background ƒƒCompare the same story by two different authors information prompts, as well as literary types prompts for explanation of ƒƒPredict the story’s outcome terms; story and Christian character themes; silent reading selections; ƒƒCompare predictions to actual outcome interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities including ƒƒDistinguishing fantasy from reality visual aids, choral reading, creative drawing, creative writing ƒƒIdentifying statements of fact/opinion ƒƒ My New Song—a 13-chapter modern-day Christian fiction novel; continues with the well-loved character Ella from the second grade hhComparing and identifying literary types—fiction, nonfiction, novel emphasizing the joy found in new life in Christ; biography, autobiography My New Name reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, summary; focusing hhSummarizing main idea/events of a story on summarization/creative writing skills in preparation for book review; hhComparing different stories by same author journaling from the main characters point of view; includes character hhJournaling from main character’s point of view sketch, Bible application; story and Christian character themes; factual, hhUnderstanding acts/scenes within a play inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; addi- hhIdentifying stanzas within a play tional enrichment activities including play acting, singing hhDiscerning/writing figurative language ƒƒ Through the Seasons—14 stories, 15 poems, 1 craft, containing a variety of selections and literary types with seasonal themes includ- hhUnderstanding symbolism ing well-known classic and Scripture selections; highlighting famous hhRecognizing climax within a plot authors Laura Ingalls Wilder and A. A. Milne; “Words to Watch For” hhComparing biography/autobiography including advanced words and definitions for vocabulary enrichment; hhDetermining text structure “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary term—setting, including activity for Reading cont. p. 51 50 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Reading cont. setting analysis; reviewing literary concepts title, author, main charac- Deeper” review activities including creative writing; “Think about It!” and ter, summary; character comparison, graphic organizers, comparing “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen- settings of stories written by the same author, introducing term—simile sion/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” including creative ideas including activities for recognition; Bible application; story and Christian for helping others; author/historical background information and literary character themes; “Think about It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, types including prompts for explanation of terms; silent reading selec- inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; “What tions; interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities Can You Do?” including creative ideas for helping others; author and including sequencing historical background information; silent reading selections; interesting ƒƒSecret in the Maple Tree—a 19-chapter Christian fiction novel based informational facts; additional enrichment activities including sensory on an immigrant family growing up in Minnesota; includes advanced demonstration, audio demonstration, sequencing, visual aids, choral vocabulary words and definitions for vocabulary enrichment; reviews reading, creative drawing, creative writing, photo/illustration observation, literary terms—title, author, main character, summary, setting, plot, and comparison, and analysis moral; review activities for character description and chapter summa- ƒƒ Among the Animals—12 stories, 8 poems, 1 play containing animal rization skills in preparation for book report; Bible application; story and themes including animal tales, fictional stories, as well as well-known Christian character themes; chapter reviews including factual, inferen- classic selections; “Words to Watch For” including advanced words and tial, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; additional definitions for vocabulary enrichment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting liter- enrichment activities including, graphic organizers for cause effect, ary term—plot, including activities for sequencing and recognizing plot character analysis changes; reviewing literary concepts title, author, main character, sum- ƒƒ On the Bright Side—12 stories, 7 poems, 1 play, 1 recipe, and 3 songs mary; setting, simile; graphic organizers for summarizing and analyz- including well-known classic and Scripture selections containing a variety ing main character, creative writing and creative drawing; introducing of literary types with a theme of optimism; 2 “Light the Way” Scripture literary term—act, scene, stanza including practice in recognizing scene features; “Words to Watch For” including advanced words and definitions changes, and assessing comprehension of stanzas; Bible application; for vocabulary enrichment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary terms—fic- story and Christian character themes; “Think about It!” and “What Do YOU tion/nonfiction, including activities for creative writing fictional and non- Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion fictional stories; reviewing literary concepts—title, author, main character, questions; “What Can You Do?” including creative ideas for helping others; summary, setting, simile, plot, act, scene, stanza, climax, biography/auto- author and historical background information; silent reading selections; biography, symbolism; “Dig Deeper” review activities including summariz- interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities including ing the plot in sequence, graphic organizers for character description, audio/video demonstration, sequencing, visual aids, creative drawing, cause/effect, symbolism, creative writing, and creative drawing; Bible creative writing, photo/illustration observation, comparison, and analysis application; story and Christian character themes; “Think about It!” and ƒƒPilgrim Boy—a 16-chapter historical fiction novel following a Separat- “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen- ist boy and his family as they travel to the New World onboard the sion/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” including creative ideas for Mayflower; includes advanced vocabulary words and definitions for helping others; author/historical background information; silent reading vocabulary enrichment; reviews literary terms—title, author, main char- selections; interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities acter, summary, setting, and plot; review activities for character descrip- ƒƒSwiss Family Robinson—an 11-chapter adaptation of a classic story; tion and chapter summarization skills in preparation for book report; Bible includes character sketch, advanced vocabulary words and defini- application; story and Christian character themes; factual, inferential, tions for vocabulary enrichment; Bible application; story and Christian and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; additional character themes; chapter reviews including factual, inferential, and enrichment activities including sequencing, recipe, graphic organizers interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; additional enrichment for actions/results, problem/solution, illustration observations including activities creative writing, problem/solution, point of view, sequencing, photos of modern-day Leiden, Holland, a reproduction of the Mayflower, fact/opinion, fun facts, visual demonstration and a recreation of Plymouth, compare/contrast two similar plots ƒƒPilgrim’s Progress: Christian’s Journey—a 20-chapter adaptation of ƒƒ Treats and Treasures—12 stories, 7 poems, 1 invitation, and 1 recipe con- part one of the timeless classic; contains an introduction to the life of taining a variety of selections and literary types with the theme of value, John Bunyan; includes advanced vocabulary words and definitions for including well-known classic and Scripture selections; “Words to Watch vocabulary enrichment; Bible application; reviews symbolism practic- For” including advanced words and definitions for vocabulary enrich- ing understanding figurative language and author’s intent; a map of ment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary term—moral, including activities Pilgrim’s journey as well as other conceptual illustrations to help students for determining authors intent, problem/solution, cause/effect; reviewing understand the meaning of this allegory. literary concepts title, author, main character, summary; setting, simile, ƒƒ Reading Comprehension 3—collection of advertisements, science plot, act, scene, stanza; graphic organizers for summarizing and analyz- articles, short stories, recipes, instructional pages for thinking and problem ing main character, creative writing and creative drawing; introduc- solving; including Index of Literary Application of concepts: author’s ing term symbolism—including activities for understanding figurative purpose, application, cause/effect, character description, compare/con- language; Bible application; story and Christian character themes; “Think trast, context, details, dialogue, fact versus opinion, fantasy versus reality, about It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive figurative language, inference, main character, main idea, moral, organi- comprehension/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” including cre- zation, prediction, point of view, problem/solution, rhyme, sequence, set- ative ideas for helping others; author and historical background informa- ting, text structure, visualization; activities including charting comparisons, tion; silent reading selections; interesting informational facts; additional character webs, puzzles, diagrams, coloring sheets; factual, inferential, enrichment activities include sequencing, visual aids, creative drawing, and interpretive comprehension questions; fiction vs. nonfiction; compar- creative writing, photo/illustration observation, comparison, and analysis ing selections with similar themes ƒƒHeroes and Helpers—containing 19 stories, 7 poems, in a variety of styles and literary types themed after those who rescue or help including Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis well-known classic and Scripture selections; “Words to Watch For” Skills Development including advanced words and definitions for vocabulary enrichment; ƒƒAnswer factual and interpretive for most stories and poems “Dig Deeper” reviewing literary terms—title, author, main character, ƒƒAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most summary, setting, simile, plot, act, scene, stanza, symbolism including stories and poems character comparison, graphic organizers introducing terms—climax, ƒ biography/autobiography including practice in recognition and compari- ƒSummarize selected readings son, compare/contrast similar stories written by different authors; “Dig ƒƒApply understanding of literary types, terms, and concepts

51 GRADE 3

Language Arts: Language The work-text Language 3 provides a variety of practice exercises for students as Added Enrichment they continue their study of English, building on the foundational language con- ƒƒReview games n io it d E th Fif cepts learned in second grade. Third graders will expand their understanding and ƒƒFour themes (nocturnal creatures, knowledge of English as they apply the following concepts: recognizing, writing, U.S. travel, zoos of world, space) and correctly punctuating four kinds of sentences; identifying and correctly using ƒƒGlossary section of language nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and conjunctions; identifying subject terms to practice research skills

Parts of Speech and predicate of sentences, including compound subjects and verbs; subject-verb Word Usage Sentence Structure Research Skills ƒ Composition ƒApplying concepts such as time- agreement including simple and compound subjects and verbs, contractions, and order words, cause and effect, irregular verbs; using and identifying compound words, rhyming words, antonyms, fact and opinion to enhance writ- synonyms, homonyms, contractions, and singular possessive words; and forming ing skills plural nouns and singular verbs by applying spelling rules. ƒƒContinual spiral review and Correlating with both Writing with Purpose 3 and the Reading 3 program, Lan- application of previously taught guage 3 provides instruction and application of writing, including the follow- material ing: writing topic and concluding sentences, using graphic organizers to record researched data; paragraph development; summarizing a variety of literary Evaluation ƒ genres; writing book reports; and using proofreader’s marks to edit writing. ƒBi-weekly quizzes (16) ƒƒBi-weekly tests (17) ƒƒAll quizzes and tests are included in Language 3 Quizzes and Tests  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar hhSubject-verb agreement ƒƒCapitalization ƒƒContractions ƒƒFirst word in every sentence hhSubject-verb agreement within contractions ƒƒProper nouns ƒƒParts of Speech ƒƒParticular people ƒƒNouns ƒƒParticular places and things ƒƒSingular/Plural ƒƒDays of the week and months of the year ƒƒPlural spelling rules ƒ hhSeasons should not be capitalized ƒIrregular plural nouns ƒƒHolidays and special days ƒƒCommon/Proper ƒƒNames referring to God and the Bible ƒƒCompound ƒƒTitles of respect ƒƒPossessive ƒƒDiagram subjects ƒƒThe word I ƒƒVerbs hhInitials ƒƒPast, present, future tense hhFirst word and every important word in titles of books, songs, poems ƒ ƒƒPunctuation ƒAction/non-action hhHelping ƒƒPeriods hhIrregular verbs ƒƒAt end of declarative/imperative sentences ƒƒWord usage hhAfter initials ƒƒmay/can, teach/learn, sit/sat/set ƒƒAfter abbreviations ƒ ƒƒQuestion marks at end of interrogative sentences ƒlie/lay ƒ ƒƒExclamation points at end of exclamatory sentences ƒSingular/Plural ƒƒPlural spelling rules hhQuotation marks before and after a direct quotation ƒƒDiagram hhCommas hhPronouns hhAfter yes or no at beginning of sentence hhDefine and identify hhAfter names of people you are speaking to (direct address) hhIdentify noun(s) pronouns stands for (antecedents) hhSeparate town or city from state ƒ ƒƒSeparate words or groups of words in a series ƒAdjectives ƒƒAnswer and hhSeparate parts of a date What kind How many hhAnswer and hhAfter the greeting and closing of a friendly letter Which one Whose ƒƒApostrophes hhDiagram ƒ ƒƒIn contractions ƒAdverbs ƒƒAnswer ƒƒWith s to make a singular possessive How ƒƒSentences hhAnswer When and How often ƒƒRecognize hhDiagram ƒƒComplete sentences hhConjunctions ƒƒKinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, hhDefine and identify imperative hhand, or, but hhRun-on sentences hhDiagram in compound subjects/verbs ƒƒComplete subject and predicate ƒƒWord study and diction: ƒƒSimple subject and verb Language cont. p. 53 52 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language cont. Grammar cont. ƒƒCorrecting choppy style by combining short sentences ƒƒContractions (34) ƒƒUsing proofreader’s marks to correct errors in capitalization, punc- tuation, spelling, extra words ƒƒCorrect usage: There/Their/They’re, Your/You’re, Its/It’s ƒ ƒƒHomonyms ƒWriting ƒ ƒƒAntonyms ƒUsing graphic organizers to identify/organize main points ƒ ƒƒDictionary skills ƒIn given paragraph/story/article ƒ ƒƒAlphabetical order ƒIn researched/original topic to write paragraph ƒ ƒƒGuide words, pronunciation, meaning, spelling, part of speech ƒComparison/Contrast ƒƒGlossary skills hhBook reports (3) ƒƒThesaurus skills hhFacts and opinions ƒƒSynonyms hhTopic/Concluding sentences hhCause and effect Composition hhTime-order words ƒƒWriting sentences using an assigned word or topic hhParts of a friendly letter, including addressing envelope ƒƒCompleting a sentence hhSummarizing ƒƒAnswering an interrogative sentence with a declarative sentence hhNon-fiction, informational writing hhCorrecting run-on sentences hhPoems hhCompound sentences hhFictional writing Language Arts: Penmanship/Creative Writing Penmanship Writing with Purpose 3 contains a variety of interesting exercises designed to give third graders continued instruction and practice in developing their penmanship skills. Emphasis is placed on neatness and correct letter forma- tion of daily practice. The many activities in the book allow students to improve writing skills as well as expanding practical application. Activities include the following: birthday invitations, grocery list, weekly planner, and dinner menu. Creative Writing. Beginning in lesson 86, writing class will focus primarily on creative writing skills with penmanship review. Creative Writing skills will be taught in a sequence that will prepare students to write their own stories.

´3dn!v¨ abeka.com 00000001 Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒDecorative writing collection ƒƒTest s (33) ƒƒAdditional writing exercises included in Health, History, Reading, and Science  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒUse proper punctuation and capitalization ƒƒHandwriting ƒƒproper paragraph form ƒƒAchieve good writing position: ƒƒchoose titles ƒƒSitting properly in desk ƒƒorganize thoughts into graphic organizers ƒƒHolding pencil correctly ƒƒdevelop stories using suggested topics ƒƒSlanting paper correctly ƒƒwrite a process summary, topic/concluding sentences ƒƒReviewing correct formation of all lower and uppercase letters ƒƒwrite a persuasive letter and numbers 1-10 ƒƒwrite original poetry ƒƒPerfect writing skills for a good overall appearance: hhwriting an original play ƒƒForming difficult letters correctly ƒƒcharacter development ƒƒPlacing letters correctly on lines ƒƒcreative writing collection ƒƒUsing proper spacing between letters and words hhsummary exercises ƒƒSlanting letters properly hhguided research reports ƒƒWriting slowly and carefully hhpicture writing prompts ƒƒMaking smooth connections between letters, difficult letters, hhstory starters blends hhCompositions include these topics: ƒƒUsing key strokes: wave, loop, oval, mountain ƒƒImaginative pieces hhWriting letters ¾ space high, using single space ƒƒHistorical reports ƒƒKeeping size consistent while making a connection without the ƒƒ“how to” step-by-step process help of a dotted line hhPlay: setting, narration, and dialogue ƒƒWriting without use of dotted lines ƒƒpoetry hhObserving margins hhscience reports correlating with Science project My Animal hhDemonstrate ability to copy from print to cursive Notebook ƒƒCreative Writing hhLiterary emphasis lessons correlating with Swiss Family Robinson ƒƒReviewing and enhancing the writing process: read and gather, hhTotal of 29 compositions with 8 additional supplementary projects think and plan, write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results 53 GRADE 3

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry Third graders will develop their spelling and vocabulary skills as they study the words found in Spelling and Poetry 3. Each list contains words from everyday life and “content words” from other academic areas. Lists are organized accord-

Six xth E ing to spelling rules and patterns to help students recall and apply their learning. Vocabulary words and definitions are d iti on

observe included with each list along with vocabulary activity. Students will also build spelling and vocabulary skills by completing a variety of practice exercises. The poetry section acquaints students with a wide variety of good poetry through classroom recitation and memoriza- bridge tion. By discussing the meaning and purpose of each poem, students will develop their comprehension skills. Poems for memorization have been selected for their beauty of language, literary greatness, and character-building qualities. Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒSpelling lists (34): ƒƒSentence banks ƒƒSpelling tests (33) ƒƒSpelling words (562) ƒƒPractical spelling tips and suggestions ƒƒVocabulary words and definitions (118) ƒƒMulti-sensory enrichment ideas ƒƒPractice exercises (171) ƒƒPoetry: ƒƒSpelling games ƒƒPoem introductions include: ƒƒCharacter-building quotations ƒƒDiscussion and application ideas, historical ƒƒOrganized by spelling patterns content ƒƒBuild on previous concepts ƒƒSuggested motions, enrichment activities ƒƒReinforce new concepts ƒƒComprehension Questions ƒƒTeacher resources: ƒƒSpelling Focus  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling Skills Development hhUse ck after a short vowel sound; use k after a vowel combination or a consonant. hhMaster spelling lists including: ƒƒWords arranged according to patterns hhUse ch after a consonant or 2-vowel combination. Use tch after a one-letter vowel. ƒƒCommonly misspelled words hhChange to the suffix - when adding to a root word. ƒƒCompound words full ful hhDouble the final consonant before adding the suffixes - ƒƒCapitalized words ed, -er, -est, -ing. hhAn apostrophe must go where there once was an ƒƒContractions o. hhPlace the apostrophe where the missing letters used to be. ƒƒDouble consonants hh before except after or when sounded like as in and ƒƒPlurals I e c, ā neighbor weigh. ƒƒPrefixes hhWhen making a word that ends in or plural, add ƒƒSuffixes s, sh, ch, x, z es. ƒƒVocabulary words and definitions Worksheet Activities hhFour review lists ƒƒIdentifying words that rhyme ƒƒUse vocabulary words in proper context ƒƒUsing spelling words to complete sentences hhMemorize vocabulary definitions ƒƒWorking with compound words ƒƒApplying spelling and vocabulary words correctly to complete ƒƒMatching contractions with their words sentences ƒƒCreating original sentences ƒ ƒCreating original sentences with spelling words ƒƒSolving puzzles with spelling words ƒ ƒApplying spelling pattern concepts through daily: ƒƒDefining vocabulary words ƒƒTeacher-directed oral practice ƒƒAlphabetizing words to the second and third letter ƒƒIndependent written practice ƒƒRecognizing misspelled words ƒƒExercises that reinforce spelling skills ƒƒWorking with root words, prefixes and suffixes ƒƒ Hearing spelling and vocabulary words in example sentence, in order to: ƒƒIdentifying homonyms, synonyms, antonyms ƒƒClearly picture each word’s meaning; differentiate between ƒƒUsing words in biblical context sound-alike words hhUse words correctly when speaking and writing Poetry Skills Development hhLearn spelling rules : hhMemorize 8 lyrical poems hhUse ai in the middle of a word, ay at the end. ƒƒDevelop appreciation of poetry hhUse oi in the middle of a word, oy at the end. ƒƒPerform in front of an audience hhEnglish words do not end in i; add silent e. ƒƒRecite in unison hhEnglish words do not end in v; add silent e. ƒƒDevelop appropriate expression and volume hhTo form the plural of a word ending in f or fe, change the f or fe to ves. ƒƒLearn definitions and use unfamiliar words hhEnglish words do not end in Write or for the sound at the j. ge dge j ƒƒLearn terms such as setting and illustrator end of a word. ƒƒImprove comprehension through discussion, application, thinking hhThe letter q is followed by u. questions hhTo make a word plural, which ends in a vowel followed by a add y, hhDiscuss meaning and purpose of poems s; if the word ends in a consonant followed by a y, change the y to i hhProper observation of punctuation and add es.

54 GRADE 3

Building on the solid foundation of Arith- Added Enrichment Arithmetic metic 1 and 2, students are well prepared ƒƒ“Brain Booster” Higher level thinking activities for the new material in Arithmetic 3. Exten- ƒƒThematic units: nocturnal creatures, U.S. travel, zoos of the world, space sive work is provided in multiplication, long Work-text Sixth Edition ƒƒReview games division, and multi-step story problems. ƒ Students will tackle fractions, equations, ƒTeaching tips measurement conversions, graphs, and ƒƒEnrichment activities simple geometry. Practical problems on the daily work pages reinforce new Evaluation concepts, and ample review problems ƒƒSkills development exercises in each lesson (136) promote student success. Supplementary ƒƒBiweekly tests (16) problems are designed to meet individual ƒƒBiweekly quizzes (16) needs. ƒƒOral evaluations (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers hhCarrying to any place value ƒƒPlace value: 1–100,000; money hhChecking by addition ƒ hhPlace value: to 100,000,000 ƒAddends: column addition ƒƒWriting numbers: hhAveraging ƒƒFrom dictation to 100,000s place hhFractions ƒƒFrom number words hhMeasures ƒƒRoman numerals: ƒƒNumber sentences: ƒƒValue of I, V, X, L, C, D, M ƒƒWith unknowns ƒƒReading and building numerals 1–30 ƒƒWith greater/less than ƒƒBasic rules: hhOrder of operations (parentheses) hhMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals Subtraction hhV may not be repeated or subtracted ƒƒSubtraction families 1–18: mixed order hhI cannot be placed in front of L, C, D, M ƒƒTimed mastery ƒƒ>, <, = ƒƒMissing number ƒƒNumber sentences: ƒƒMissing sign ƒ ƒWith unknowns hhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition, ƒƒGreater/less than multiplication, and division up to 6 numbers hhOrder of operations (parentheses) ƒƒSubtracting with any number of digits, money hhNumber sequences ƒƒWord problems: Addition ƒƒClue words: how many (much) more, have left, less, fewer, how much change ƒƒAddition families 1–18: mixed order ƒƒTerms: minuend, subtrahend, difference ƒƒTimed mastery ƒƒBorrowing: ƒƒTerms: addend, sum ƒƒFrom any whole number in any position ƒƒMissing number ƒƒWith any number of zeros in the minuend ƒƒMissing sign ƒƒChecking by addition ƒƒWord problems: hhFractions ƒƒClue words: in all, altogether, how many (much) more (in a hhMeasures statement) ƒƒNumber sentences: ƒƒProblem set up ƒƒWith unknowns ƒƒMoney: ƒƒWith greater/less than ƒƒAdding: hhOrder of operations (parentheses) ƒƒDimes and pennies hhProperties–inverse operation ƒƒNickels and pennies ƒƒDimes, nickels, pennies Multiplication ƒƒAny combination of half dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, ƒƒMultiplication tables: and/or pennies by converting to cents ƒƒ0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 ƒ ƒ$1, $5, $10, $20 bills hh4, 6–9, 11–12 ƒ ƒProperties hhWord problems: ƒ ƒCommutative hhClue words: twice, times as many, per hhAssociative ƒƒProperties hhInverse operation ƒƒCommutative hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, hhAssociative multiplication, and division up to 6 numbers Arithmetic cont. p. 56 55 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. ƒƒTimed mastery ƒƒFinding the fractional part of a whole number: ƒƒTerms: factor, product, partial product hhWith a mixed number as the answer hhMissing number hhWord problems hhMissing sign hhTimed mastery hhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division, ƒƒReading and writing fractions addition, and subtraction up to 5 numbers hhTypes: equivalent, mixed, for a whole number, for zero hhMultiplying: hhReducing to lowest terms hhWith any number of digits in first factor hhAdding: hhWith up to 2 digits in second factor hhWith a common denominator hhRelating multiplication facts to the corresponding addition and hhMixed numbers with a common denominator division facts hhSubtracting: hhProperties hhWith a common denominator hhCommutative hhMixed numbers with a common denominator hhAssociative ƒƒComparing fractions hhInverse property hhIdentity property Decimals hhCarrying: ƒƒMoney: hhTo the tens, hundreds, and thousands places ƒƒUse of dollar sign and decimal point in addition hhIn problems with 2-digit multiplier hhUse of dollar sign and decimal point in ­subtraction, multiplication, division hhChecking by reversing factors hhNumber sentences: Problem Solving & Applications hhWith unknowns ƒƒWord problems: hhWith greater/less than ƒƒSteps of problem-solving process hhOrder of operations (parentheses) ƒƒAddition, subtraction, multiplication Division hhDivision ƒ ƒƒRecognize symbols: ÷ and ƒFractions, money ƒƒDivision tables: hhMeasures: ƒƒ2, 3, 5, 10 hhDry measures of capacity hhFeet and yards in a mile hh1, 4, 6–9, 11–12 ƒƒLiter hhWord problems: hhConverting measures hhClue words: divided equally, shared equally, per hhMeasurement problems hhSteps of division ƒ ƒƒTerms: dividend, divisor, quotient ƒClue words hhUp to 4 steps hhShort division ƒƒMixed operations hhMissing number ƒƒApplications: hhMental arithmetic: prob­lems combining division, multiplication, subtraction, and addition up to 6 numbers ƒƒPuzzles hhDivisors: 1 and 2 digits hhMultiple combinations hhDividends: any number of digits, money ƒƒTime, length, money, weight, fractions hhRemainders: writing as a fraction ƒƒOral story problems hhChecking by multiplication Time hhMoney ƒƒClock: face, hour/minute hands hhAveraging ƒƒa.m. and p.m. hhNumber sentences: ƒƒReading and writing time hhWith unknowns ƒƒTable of time: hhWith greater/less than ƒƒSeconds, minutes, hours hhOrder of operations (parentheses) ƒƒDays, months hhProperties ƒƒCalendar, year hhInverse property hhLeap year hhIdentity property ƒƒDetermining elapsed time Fractions Money ƒ ƒParts of a whole: ƒƒRecognition and value of all coins ƒ ƒHalves, thirds, fourths ƒƒCounting and combining all coins ƒ ƒFifths, sixths, sevenths, eighths, ninths, tenths ƒƒRecognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point) hhAny fractional part ƒƒWord problems, making change ƒ ƒParts of a group: any fractional part ƒƒAddition Arithmetic cont. p. 57 56 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont.

ƒƒSubtraction, multiplication, division; equations hhSubtracting unlike measures within same system hhMoney equations Graphing, Statistics, Probability Measures ƒƒConstructing and interpreting graphs ƒƒTemperature: ƒƒPictographs ƒƒReading and writing ƒƒBar graphs ƒƒTerms: degrees ƒƒLine graphs ƒƒFahrenheit: hhStatistics: averaging ƒƒFreezing and boiling points of water; normal body temperature Geometry ƒƒCelsius: ƒƒPlane figures: circle, square, rectangle, trapezoid, hexagon ƒƒFreezing and boiling points of water hhPlane figures: rhombus, kite, pentagon hhNormal body temperature ƒƒSolid figures: sphere, cube, pyramid, cone, cylinder ƒƒLength: hhSolid figures: rectangular prism ƒƒEnglish system: inch, foot, yard ƒƒTerms: vertex, edge, face hhMile hhRight angle ƒƒMetric system: centimeter, meter hhParallel lines ƒƒWeight: hhPerpendicular lines ƒƒEnglish system: ounce, pound hhQuadrilaterals: Recognize and classify by their attributes hhTon ƒƒPerimeter: Find perimeter of any polygon by adding side ƒ ƒMetric system: gram, kilogram lengths ƒƒCapacity: hhGiven the perimeter, find the side length of a square ƒƒEnglish liquid measures: cup, pint, quart, gallon hhArea: Find the area of rectilinear figures by counting hhEnglish dry measures: pint, quart, peck, bushel square units ƒƒMetric system: liter hhTransformations: Slide, flip, turn hhOrdering measures least to greatest hhConverting from one measure to another within same system Pre-Algebra hhFinding the unknown number in an ­equation hhAdding unlike measures within same system

History & Geography

3 Our American Heritage is a full-year biographical study of over fifty people who made an impact on American history through their character, contributions, and courage. Students will be inspired as they learn about the lives and accomplish- Fifth Edition ments of these great Americans. This chronologically arranged introduction to American history makes it easier for students People in U.S. History to remember important events and provides them with valuable, diverse heroes and role models. Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒImportant words, names, and places ƒƒAdded information boxes share interesting ƒƒQuizzes (15) boxes facts relating to the historical figure being ƒƒTests (11) ƒƒTimeline for each chapter to clearly studied show time period relating to the histori- ƒƒEnrichment Activities offer fun and variety in cal figure studied enhancing learning and creativity through ƒƒComprehension checks throughout games, creative writing, art, visual aids, etc. each chapter ƒƒTeaching maps and timeline of United ƒƒStop and Think presents ideas for States history thoughtful discussion and application ƒƒGeography worksheets (31) with additional ƒƒCharacter traits of each historical activities to use as enrichment figure highlighted and discussed ƒƒCreative writing activities ƒƒModern Marvels compares modern- day life to earlier times of America  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Study of Our American Heritage through the hhMyles Standish: Pilgrim leader, founding of Plymouth Colony Biographies of Great People ƒƒSquanto: an instrument of God, Pilgrims hhWilliam Penn: Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania Founding of America hhDavid Brainerd: missionary to Native Americans ƒƒChristopher Columbus: discovery of America ƒƒBenjamin Franklin: writer, inventor, ambassador, Constitutional hhJohn Smith: founding of Jamestown Convention ƒƒPocahontas: helped save Jamestown ƒƒPaul Revere: Sons of Liberty, warned colonists of British invasion History & Geography cont. p. 58 57 GRADE 3

History & Geography cont. Founding of America cont. ƒƒ Jim Thorpe/Jesse Owens: Olympic athletes ƒ hhPatrick Henry: statesman who encouraged freedom from English ƒ Jim/Elisabeth Elliot: missionaries to Auca Indians rule hhDwight D. Eisenhower: general and 34th president hhJames Armistead: hero and spy during American War for Indepen- hhAmelia Earhart: pilot, first woman to fly across Atlantic Ocean dence hhMartin Luther King, Jr.: segregation ends, Rosa Parks, “I Have a Dream” ƒƒGeorge Washington: general during the War for Independence, first speech president, Mount Vernon hhJohn Glenn/Neil Armstrong: pioneering astronauts ƒƒThomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence, third president, hhRonald Reagan: governor and 40th president, “Tear Down this Wall” Monticello, Jefferson Memorial hhChappie James: pilot during World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, hhBenjamin Banneker: African-American inventor, surveyor of Wash- 4-Star General ington, D.C. hhGeorge W. Bush: president during 9/11, War on Terror, new technology hhJohn Adams: second president hhBarack Obama: first African-American president, Patient Protection hhDolley Madison: first lady who saved portrait of George Washington and Affordable Care Act, appointed first Hispanic Supreme Court during War of 1812 Justice hhDonald J. Trump: current president, “Make America Great Again,” immi- Expanding of America gration reform ƒƒDaniel Boone: French and Indian War, pioneer, Wilderness Road hhPeter Cartwright: circuit-riding preacher during expansion of Geography Study America ƒƒGlobe hhLewis and Clark: explorers of the Louisiana Purchase ƒƒCardinal/secondary directions, compass rose hhSacagawea: guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark expedition ƒƒMap key, map grid, distance scale hhNoah Webster: The Blue-Backed Speller, an American dictionary ƒƒSeven continents and five oceans hhJohn Greenleaf Whittier/Louisa May Alcott: well-loved American ƒƒHemispheres, poles, equator authors during expansion of America ƒƒHome state hhDavy Crockett/Sam Houston: pioneering soldiers and leaders, ƒƒRegions of the United States Alamo ƒƒ50 state locations ƒƒHarriet Tubman: Underground Railroad ƒƒCapital city (Washington, D.C.) ƒƒAbraham Lincoln: 16th president, Civil War, ended slavery, assassi- ƒƒMississippi River, Gulf of Mexico, Ohio River, Rio Grande, Missouri nated, Lincoln Memorial River, Niagara Falls hhRobert E. Lee/Ulysses S. Grant: generals during Civil War ƒƒNeighbors to north and south: Canada, Mexico hhClara Barton: “Angel of the Battlefield,” American Red Cross Society ƒƒLandforms: hill, mountain, valley, gorge, lake, river, island, peninsula, hhD. L. Moody: preacher, evangelist plain, volcano, oasis, desert, waterfall, marsh Modernization of America ƒƒAppalachian and Rocky Mountains ƒƒGreat Lakes, Great Plains hhEmily Roebling: Brooklyn Bridge hhEverglades, coral reef, Redwood Forest, Grand Canyon, Painted ƒƒ Alexander Graham Bell: inventor, telephone Desert, Old Faithful, Great Basin, Yosemite National Park ƒƒ Thomas Edison: inventor, battery, light bulb ƒƒU.S. Territories: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, ƒƒ Booker T. Washington: teacher, founder of Tuskegee Institute Guam, Northern Mariana Island hhTheodore Roosevelt: soldier and 26th president hhLocation of famous American landmarks: Liberty Bell; Mount Rush- hhBilly Sunday: baseball player, evangelist more; White House; Alamo; Golden Gate Bridge; Brooklyn Bridge; hhLaura Ingalls Wilder: author of stories about pioneer life in the Midwest Jamestown; Cape Canaveral; Tuskegee Institute; Hoover Dam; ƒƒ Orville/Wilbur Wright: inventors of airplane U.S.S. Arizona; Fort Clatsop; Transcontinental Railroad; Gateway ƒƒ George Washington Carver: inventor, director of agriculture at Tuske- Arch; Boonesborough; Kitty Hawk, North Carolina gee Institute ƒƒInviting, fun review sheets

Exploring God’s World guides the student’s study of God’s plan for creation. Stu- Added Enrichment Science dents will increase both their reading comprehension and their knowledge of sci- ƒƒHands-on learning activities in 3 entific concepts while learning about matter and energy, the earth’s atmosphere daily lessons and surface, the plant world, the solar system, animals and their habitats, and the ƒƒWorksheets Fifth Edition human body from God’s viewpoint. ƒƒCreative Writing activities Through the “how” and “why” questions that are answered in this text, children will learn about the world around them while developing their thinking skills. Explor- Evaluation ƒ ing God’s World also includes hands-on activities and demonstrations that help to ƒQuizzes (17) increase each student’s comprehension of basic science concepts. Begin the year ƒƒTests (7) by teaching this 120 lesson course followed by 50 lessons of Health.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Science cont. p. 59 58 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. What Is Science? Activities & Demonstrations hhWhat is a scientist? hhBe a scientist! How can we use stored energy to make a toy car move without pushing it? hhAccording to field of study ƒƒHow scientists work hhPush and pull ƒƒScientific method: observe and ask questions, guess and predict, hhUse sandpaper to make friction. experiment and gather data, study data and share it hhBe a scientist! How does surface affect the motion of a toy car? ƒƒTerminology: investigate, method, experiment, prediction, data, hhBuild a strong structure. theory hhObserve a magnetic field. ƒƒWhere scientists work: lab or place of study hhSort solid matter by similar property. ƒƒScience tools: hand lens, microscope, telescope, ruler, scale, beaker, hhBe a scientist! If sugar and salt seem to be able to be poured out, thermometer, stopwatch, graphs but feel like liquid, are they solid or liquid matter? hhGraphing data: circle/pie graph, bar graphs, line graphs hhUse liquid to fill different shapes. ƒƒScience safety: handling materials, tools, wearing goggles hhDetermine that air has weight. hhHow do scientists design experiments? fairness, consistency, use of hhChange a liquid into a gas. variables hhDiscover which has greater density—oil or water. Activities & Demonstrations hhMake a mixture hhLine graphs hhMeasuring a solid God’s Creation at Work (First Day of Creation) hhMeasuring a liquid hhComparing volumes of air ƒƒGod’s plan for order in the universe ƒƒWhat is energy The Earth’s Atmosphere (Second Day of Creation) ƒƒAbility to do work ƒƒGod’s perfect design of air for people, animals, and plants ƒƒEnergy sources: wind, water, solar, fuel, electrical, sound ƒƒAtmosphere hhEnergy forms: waiting, working hhMixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases ƒƒEngines use fuel, electricity for energy ƒƒWeather: heat, water, wind hhHouses use electricity for energy: cables, conductors, insulators, hhHow does heat happen on earth? absorb, radiate, greenhouse effect currents, complete circuits hhHow does water get into air? water vapor ƒƒForce and movement hhWhat makes the wind? air pressure, cool air—heavy, ƒƒPush or pull on object warm air—light hhWork, balance of forces ƒƒMeteorology ƒƒTypes: gravity, friction, magnetism ƒƒMeteorologists, forecasts, Doppler radar ƒƒChanging movement hhGraphing weather data ƒƒEffects of friction: wears things down, heats things up ƒƒWater cycle ƒƒInertia ƒƒEvaporation: water vapor ƒƒOvercoming forces: machines ƒƒCondensation: water droplets, loss of heat energy ƒƒSimple machines: wheel and axle, inclined plane/ramp, pulley, ƒƒPrecipitation: lever, gears ƒƒRain hhCompound machines: bicycle, vehicles, electronic devices ƒƒSnow—crystals, snowflakes, crystallize ƒƒTerminology: revolve, effort, load, fulcrum, effort force, grooves, ƒƒSleet—rain that is frozen before it falls teeth, efficient ƒƒHail—hailstones; happens during spring, summer; during ƒƒGravity: some thunderstorms hhEffects of weight, laws of nature ƒƒStorms: hhBuilding strong structures: ƒƒThunderstorms: humid, lightning, static electricity, thundercloud, hhStrong foundation: “roots”of building thunder hhStrong supports: pyramids, columns, arches ƒƒHurricanes: landfall, eye ƒƒMagnetism: ƒƒTornadoes: touched down, twister ƒƒMagnetite, artificial magnets, electromagnets hhClimates: hhMagnetic fields hhFrigid: always cold ƒƒAttracts or repels hhTemperate: four seasons, experience both warm and cold ƒƒPolarity: North and South Poles weather ƒƒMatter hhTropical: two seasons—rainy and dry, very warm weather hhMade up of molecules Activities & Demonstrations ƒƒStates: solid, liquid, gas hhRecord daily temperature. ƒƒHow energy changes matter: melting, freezing, boiling hhGraph temperature trends. hhEffects of heat energy on different states hhObserve air pressure. hhTerminology: properties, volume, metric units hhGraph weather types. hhDensity hhBe a scientist! Does the water evaporate more quickly in a hhMatter mixtures warm or cool place? hhObserve condensation and precipitation. hhObserve static electricity. Science cont. p. 60 59 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. The Earth’s Surface (Third Day of Creation) ƒƒFlowers or cones ƒ hhShape of earth: sphere; North and South Poles at top/bottom; ƒMake seeds, have pollen equator in middle ƒƒPollination hhStructure of earth: ƒƒPollinators: honeybee, wind, birds, other insects hhCrust: bedrock hhFruit: holds and protects seeds hhMantle: rock and magma hhOther ways plants can sprout hhCore: very hot; center of earth hhExamples: strawberries, sweet potato, white potato hhSeas and dry land hhForest ƒƒ5 oceans: 70% of earth covered in water hhThree kinds ƒƒ7 continents hhConifer: made from trees with cones, needles; found in colder hhSoil climates h hhMade up of minerals and humus hTemperate: found in climates with four seasons h hhTypes: sandy, humus, clay hTropical: found in tropical climates with much rain and vegetation hhFertile soil: mixture hhTrees: hhLayers: topsoil, subsoil, bedrock hhParts: crown, trunk, roots ƒƒConservation: crop rotation; fertilization hhHow old is a tree? annual rings ƒƒErosion: gullies, plowing methods for prevention hhLayers of tree: heartwood, sapwood, bark ƒƒLandforms ƒƒWhy some tree leaves change colors in autumn—decay, hhFormation of river: source, mouth, delta dormant hhCauses of formations: water runoff; silt hhDecomposers: hhExamples: Mississippi River Delta, Nile River Delta hhFungi and bacteria: grow from spores hhWeathering hhGreen plants that grow from spores: ferns, mosses hhCaused by water or wind hhFungi “plants” that grow from spores: mushrooms, hhSurface changes toadstools hhVolcanoes: erupt, lava Activities & Demonstrations: hhEarthquakes: plates, fault hhObserve a baby plant. hhLandslides: can be caused by flooding, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions hhObserve a stem drawing water upward. hhKinds of rock hhExamine a flower. hhVariety of types hhBe a scientist! How can you determine which kinds of produce hhSome made by heat, sediment, pressure are fruit? hhExamples: lava, marble hhExamine types of tree leaves. ƒƒStewardship: taking wise care of what God has given us hhObserve tiny decomposers. ƒƒConserve resources hhStudy a piece of moss. ƒƒUse resources wisely hhMake a spore print. ƒƒRecycle, repurpose, reuse Activities & Demonstrations The Solar System (Fourth Day of Creation) hhMake a compass. ƒƒSolar system: hhObserve soil with a hand lens. ƒƒSun: at center of solar system hhObserve water expansion. ƒƒStar closest to earth hhStart a rock collection. ƒƒSun’s energy helps earth—light, heat, makes weather hhBe a scientist! Where can you find sediment in a body of water? ƒƒPlanets travel around sun—orbit ƒƒGod’s plan for solar system: order and size of each planet Plant World (Third Day of Creation) ƒƒEight planets: orbit the sun ƒƒReproduce after their kind hhInner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars ƒƒReplenish the earth hhOuter planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune ƒƒAll living things are dependent on plants ƒƒStars: ƒƒSeeds: ƒƒWhat is a star—glowing gas h hThree parts: seed coat, baby plant, stored food hhOur galaxy—Milky Way hhHow does a seed sprout? ƒƒConstellations: Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Orion hh4 things needed: water, right temperature, air, light ƒƒMoon: ƒƒPlant structures: hhOrbits a planet ƒƒRoots: root hairs hhNatural satellite ƒƒHow roots help the soil—topsoil, subsoil, erosion ƒƒReflects sun’s light ƒƒAbsorbs water and minerals ƒƒMoon’s surface: craters, asteroids, meteoroids hhStems: carries water/minerals up; carries food down to roots for ƒƒMoon’s phases: new, crescent, quarter, full storage ƒƒMoon’s gravity: high/low tide cause circulation of water ƒƒLeaves: hhMeasures of time ƒƒHow do plants make their own food?—process of photosynthesis hhYear: days it takes earth to orbit sun; leap year ƒƒHow do plants use and help our air?—give off oxygen; use carbon ƒƒSeasons: caused by earth’s tilt toward/away from sun dioxide Science cont. p. 61 60 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. ƒƒMonth: moon phases ƒƒRainforest ƒƒDay/Night: sunrise, sunset, sundial ƒƒFour layers: emergent, canopy, understory, forest floor ƒƒSpace science: ƒƒExamples of different animals: monkeys, sloths, butterflies, ƒƒAstronauts: need for spacesuit; space station snakes, toucans, tree frogs, jaguars, leopards, fungi, termites, ƒƒSpace travel: spacecraft, space station, tether, space probes, worms, tigers, gorillas, wild pigs, insects landers, rovers hhExamples of plants: pineapple family ƒƒEarth: Our Home—God’s provision and plan in His design for our ƒƒThick vegetation provides plenty of food planet hhArctic Activities & Demonstrations hhTwo seasons: summer and winter hhDemonstrate the planets’ orbit around the sun. hhExamples of different animals: caribou, snow geese, reindeer, hhSee how craters happen on the moon’s surface. walruses, polar bear, arctic fox, cod hhTrack the moon’s phases. hhWater habitats hhBe a scientist! How does distance affect a planet’s orbit? hhCoral reef hhSee how the earth’s rotation makes day and night. hhExamples of different animals: tiger sharks, barracudas, sea anemone, seahorse, manatee The Animal Kingdom (Fifth and Sixth Days ƒƒSaltwater, schools of fish, algae, zooplankton of Creation) hhStream hhVariety of species hhExamples of different animals: river otter, osprey, snails, bears, hhDifferences between plants/animals bass hhAnimal classification: ƒƒFreshwater, current, surface film, animal tracks hhVertebrates: backbone, inside skeleton, five classes Activities & Demonstrations hhMammals: characteristics, carnivores, herbivores, omnivores ƒƒPrepare an insect habitat. hhFish: characteristics, gills, scales, predators hhGrow a succulent garden. hhAmphibians: characteristics, instincts, camouflage, burrows hhBe a scientist! What leaves can collect the most water? hhReptiles: characteristics, venomous hhFind out how blubber keeps animals warm. hhBirds: characteristics, prey hhObserve surface film. hhInvertebrates: no backbone, weak muscles, small animals with soft hhIdentify animal tracks. bodies, outside skeletons if they have them, cold-blooded ƒƒInsects: largest group of invertebrates Human Biology (Sixth Day of Creation) ƒƒBody design: head, thorax, abdomen ƒƒSpecial to God: cells, tissue, organs, systems ƒƒOutside skeleton ƒƒNervous system: brain, nerves, spinal cord ƒƒComplete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, adult ƒƒSense organs/Sense: ƒƒIncomplete metamorphosis: egg, nymph, adult ƒƒEyes/Sight: ƒƒMimicry ƒƒParts: pupil, iris, lens, optic nerve, retina ƒƒSpiders: not insects, two body parts ƒƒUse light energy to see ƒ Activities & Demonstrations ƒProtection: eyelids, eyelashes, tears, skull ƒƒEars/Hearing: hhFind your normal body temperature. hhParts: outer ear (auditory canal, eardrum), middle ear hhUse a filter to find out how a fish breathes. (hammer, anvil, stirrup), inner ear (cochlea, auditory nerve) hhWatch an amphibian grow. ƒƒUse sound energy to hear: vibrations, sound waves hhCollect earthworms. ƒƒProtection: skull, hairs/glands, wax hhMake an insect-collecting jar. ƒƒNose/Smelling: Animal Habitats (Fifth and Sixth Days of Creation) ƒƒParts: nostrils hhHabitats—natural home of plant or animal; unique to each animal ƒƒOdors, molecules ƒƒFour things each habitat must have ƒƒDetect warnings through scents ƒƒSpace: instincts/equipment; migration ƒƒProtection: mucus ƒƒShelter: herds; hibernation ƒƒTongue/Taste: ƒƒWater: dew; freshwater; saltwater ƒƒParts: taste buds ƒƒFood: ƒƒWorks with smell; different tastes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) hhFood chains: sunlight energy, predator, prey, producer, ƒƒSaliva dissolves consumer, top predator, decomposer ƒƒSkin/Touch: hhLand habitats ƒƒParts: epidermis, follicles, dermis, sweat glands, oil glands hhPrairie: ƒƒProtection: nerves to feel pain, fingernails, toenails, scab hhExamples of different animals: bison, prairie chicken, prairie dogs, ƒƒRegulates temperature: sweat, pores, goose bumps locusts, king snake ƒƒHeart and circulatory system ƒƒGrazers, rodents, pollinators ƒƒBlood: red cells, white cells, platelets hhFresh water source: rivers, streams, lakes, ponds ƒƒCirculation: blood vessels, heart, chambers, veins, arteries, pulse hhDesert: ƒƒLungs and respiratory system hhExamples of different animals: desert toad, gila monster, ƒƒInhale oxygen/exhale carbon dioxide, respiration scorpion, elf owl ƒƒParts: windpipe, diaphragm hhCrevices, dew, nocturnal Science cont. p. 62 61 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Human Biology cont. Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒTeeth: hhMake a model of the spinal cord. ƒƒWhere digestion begins ƒƒWatch the pupil change in size. ƒƒParts: crown and root hhMake a tin-can telephone. hhLayers of tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp hhDetermine how long it takes for odor molecules to travel. ƒƒDigestive system: hhDissolve sugar in water. ƒƒParts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines hhDetermine that nerves help protect skin. ƒƒSkeletal system: hhExamine skin with a hand lens. ƒƒFramework of body hhMake a model of a drop of blood. hh206 bones: skull, clavicle, scapula, humerus, sternum, ribs, verte- hhMake a model of the respiratory system. bra, phalanges, pelvis, femur, patella hh Be a scientist! Does a person’s breathing become faster when exercising? hhjoints, ligaments hhDemonstrate that digestive juices break down food for digestion. hhMuscular system hhMake a model of the vertebrae. hhOver 600 muscles hhDemonstrate that a bone's design makes it stronger. ƒƒVoluntary/Involuntary muscles ƒƒSkeletal muscles: biceps, triceps ƒƒTendons hhCardiac muscle

The purpose of Health, Safety, and Manners 3 is to teach students about the body God has given them and Health to encourage them to practice good health, safety, and manners habits each day. Third-grade students enjoy learning about good posture, healthy habits, exercise, nutrition, first aid, personal health, public safety, recreational safety, home safety, manners, and courtesy.

Fourth Edition Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒComprehension Checks (45) ƒƒTerms to Remember (14) ƒƒQuizzes (5) ƒƒThink About It (42) ƒƒHeath the Health Bee ƒƒTests (3) ƒƒTechnology Tips (3) ƒƒReview worksheets for specific topics (12) ƒƒThe Bible Says (21)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health hhSources and benefits of the minerals—calcium, potassium, sodium, iron, and iodine ƒƒGood posture habits hhSources and benefits of carbohydrates ƒƒSitting correctly hhSources and benefits of fiber ƒƒStanding correctly hhSources and benefits of fats and oils ƒƒWalking correctly hhHow to prevent malnutrition hhBending correctly hhReading food labels hhPulling correctly ƒƒHealthy habits hhPushing correctly hhFood storage hhLifting correctly hhFood preparation ƒƒExercise hhHow sickness can be spread ƒƒThe importance of exercise ƒƒHow sickness can be prevented ƒƒThe importance of rest hhHow sickness can be treated ƒƒA healthy diet ƒƒWhen to seek health care ƒƒNutritional benefits of vegetables ƒƒEveryday health habits ƒƒNutritional benefits of fruits ƒƒTaking care of your body ƒƒNutritional benefits of grains ƒƒTaking care of your hair ƒƒNutritional benefits of protein ƒƒTaking care of your teeth ƒƒNutritional benefits of dairy ƒƒTaking care of your eyes ƒƒNutritional benefits of water ƒƒTaking care of your ears ƒƒA balanced diet hhHealth habits in public ƒƒA good breakfast ƒƒFirst aid ƒƒA good lunch hhMinor injuries ƒƒA good dinner hhTreating bumps and twists ƒƒNutrients hhTreating scrapes and cuts hhSources and benefits of protein. hhSources and benefits of vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K Health cont. p. 63 62 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont.

hhEmergency procedures ƒƒPersonal safety hhHead or neck injury ƒƒRecreational safety hhSeizures hhRecognizing appropriate play areas hhChoking hhSafety around animals hhElectrical shock hhSafety around plants hhUnconscious and breathing ƒƒBicycle safety hhUnconscious and not breathing ƒƒWater safety hhPersonal health ƒƒHome safety hhKnowing and loving God ƒƒHow to prevent falls hhThinking clearly ƒƒWeather safety hhExercising your mind ƒƒFire safety hhThinking right thoughts hhInternet safety hhChoosing joy ƒƒGun safety hhLoving others hhHome security hhShowing courtesy Manners hhHelping others ƒƒPoliteness hhShowing respect hhHow to greet guests hhShowing sportsmanship hhProper introductions Safety ƒƒKindness ƒƒPublic safety ƒƒHelpfulness h hhIn-public safety rules hHow to handle bullying ƒ hhNever go to a public place alone ƒObedience h hhBe aware of what is around you hHow to refuse wrongdoing ƒ hhStay in well-lit areas ƒRespect ƒ hhCall for help ƒGratitude ƒƒParking lot safety hhPhone etiquette ƒƒStreet safety ƒƒPutting others first

As students embark on their third-grade Bible studies, they will be excited about the new Bible Evaluation Bible stories they will be learning. These stories include Old Testament Bible characters such as ƒƒGraded memory verse

Life of David Samuel, David, Elijah, Elisha, Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and Nehemiah. As children listen to the events Series 1 Young passages (9) leading up to King David’s rule, they will see the contrast between King Saul and David. Students DAV IDFlash-a-Card will hear examples of David’s heart toward God and that true obedience comes from the heart. Bible review and application sheets challenge students to examine their own hearts in their walk with God as they develop a biblical worldview.

3 Lessons • 21 Cards 1 God Chooses David 2 David Kills Goliath 3 David and Jonathan Lesson Guide Included ´;,I!m¨ David Kills Goliath 27124101 abeka.com  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 393 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work ƒƒSalvation Series (5 lessons) hhNew passages (9) containing 34 verses hhLife of Samuel (4); Young David (3); David in Hiding (4) ƒƒReview verses (54) hhElijah (6); Elisha (8) ƒƒThe First Thanksgiving Doctrinal Truths 61 questions/answers ƒƒIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, ƒƒFirst Christmas (5) ­salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation hhDaniel (6); Ezra and Nehemiah (7); Esther (5) ƒƒCrucifixion and Resurrection (9) Prayer Time hhParables of Jesus, Series 1 and 2 (12) ƒƒLearn to pray with thanksgiving­ for each other, our nation, those in authority over us Music 69 songs ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, patriotic songs, holiday songs, ­choruses Sword Drill including: hhLearn books of New and Old Testaments hh7 new hymns and songs; 7 new choruses hh72 New and Old Testament references to find

63 GRADE 3

Music Songs We Enjoy 3 brings together many of the traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs that American children have enjoyed singing for generations. Today’s children still love these songs. The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and delightful for the students.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 64 songs hhLearn patriotism through patriotic music and folk songs h hhExplain meaning of 22 unfamiliar phrases or words in lyrics hLearn to keep time musically with rhythm instruments ƒ hhSing rounds in two or more parts ƒDiscover historical information contributing to song's origin ƒƒFollow a song leader while singing together with class or CD ƒƒReinforce Bible application ƒƒBenefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: Variety of Songs to Memorize ƒ ƒEcho parts, whistling, using props ƒƒFolk, fun songs, spirituals and gospels, patriotic, holiday, Americana hhGroup parts

Arts & Crafts Adding to the knowledge of the color wheel, Art Projects 3 encourages students to express their own creativity and find beauty in the world around them. Students will enjoy working with new media such as clay, charcoal, and watercolors while continuing to learn foundational art FourthFifth Edition Edition and design concepts and techniques. Includes glossary of art terminology.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Concept & Technique Development ƒƒCurved, swirled, looped, broken (dashed, dotted), lines, drooping lines, contour lines, scalloped lines ƒƒMedia & Art Types: ƒƒColor: ƒƒCrayon, colored pencils, paper, pencil, glitter, painting, glow-in- ƒ the-dark painting, fibers and mixed media, chalk, marker, tissue ƒ12-color color wheel; primary, secondary, intermediate colors, hue, paper, scissor-edge cutting, charcoal, watercolors, clay/ceramics, tones metallic paints, kneaded eraser, sequins, needlework/embroidery, ƒƒPrimary, secondary, intermediate color mixing, visual color mixing, metal bending using natural colors, blending, color matching, energized colors, ƒƒIllustrating: color wheel, story, song, Scripture, poem pink, transparent, metallic colors, color intensity and muting, gradi- ent, winter colors, using white, pastels, spring colors, muddy colors, ƒƒCutting from template, cutting out centers, creative cutting, creating off-white colors poking, fringe cutting, cutting strips, layered cutting ƒƒColor family, tints, shades ƒƒTracing, drawing, drawing step-by-step, geometric shapes, ƒ organic shapes, outlining, overlay, directional coloring, stippling, ƒComplementary colors, analogous colors, neutral colors, warm shading, folding, detailing, drawing/painting animated expres- and cool colors, color temperature, color study sions, steps of artistic process, painting from observing illustration, ƒƒColor scheme: fall, Christmas, patriotic, sunset, masculine, femi- texturizing, hatching, cross-hatching, blotting, dabbing/spong- nine, Valentine colors, Easter colors, Jewish festival colors, ing, drawing using symmetry, kneading, embossing, rounding, ƒƒVarying pressure for light/dark colors imprinting, sponging, lettering, downstroke, double line, serif, script, ƒƒOverlay, blending, swab blending, swab rubbing swash, flourish, wash, wet layering, graduated wash, wet-on-wet, ƒƒObserving color moods: exciting, peaceful, playful, serious, hopeful; dry-on-dry, scumbling, sponge swiping, masking with tape/rubber observing colors in nature cement, scoring, score and slip, salt resist, poster/mural, pop-up, ƒƒMoods: happy, joyful, sad, peaceful, fearful hinge, V fold, box fold, sculpting (rolling, pinching, flattening, poking, ƒƒColor symbolism scraping, etching), hard/soft edge watercolor painting, brush control, paint by number, quilling, scroll shapes (round, v, s), border ƒƒForm, Value, Contrast: shapes (teardrop, petal) ƒƒShading, tint, shadow, value, varying pressure for value hhOp Art, landscape, snowscape, still life, mosaic, collage, seascape, hhSphere forming, 3D texture indenting, stitchery, weaving, salt painting, creating musical instru- ƒƒCylinder, cone, vary pressure for gradual light/dark shading ment ƒƒTint, making tints with watercolors ƒƒUsing loose grip, swab/finger rubbing/smudging; using side of hh3D Concept, 3D Forming charcoal to shade, side and pressure strokes, lengthwise stroke, ƒƒValue, contrast, shading, fade, cast shadow squiggles, highlighting ƒƒBlending, highlighting

Arts & Crafts cont. p. 65 64 GRADE 3

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Art & Crafts cont. Concept & Technique Development cont. hhCoil (coil tightening, coil loosening) ƒ ƒƒMaking a rectangular bag ƒTexture: wispy lines for fur, zig-zag lines for grass, curved/wiggly lines for bark and wood, cross-hatching for fur; texture observation hhGraduated, gradient, aerial perspective, depth, triarama of variety: yarn, paper, button, organic, soft and fuzzy, woodgrain; ƒƒVaried box-forming, contrast in pattern, form, contours, horn forming crumpling for wrinkled texture, pulled cotton for wool, dabbing/ hhHard edge and soft edge, scroll, egg shape sponging for spots, toothbrush spatter, fling spatter ƒƒMovable parts, paper sculpture, 3D crafting, structures, kirigami, ƒƒCommunication and Creativity: template ƒƒMaking choices, using resources ƒƒDesign and Organization: ƒƒCommunicating through order hhColor-determining process: block, observe; color-matching pro- hhCreating movement, creating expression cess: experiment, compare, determine, correct ƒƒCreating animated expressions based on evaluation hhSlipknot process, watercolor process ƒƒCommunicating through printing and form ƒƒOutlining, needlework stitches (running, back, cross-, overcast, hhCreating brand feather, French knot), initials, making-needle process, template ƒƒMood, self-expression ƒƒOrientation: horizontal, vertical, diagonal, radial (pattern), spiral, ƒ symmetry, pattern, using line shapes (curved, jagged, straight, ƒCreating pattern looping, zig-zag) hhEmphasis, practice and create lettering style ƒƒPattern (calico, gingham) ƒƒCommunicating through sponging hhImprint ƒƒCreating an original likeness, autograph ƒƒLine type (dashed, dotted), visual texture (wiggly, jagged, zig-zag ƒƒChoosing subject, communicating through visual textures lines for wood grain), short curved for rope; brand ƒƒCollaborative hhOne-point perspective (horizon line, vanishing point), lettering ƒƒSolving problems (manuscript, stroke, block letter, block-lettering process), trace, ƒƒCommunicating through creative sculpting techniques space, paper stretching ƒƒUnique patterns and colors hhBraiding ƒƒCommunicating through simplifying ƒƒStroke, downstroke, weighted, double line, lettering process, letter- hhCreating maze ing styles, serif, script, flourish, swash, sponging layers ƒƒAppreciation & Evaluation: ƒ ƒSymmetry, balance, proportion, observation, texture (hair, cloth- ƒƒObserving color ing), detailing ƒƒAppreciation: God’s Earth hhGlue spreading, scissor-edge cutting hhObserving quality craftmanship ƒƒSubject ƒƒStudying animated expressions: thrilled, worried, mad, dizzy, afraid hhArt Process: quick inspiration, careful planning, quick analysis & ƒƒCalico, gingham correction, careful execution: brainstorm; thumbnail; value sketch; color study; texture (foliage) ƒƒObserving nature, evaluating quality and worth, give as gift hh hhTransparent, plaid, opaque, pattern (geometric—striped, shadow Culture of American West, display stripe, plaid, gingham, polka dot, chevron, check/checkered, hhKumihimo, Japanese culture, lettering examples argyle; organic—flower, scroll, leaf, splat, calico, paisley) ƒƒSelf-observation from life, comparing family features ƒƒOdd-numbered items, unity, grid, poster, mural ƒƒProblem solving, analyze, critique, emotion (joy, awe, excitement), ƒƒComposition, foreground exhibit, collaborate ƒƒLine types (scallop) hhJessie Willcox Smith (Little Bo Peep, Little Women) Brian Jekel hhHorizon line, perspective, ellipse (Crucifixion, Resurrection, Christian Soldier) ƒƒStylus, forming, indent hhJewish culture, colors, and pattern hh hhColoring over cardboard for horn texture Predicting color combinations hhPaint-by-number process, simplifying, brush control

65 GRADE 4

Language Arts: Reading

4c 4c An outstanding variety of children’s literature from famous classics to modern selections encourages young readers to come back for more. These beautiful new readers with colorful art and designs will entertain students while deepening their understanding of the written word. With an emphasis on liter- ary elements and concepts, students will grow in their ability to think critically while establishing and developing the foundation for a biblical worldview.

4b 4b Fourth graders will grow in their ability to read for learning and gain independence through the use of ´Awx!a¨ abeka.com 33878801 character analysis, setting and plot charting, text structure analysis, and many other activities including creative writing. Literary Value Materials ƒƒ86 authors, including such well- Little, “Down the Rabbit Hole” from Alice’s ƒƒReaders (6) compilations containing

4 j 4 j known writers as Lewis Carroll, Adventures in Wonderland, “Keeping stories (97), poems (57), plays (3), ´CsG!/¨ abeka.com 35833901 Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert House” from On the Banks of Plum Creek, recipes (3), crafts (2), science Lawson, Robert Frost, Aileen “When God Knew Best” from Grandma’s demonstrations (2) Fisher, Arleta Richardson, A. A Attic, “Wilbur Meets Charlotte” from ƒƒNovels (Christian historical fiction and Milne, Hans Christian Anderson, Charlotte’s Web, “Captain Cook” from Christian classic allegory) E. B. White, Laura Ingalls Wilder Mr. Popper’s Penguins ƒƒReading Comprehension 4 skill sheets ƒƒSelections and adaptations from ƒƒCharacter-building themes such as con- ƒ ´Ay7!p¨ ƒBible for Scripture reading abeka.com 33892301 children’s literature such as “A tentment, optimism, generosity, forgive- Narrow Escape” from Stuart ness, honesty, kindness, perseverance and service

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development ƒƒPrompts for creative writing ƒƒRead orally and silently with comprehension hhUnderstanding acts/scenes within a play ƒƒStrive for increasing: accuracy, fluency, phrasing, alertness to punc- ƒƒComparing biography/autobiography tuation, expression, appropriate speed, comprehension, volume, hhAnalyzing, making inferences and drawing conclusions from poise descriptive and persuasive text ƒƒVocabulary Development through words and definitions hhProviding evidence from text to support analysis ƒƒDevelopment of understanding literary types, terms, and concepts ƒƒDiscerning author’s intent ƒƒExercise critical thinking through inference, evaluation, analyzation, hhWriting narrative, descriptive, compare/contrast, problem/solution, and personal application—using fact and reasoning in the develop- cause/effect informative selections ment of a biblical worldview hhRecognizing themes in literature Literary Concept Development hhRecognizing and implementing good creative writing techniques ƒƒUnderstanding and applying literary concepts: title, author, charac- Readers ter, main character, plot, setting, moral, main idea, stanza, summary, ƒƒOnce Upon a Story—14 stories, 12 poems, 1 hymn, with a fanciful symbolism, climax, autobiography, biography, fiction, non-fiction, theme including BUILD ON IT concepts, reviewing title, author, main act, scene, simile character, setting, plot, moral, main idea, fiction/nonfiction, simile, ƒƒSummarizing plot symbolism, summary, introducing literary concept—narrative text ƒƒComparing works of the same author structure, point of view; Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Think ƒƒComparing similar works from different authors It Through—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/ discussion questions; What Can YOU Do? activities; What Would ƒƒPredicting endings YOU Do? activities including creative ideas for helping others; ƒƒDiscerning fact from opinion author/background information prompts, as well as literary type ƒƒIntroducing and utilizing literary concepts—dialogue, excerpt, infer- prompts for explanation of terms; story and Christian character ence, point of view, idiom, narrator, rhyme scheme, meter, repetition, themes; silent reading selections; illustration and photo observa- dialect, metaphor, drama, cast, and stage directions tions; additional enrichment activities include predicting an ending, ƒƒRecognizing and analyzing text structures—narrative, informative, audio/video demonstrations, creative drawing and writing, charting sequential, descriptive, problem/solution, compare/contrast, cause/ comparisons, Venn diagrams, charting cause/effect, visual aids, effect creative collaboration; biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, ƒƒDetermining point of view—first and third person critical thinking discussions and activities noted by icon, challenging ƒƒAnalyzing characters and setting vocabulary and definitions listed at bottom pages of stories; BUILD ƒƒRecognizing genres: realistic fiction, historical fiction, fantasy, bio- ON IT literary concept activities: drawing the setting, creative col- graphical stories including autobiographies, folktales, fables, legends, laboration, writing from different points of view, identifying narrative fairy tales, parables, Scripture text structures; graphic organizers challenging character analysis, comparing and contrasting with Venn Diagrams ƒƒDistinguishing fantasy from reality ƒƒ —20 stories, 9 poems, 2 crafts, 1 hymn, Scripture read- ƒƒCharting information: word webs, Venn diagrams, compare/con- In His Hands ing, 1 recipe, missionary moment highlights in a variety of styles and trast, predict possible outcomes literature types with an around the world theme including descrip- hhCreative collaboration activities for developing critical thinking tive/persuasive selections and Scripture selections; BUILD ON IT ƒƒAnalyzing illustration and photo concepts reviewing skills in recognizing problem solution and cause/ ƒƒInterpreting figurative language Reading cont. p. 67 66 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Reading cont. effect in narrative text; challenging vocabulary and definitions listed ential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; What at bottom pages of stories; introducing literary concept—Descriptive Can YOU Do? activities, What Would YOU Do? activities; The Author’s and Sequential text structure; Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Pen to highlight creative writing techniques; story and Christian Think It Through—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen- character themes; silent reading selections; interesting informational sion/discussion questions; What Can YOU Do? activities, What Would facts; illustration and photo observations; additional enrichment YOU Do? activities including creative ideas for helping others; author activities; biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, critical think- and historical background information prompts, as well as literary ing discussions and activities noted by icon; BUILD ON IT literary con- type prompts for explanation of terms; story and Christian character cepts activities; story map, identifying/explaining metaphors, create themes; silent reading selections; interesting informational facts; your own cast, creative writing using imagery, Venn diagram illustration and photo observations; A World of Words introduces ƒƒPilgrim’s Progress: Christiana’s Journey—a 14-chapter simplified international words/phrases and their meanings with free audio allegory, the sequel to Pilgrim’s Progress: Christian’s Journey; fol- download; additional enrichment activities include bulletin board lows Christiana, Christian’s wife as she journeys with her family and project, game, creative writing; biblical worldview discussions noted friend to the Celestial City; includes advanced vocabulary words and by icons, critical thinking discussions and activities noted by icon; definitions for vocabulary enrichment, map, the Pilgrim’s Journey, BUILD ON IT literary concept activities: writing a narrative, writing a Background Information from Christian’s Journey, book report descriptive paragraph; creative collaboration, character analysis, preparation activities; Bible application; story and Christian char- graphic organizers including charting plot and climax, comparing acter themes; factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/ and contrasting with Venn Diagrams discussion questions; additional enrichment activities; Bible applica- ƒƒSong of the Brook—a 15-chapter Christian historical fiction novel, tion, biblical worldview application and critical thinking discussions; the sequel to Secret in the Maple Tree; reconnect with Hilda and Journal to record locations of events, characters, and lessons Chris- her family as they adjust to life in their new home in Washington tiana learned with correlating scriptural evidence state; with the overall theme, “The Best Is Yet to Come”; includes ƒƒGifts and Gadgets—17 stories, 12 poems, 2 newspaper articles, 2 sci- advanced vocabulary words and definitions for vocabulary enrich- ence demonstrations, highlighting a variety of styles and literature ment; reviews literary concepts—main character, plot, moral, sum- types with a scientific theme of inventions and innovative ideas to mary, setting, title, author; review activities for character analysis help improve everyday life, including a focus on the greatest Cre- and chapter summarization skills in preparation for book report; ator, highlighting some unusual creatures within His creation; Flash Bible application, biblical worldview application and critical thinking Forward modern invention feature; challenging vocabulary and discussions; story and Christian character themes; chapter reviews definitions listed in stories at bottom of pages; BUILD ON IT literary including factual inferential and interpretive comprehension/discus- concepts highlighting biography, and autobiography; introducing sion questions; additional enrichment activities; graphic organizers first- and third-person point of view and problem and solution text including cause/effect charting, character descriptions, predict an structure; The Author’s Pen to highlight creative writing techniques; ending story and Christian character themes; silent reading selections; inter- ƒƒRoad Trip East—21 stories, 11 poems, 1 recipe, 1 hymn, 1 newspaper esting informational facts; illustration and photo observations; Think article, 2 author highlight pages, 1 Scripture reading, highlighting a About It, What DO YOU Think?, Think It Through—factual, inferential, variety of styles and literature types with a road trip theme travel- and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; What Can ing the eastern United States featuring a fictional family named the YOU Do? activities; What Would YOU Do? activities including creative Jacksons; challenging vocabulary and definitions listed in stories ideas for helping others; author and historical background informa- at bottom of pages, BUILD ON IT concepts reviewing descriptive/ tion prompts, as well as literary type prompts for explanation of sequential text structure, biography, introducing poetry elements, terms; additional enrichment activities include map, game, creative repetition, rhyme scheme, meter, and compare/contrast text struc- writing, biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, critical thinking ture; Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Think It Through—factual, discussions and activities noted by icon; BUILD ON IT literary concept inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; activities: problem solution creative writing, problem solution graphic What Can YOU Do? activities, What Would YOU Do? activities organizers for creative collaboration including creative ideas for helping others; author and historical ƒƒRoad Trip West—25 stories, 13 poems, 1 recipe, 1 author highlight background information prompts, as well as literary type prompts page, 1 Scripture reading, highlighting a variety of styles and litera- for explanation of terms; introducing The Author’s Pen to highlight ture types featuring a road trip theme traveling the western United creative writing techniques; story and Christian character themes; States featuring a fictional family named the Daniels; challenging silent reading selections; interesting informational facts; illustra- vocabulary and definitions listed in stories at bottom of pages; BUILD tion and photo observations; Track My Trip for added geographical ON IT literary concepts introducing dialect and cause/effect text information; additional enrichment activities include map, game, structure; Track My Trip for added geographical information; Think creative writing, biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, critical About It, What DO YOU Think? Think It Through—factual, inferential, thinking discussions and activities noted by icon; BUILD ON IT liter- and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; What Can ary concept activities: writing a rhyming poem, writing a compare YOU Do? activities, What Would YOU Do? activities including creative contrast informative story, creative collaboration, graphic organizers ideas for helping others; author and historical background informa- including charting cause/effect and problem/solution, comparing tion prompts, as well as literary type prompts for explanation of and contrasting topics from informative texts, character analysis terms; The Author’s Pen to highlight creative writing techniques, story ƒƒFables and Folktales—17 stories, 12 poems, 2 plays, 2 Scripture and Christian character themes; silent reading selections; interesting readings, highlighting a variety of folk literature including fairy tales, informational facts; illustration and photo observations; additional fables, legends retold through poetry and riddle; challenging vocab- enrichment activities; BUILD ON IT literary concepts include: creative ulary and definitions listed in stories at bottom of pages, as well as collaboration, charting cause/effect and problem/solution, compar- expanding knowledge of literary concepts including imagery, idiom, ing and contrasting topics from informative texts, writing a cause/ fable, folktale, parable, legend; BUILD ON IT concepts reviewing act effect informative story and scene, introducing metaphor, meter, cast, and stage directions; Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Think It Through—factual, infer-

Reading cont. p. 68 67 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Reading cont. ƒƒReading Comprehension 4—collection of 43 science articles, short Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis stories, historical informative selections, assessment pages for Skills Development recall, application, evaluation, and analysis for thinking and problem ƒ solving; including index of Literary Application of Concepts: main ƒAnswer factual and interpretive for most stories, poems, and other idea, details, character analysis, author purpose, mood, theme, selections moral, point of view, visualization, setting, prediction, text evidence, ƒƒAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most sequence, inference, fact/opinion, foreshadow, context clues, text stories and poems structure, idiom, dialect, hyperbole, story elements, dialogue, shades ƒƒSummarize selected readings of meaning ƒƒApply understanding of literary types, terms, and concepts ƒƒAdventures in Other Lands—28 timed narrative and informative selections with an international theme; 28 quizzes to access com- prehension and speed; 1 game to chart personal progress (while analyzing scores, students can determine their best reading rate to achieve optimal accuracy in comprehension); quiz key

Language Arts: Language The work-text God’s Gift of Language 4 gives students the tools neces- Added Enrichment sary to become effective communicators. Through a variety of practice Fourth Edition ƒƒFour themes (how things work, unusual ani- exercises in both grammar and writing, students continue building on the mals, countries of the world, fine arts) foundational language concepts learned in third grade. Fourth graders ƒƒGlossary section of language terms will expand their understanding and knowledge of English as they apply ƒƒWriting section including graphic organizers the following concepts: sentence structure and writing style; identifying for historical essay, book report forms and correctly using all eight parts of speech including action, helping, ƒƒDedicated homework section being, and linking verbs; identifying sentence patterns; subject-verb ƒ agreement including contractions and irregular verbs; punctuation rules ƒTake 5! review mini-quizzes including commas, periods, colons, quotation marks, and underlining; ƒƒContinual spiral review and application of capitalization rules; and proofreader’s marks. previously taught material

Correlating with both Writing with Purpose 4 and the Reading 4 pro- Evaluation gram, God’s Gift of Language 4 allows students to translate grammar ƒƒBook reports (4) and mechanics skills into effective communication through writing ƒƒHistorical essay applications appropriately spaced throughout the year. Students learn ƒƒWeekly quizzes (33) paragraph structure, summarization skills, cause/effect, inference, and ƒƒBiweekly tests (17) persuasive writing (fact/opinion), as well as complete book reports (4), ƒƒAll quizzes and tests are included in God’s and a five-paragraph historical essay. Gift of Language 4 Quizzes and Tests

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒAfter names of people you are speaking to (direct address) ƒƒCapitalization ƒƒSeparate town or city from state ƒƒFirst word in every sentence ƒƒSeparate words or groups of words in a series ƒƒDays of the week and months of the year (not seasons) ƒƒSeparate parts of a date ƒƒHolidays/special days ƒƒAfter the greeting and closing of a friendly letter ƒƒNames referring to God and the Bible ƒƒApostrophes ƒ ƒƒNames, titles of respect, the word I, family titles used as names ƒIn contractions ƒƒCities, countries, rivers, oceans, map locations ƒƒWith s to make a singular possessive ƒƒFirst word and every important word in titles hhWith s or single apostrophe to make a plural possessive h hhFirst word of direct quotations hColon ƒƒPunctuation hhBetween chapter/verse of Scripture reference ƒƒPeriods ƒƒBetween hour/minute of written time ƒƒAt end of most sentences hhUnderline ƒƒAfter initials/titles of respect hhTitles of books, newspapers, magazines, plays, works of art ƒƒAfter abbreviations hhNames of ships, planes, trains ƒƒQuestion marks at end of interrogative sentences ƒƒSentences ƒƒExclamation points at end of exclamatory sentences ƒƒRecognize ƒƒQuotation marks ƒƒComplete sentences ƒƒBefore and after a direct quotation ƒƒKinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative hhAround titles of short stories, poems, songs, articles ƒƒRun-on sentences ƒƒCommas hhRun-together sentences (corrected using introductory words/ ƒƒAfter yes or no at beginning of sentence commas) Language cont. p. 69 68 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language cont. Grammar cont. ƒƒAnswer How, When, How often, Where ƒƒComplete subject and predicate hhAvoiding double negatives ƒƒSimple subject and verb (including within contractions, impera- hhDegrees of comparison tive/interrogative sentences) hhDifferentiating good/well ƒƒSubject-verb agreement (including compound subjects, helping ƒƒDiagram verbs/contractions) ƒƒConjunctions ƒƒDiagramming ƒƒDefine and identify ƒƒSubject/verb (including compound) ƒƒand, or, but, for, yet ƒƒAdjectives ƒƒDiagram in compound subjects/verbs, ƒƒAdverbs hhDiagram in compound modifiers/compliments ƒƒConjunctions hhPrepositions hhSentence patterns (S, AV, DO) (S, LV, PA) (S, LV, PN) hhIdentify 30 hhCompound sentences hhPrepositional phrase ƒƒContractions hhObject of preposition ƒƒSubject-verb agreement within contractions hhDifferentiating preposition/adverb hhAvoiding double negatives hhInterjections ƒƒParts of Speech hhCorrect usage ƒƒVerbs hhPunctuation rules (exclamation point, comma) ƒƒPast, present, future tense hhRelated capitalization ƒƒAction (with direct objects) ƒƒWord study and diction: ƒƒCompound verbs/verb phrases ƒƒContractions (34) hhState of being ƒƒTroublesome words ƒƒHelping ƒƒCorrect usage: There/Their/They’re, Your/You’re, Its/It’s ƒƒIrregular verbs (past, present, need helping verbs) hhaccept/except, affect/effect, beside/besides, between/among, hhLinking verbs (predicate adjective/predicate nominative) burst/bust, have/of, less/fewer, off of/off, to/and, wait on/wait ƒƒWord usage for ƒƒmay/can, teach/learn, take/bring hhUse negatives correctly ƒ ƒƒlie/lay, sit/set ƒHomonyms/Antonyms ƒƒTransition words/Introductory words hhshould/would/could ƒƒSingular/Plural ƒƒDictionary skills ƒƒPlural spelling rules ƒƒAlphabetical order ƒƒDiagram ƒƒGuide words, pronunciation, meaning, spelling, part of speech ƒƒNouns ƒƒThesaurus skills ƒƒSingular/Plural ƒƒSynonyms ƒƒPlural spelling rules Composition ƒ ƒIrregular plural nouns ƒƒWriting sentences using an assigned word or topic ƒ ƒCommon/Proper ƒƒCorrecting fragments ƒ ƒCompound ƒƒCorrecting run-on/run-together sentences ƒ ƒPossessive (plural possessives) ƒƒCompound sentences ƒƒDiagram (subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects) hhComplex sentences ƒ ƒPronouns ƒƒCorrecting choppy style by combining short sentences ƒƒDefine and identify hhCorrecting stringy style by dividing long sentences ƒ ƒIdentify antecedents ƒƒUsing proofreader’s marks for insert, capitalize, lowercase, delete, hhPronoun-antecedent agreement (number/person) spelling error hhCase: subjective/objective/possessive ƒƒWriting hhCompound ƒƒUsing graphic organizers to identify/organize topics and main ƒƒAdjectives points ƒƒAnswer What kind, How many, Which one, Whose, and How ƒƒIn given paragraph/story/article much ƒƒIn researched/original topic to write paragraph ƒƒPossessive adjectives (nouns/pronouns) ƒƒComparison/Contrast ƒƒArticles ƒƒCause/Effect hhProper adjectives ƒƒFact/Opinion hhDegrees of comparison ƒƒWord/Character hhPredicate adjectives ƒƒBook reports (4) hhDifferentiating good / well ƒƒAllegory ƒƒDiagram (modify subject/other nouns, compound, predicate ƒƒChristian fiction adjectives) ƒƒBiography (choice) ƒ ƒAdverbs ƒƒFiction (choice) ƒ ƒModify verbs ƒƒNon-fiction (choice) Language cont. p. 70 69 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language cont. Composition cont. ƒƒSummarizing ƒƒFacts/Opinions (persuasive paragraph) ƒƒHistorical text (non-climactic) ƒƒTopic/Concluding sentences ƒƒInformative text (science) ƒƒCause/Effect ƒƒNarrative text ƒƒTime order words hhHistorical Essay (5 paragraphs): Using the Writing Process ƒƒParts of a friendly letter, including addressing envelope hhResearch/organize using graphic organizer for each paragraph hhIntroductory/Concluding paragraphs hhWrite rough drafts; check/polish, compile, rewrite

Language Arts: Penmanship/Creative Writing Penmanship: Writing with Purpose 4 contains exercises designed to Added Enrichment give fourth graders daily instruction and practice in developing their ƒƒCorrelates with Writing Process taught in penmanship skills. Emphasis is placed on neatness and correct letter Language 4 formation through daily practice. Students will benefit from character ƒƒDecorative writing collection building themes and thought-provoking questions through histori- ƒƒOptional collaborative projects cal biographies and weekly Word Craft activities. Each activity is ƒƒExtra practice for penmanship review during designed to promote thinking skills, creativity, and class discussion. creative writing focus Activities include the following: name acrostic, idioms, creating a party ƒ menu, and completing a boarding pass and passport information. ƒOptional activities for additional creative writ- ing opportunities Creative Writing: Beginning in lesson 87, students apply effective com- ƒƒWord Craft activities munication skills as writing class focuses pri­marily on creative writing. ƒƒAdditional writing exercises included in A variety of creative writing topics will challenge students' thinking Language, Reading, History, Science, and skills, enhance imagination, and prepare students to be skilled writers. Health Evaluation ƒƒTests (33) ƒƒCreative Writing selections (5-optional)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development Creative Writing ƒƒHandwriting ƒƒReviewing and enhancing the writing process: read and gather, think ƒƒAchieve good writing position: and plan, write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results ƒƒSitting properly in desk ƒƒUse proper punctuation and capitalization ƒƒHolding pencil correctly ƒƒOrganize main ideas into graphic organizers ƒƒSlanting paper correctly ƒƒWriting topic/concluding sentences ƒƒReviewing correct formation of all lower- and uppercase letters ƒƒConstructing paragraphs and numbers hhState history reports correlating with History project My State Note- ƒƒWriting skills for a good overall appearance: book: ƒƒForming difficult letters correctly hhState symbol ƒƒPlacing letter correctly on lines hhCultural heritage ƒƒWriting with consistent spacing between letter and words hhVacation spot ƒƒSlanting letters properly hhInteresting facts ƒƒMaking smooth connections between letters and difficult letters ƒƒDeveloping stories using suggested topics ƒƒUsing key strokes: wave, loop, oval, mountain ƒƒWriting a process summary using time-order words ƒƒWriting using ¾ spacing on wide ruled paper hhMulti-paragraph research reports ƒƒWriting using consistent letter size ƒƒWriting a persuasive letter ƒƒDemonstrate ability to copy from print to cursive ƒƒWriting an original play hhHistorical biographies with inspirational/character building hhCollaborative project: The Island of quotes hhDesign island symbols (map, flag, seal) hhCharacteristics of citizenship, laws hhAcceptance speech hhIsland website hhTravel brochure

Penmanship/Creative Writing cont. p. 71 70 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Penmanship/Creative Writing cont.

ƒƒCreative writing collection hhState history research paragraphs ƒƒGuided research reports hhBiographical historical report on state figure ƒƒPicture writing prompts hhBiographical scientist report ƒƒStory starters ƒƒ“How to” step-by-step process ƒƒStories with alternate endings ƒƒPlay: setting, narration, and dialogue ƒƒDemonstrating comprehension by engaging in class discussion hhShape poems ƒƒCompositions include these topics: hhLiterary emphasis lessons correlating with Charlotte’s Web ƒƒImaginative pieces hhCompare/Contrast of two and three item

Language Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry

Spelling, Vocabulary, and Poetry 4 applies the skills of effective communication by teaching how spelling “works,” exam- ining words while applying spelling patterns and phonics. Lists integrate words from everyday life and words from other academic subjects. Words are arranged into four sections: Spelling Rule, Phonics Focus, Vocabulary Words, and Challenge Words. Students will build spelling and vocabulary skills by completing a variety of activities as well as expand spelling knowledge beyond the spelling list. Opportunities to develop a biblical worldview are provided as each list begins with A Word to Live By: a Bible verse and character trait related to a spelling or vocabulary word.

Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒSpelling and vocabulary: ƒƒQuick-reference spelling rules in text ƒƒPoetry ƒƒSpelling tests (34) ƒƒSpelling lists (34) including 4 ƒƒOrganized by spelling and phonetic ƒƒPoetry section includes: review lists patterns ƒƒIntroduction to each poem ƒƒTotal words (836) ƒƒBuild on previous concepts ƒƒVocabulary words to know ƒƒVocabulary words and defini- ƒƒReinforce new concepts ƒƒComprehension questions and tions (136) ƒƒTeacher Resources: critical thinking questions ƒƒPractice Activities (139) ƒƒScope and sequence ƒƒDiscussion Starters ƒƒSpelling Bridges Applications ƒƒSentence banks ƒƒEnrichment ideas (34) ƒƒTeaching Tips ƒƒLiterary terms ƒƒSpelling Games (19) ƒƒSpelling Hints ƒƒBiblical worldview ƒƒCharacter-building Bible verses ƒƒDiscussion Starters ƒƒDTAs available to enrich interpreta- ƒƒDTAs available for spelling practice and tion and appreciation review

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling and Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒHearing spelling and vocabulary words in example sentence, in order to clearly understand each word’s meaning; differentiate ƒƒMaster spelling lists including: between sound-alike words ƒƒWords arranged according to patterns ƒƒCompound words Learn Spelling Rules: ƒƒCapitalized words ƒƒi before e except after c ƒƒAbbreviations hhi before e except after c or when sounded like a as in neighbor and ƒƒPrefixes weigh ƒƒSuffixes ƒƒThere are some exceptions to the “i before e except after c rule” ƒƒRoot words hhDouble the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel if ƒƒDouble consonants (1) the word has only one syllable or is accented on the last syllable ƒƒApplying spelling and vocabulary words correctly to complete and (2) the word ends in a single consonant preceded by a vowel. sentences and paragraphs ƒƒWhen a root word ends in a consonant and a y, change the y to i before adding a suffix unless it begins with an . hhMemorize vocabulary definitions i ƒ ƒƒCommonly misspelled words ƒWhen a root word ends in a consonant and a y, change the y to i before adding a suffix unless it begins with an . ƒƒSyllable rules i ƒƒWhen a root word ends in a vowel and a , add the suffix. ƒƒFour review lists y hhDouble the final consonant in a one-syllable word only if the word ƒƒApplying spelling pattern concepts through daily: ends in one vowel and one consonant. Double the final consonant ƒƒTeacher-directed oral practice in a word of two or more syllables if the word ends in one vowel and ƒƒIndependent written practice one consonant and the final syllable is accented. ƒƒExercises and games that reinforce spelling skills hhUse a t for the ch sound when followed by u-r-e. hhExercises that reinforce learning hhSpelling Bridges to make application of acquired spelling skills Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont. p. 72 71 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont. Learn Spelling Rules: cont. hhThe sound er at the end of words can be spelled e-r, a-r, or o-r. ƒƒThe syllable can be pronounced or . The syllable hhIf a word has two or more syllables use c for the final k sound. p-r-e prĕ prē p-e-r can be pronounced pur or per. hhThe letter q is followed by u and at least one more vowel. hhThe short o sound can be spelled a-u. ƒƒWhen a root word ends in a silent e, keep the e if the suffix begins with a consonant. ƒƒThe letters g-h can be silent or say the f sound. hhThe letters and at the beginning of a word can sound alike. ƒƒWhen a root word ends in a silent e, drop the e if the suffix begins with d-e d-i a vowel. hhIn French words, the final t is silent. hhThe f sound can be spelled p-h, g-h, or f. hhLong u can be spelled u-e, e-w, u_e, and u. ƒƒThe singular and plural forms of some nouns are spelled the same. Worksheet Activities ƒ ƒThe plural form of nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh is formed by ƒƒIdentifying root words adding . –es ƒƒDividing words according to syllables ƒƒThe plural form of some nouns ending in or is formed by changing f fe ƒƒAlphabetizing to the third and fourth letter f or fe to v and adding -es. ƒƒIdentifying rhyming words hhThe suffixes –able and –ible say the same sound. ƒƒProofreading and using proofreader’s marks hhThe sh sound is sometimes spelled c-i at the beginning of any syl- ƒƒFinding the correct antonym and synonym lable except the first. ƒƒSolving puzzles using spelling words hhWhen ks sound is in the middle of a word, it is usually spelled with an ƒƒUsing spelling and vocabulary words to complete sentences x. ƒƒIdentifying variant spellings of the same sound hhWhen the long e sound comes before a final syllable beginning with a vowel, it is usually spelled with i. ƒƒDefining vocabulary words hhSome words contain unusual spellings ƒƒIdentifying homonyms ƒƒApplying spelling rules to complete words Learn Phonics Focus: ƒƒCreative writing with spelling and vocabulary words hhThe long a sound can be spelled a, a-i, e-a. ƒƒAdding suffixes correctly hhThe long e sound can be spelled e, e-e, e-a, e-o. ƒƒUsing words in biblical context hhWhen y comes at the end of a word, it usually says the long e sound. hhThe long o sound can be spelled, o, o-u-g-h, and o-a. Poetry Skills Development hhThe long i sound can be spelled with a y. hhMemorize 8 lyrical poems ƒƒThe sound aw in saw can be spelled a-u, a-u-g-h, and a-l. ƒƒDevelop appreciation of poetry ƒƒThe sound oo in tooth can also be spelled u. hhIntroduce personification, rhyme scheme, imagery, onomatopoeia, and other literary terms. ƒƒThe sound ow in owl can also be spelled o-u. ƒƒWords containing silent consonants ƒƒPerform before an audience ƒƒRecite in unison hhThe short sound of i can be spelled with a y. ƒƒDevelop appropriate expression and volume ƒƒThe sound sion in missionary is spelled sion even as a suffix. ƒƒLearn the meanings of new and unfamiliar words ƒƒThe sound ar in stars can be spelled a-r. ƒƒImprove comprehension through discussion hhWhen c comes before e, i, or y, it says the s sound. hhCritical thinking questions to stimulate reasoning hhWhen g comes before e, i, or y, it says j. hhDiscussion Starters to facilitate biblical application ƒƒThe sound tion in nation is spelled t-i-o-n. hhEnrichment ideas to generate interest in the message of the poem ƒƒThe spelling o-u-g-h represents many sounds. ƒƒThe letters a-r at the end of words with two or more syllables says er.

Arithmetic The colorful daily worksheets in Arithmetic 4 provide practice over familiar concepts and Evaluation new material. The four basic processes are taught and reviewed, as well as multiplying ƒƒ Biweekly quizzes (16) and dividing by two-digit numbers, estimation, square measures, writing decimals as ƒƒ Biweekly tests (17) fractions, and simple geometry. A major emphasis is on working with proper and improper ƒƒDaily skills development fractions; adding, subtracting, and multiplying fractions; and finding the least common exercises (136) denominator. Students will continue to solve multi-step word problems which encourage the application of concepts being learned.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒBasic rules for Roman numerals ƒƒPlace value: hhMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals ƒƒWhole numbers to the 100 millions place ƒƒNumber sentences: hhDecimals to the thousandths place ƒƒWith unknowns ƒƒWriting numbers from dictation to the 100 millions place ƒƒOrder of operations (parentheses) ƒƒRoman numerals: ƒƒValue of I, V, X, L, C, D, M Arithmetic cont. p. 73 72 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Numbers cont. hhFractions: ƒƒEven/odd numbers hhUsing cancellation hh hhEstimating: product, quotient, ­divisor Multiplying fractions with whole and mixed numbers hhEstimation of product Addition ƒƒAddition families 1–18: mixed order Division ƒ ƒƒTimed mastery ƒDivision facts: 1–12 tables ƒ ƒƒTerms: addend, sum ƒWord problems ƒ ƒƒMissing sign ƒSteps of division ƒƒTerms: dividend, divisor, quotient ƒƒWord problems ƒƒMissing sign ƒƒMoney ƒƒTimed mastery hhMental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers hhMental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication, addition, and subtraction up to 7 numbers ƒƒCarrying to any position ƒƒDivisor: 1 and 2 digits ƒƒChecking by addition ƒƒDividends: 2 and 3 digits or more ƒƒAddends: column addition ƒƒRemainders written as a fraction ƒƒAveraging ƒƒChecking by multiplication ƒƒFractions: ƒƒMoney ƒƒWith common denominators ƒƒAveraging hhWith uncommon denominators ƒƒNumber sentences: with unknowns; order of operations ƒ ƒMeasures (parentheses) hhDecimals hhEstimating quotients, divisors Subtraction hhDivisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 ƒƒSubtraction families 1–18: mixed order Fractions ƒƒTimed mastery ƒƒParts of a whole or group ƒƒMissing sign ƒƒWord problems hhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition, ƒƒTimed mastery multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers ƒƒTerms: numerator, denominator ƒ ƒWord problems ƒƒNumber words ƒ ƒTerms: minuend, subtrahend, difference ƒƒReading and writing fractions ƒƒBorrowing from a whole number or zero in any position ƒƒNumber line ƒƒMoney and measures ƒƒTypes: ƒƒNumber sentences: with unknowns, order of operations ƒƒProper, mixed, improper ƒ ƒChecking by addition hhWrite as whole or mixed number ƒƒFractions: ƒƒReducing: ƒƒWith common denominators ƒƒFinding least common ­denom­inator hhWith uncommon denominators ƒƒAnswers to lowest terms using greatest common factor hhDecimals ƒƒAddition: Multiplication ƒƒWith common denomi­nators ƒƒMultiplication facts: 0–12 tables hhWith uncommon denomi­nators ƒ ƒƒWord problems ƒSubtraction: ƒƒTimed mastery hhWith common and uncommon denomi­nators ƒƒTerms: factor, product, ­partial product hhWith borrowing ƒƒMissing sign hhMultiplication: hhUsing cancellation hhMental arithmetic: problems combining ­multiplication, division, addition and subtraction up to 7 numbers hhWith whole or mixed numbers ƒƒMultiplying with: ƒƒEquivalent fractions ƒƒ1 or 2 digits Decimals hh3 digits ƒƒMoney ƒƒCarrying hhDecimal point ƒƒChecking by reversing factors hhReading and writing: writing a decimal as a fraction ƒƒNumber sentences: with unknowns, order of operations ƒƒPlace value to the tenths, hundredths, thousandths places (parentheses) hhAddition and subtraction ƒƒMoney hhFactors: Problem Solving & Applications hhFactoring ƒƒWord Problems: hhFinding common factors and greatest common factor ƒƒSteps of problem-solving process ƒƒAddition, subtraction

Arithmetic cont. p. 74 73 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Problem Solving & Applications cont. hhDecagram, hectogram ƒƒMultiplication, division ƒƒKilogram ƒƒFractions, money, measures ƒƒCapacity: ƒƒFinding averages ƒƒEnglish: h hhDecimals hFluid ounce ƒƒGeometry: area, perimeter using formulas ƒƒCup, pint, quart, gallon ƒƒGraphs, clue words ƒƒPeck, bushel ƒƒ1, 2, and 3 steps hhTeaspoon, tablespoon ƒƒMixed operations ƒƒMetric: ƒƒEstimating answers hhMilliliter, centiliter, deciliter ƒ hhApplications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts: ƒLiter fractions, length, weight, graphs, ­geometry hhDecaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter ƒƒOrdering measures least to greatest Time ƒƒConverting from one ­measure to another within same system ƒƒTable of time: ƒƒSubtracting unlike measures within same system ƒƒSecond, minute, hour, day hhSquare measures: square inches, feet, and yards ƒƒWeek, year, leap year hhMetric prefixes: milli-, centi-, deci-, deca-, hecto-, kilo- hhDecade, score, century, millennium hhTimed mastery Money ƒƒKnow values of all coins Graphing, Statistics & Probability ƒƒStatistics: averaging ƒƒRecognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point) ƒƒGraphs: ƒƒMoney problems with mixed operations ƒ ƒƒMaking change ƒPictographs, bar graphs, scale drawings, line graphs ƒƒReading and completing hhCounting back change ƒƒFinding distance on scale drawings Measures ƒƒTemperature: Geometry ƒƒReading and writing ƒƒPlane figures: ƒƒTerms: degrees hhSimple closed curve, ­polygon ƒƒCelsius and Fahrenheit: ƒƒQuadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, ƒƒDetermining if a Celsius temperature is cold or hot trapezoid ƒƒFreezing and boiling points of water ƒƒTriangle ƒƒNormal body temperature ƒƒAngles: ƒƒLength: ƒƒRight ƒƒ English: inch, foot, yard, mile hhCongruent ƒƒMetric: hhLines: hhMillimeter hhLine segment, line, ray ƒƒCentimeter hhIntersecting lines hhDecimeter hhTerms: point, perpendicular, parallel ƒƒMeter hhPerimeter of a polygon: formulas for rectangle, square hhDecameter, hectometer, kilometer­ hhRecognize models and symbols: ƒƒWeight: hh• (point); — (line segment) ƒƒEnglish: ounce, pound, ton hh↔ (line); → (ray) ƒƒMetric: hh< (angle) hhMilligram, centigram hhConcept of area: finding area of rectangle, square hhDecigram ƒƒGram Pre-Algebra ƒƒFinding the unknown number in an equation

74 GRADE 4

History & Geography The History of Our United States is a high-interest, inspiring, narrative approach to American history. The lively writing style and outstanding visual features make the student’s first formal study of United States history a positive, enjoyable experience. As they learn how the United States of America came to be a nation, who its famous people have been, and what important events have taken place in its history, students learn to love, respect, defend, and protect their native land. Through this study of American history, students are given ideals to reach for and aspirations to follow. Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒChapters include: ƒƒSpecial feature boxes with in-depth ƒƒ Printed quizzes (29) ƒƒImportant new words, names, places, study (15): ƒƒ Homework quizzes (4) and dates ƒƒImportant U.S. leaders, inventors, and ƒƒ Tests (10) ƒƒMaps (14) and time lines (9) of impor- missionaries ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (4) tant dates of events ƒƒInteresting facts of the events in U.S. history ƒƒComprehension checks (53) ƒƒMy State Notebook for individual state study ƒƒChapter checkups (18) ƒƒMap Study Skills worksheets (47)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

U.S. History Study ƒƒThe Great Awakening: ƒƒYears of discovery: hhRevival, Jonathan Edwards, John Wesley, George Whitefield, ƒƒEurope explores New World David Brainerd ƒƒNorth America claimed for England ƒƒFrench & Indian War: ƒƒYears of exploration: ƒƒGeorge Washington: officer in colonial army hhSpain: conquest of Mexico, De Soto discovers Mississippi hhGeneral Edward Braddock: commander of English army hhFrance: Cartier explores New World, first French settlement in New hhNew France: land French claimed in New World World ƒƒAmerican War for Independence: hhEngland: Drake the Dragon, “sea dogs” ƒƒColonists demand their rights as Englishmen: ƒƒFirst Americans: ƒƒ Stamp Act, King George III ƒƒDifferences in American Indian homes, transportation, games ƒƒ Representatives, taxes hhMissionaries to American Indians: John Eliot, Roger Williams, John ƒƒ Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party Wesley ƒƒThe war begins: hhSequoya, Jim Thorpe ƒƒ First Continental Congress: decision to boycott English goods ƒƒEnglish come to America: ƒƒ “Minutemen” hhRoanoke, the lost colony ƒƒ Paul Revere ƒƒJamestown: first lasting colony ƒƒPatrick Henry, patriots, Loyalists, Tories ƒƒThe Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom ƒƒ Lexington, Concord ƒƒNew England Colonies: ƒƒThe American colonies fight for independence: hhMassachusetts Bay Colony: Puritans, religious freedom for some ƒƒ Second Continental Congress: decision to write Declaration hhRhode Island: religious freedom for all of ­Independence hhNew Hampshire: John Mason hhBattle of Bunker Hill hhConnecticut: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut hhEthan Allen, Green Mountain Boys, Hessians ƒƒMiddle and Southern Colonies: ƒƒDeclaration of Independence is written: ƒƒWho settled them: ƒƒThomas Jefferson hhNew York: Dutch, French, British ƒƒJohn Hancock: President of Second Continental Congress hhDelaware: Dutch, Swedish, English ƒƒThe war continues: hhNew Jersey: Dutch, English ƒƒ General George Washington: became commander in chief of ƒƒPennsylvania: colonial army hhSwedish hhNathan Hale, Betsy Ross ƒƒQuakers, William Penn hhAmerica wins its freedom: ƒƒVirginia: hhBattle of Saratoga ƒƒEnglish hhValley Forge hhHouse of ­Burgesses, elected representatives hhJohn Paul Jones, Lord ­Cornwallis hhMaryland: Catholic, religious freedom ƒƒYorktown hhThe Carolinas: England, Charles Towne, plantations ƒƒTreaty of Paris hhGeorgia: English, James Oglethorpe ƒƒBuilding a new nation: ƒƒColonial life: ƒƒArticles of Confederation hhHome: house-raising, homespun clothes ƒƒConstitutional Convention ƒƒCommunication: town criers, circuit-riding preachers ƒƒConstitution of the United States ƒƒEducation: ƒƒCongress, Supreme Court ƒƒ Hornbook, New England Primer hhBill of Rights, republic hhDame school, old-field schools, Harvard ƒƒGeorge Washington

History & Geography cont. p. 76 75 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont. U.S. History Study cont. ƒƒSpreading the Gospel: ƒƒWashington, D.C.: ƒƒBilly Sunday ƒƒBenjamin Banneker hhCharles Finney, Dwight L. Moody, Adoniram Judson ƒƒOur nation grows: hhSteel and oil (ingredients for success): Andrew Carnegie, Sir Henry Bessemer, John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil ƒƒAmerica pushes farther west: ƒƒInventions (new ways to do things): ƒƒDaniel Boone, Wilderness Road, Kentucky ƒƒPony Express hhNorthwest Territory hhSteamboat, telegraph, Morse code, telephone hhLand Ordinance of 1785 ƒƒ Thomas Edison hhNorthwest Ordinance of 1787 ƒ ƒƒUnited States doubles its size—Louisiana Purchase: ƒ Assembly line ƒ ƒƒCaptain Meriwether Lewis, Captain William Clark ƒOrville and Wilbur Wright ƒƒBeyond our boundaries: ƒƒWar of 1812: hhAlaska: Russian America, William H. Seward, territory, gold hhNapoleon Bonaparte hhHawaii: Captain James Cook ƒƒFrancis Scott Key ƒƒSpanish-American War: Cuba, Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Riders, ƒƒFort McHenry San Juan Hill, Guam, Puerto Rico ƒƒ“The Star-Spangled Banner” hhPanama Canal: Isthmus of Panama hhThe purchase of Florida: James Monroe ƒƒThe World Wars: hhThe Second Great Awakening: hhWorld War I (1914–1918): hhFrancis Asbury hhAllied Powers, Central Powers, neutral nations ƒƒCircuit-riding ­preachers; Peter Cartwright hhArchduke Ferdinand, President Woodrow Wilson hhThe U.S. gains the Southwest: hhGerman U-Boats, Lusitania, Zimmermann Note ƒƒAlamo, Santa Anna hhLeague of Nations ƒƒDavy Crockett, General Sam Houston hhBetween the World Wars: Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, hhWar with Mexico, Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase ­dictators arise hhThe great Gold Rush to California: John Sutter, “forty-niners,” ƒƒWorld War II (1939–1945): Poland, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Axis Powers, ­statehood Allies, Pearl Harbor, V-E Day, atomic bomb, concentration camps hhOregon Territory: Oregon Trail, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman hhContinuing World Problems: United Nations, Harry S. Truman, ƒƒNew schools and schoolbooks: ­Communism, Berlin Wall, Korean War ƒƒNoah Webster ƒƒTime for freedom and responsibility: hhWilliam H. McGuffey ƒƒFreedom and opportunity for all Americans: ƒƒThe Civil War: hhBrown v. Board of Education ƒƒBefore the war: ƒƒMartin Luther King, Jr. ƒƒNorth and South differ on slavery ƒƒCivil Rights Act of 1964 ƒƒAbraham Lincoln: President of Union ƒƒEnjoying America’s freedoms: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Interstate Jefferson Davis: President of Confederate States Highway System, beginning space program h hEli Whitney and cotton gin hhPreserving freedom: Cold War, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, ƒƒFree states, slave states Vietnam War, Richard Nixon hhMissouri Compromise hhReturn to patriotism and family values: Ronald Reagan, Reagan ƒƒCivil War: Doctrine, Grenada hhFort Sumter, blockade hhSupreme Court’s influence: Sandra Day O’Connor; Clarence Thomas; hhMerrimac and Monitor John G. Roberts, Jr. ƒƒEmancipation Proclamation hhTimes of testing: ƒƒUlysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee ƒƒSaddam Hussein, Iraq, Kuwait ƒƒBattle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address hhPresident George Bush, Operation Desert Storm, Bill Clinton ƒƒAppomattox Court House, Virginia ƒƒTerrorism, Osama bin Laden, “War on Terror” ƒƒAfter the war: hhOperation Iraqi Freedom ƒƒJohn Wilkes Booth: shot President Lincoln ƒƒHurricane Katrina hhAndrew Johnson: President after Lincoln died Memory Work ƒƒNew frontiers: hh6 documents: ƒƒRebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, hhThe American’s Creed George Washington Carver hhPortion of The Declaration of Independence ƒƒThe last frontier: hhPreamble to the Constitution ƒƒCowboys, Indians, farmers, reservations hhFirst Amendment to the ­Constitution ƒƒTranscontinental railroad, Union Pacific Company, ­Central Pacific Company hhThe Rights of Americans ƒƒPromontory Point, Utah; Homestead Act; Oklahoma Land Rush hhLincoln’s Gettysburg Address ƒƒStates hhCyrus McCormick ƒƒAge of progress: hhCapitals ƒƒA growing nation: immigrants hh44 U.S. Presidents

History & Geography cont. p. 77 76 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont. State History Study ƒƒNorth America: ƒ hh6 weeks of lessons including the following information: ƒGreat Lakes h hhPolitical and physical maps, flower, motto, bird, song, tree, flag, hSeas, bays, gulfs, rivers ­nickname, timeline, early settlement, hhCountries hhHistorical figures, landmarks, government, regions, weather, ƒƒMountains ­industries, state capital, my city, citizens, my county, wildlife, plant hhGeographical terms: source and mouth of river, delta, channel, life, sports, vacation spots canal, desert, oasis, downstream, upstream, sea level, altitude, moun- tain, valley Geography Study hhAtlas, physical and political maps ƒƒGlobes, maps, map key, map grid, distance scale, compass rose ƒƒU.S. maps: ƒƒCardinal and intermediate directions ƒƒStates ƒ ƒWestern and Eastern Hemispheres hhCapitals ƒƒContinents and oceans ƒƒ13 original colonies; U.S. expansion ƒƒEquator

Science Understanding God’s World fascinates elementary students from the very begin- Additional Helps ning by presenting things that they can see, observe, and understand in the world ƒƒAdditional activities (5) around them. They learn how to make an insect zoo, how to recognize the plants ƒƒ CD with 10 related nature stories they see every day, how to attract birds to their own backyard, how to use field ƒƒSuggested DVDs (5) guides, how to interpret cloud formations, and how to identify rocks. Students learn ƒ to appreciate many aspects of God’s creative genius by studying the miracle of ƒWorksheets in Activity Book (44) plant germination, the causes of weather, the God-given provisions for life on Evaluation earth, the design of the starry heavens, and the ecology of the ocean depths. ƒƒPrinted quizzes (23) ƒƒHomework quizzes (3) ƒƒChapter tests (6) ƒƒ9-weeks exam (3)  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Science: Let’s Find Out hhCrickets and grasshoppers: incomplete metamorphosis, differences ƒƒLearning about science: what a scientist is, what scientists do hhInsects’ defense: fighting, chemical warfare, scare tactics, disguises ƒƒLearning how to observe: hhInsects communicate: sight, smell, dancing, touch, sound h hhObserving North American birds and flowers: hWhere insects live: trees, bushes, soil, wood, water h hhState bird project: 25 birds memorized hDwellings of social insects: nests, hives, mounds h hhCanadian floral emblems project: hJean Henri Fabre: explorer of backyard wonders hh13 provincial floral emblems memorized Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒObserving insect life Insects ƒƒGrowing plants from seeds ƒƒTen million designs: ƒƒMaking an insect zoo ƒƒCharacteristics: ƒƒInvertebrate (has an exoskeleton) Plants ƒƒThree body parts: head, thorax, abdomen ƒƒDesigned to produce: hhOvipositor ƒƒFood (photosynthesis), better air ƒƒBreathing tubes; spiracles hhBetter soil ƒƒInsect zoo: hhNeedleleaf trees: evergreen, conifers ƒƒMaking a zoo hhBroadleaf trees and palms: deciduous, state trees hhDistinguishing butterflies from moths hhFlowers: parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamens, pistils), ƒƒInsect life cycles: pollinators, weeds, daisy (composite) family flowers ƒƒComplete metamorphosis hhSeed design: embryo, cotyledon ƒ hhLaw of biogenesis ƒTraveling seeds: air, wind, water, animals, people ƒƒDesigner heads: ƒƒGermination: water, oxygen, right temperature hh hhAntennae with sensilla Poisonous plants ƒƒCompound and simple eyes ƒƒPlants: helpful and beautiful ƒ hhMouth parts ƒGeorge Washington Carver: the plant doctor ƒƒDesigned for motion: Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒLegs ƒƒObserving three parts of a seed in lima beans; observing ­germination hhTypes of wings hhMigration

Science cont. p. 78 77 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Birds hhHigh and low sounds: frequency ƒƒBirds in your backyard hhSounds that bounce back: echoes, ultrasound, sonar ƒƒRecognizing birds: appearance, behavior, habitat hhPreserving sound: phonograph, stereo ƒ hhFeeding birds: how, what, when ƒAlexander Graham Bell: ­inventor of the telephone hhMaking birdbaths and birdhouses Activities & Demonstrations: hhBirds of the forest hhObserving: ƒƒDesigner birds: various beaks and feet hhHow sound travels ƒƒDesigned for flight: hhSound vibrations ƒƒBones and feather structure; lift hhDemonstrating: hhSeeing, hearing hhFrequency hhJack Miner Bird Sanctuary hhHigh and low sounds Activities & Demonstrations: hhObserving how energy bounces h hhObserving lift hHearing the difference in sound h hhMaking a birdbath hLearning some of the signs in the American manual alphabet ƒ hhBuilding a bird feeder and birdhouse ƒMaking a tin-can telephone Matter: Water, Air & Weather Geology ƒ hhGod’s gift of water (clouds): cirrus, cumulus, stratus ƒOur home, the earth: ƒ hhWater for life: ƒSphere, hemispheres ƒƒWater is matter: ƒƒNorth Pole, South Pole, equator ƒ hhMolecules and atoms, hydrogen and oxygen ƒEarth’s motion: ƒƒThree states of water: water, steam, ice ƒƒEarth rotates, revolves ƒƒWater changes state ƒƒSeasons ƒƒWater’s energy: ƒƒOceans and continents: ƒƒEnergy and force defined ƒƒFacts about oceans and continents ƒ hhPotential energy, moving energy ƒEarth, a magnet ƒƒThe atmosphere (an ocean of air): ƒƒSoil’s ingredients: ƒƒGases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen ƒƒHumus ƒƒLayers of air ƒƒMinerals ƒƒAir’s weight and pressure ƒƒLayers of soil: topsoil, subsoil ƒƒWind (moving air): ƒƒThe earth’s crust ƒƒTemperature ƒƒWater and soil: ƒ hhPressure, energy ƒErosion ƒƒWater in air: water cycle ƒƒConservation ƒƒCondensation and precipitation: hhWater as a builder h hhDew, frost hFloods ƒƒKinds of precipitation hhRocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic hhClouds: types and combination types of clouds Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒWeather forecasting: meteorologist, predicting weather hhMeasuring the earth hhRobert Boyle: father of chemistry hhLooking at the cause of day and night Activities & Demonstrations: hhLearning why winter is cold ƒƒObserving: hhMaking crystals, a compass, a rock collection hhSurface tension and dissolving substances Oceanography hhHow a water wheel works ƒƒPaths of the sea: hhThe weight of air hhMatthew F. Maury: paths of the sea hhAir pressure hhOceanography hhThe power of moving air hhContinental shelf and slope: Mariana Trench, fish of the continental ƒƒEvaporation shelf ƒƒCondensation hhOcean floor and open ocean: oceanic ridges, seamounts, fish of the hhMaking a water wheel depths, upper-level fish hhMethods and equipment for exploring the sea: aqualung, submers- Energy: Sound & Hearing ible, undersea labs ƒƒSounds all around us: hhThe sandy sea: where sand comes from ƒƒVibrations, sound waves hhSalt and waves: properties and benefits of salt water hhSpeed of sound hhGiants of the sea: hhMaking sound: larynx, vocal cords hhMarine mammals: baleen whales, toothed whales ƒƒReceiving sound: hhThree invertebrates: octopus, squid, jellyfish ƒƒParts of the ear hhHearing aids, animal ears

Science cont. p. 79 78 GRADE 4

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Oceanography cont. ƒƒSun’s energy and gravity Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒThe moon (the lesser light): ƒƒOur nearest neighbor hhMaking currents hhApollo 11 hhObserving water pressure ƒƒA natural satellite hhSeeing the difference in the density of salt water and fresh water ƒƒA reflector hhObserving how salt water freezes at lower temperatures ƒƒThe origin of the universe: hhLearning about jet propulsion hhCan’t be proved by science Astronomy ƒƒGod created ƒƒWonders of the night sky: our galaxy, our solar system, planet names hhExplained in the Bible; we accept by faith ƒƒSeasons, days, and years: Activities & Demonstrations: hhWeeks; astronomy, astrology hhShowing how sunlight affects starlight in the daytime ƒƒPictures in the sky: constellations hhShowing how light is absorbed and reflected ƒƒThe sun (the greater light): hhMaking a star viewer ƒƒDistance from the earth

Health Additional Helps ƒƒChapter content review sheets (2) Developing Good Health begins with a unit on physical fitness and emphasizes ƒ the skeletal, muscular, and respiratory systems. Practical instruction regarding ƒAnatomy worksheets (5) personal hygiene follows a study of the teeth and skin. A chapter on interper- ƒƒPhysical fitness exercises (11) sonal relationships teaches students how to have a right relationship with God ƒƒDemonstration to illustrate how acid and with others, stressing the necessity of maintaining close family relationships attacks teeth and the importance of choosing the right friends. ƒƒReview games (5) Evaluation ƒƒPrinted quizzes (9) ƒƒHomework quizzes (2) ƒƒTests (3)  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Physical Fitness hhNose: ƒƒSkeletal system: hhFunctions as an air conditioner ƒƒIdentify: hhMucus membrane, sinuses, cilia, sinusitis ƒƒBones, ligaments hhFight infection: adenoids, tonsils hhIdentify parts of the respiratory system: hhHinge, ball-and-socket, pivot joints hhPharynx, epiglottis, trachea, larynx hhCranium, carpals, metacarpals ƒƒBuild strong bones: nutrients hhBronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli ƒ ƒƒCorrect posture: ƒDiaphragm hhLung cancer ƒƒSitting, standing hhAerobic exercise: benefits, requirements, good sportsmanship, ƒƒWalking: roll heel to toe ­preventing injuries ƒƒBending, lifting ƒƒMuscular system: Personal Hygiene hhIdentify skeletal muscles: ƒƒTeeth: hhFrontalis, masseters, trapezius, quadriceps, hamstrings ƒƒFunction: ƒƒBiceps, triceps, trapezius, abdominal muscles hhAppearance, speech ƒƒSkeletal muscles: work in pairs ƒƒDigestion: saliva ƒƒMuscles: work by pulling only ƒƒStructure of a tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ƒƒInvoluntary muscles: cardiac muscle membrane ƒƒExercise: ƒƒPlaque control: ƒƒBenefits of endurance exercises ƒƒAcid hhTerms: cramp, strain, aerobic, muscle tone hhDental caries; forms of sugar hhCalisthenics ƒƒKeep teeth strong and healthy: hhIsometric exercises ƒƒBrushing, fluoride toothpaste, flossing hhRespiratory system: hhResults of poor oral hygiene: halitosis, calculus, periodontal ­disease, malocclusion hhProcess of external respiration: hhTreatment of injured teeth hhOxygen and carbon dioxide

Health cont. p. 80 79 GRADE 4

Health cont. Body’s Cover hhProducing vitamin D ƒƒThree layers of skin: hhGathering information ƒƒEpidermis: callus, pigments, melanin, ultraviolet rays, ­albinos hhProper skin care: nutrition, rest, exercise, water, sunscreen ƒƒDermis: sebaceous glands, sebum, sweat glands Keys to Good Grooming hhSubcutaneous layer ƒƒGood hygiene for the skin: hhSigns of infection hhCare for fingernails and toenails ƒƒStructure of hair: hair follicles ƒƒClean clothes and appropriate dress hhBurns and how to treat them ƒƒKeeping the home clean ƒƒFunctions of the skin: Right Relationships ƒƒControlling temperature ƒƒReceiving everlasting life hhKeeping out bacteria ƒƒHaving healthy relationships with God and others

Bible

Life of Christ Series 4 Using the foundation that has been laid from preschool to third grade, fourth graders revisit Later Ministry Evaluation familiar books of the Bible to make deeper personal applications. Through the study of of ƒƒGraded memory JesusFlash-a-Card Creation, students will see how sin entered the world, leaving man in desperate need for a verse passages (8) Savior. The study of the triumphs and failures of men like Noah, Abraham, Jacob, and Joseph ƒƒContent quizzes (12) will give students the opportunity to strengthen their biblical worldview and build their faith through personal application of the Bible. Through the Gospels, the lessons from Jesus’ birth, His miracles, and His death, burial, and resurrection will provide the opportunity to accept the

7 Lessons • 37 Cards 1 Jesus Stills the Storm 2 Transfiguration 3 Jesus and the Lepers free gift of salvation or develop a deeper appreciation for that gift. Students will also see how 4 Lazarus and the Rich Man 5 Rich Young Ruler 6 Zacchaeus 7 Friends at Bethany Lesson Guide Included ´Czd!-¨ Jesus Stills the Storm 35906801 abeka.com the message of salvation spread throughout the world through the three missionary journeys of Paul. Biblical worldview truths from these lessons are naturally highlighted in the corre- lated songs, verses, and doctrinal truths. The Bible 4 Journal gives students the opportunity to move from knowledge to application as they read the Bible passages for themselves, answer questions, record personal thoughts, and put into action the lessons learned. ´DeK•¨ 366943

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 405 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work ƒƒSalvation Series (5 lessons) hhNew passages (11) containing 60 verses ƒƒGenesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; ƒƒReview verses (74) Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph hhBooks of the Bible, sword drills ƒƒThe First Thanksgiving Doctrinal Drill 70 questions/answers ƒƒLife of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministry ƒƒIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixion salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation and Resurrection hh8 questions with verses to ­memorize as answers ƒƒLife of Paul Series 1 and 2 (14) Prayer Time Music 36 songs ƒƒLearn to pray with thanksgiving­ for each other, our nation, those in ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including: authority over us hh13 new hymns and songs; 11 new choruses Sword Drills Bible 4 Journal ƒƒ88 Old and New Testament references to find hhPersonal application of the Bible lessons hhThree sections of references to choose from—weekly, themed, hhDiscussion/questions strengthen biblical worldview special events

80 GRADE 4

Music American music reflects the spirit and strength of its people, telling the history of our country’s struggle for independence, growth, and expansion. America’s rich, colorful legacy is essential to a child’s edu- cation. Songs We Enjoy 4 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections that students have enjoyed singing for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time enjoyable for the students and easy for the teacher.

Granddad Owl and Bessie  RED indicates first introduction of content.

ƒ Skills Development 66 songs ƒEcho sing parts ƒƒFollow a song leader while singing with class or CD ƒƒUse dynamic contrast in music ƒ hhDefine and explain 22 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics ƒImprove coordination skills through motion songs ƒƒAid in understanding a song’s message hhLearn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana music hhCount a steady rhythm in songs Variety of Songs to Memorize ƒ ƒEnunciate silly words ƒƒFolk, fun, patriotic, spirituals and hymns, holiday, ­Americana, songs hhSing a two-part canon and rounds of 3 or more parts at sea

Arts & Crafts In Art A, students practice the fundamental principles of color and perspective using basic drawing, color- ing, and painting techniques with colored pencils and watercolors. A decorative calendar begins each monthly selection, and suggestions for interesting variations and further practice stimulate creativity. This art book has been carefully organized and illustrated so that students may work in them independently or as a class.

Concept Development 39 projects Technique Development ƒƒPrimary and secondary colors (14) ƒƒDrawing: template, freehand, animation (8) ƒƒIntermediate colors (4) ƒƒModeling (7) ƒƒComplementary colors (6) ƒƒPainting: wash (2) ƒƒNeutral and analogous colors (5) ƒƒTexture, weaving (4) ƒƒColors of spectrum (3); color wheel (10) ƒƒPaper curling, folding, and shaping (6) ƒƒPerspective (3) ƒƒDuplicating (1) ƒƒProportion (2) ƒƒMotion lines (2) ƒƒTranslucent and cut-paper sculpture (3) ƒƒLettering (13)

81 GRADE 5

Language Arts: Reading Fifth graders will travel to other lands, other times, or just around the block while reading the character- building stories in their three readers. While reading classic stories of foreign lands, other time periods, great achievers, inventors, and men and women who made America great, young readers are introduced to a variety of literature and provided with a rich literary heritage. A Christian fiction novel and a biographical novel will be used for language book reports. Two speed and comprehension readers will whet students’ appetites for a wider range of reading, while they challenge each student to learn how to read quickly for information, with a strong emphasis on comprehension.

Literary Value Materials Evaluation ƒƒ125 authors, including well-known ƒƒReaders (3) containing: ƒƒWeekly oral reading grade writers such as Louisa May Alcott, ƒƒShort stories (97) ƒƒSpeed and comprehension Frances Hodgson Burnett, Beverly ƒƒPoems (62), plays (2), songs (4) quizzes (73) for timed silent reading Cleary, Rudyard Kipling, and Mark ƒƒScripture selections (4) exercises and stories Twain ƒƒChristian fiction novel (1) ƒƒWeekly vocabulary comprehension ƒƒCharacter-building themes such as ƒ quizzes (33) bravery, charity, compassion, con- ƒBiographical novel (1) tentment, determination, duty, faith, ƒƒSpeed and comprehension readers (2): teamwork, and forgiveness ƒƒRead & Comprehend 5 Skill Sheets (42) ƒƒAdventures in Nature exercises (31)

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis ƒƒStrive for increased: Skills Development ƒƒAccuracy, fluency, phrasing ƒƒAnswer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and ƒƒGood expression, comprehension poems ƒ ƒƒImprovement of flow ƒAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion questions ƒ ƒƒAbility to follow along and comprehend as others read orally ƒImprove ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and effect, and draw conclusions ƒƒVocabulary development through words and definitions included ƒ in readers ƒDetermine main characters, theme, climax, and turning point ƒƒPace and comprehension while reading silently ƒƒAbility to read poetry correctly

Language Arts: Language As well as providing a thorough review of capitalization, punctuation, and the parts of speech, God’s Gift of Language B deepens students’ knowledge of grammar and increases their writing skills. Students will be introduced to the four main types of complements and to additional rules for punctuation. They will learn how to diagram prepositional phrases and complements. Students’ writing skills will improve as they learn how to write effective topic sentences and paragraphs and how to use transitional words. Skills learned in outlining, note taking, and preparing a bibliography will aid fifth graders in writing an ency- clopedia report and a library research report.

Evaluation ƒƒQuizzes from quiz/test book (12) ƒƒLibrary research report (counts as 2 test grades) ƒƒExercises from student book ƒƒ7 graded book reports: (9; each counts as a quiz grade) ƒƒShort format (2; each counts as 2 quiz grades) ƒƒTests from quiz/test book (11) ƒƒLong format (3; each counts as test grade) ƒƒEncyclopedia report (counts as test grade) ƒƒOral (2; each counts as test grade)

Language cont. p. 83 82 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language cont. Grammar ƒƒIndentify four types of sentences: declarative, imperative, ­interrogative, exclamatory ƒƒCapitalization: ƒƒRecognize simple and compound sentences ƒƒ First word in every line of poetry, every sentence, and direct quota- tions hhDiagram compound sentences ƒ ƒƒPronoun I ƒCorrect run-on sentences and fragments ƒƒProper nouns: hhIdentify complements: direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives, objects of preposition ƒƒNames, initials hhAvoid wordiness hhNationalities, races, religions hhFind the subject and verb: ƒƒDays, holidays, months hhInverted order (interrogative sentences) hhHistorical events or periods, organizations, businesses, ships, awards hhThere and other words when beginning the sentence ƒƒOther particular nouns ƒƒParts of speech: ƒƒGeographical locations: streets, cities, states; regions of the ƒƒRecognize and diagram all eight parts of speech: ­country or world; countries, continents ƒƒNoun as subject ƒƒGeographical features hhNoun as predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, hhRecreational areas, planets and object of the preposition ƒ hhProper adjectives ƒVerb, pronoun, adjective, adverb ƒƒFirst and last words and all important words in the following titles: hhPreposition ƒƒBooks, magazines, poems, and stories ƒƒConjunction h hhPlays, paintings, and other works of art hInterjection ƒƒTitle of person before a name ƒƒVerbs: ƒ hhTitles used instead of a name in direct address ƒAction, state of being, helping ƒƒNouns referring to the Bible; nouns and pronouns referring to God hhLinking ƒƒPunctuation: ƒƒVerb phrase ƒƒEnd marks hhPrinciple parts of verbs ƒƒCommas: ƒƒSpelling rules for verb endings ƒƒTo separate three or more items in a series hhIrregular forms of principle parts ƒ hhTo separate two or more adjectives before a noun ƒCorrect and effective verbs h hhBefore coordinating conjunctions joining a compound sentence hCorrect use of troublesome verbs: burst, busted; attacked, ƒƒTo separate items in a date or address attackted; brought, brung; climbed, clumb; drowned, drownded; ate, et; eaten, aten; grew, growed; sneaked, snuck; stole, stoled; ƒƒAfter salutation of a friendly letter and closing of any letter threw, throwed; thought, thunk ƒƒAfter and at beginning of sentence well, yes, no, why ƒƒNouns: ƒƒTo set off words of direct address, direct quotation ƒƒCommon, proper, compound, plural ƒƒApostrophes: ƒƒNouns as antecedents, subjects ƒƒTo form contractions and possessive words hhNouns as direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, hhTo form the plural of letters object of preposition ƒƒColons: ƒƒPronouns: ƒƒTo write time ƒƒPersonal pronouns (subject, object, possessive) ƒƒAfter salutation of business letters hhCompound, interrogative, demonstrative ƒƒIn Scripture references hhSubject and verb agreement with pronouns hhHyphens: to divide a word at end of line ƒƒAdjectives: hhSemicolons: to separate simple sentences not joined by conjunc- ƒƒProper tion hhAdjectives that look like verbs ƒƒUnderline: ƒƒPossessive nouns and pronouns as adjectives ƒƒTitles of books, newspapers, ships, plays, sculptures, paintings, and hhPredicate adjectives other works of art hhDistinction between adjectives modifying noun and a hhTitles of films, planes, trains compound noun ƒƒQuotation marks: hhPositive, comparative, and superlative degrees ƒƒWith direct quotations hhComparison of irregular adjectives ƒƒWith titles of short stories, poems, songs, chapters, articles, other parts of books, magazines, and newspapers ƒƒThe sentence: ƒƒKnow definitions of sentence, subject, predicate ƒƒFind subjects and verbs: compound, simple

Language cont. p. 84 83 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Language cont. Grammar cont. Composition ƒƒAdverbs: hhWrite a book report with character sketch using the Writing Process ƒƒKnow adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs ƒƒUse a checklist for book reports ƒƒDistinguish adjectives from adverbs ƒƒWrite: ƒƒUse modifiers correctly ƒƒFriendly letters ƒƒUse good and well correctly ƒƒPost cards ƒƒUse adverbs and negatives correctly ƒƒThank-you notes hhCompare adverbs hhParagraphs with a topic sentence ƒƒPrepositions: ƒƒParagraphs with unity ƒƒPrepositional phrase ƒƒWrite with details ƒƒObject of preposition hhWrite dialogue hhAdjective or adverb phrase hhComplete creative writing assignments including a poem, narrative, ƒƒPreposition or adverb biography, Bible story, dialogue, paragraphs, etc. (8) hhDiagram prepositional phrases hhMake topical and sentence outlines ƒƒConjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet ƒƒUse the encyclopedia and Writing Process to write an encyclopedia ƒƒInterjections: report: taking notes, writing a rough draft, rewriting ƒƒPunctuation ƒƒUse the Writing Process for a library research report: h hhDiagram hMake a preliminary outline ƒƒWord study and diction: hhTake notes ƒƒUse the best words; use specific words hhWrite bibliography cards ƒƒUnderstand synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms hhMake a final outline ƒƒUse the dictionary hhWrite the rough draft, a second rough draft, and the final draft hhUse the thesaurus ƒƒCorrectly use: ƒƒBetween, among; can, may; less, fewer hhAmount, number

Language Arts: Penmanship Penmanship Mastery II concentrates on what fifth graders need most—practice with Added Enrichment “trouble-maker” letters. Each week’s lessons provide practice with basic letter size ƒƒJournal compilation (16) and formation, correct pen grip, slant, and overall neatness. Students are given the ƒƒCreative writing assignments (75) opportunity to employ their skills through a variety of interesting activities such as word studies and creative writing exercises. Each week, students will also complete a Evaluation creative writing assignment, including a biweekly journal entry. ƒƒTests (34) ƒƒProgress report boxes (32)

Skills Development ƒƒCorrectly write all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9 ƒƒMaintain good writing position: ƒƒMaintain correct letter formation, uniform slant and size, correct spacing, letters that touch the line, and proper margins for success ƒƒSitting properly in desk in writing legibly ƒƒHolding pencil correctly ƒƒUse key strokes: slant, loops, tails, and humps ƒƒSlanting paper correctly ƒƒEvaluate writing for personal improvement ƒƒWrite in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement ƒƒCopy most assignments from print to cursive ƒƒUse correct warm-up procedure with slants, ovals, basic letter ƒƒBe able to write sentences as dictated strokes ƒƒWrite topical journal entries

Penmanship cont. p. 85 84 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Penmanship cont. Skills Development cont. ƒƒCopy assignments from print to cursive using language skills and science and geography facts ƒƒCreative writing assignments: hhComplete challenging and fun-filled assignments using poetry, ƒƒMatch words to definitions or abbreviations (18) word puzzles, and jokes ƒƒWrite a paragraph or sentence on a particular topic (16) ƒƒUse words beginning with or containing a particular letter (8) ƒƒWrite a poem, paragraph, or sentence with given words (8) ƒƒClassify words by syllables or alphabetical order (8) ƒƒComplete a given paragraph or sentence (6) ƒƒCorrect word usage or spelling (5) ƒƒCreate tongue twisters or limericks (3) ƒƒForm compound words from given parts or new words by adding prefix or suffix (2) ƒƒWord search (1)

Language Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry In order to achieve spelling mastery, students must learn how spelling “works.” Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry 5 allows students to understand how spelling “works” by teaching them to examine words and apply spelling and phonics rules. They will also learn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the Bible and the difference between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms, antonyms, or homonyms. A variety of exercises allows fifth graders to recognize misspelled words, practice using spelling and vocabulary words in sentences, and improve their proofreading skills. Students will enjoy memorizing and reciting the six character-building poems that have been included in this text.

Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒSpelling and vocabulary: ƒƒSpelling games (19) ƒƒPoetry: ƒƒSpelling tests (34) ƒƒSpelling lists (34) including a review ƒƒPronunciation key ƒƒPoem introductions include: discussion list at the end of each 9 weeks: ƒƒSpelling rules in text for quick ideas, some historical content, and infor- ƒƒSpelling words (725) ­reference mation about the author ƒƒVocabulary words (300) ƒƒTeacher resources: ƒƒCD included to help with interpretation ƒƒOrganized by topic (29) ƒƒSentence bank ƒƒVocabulary words and definitions with ƒƒPractice exercises (68) including ƒƒPractical spelling tips and each poem cumulative review of vocabulary suggestions words and definitions

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development hhLearn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the Bible h hhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists including: hDistinguish between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms, antonyms, or homonyms hhVocabulary words and definitions ƒƒLearn spelling rules: hhSynonyms and homonyms ƒƒUse before except after or when sounded like hhAntonyms i e, c, a ƒƒDouble a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a ƒƒUse vocabulary words in proper context vowel ƒƒMemorize vocabulary definitions ƒƒKnow when to change y to i when adding suffixes ƒƒCorrectly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary ƒƒDrop the silent before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel words e hhLearn: ƒƒCreate good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words hhExceptions to the final rule ƒƒProofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in pairs, e lists, and sentences hhWords that follow no spelling pattern ƒƒApply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed hhHow to choose the correct ending for spelling words with sound- oral practice and independent written practice alike suffixes ƒƒ Learn background information on some spelling and vocabulary words hhRules for standard plural nouns hhCompound words and words with hyphens

Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont. p. 86 85 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont. Poetry Skills Development ƒƒLearn definitions and use of unfamiliar words ƒ hhMemorize 5 lyrical poems and 1 hymn ƒImprove comprehension of emotion and content ƒƒDevelop appreciation of poetry ƒƒDevelop mental visualization of the poem ƒƒPerform in front of an audience ƒƒDiscuss meaning and purpose of each poem ƒƒRecite in unison ƒƒUse proper observation of punctuation ƒƒDevelop appropriate expression and volume

Arithmetic An information box, abundant practice of new and review concepts and Evaluation facts, and daily word problems are key features of Arithmetic 5. Problem- ƒƒBiweekly tests (17) solving strategies are scattered throughout the text to help students ƒƒBiweekly quizzes (17) acquire the skills necessary to be expert problem solvers. Emphasis is ƒƒDaily skills development exercises (135) placed on topics such as whole numbers, fractions, decimals, measure- ment and algebraic equations, and basic geometric problems.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒChecking by: ƒƒPlace value: ƒƒAddition h hhWhole numbers to the 100 billions’ place hCasting out 9s ƒƒDecimals to the thousandths’ place ƒƒAddends: column addition ƒƒCounting sequences ƒƒAveraging ƒ hhWriting numbers from dictation to the 100 billions’ place ƒFractions with common and uncommon ­denominators ƒƒRoman numerals: ƒƒMeasures ƒƒValue of I, V, X, L, C, D, M hhDecimals with annexing zeros ƒƒ Basic rules for Roman numerals Subtraction ƒ ƒMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals: ƒƒSubtraction families 1–18 in mixed order hhSubtract a numeral only from the next two greater numerals ƒƒTimed mastery hhTerms: notation, numeration ƒƒMissing sign ƒƒComparing hhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, ­addition, ƒƒRecognize symbols: multiplication, and division up to 13 numbers ƒƒ> (greater than); < (less than) ƒƒWord problems hh≠ (unequal) ƒƒTerms: minuend, subtrahend, difference hhRounding: whole numbers, money, deci­mals, timed mastery ƒƒBorrowing from any position ƒƒNumber sentences: greater or less than ƒƒMoney ƒƒEstimating: ƒƒChecking by addition hhSum, difference ƒƒFractions with common and uncommon denominators ƒƒProduct, quotient ƒƒMeasures Addition hhDecimals with annexing zeros ƒƒNumber sentences: greater or less than ƒƒAddition families 1–18 in mixed order ƒƒTimed mastery Multiplication ƒƒTerms: addend, sum ƒƒMultiplication facts: 0–12 tables ƒƒMissing sign ƒƒWord problems ƒƒWord problems ƒƒTimed mastery ƒƒMoney ƒƒTerms: factors, product, partial products hhMental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, ƒƒMissing sign multiplication, and division up to 13 numbers hhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division, ƒƒCarrying to any position addition, and subtraction up to 13 numbers

Arithmetic cont. p. 87 86 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Multiplication cont. Fractions ƒƒMultiplying with up to 3-digit multiplier (factor) ƒƒParts of a whole or group ƒƒCarrying hhWord problems: a broader and deeper understanding of concepts hhChecking by: ƒƒTimed mastery hhReversing factors ƒƒTerms: numerator, denominator hhCasting out 9s ƒƒNumber words ƒƒMoney ƒƒTypes: ƒƒFactors: ƒƒProper, mixed, improper ƒƒFactoring ƒƒChange to mixed or whole number ƒƒFinding common and greatest common factor ƒƒReducing: ƒƒFractions: ƒƒFinding least common denominator ƒƒUsing cancellation ƒƒAnswers reduced to lowest terms ƒƒMultiplying: ƒƒNumber line ƒƒFractions with whole or mixed numbers ƒƒAddition with common or uncommon denominators hhFractions with 2 mixed numbers ƒƒSubtraction: hhDecimals: ƒƒWith common or uncommon denominators hhMultiplied by whole numbers ƒƒWith borrowing hhMultiplied by another decimal ƒƒMultiplication: hhAnnexing zeros in multiplication ƒƒUsing cancellation ƒƒNumber sentences: greater or less than ƒƒMultiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed number hhBy powers of ten hhMultiplying 2 mixed numbers ƒ Division ƒEquivalent fractions hhDivision: ƒƒDivision facts: 1–12 tables hhWhole or mixed number by a fraction ƒƒWord problems hhFraction by a fraction ƒƒSteps of division hhFraction or a mixed number by a whole number ƒƒTerms: dividend, divisor, quotient hhBy a mixed number ƒƒMissing sign hhChanging fractions to decimals and decimals to ­fractions ƒƒTimed mastery hhMental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication, Decimals addition, and subtraction up to 13 numbers ƒƒMoney ƒƒDivisor: ƒƒReading and writing: ƒƒ1 or 2 digits hhWriting fraction as a decimal hh3 digits ƒƒWriting decimal as a fraction ƒƒDividends up to 6 digits ƒƒPlace value to the thousandths’ place ƒƒRemainders written as fractions hhAddition and subtraction: annexing zeros ƒƒChecking by: hhMultiplication: ƒƒMultiplication hhBy a whole number hhCasting out 9s hhBy another ­decimal ƒƒMoney hhWhen zeros are annexed ƒƒAveraging hhDivision: ƒƒEstimating quotients hhDividing a decimal by a whole number ƒƒDivisibility rules: hhEliminating the decimal point in the divisor ƒƒDividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 hhAnnexing zeros to avoid remainders hhDividing by 6 hhComparing and repeating decimals hhDividing fractions: hhRounding hhWhole or mixed number by a fraction hhTimed mastery hhFraction by a fraction hhChanging decimals to fractions or fractions to decimals hhFraction or mixed number by a whole number hhBy a mixed number Problem Solving & Applications ƒƒWord problems: hhDecimals: ƒƒAddition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions hhDividing a decimal by a whole number ƒƒMoney, measures, ­averages, decimals hhEliminating the decimal point in the divisor ƒƒGeometry: area, perim­e­ter hhAnnexing zeros to avoid remainders ƒƒNumber sentences: greater or less than ƒƒGraphs hhScale drawings, temperature hhBy powers of ten

Arithmetic cont. p. 88 87 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Arithmetic cont. Problem Solving & Applications cont. Graphing, Statistics, Probability ƒƒSteps of problem-solving process: ƒƒStatistics: averaging hhProblems requiring four steps ƒƒScale drawing ƒƒMixed operations, estimating answers, eliminating unnecessary ƒƒGraphs: facts hhDrawing graphs hhWriting a number sentence, drawing a model of a problem, using ƒƒPictographs, bar, and line graphs a schedule, estimating money amounts, guessing and checking, hhColumn graphs making an organized list, reading a chart, using educated trial and hhIdentify title, labels, and scale error hhOrdered pairs ƒƒApplications: hhProbability ratio hhDeveloping a broader and deeper understanding of concepts: hhMeasures, Roman numerals Geometry hhFractions, money, decimals ƒƒPlane figures: hhGraphs, scale drawings ƒƒSimple closed figure, polygon hhTempera­ture, geometry, place value ƒƒQuadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trap- ezoid Time hhPentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon ƒƒTable of time: second, minute, hour; day, week, year, leap year; hhTriangle: right, isosceles, equilateral decade, score, ­century, millennium ƒƒAngles: Money ƒƒRight, congruent ƒƒAddition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with $ hhAcute, obtuse, straight hhEstimation ƒƒLines: hhRounding to nearest cent ƒƒLine segment, line, ray, intersecting lines hhParallel and perpendicular lines Measures ƒƒTerms: ƒƒTemperature: ƒƒPoint, plane, congruent ƒƒReading and writing hhSimilar, diagonal ƒƒTerm: degrees ƒƒPerimeter of a polygon ƒƒCelsius and Fahrenheit: ƒƒArea: formulas for rectangle and square ƒƒFreezing and boiling points of water ƒƒRecognize models and symbols: • (point); — (line segment); ƒƒNormal body temperature ↔ (line); → (ray); ∠ (angle) h hConverting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius hhSquares and square roots hhNegative temperatures ƒƒLength: Percent, Ratio, Proportion 1 h hhMeasuring to /8 of an inch hIntroduction to concept ƒƒEnglish: inch, foot, yard, mile hhRecognize symbol: % (percent) ƒƒMetric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter, Pre-Algebra hectometer, kilometer hhSolving equations: hhConverting kilometers to miles and miles to kilometers hh4 new axioms: ƒƒWeight: hhWith number and unknown side by side ƒƒEnglish: ounce, pound, ton hhUnknown as numerator and number as denominator ƒƒMetric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, ­hectogram, kilogram hhNegative numbers ƒƒCapacity: hhSquares and square roots ƒƒEnglish: fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel, teaspoon,­ hhExponents, bases, radical signs tablespoon hhOrder of operations ƒƒMetric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter­ ƒƒOrdering measures: least to greatest ƒƒConverting measures from one measure to another within same system ƒƒAdding unlike measures within the same system ƒƒSubtracting unlike measures within the same system ƒƒSquare measures: ƒƒSquare inches, square feet, square yards hhAcres, square miles ƒƒTimed mastery; metric prefixes

88 GRADE 5

History & Geography Old World History and Geography presents a fascinating study of the Eastern Hemisphere by geographical regions starting with the Middle East, where history began. It not only presents the importance of studying history and the significance of geography, but also describes the beginnings of history from a Christian perspective. Students are introduced to worldwide missions and missionary heroes, while learning about the history, geography, and culture of these specific locations: Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica. They will also study history as it relates to important topics such as creation, evolution, humanism, government, and nations.

Added Enrichment Evaluation ƒƒComprehension checks (69) ƒƒWorksheets (39): ƒƒPrinted quizzes (36) ƒƒChapter checkups at end of each ƒƒGeography facts and review (24) ƒƒHomework quizzes (6) chapter (16) ƒƒChapter content worksheets (6) ƒƒTests (11) ƒƒSpecial feature boxes with in-depth ƒƒGeography atlas and continent study (6) ƒƒ9-weeks content and geography study of Eastern Hemisphere (36): ƒƒMap skills (3) exams (4) ƒ ƒConcepts and places of history ƒƒNation Notebook optional research project: ƒƒAtlas, continent, and geography ƒƒSpotlights on events ƒƒFor nation from Eastern or Western Hemisphere facts memorized and evaluated (36) ƒƒAnimals of the world ƒƒIncluding geography, symbols, way of life, history ƒƒWonders of geography ƒƒImproving skills: organizing time and meeting ƒƒImportant people of history and deadlines, gathering information, writing reports, missionaries of the world reading maps, mounting and labeling pictures, ƒƒMaps (43) and important facts about each making a time line continent at beginning of each unit

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

History Study hhThree geographical areas: ­Fertile Crescent, Arabian ­Peninsula, Northern Plateaus hhFertile Crescent: hhHenry Martyn: missionary to India and Middle East hhCradle of civilization: hhCountries of Central and Southern Asia: hhLand of beginnings hhIndia: hhSumer: civilization of southern Mesopotamia (Babylon), irriga- tion, writing, wheel, archaeologists, ziggurats hhTopographical features, caste system, family life, religion, place value, decimal numeral system hhUr of the Chaldees: Chaldea, stone temples, marketplace, Abraham hhTaj Mahal, Vasco da Gama, East India Company, William Carey, East and West Pakistan, Mt. Everest hhAncient Middle East: hhAmy Carmichael: missionary to Indian children hhWhere history began hhOther Central and Southern Asian Countries hhHomes of ancient times hhCountries of the Far East: hhDaily life in an ancient city hhChina: hhPhoenicians (seafaring people): sailors, Carthage, alphabet, papyrus, blown glass hhHuang He (China’s Sorrow), dynasties, Great Wall of China, ­discoveries and inventions, missionary efforts hhHittites: empire builders hhChanging country, Republic of China, Communism, Mao Tse- hhLydians (makers of money): trade by barter, first coins minted tung, Chiang Kai-shek, People’s Republic of China hhIsraelites (God’s chosen people): Sinai Peninsula, Ten Command- hhModern China, Beijing, Hong Kong, Tiananmen Square ments, Joshua, “Holy Land,” Canaanites, judges, King Saul, King David, King Solomon hhChinese sphere of influence h hhAssyrian Empire: feared conquerors hNortheast and Southeast Asian countries h hhBabylonian Empire: Code of Hammurabi, Chaldeans, Seven hEgypt: ­Wonders of the Ancient World, Daniel, King Belshazzar hhGeography of Egypt hhPersian Empire: Cyrus the Great hhEgypt’s beginning: early river civilizations hhMiddle East today: hhDynasties hhGeographical features hhBuilding projects of the phar­aohs: irrigation and flood control, hhClimate: desert regions, Mediterranean climate, fertile land shadoof, pyramids, Great Sphinx, obelisks, Valley of the Kings, “King Tut” hhPlants and animals hhEveryday life in ancient Egypt: people, education, food hhPeople: Arabic language, Islam religion hhPapyrus plant: first paper, hieroglyphics, Rosetta Stone hhImportance of history and current events: Islam, Judaism, Christianity, natural resources hhDecline of Egypt

History & Geography cont. p. 90 89 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont. History Study cont. hhEngland and the British Isles: h hhAfrica long ago: hBritish Isles: “Mother Country,” biblical heritage ƒ hhLand of mystery: “Dark Continent” ƒGreat events in English history: h hhHighlights of African history: hMagna Carta, Elizabethan Age ƒ hhLand of Phut, Sahara, Land of Cush ƒAge of Puritans: h hhEthiopian eunuch, Queen of Sheba, early Christians in North hPuritans and science, Wesleyan Revival Africa hhRise of industry, Victorian Age, England’s decline, ­restoring hhMuslim control, Ghana Empire, Mali Empire England’s greatness, Margaret Thatcher h hhAge of exploration and missions: hEngland: land and people, ­Pennine Chain, London, Thames, the Chunnel hhMalaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, slave trade hhIreland, Scotland, and Wales: “Emerald Isle,” people, ­potato famine, hhRobert Moffat, David Livingstone, Victoria Falls, Henry Stanley, Republic of ­Ireland, Northern Ireland, ­Scottish Highlands Samuel Crowther, Mary Slessor hhOther countries of Western Europe: hhAfrica in modern times: hhTwo Europes: Communist Eastern Europe, Free Western Europe hhNorthern Africa: Sahara, Barbary Coast, Aswan High Dam, Suez Canal, Sudan, Khartoum hhMediterranean Europe: h hhTropical Africa: history and geography hSpain: ancient Armada h hhSouthern Africa: European settlement, Republic of South Africa, hPortugal: explorers resources and industries hhItaly: Renaissance hhModern Africa’s needs: the Gospel, food, shelter, education, stable hhGreece: early ­European civilizations government hhCentral Europe: hhAncient Greece hhFrance: revolution hhGeographical features hhSwitzerland: mountain republic hhFirst Greeks: Minoans, Crete, Mycenaeans, Trojan horse hhAustria: culture and beauty hhGreek alphabet and writings: Homer, Aesop hhGermany: reformation hhGreek philosophers: Pythagoras, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, hhThe low countries: The ­Netherlands (land below sea level), Aristotle how Dutch made Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg hhGreek city: city-state, agora, acropolis, theater, gymnasium, hhScandinavia (land of Vikings): stadium hhNorway: land of the Midnight Sun hhA Greek idea: democracy (people rule) hhSweden: largest Scandinavian country hhTwo famous city-states: Sparta, courage, strength, loyalty, helots; hhDenmark: Hans Christian Andersen Athens, culture hhIceland: land of fire and ice hh Philip of Macedonia: Macedonia, phalanx hhFinland: scenic forest land, European tundra hh Alexander the Great (Conqueror of the World): Hellenistic Age hhLanguages of Europe: Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and others hh Rome: hhCountries of Eastern Europe: hh Land: Apennine Peninsula, Italy, Alps, Po River, Tiber River hhRussia under the czars hh People: Italians, Latins, Etruscans, Greek influence hhHow Communism began: Karl Marx, Marxism hh Life in Rome: home, education, roads, bridges, tunnels, aqueducts, hhBirth of the Soviet Union: ­Russian Revolution, Communist terrorism concrete, government, Roman Republic, patricians, plebeians ƒƒChanges in the Soviet Union: hhHow Rome conquered the world: Punic Wars, Julius Caesar, hhNo food, disaster in Afghanistan Rubicon River, dictator, Mark Antony, Pompeii ƒƒMikhail Gorbachev hhRoman Empire: Augustus Caesar, Pax Romana hhPerestroika and glasnost, Lech Walesa, Solidarity, Baltic Repub- hhChristianity: lics hhGreatest event in history: birth of Jesus, early ministry of Jesus hhLife in the Soviet Union: atheism, few freedoms, government Christ, spread of the Gospel ­control hhNero and the persecution of Christians: colosseum, gladiators, hhSoviet Union and United Nations the catacombs hhFall of the Soviet Empire: Boris Yeltsin, Russian Republic, Common- hhRise of Constantine wealth of Independent States hhFall of Rome hhModern countries of Eastern Europe hhMiddle Ages: hhAustralia and beyond: hhPeasants and lords, Roman church, Charlemagne, Holy Roman hhAustralia: “Island Continent,” land and climate, Great Barrier Reef, Empire plants and animals, history, government, cities, country life, indus- hhMonasteries, convents, crusades, Waldensians, Inquisition, John try and resources Wycliffe, John Huss hhOceania: islands of the Pacific hhInvention of printing press: Johann Gutenberg, Gutenberg Bible hhAntarctica: coldest continent, discovery and exploration, hhMartin Luther and the Protestant Reformation: indulgences, Captain James Cook, Richard Byrd purgatory, Ninety-Five Theses

History & Geography cont. p. 91 90 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. History & Geography cont. Memory Work ƒƒGeography terms and facts memorized: ƒƒ6 documents: ƒƒCircle of the earth: ƒƒThe American’s Creed ƒƒSphere ƒƒPortion of The Declaration of Independence hhDiameter, circumference ƒƒPreamble to the Constitution ƒƒOceans ƒƒFirst Amendment to the ­Constitution hhSeas ƒƒThe Rights of Americans ƒƒSeven continents ƒƒLincoln’s Gettysburg Address ƒƒEarth’s hemispheres: ƒƒStates and capitals hhNorthern, southern ƒƒ44 U.S. Presidents ƒƒEastern, western ƒƒLatitude and longitude: Geography Study hhParallels of latitude, tropics, meridians ƒƒAtlas facts memorized: ƒƒPoles, Equator hhEastern Hemisphere: political map of nations, cities, states, bodies hhBodies of water: gulf, strait, channel of water, oceans ƒƒRivers: hhWorld: physical maps of rivers, seas, deserts, mountain ranges, hhTributary, mouth, delta mountains ƒƒUpstream, downstream hhKingdoms and empires of the ancient world hhLandforms: plains, plateaus, hills, mountains hhAfrica: countries, rivers, mountains, bodies of water hhMountains and mountain ranges: sea level, altitude, peak, summit; ƒ ƒLandforms volcano, dormant, extinct hhBodies of water hhWorld’s greatest deserts ƒƒU.S. states and capitals hhClimate zones hhContinent facts memorized: hhTropical rain forests hhAsia: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas, hhTropical savannas rivers, mountain ranges, mountains, deserts hhAfrica: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, rivers, deserts, mountain ranges, mountain hhEurope: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas, rivers, mountain ranges, mountains hhAustralia, Oceania, & Antarctica: countries, capital names, ­locations; continent facts, mountain ranges, desert, islands

Science Investigating God’s World leads students continually from the known to the unknown Additional Helps by teaching important science concepts within the context of things they can see and ƒƒSuggested: know. The aim is to help students better understand basic science principles rather ƒƒEnrichment projects (3) than to merely teach them science vocabulary. ƒƒDVDs (4) This text presents the world as the creation of God and glorifies Him as its Sustainer ƒƒWorksheets (24) and Upholder. It introduces great scientists and naturalists who believed in the bibli- cal account of Creation, and where appropriate, it refutes the materialist’s faith in Evaluation evolution. Students will also learn about topics such as plants and animals, matter and ƒƒPrinted quizzes (25) energy, light, and minerals. ƒƒHomework quizzes (3) ƒƒTests (6) ƒƒ9-weeks exam (3)  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Insects & Plants ƒƒHoneybees ƒƒThe mysteries around us: hhMore stinging insects: bumblebees, yellow jackets ƒƒScience and observation ƒƒVictims and villains: h hhLaw and order hPredator, prey ƒƒA detective’s tools: his senses and intelligence, books and equip- ƒƒFood chain ment ƒƒMimicry: hhInvestigating a goldenrod jungle: ƒƒMonarchs and viceroy butterflies ƒƒPollination hhBee and fly differences; bee killers

Science cont. p. 92 91 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Insects & Plants cont. hhOther carnivores: contrast in size ƒƒCamouflage: hhLarge carnivores: bears, giant pandas h hhAmbush bug, goldenrod spider hSmall carnivores: h hhTrue bugs: hWeasels and minks ƒ hhPiercing and sucking mouthparts ƒSkunks h hhWings that cross hPrimates (tree-dwelling mammals): h hhPraying mantis: egg case, nymph hCharacteristics ƒƒBeetles and seed eaters: hhApes: mountain gorillas and chimpanzees h hhBeetle characteristics, locust borer, goldenrod soldier beetle hMonkeys: New World and Old World ƒƒSeed feeders: hhHorses: man’s best helper ƒƒBirds hhCloven-hoofed animals: h hhRabbits hBovids (useful ruminants): cattle, sheep, goats h hhComposite flowers: characteristics of composites; daisy, aster, hDeer (antlered ruminants): white-tailed deer, moose, reindeer blackeyed Susan, thistle, goldenrod, ragweed and caribou h hhWilliam Carey: missionary and botanist in India hDifferences between horns and antlers Activities & Demonstrations: hhGrenfell of Labrador: missionary and doctor hhMammals and man: hhSetting up a living flower exhibit hhLikenesses and differences hhMaking a meadow in a terrarium hhBalance of nature; extinct and endangered species hhObserving insect orders hhMaking plant exhibits: drying flowers, building a gall cage Activities & Demonstrations: h hhUsing a water lens hCollecting and recognizing animal tracks h hhLearning more about honeybees: the “bee dance” hInvestigating your dog and cat h hhObserving social insects hFollowing tracks: studying animal tracks h hhMaking a creature keeper hDemonstrating wool’s ability to hold heat h hhMaking a pitfall trap hBuilding a nature sanctuary hhObserving animal measurements Mammals ƒƒHabitats Energy: Light ƒƒVertebrates: hhDefining light: ƒƒCharacteristics: hhSpeed of light h hhFour limbs: two forelimbs, two hind limbs hTransparent, opaque, translucent light ƒƒWarm-blooded hhShadows ƒƒHair: hhJourney of light: ƒƒFur, wool, spines or quills, bristles, whiskers hhLuminous objects h hhFor warmth: hNatural and artificial light h hhWhales’ blubber hReflection: bouncing light; convex and concave mirrors ƒƒFor camouflage hhRefraction (bending light rays): h hhSpecial structures: horns, claws, nails, hoofs, hard plates hConvex and concave lens, telescopes h hhMammary glands: most mammals provide milk for their young hThe spectrum: ROY G. BV, infrared, ultraviolet h hhUnusual mammals: hEyes (the light detectors): ƒ hhMarsupials ƒParts of the eye: ƒ hhPlatypus and echidna: hatch from eggs ƒPupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve h hhGnawing mammals: hCornea h hhRodents (herbivores): rats, mice hEye conditions: nearsightedness, farsightedness h hhRabbits are not rodents hSir Isaac Newton and the eye ƒƒInsect-eating mammals: hhAnimal eyes: h hhAnt-eating mammals: giant anteater, aardvark, pangolin hCharacteristics of birds’ eyes ƒ hhInsectivores: shrews, moles, hedgehogs ƒInsects’ eyes ƒ hhBats ƒNight vision h hhDogs (canines): breeding, training hBinocular vision, monocular vision h hhCarnivores hSeeing color hhWild dogs: wolves, coyotes, foxes Activities & Demonstrations: hhCats (felines): hhMaking a lens and mirror collection hhDesigned to stalk: night vision, whiskers, rough tongue, padded hhObserving light reflectors feet hhObserving eyeshine hhWild cats: tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, etc. hhDemonstrating transparent, translucent, and opaque materials hhObserving mirrored impressions hhMaking a spectrum

Science cont. p. 93 92 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Geology Energy & Engines hhThe earth’s structure: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core hhForce and motion (engines): hhSoil (a natural resource): ƒƒForces necessary for motion: ƒƒHumus; conservation ƒƒForce of gravity, force of friction hhChemical and physical weathering hhForce of contact ƒƒRocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic hhElectricity and magnetism: hhMinerals: crystals and gemstones; mineralogists hhForce of electricity: positive and negative charges hhMetals: ƒƒForce of magnetism hhCharacteristics of metals hhWork and energy: hhGold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, mercury, uranium hhForms of energy; types of energy; transfers of energy hhHidden treasures: ƒƒEnergy for muscles hhFossil fuels: coal, oil ƒƒThe power of water and wind: windmills, water wheels hhHot springs and geysers ƒƒWater, ice, and steam: hhHollowed-out caves: stalactites, stalagmites, spelunkers hhThe three states of matter, changes in the states hhCharles Spurgeon: preacher who loved nature ƒƒWater’s three states hhInteresting treasures: ƒƒWater molecules in motion hhFossils: ƒƒThe power of steam: hhFormation, kinds hhPerformance under pressure hhPaleontologists hhSteam engine; steam locomotive hhMen who saw dinosaurs: Bible characters; others throughout hhThe power of internal combustion: history hhNecessary ingredients for combustion Activities & Demonstrations: hhGasoline and diesel engines hhGathering a rock collection hhThe power of jet propulsion: how a jet engine works hhDoing the acid test hhThe power of rocket engines: hhMaking a crystal garden hhRockets and oxygen hhIdentifying minerals hhModern rocketry hhIdentifying artificial fossils hhTwo types of rocket engines hhObserving physical weathering at work Activities & Demonstrations: Oceanography hhCalculating weight on the moon (effect of gravity) hhDemonstrating electrical charges hhThe sea is His: beauty, power, secrets hhObserving molecules move in water hhWater (the necessary resource): hhDemonstrating: ƒƒComposition of water hhImportance of oxygen in combustion ƒƒWater cycle hhMagnetic field hhTide and shore: hhTypes of tides, tidal zones Astronomy hhRocky shores ƒƒThe sun: ƒƒSandy shores ƒƒSize; a source of energy hhShellfish: mollusks, crustaceans hhLayers: core, photosphere, chromospheres, corona hhSea stars ƒƒThe stars: constellations of the northern and southern hemispheres hhBeauties of the coral reef: coral polyps; fish of the coral reefs ƒƒThe moon: hhSome seafaring mammals: ƒƒAppearance ƒƒWhales hhMoon seas, phases of the moon hhPinnipeds, sea otters hhEight planets: names, description of each hhWinged wanderers: albatrosses, gulls, penguins ƒƒAir: gases in the air, importance of air, atmosphere, air pressure hhPreserving the sea: hhThe wild blue yonder: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ther- hhOil spills mosphere, exosphere, magnetic field ƒƒConservation hhWernher von Braun: aerospace engineer Activities & Demonstrations: Activities & Demonstrations: hhGathering a seashell collection hhExploring space from your backyard hhMoving molecules hhDemonstrating: hhDemonstrating a miniature oil slick hhAir’s expansion and contraction in response to ­temperature hhAir pressure with an atmospheric egg

Science cont. p. 94 93 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Science cont. Weather hhInvestigating snow crystals ƒƒTemperatures and winds: hhBeing a weather prophet hhSolar rays; greenhouse effect Variety of Vertebrates hhSeasons: ƒƒClassification of animals hhResult of earth’s tilt on axis ƒƒWarm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates: definition hhThe winds: ƒƒBirds and flight: hhTemperature differences ƒƒStructure of feathers and bones hhAir pressure hhTypes of wings hhMajor wind systems hhPowerful breast muscles ƒ ƒWater vapor: humidity; condensation ƒƒFish: hhAtmosphere: ingredients for cloud formation; types of air masses, ƒƒStructure: gills, scales, swim bladder fronts hhTypes: jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish ƒƒClouds: ƒƒSnakes (reptiles): ƒƒShapes and names: ­cumulus, stratus, cirrus, combination clouds hhParts of a snake, venomous snakes, common snakes, constrictors hhFog hhTreatment of snakebites ƒƒPrecipitation: hhLizards (reptiles): defenses, types ƒƒRain, sleet, snowflakes: hhTurtles and crocodiles (reptiles): hhDry snow, wet snow, freezing rain, tropical rain hhArmor-like structure, parts of turtle shells ƒƒStorms: hhTypes of turtles and crocodiles hhHow a storm is produced ƒƒAmphibians: hhAnatomy of a cumulonimbus cloud ƒƒTypes ƒƒHailstones ƒƒTadpole metamorphosis hhTypes of lightning hhUnusual amphibians hhTornadoes: watches and warnings ƒƒLouis Agassiz: “America’s Greatest Science Teacher” (1847–1873) ƒƒStorm safety Activities & Demonstrations: hhWeather monitoring and forecasting hhConducting an egg watch Activities & Demonstrations: hhObserving fish hhBuilding a water barometer ƒƒRaising tadpoles hhCreating a wind system hhBuilding a hygrometer hhMaking fog

Health The active lifestyle presented in Enjoying Good Health emphasizes the Additional Helps significance of maintaining sound health habits. While reviewing the ƒƒWorksheets (11) muscular and respiratory systems of the human body, each student ƒƒPhysical exercises (7) is encouraged to measure his level of fitness. An in-depth study of the ƒƒMental exercise (1) circulatory system adds to the student’s knowledge of physical fitness. ƒ The study of nutrition focuses on the importance of a healthful diet and ƒDemonstrations: its effects on overall fitness and personal appearance. ƒƒMeasuring amount of air in breath ƒƒDetermining your optimal range Enjoying Good Health also stresses personal responsibility in overcom- ƒƒReview games (16) ing spiritual battles, concluding with a practical study of the Christian’s spiritual armor. Evaluation ƒƒPrinted quizzes (6) ƒƒHomework quizzes (3) ƒƒTests (4)  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Circulatory System hhRest: lactic acid, carbon dioxide, amount needed h hhBlood: cardiac muscle, arteries, capillaries, veins, plasma, red and hProtecting your heart: alcohol and tobacco use, cholesterol, physical white cells, antibodies, platelets fitness hhHeart: atrium, ventricle, valves hhCirculatory system: aorta, pulse, capillaries, venae cavae, varicose veins, blood pressure

Health cont. p. 95 94 GRADE 5

 RED indicates first introduction of content. Health cont. Nutrient Study hhDysentery ƒƒEnergy; diet hhCaffeine ƒƒNutrients: hhAids and hindrances to digestion ƒ hhSimple and complex carbohydrates ƒPleasant meals: manners hhSaturated and unsaturated fats Physical Fitness in Action: Exercise hhWater-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins ƒƒFactors: hhMinerals: phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, ƒƒAerobic endurance iodine, zinc ƒƒMuscular strength and endurance; agility hhDeficiency conditions: osteoporosis, goiter, anemia hhFlexibility ƒƒDaily Food Guide: malnutrition, balanced diet, Food Guide Pyramid­ ƒƒBody composition and 5 groups hhEnergy for activity: calories, metabolism Interpersonal Relationships ƒƒBalanced meals: a good breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks ƒƒSocial acceptance: ƒƒEnergy input and output: maintaining a healthy weight, obesity ƒƒInfluenced by personal appearance and hygiene: posture, halito- Digestive System sis, brushing, flossing, deodorant ƒƒInfluenced by actions: hhDigestive system: alimentary canal ƒƒPolite conversations; proper introductions hhParts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon ƒƒTelephone courtesy during incoming and outgoing calls ƒƒSaliva, gastric juices, bile hhRSVPs, thank-you notes hhExcretory system: kidneys, bladder ƒƒBeing a good friend hhJob of the liver in digestion hhMental awareness: potential, eye-gate, ear-gate, right attitudes, hhAbsorption and elimination: villi, colon, fiber ­gratitude ƒƒWater: hhSpiritual warfare: armor of God ƒƒImportance, amount needed hhSafe drinking water

Bible

Life of David Series 1 Fifth grade Bible is filled with many astounding stories about Bible characters such Young Evaluation as Moses, Ruth, Daniel, Samuel, and David. Students will also study Joshua’s life DAV IDFlash-a-Card ƒƒGraded memory verse and learn how his loyalty to God made him an excellent leader and caused him to passages (8) triumph in battle. These Bible stories will show students how God can do mighty ƒƒContent tests (5) acts when a person has faith in Him.

3 Lessons • 21 Cards 1 God Chooses David 2 David Kills Goliath 3 David and Jonathan Lesson Guide Included ´;,I!m¨ David Kills Goliath 27124101 abeka.com  RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 407 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work ƒƒSalvation Series (5 lessons) hhNew Scripture passages (8) containing 49 verses ƒƒLife of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journey ƒƒReview verses (97) through the Wilderness ƒƒTabernacle (3) Doctrinal Drill 59 questions/answers ƒ ƒƒFirst Christmas (5); Joshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3); Jonah (2) ƒIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation ƒƒCrucifixion and Resurrection (9); Life of Samuel (4) ƒƒ8 questions with verses to ­memorize as answers ƒƒLife of David Series (13): ƒƒYoung David, David in Hiding Prayer Time hhDavid the King ƒƒLearn to pray with thanksgiving­ for each other, our nation, those in ƒƒThe First Thanksgiving authority over us

Music 45 songs Sword Drills ƒƒChoruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, and patriotic songs: ƒƒLearn to quickly find 112 Old and New Testament references hh18 new hymns and songs; 12 new choruses

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Music One important foundation of a nation’s heritage is its music. Songs We Enjoy 5 contains songs that reflect the spirit and strength of the American people. These traditional, patri- otic, holiday, and fun songs have been delighting students for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and even more enjoyable for the students.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 66 songs Variety of Songs to Memorize ƒƒFollow a song leader, while singing with class or CD ƒƒPatriotic, folk, Americana, fun, spirituals and hymns, holiday, songs hhDefine and understand 17 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics at sea hhImprove coordination skills with songs that require hand motions ƒƒBenefit from fun activities that keep interest: ƒƒDynamic contrasts, singing in rounds hhTongue twisters ƒƒLearn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana music

Arts & Crafts Students use Art B to review fundamental principles of color with colored- Added Enrichment pencil renderings and watercolor paintings. Fifth graders will learn new con- ƒƒArt Appreciation cepts such as light and dark values, one-point perspective (with step-by-step ƒƒIntroduction to influential artists drawings), and symmetry. Students will enjoy using different types of media to such as Julius Schnorr von create three-dimensional forms. Art B also encourages students to appreciate Carolsfeld, Currier and Ives, art by introducing them to accomplished artists and art techniques. and Brian Jekel ƒƒArt forms: woodcuts, calligraphy, origami, and lithographs ƒƒIntroduction to well-known prints and works

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skill & Concept Development 37 projects Technique Development ƒƒPrimary, secondary, intermediate, complementary, analogous, and hhDrawing: sketching basic shapes (4) neutral hues hhShading; enlarging and reducing (4) hhValue: light and dark; watercolor; contrasting (12) ƒƒAnimation hhPerspective: horizon line, vanishing point (6) ƒƒModeling (4): hhSymmetry (4) ƒƒPaper shaping, paper cutting, paper folding hhFoil, imprinting, curling hhPainting: watercolor techniques (4)

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