Flag of Mali - a Brief History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Part of the “History of National Flags” Series from Flagmakers Flag of Mali - A Brief History Where In The World Trivia It is the reverse of the flag of Ghana. Technical Specification Adopted: 1st March 1961 Proportion: 2:3 Design: A green-gold-red vertical tricolour. Colours: PMS Green: 355 Red: 032 Yellow 109 Brief History The first flag in the area was that of the Wassoulou Empire that ruled between 1878 and 1880, it featured a blue, light blue and white tricolour with red triangle in the left hand side that featured a white seven-pointed star in the centre. When French colonised the area in 1880 and it became part of French West Africa the blue-white-red vertical tricolour was adopted. The Flag of the Wassoulou Empire The Flag of French West Africa (1878 -1880) (1880 -1960) When the area was renamed French Sudan in 1890 the flag remained the French tricolour. For a year in 1958 the area became an autonomous French Colony and the Kanaga, a human stick figure, was placed in the white band of the French Tricolour. The Flag of French Sudan The Flag of Sudanese Republic (1890 – 1899) (1958 – 1959) When Mali gained full independence in 1959 the design of a vertical tricolour with the Kanaga remained but Pan- African colours were adopted. The flag was now green-yellow-red. In 1961 the Kanaga was removed. The Flag of Mali The Flag of Mali (1959 – 1961) (1961 to Present Day) The Seal of Mali In 1961 a seal was chosen to represent an independent Mali, it featured a red green-bordered circle inside of which is a rising sun, bow and arrows and a castle with a dove flying above. In the green border is “REPUBLIC OF MALI” above and “ONE PEOPLE, ONE GOAL, ONE FAITH” below. The seal was changed in 1973. The green border was removed and the background became blue. Seal of Mali Seal of Mali (1961 – 1973) (1973 to Present Day) .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Stamps from Mali Were of Relatively Large Size and Compared to Surface Mail Stamps Their Topics Were Directed More Towards International Events and Organizations
African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 30; Jan Jansen Mali, April 2018 African Studies Centre Leiden African Postal Heritage APH Paper 30 Jan Jansen Stamp Emissions as a Sociological and Cultural Force – The Case of Mali Introduction Postage stamps and related objects are miniature communication tools, and they tell a story about cultural and political identities and about artistic forms of identity expressions. They are part of the world’s material heritage, and part of history. Ever more of this postal heritage becomes available online, published by stamp collectors’ organizations, auction houses, commercial stamp shops, online catalogues, and individual collectors. Virtually collecting postage stamps and postal history has recently become a possibility. These working papers about Africa are examples of what can be done. But they are work-in-progress! Everyone who would like to contribute, by sending corrections, additions, and new area studies can do so by sending an email message to the APH editors: Ton Dietz ([email protected]) and/or Jan Jansen ([email protected]). You are welcome! Disclaimer: illustrations and some texts are copied from internet sources that are publicly available. All sources have been mentioned. If there are claims about the copy rights of these sources, please send an email to [email protected], and, if requested, those illustrations will be removed from the next version of the working paper concerned. 1 African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH
[Show full text]
An Argument from Design
Raising the Standard: An Argument from Design Tony Burton Abstract The creative process and principles informing the design of some special purpose and other flags lead to conclusions for flag design in general. The dynamics of metaphor and shape- shifting are considered. The scope for greater pageantry and innovation in flag design is explored. Current national flags of complex or awkward design present a challenge. Possible remedies are suggested. To paraphrase a famous utterance, the known delivers the unknown, and as at least one national flag of recent vintage demonstrates, the unknown can lead to an unforeseen, but serendipitous result. Among the many instances of how not to design a flag, how to is more worthwhile. Vexillologists have higher standards. Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 83 RAISING THE STANDARD: AN ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN Tony Burton Flags Australia Tony Burton—Raising the Standard 84 Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology—2011 RAISING THE STANDARD: AN ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN INTRODUCTION FLAG DESIGN REALITIES GUIDELINES SOME CONGRESS FLAGS ICV 24 ICV 26 SHAPE-SHIFTING ICV 8 OTHER FLAGS CANADA BANGLADESH SURINAM(E) SOUTH AFRICA DESIGN CHANGE POSSIBILITIES MOZAMBIQUE CYPRUS DOMINICA ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES DESIGN ECONOMY AND A FUTURE FLAG AUSTRALIA EUREKA A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH RADICAL ORIGAMI A PARAGON OF DESIGN PRACTICAL GUIDELINES THE EUREKA MOMENT —A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX A BANNER OF THE 26TH ICV SYDNEY 2015 APPENDIX B CANADA’S FLAG DESIGN QUEST Tony Burton—Raising the Standard 85 Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology—2011 RAISING THE STANDARD: AN ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN INTRODUCTION Flags have evolved in many ways from the medieval models paraphrased in the title slide— and not always with their clarity and flair.
[Show full text]
The MLNA's Fight for a Secular State of Azawad
The MLNA's Fight for a Secular State of Azawad By: Anna Mahjar Barducci* On April 6, 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) seceded from Mali unilaterally and declared an independent State of Azawad. The MNLA is a secular Tuareg1 movement whose goal is the establishment of a secular state in Azawad that will respect the rights of all ethnic groups in the region (Tuareg, Moors2, Songhai and Peul). The MLNA has declared itself a partner of the West in the war on terrorism. However, despite its secular and pro-Western character, immediately after the secession the MNLA became the target of a smear campaign by international media,3 which tried to paint it as an Islamist movement. The campaign served the interest of the Malian government and of neighboring countries, which want to delegitimize the MNLA's struggle in order to avoid recognition of the State of Azawad. MLNA Seizes Two Historic Opportunities The MNLA seceded from Mali by taking advantage of two historic opportunities. One was provided by the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi. Desperately struggling for his survival, Gaddafi armed the Tuareg population in northern Mali, hoping they would help him quell the uprising against him. However, instead of turning their weapons against the Libyan rebels, the Tuaregs used them to take control of their own country. They were assisted by Tuaregs who immigrated to Libya in the 1960s and 1980s in search for a better life and joined the Libyan army, who defected from the tyrant's army and came to the aid of their brothers in Azawad.
[Show full text]
SOLT French Module 4 Lesson 2 Student Manual
SOLT French Module 4 Lesson 2 Student Manual Geography Geography French SOLT 1 Introduction Module 4 Lesson 2 At the end of the lesson, you will be able to identify countries and nationalities in French- speaking Africa. You will learn about the geography, people, certain ethnic groups, and languages that make-up Francophone Africa. Recognize Countries and Locations of Francophone Africa • Recognize location, the capital, and major cities of different African countries • Describe areas and borders of West Africa • Describe the geography of different countries in French-speaking Africa • Identify national flags of the countries in Francophone Africa • Talk about the location of the military installations • Brief about Francophone Africa Identify Nationalities • Identify languages in French-speaking Africa • Identify different ethnic groups • Describe demographic composition 39 Geography French SOLT 1 Introduction Module 4 Lesson 2 Francophone Africa: Geography / Areas and borders / location, the capitals, and major cities: Scenario: Amadou is talking about his native homeland. Read this portion of Amadou’s description about the basic geography of Francophone Africa, specifically le Sénégal. Pay attention to new vocabulary and phrases and answer the vrai or faux questions before a class discussion. Locations of major cities in Senegal is given on the next page. Le Sénégal Copyright: État d'Afrique occidentale, limité au nord par la Organisation internationale de la Mauritanie, à l'est par le Mali, au sud par la Guinée et la Francophonie : Guinée-Bissau, au sud-ouest par la Gambie (enclavée), à www.francophonie. org. l'ouest par l'océan Atlantique. Reprinted with 2 permission. Avec ses 196 720 km , le Sénégal présente en Afrique de l'Ouest une image triple: celle d'un pays plat, ouvert et flat, open contrasté.
[Show full text]
IMRAP, Interpeace. Self-Portrait of Mali on the Obstacles to Peace. March 2015
SELF-PORTRAIT OF MALI Malian Institute of Action Research for Peace Tel : +223 20 22 18 48 [email protected] www.imrap-mali.org SELF-PORTRAIT OF MALI on the Obstacles to Peace Regional Office for West Africa Tel : +225 22 42 33 41 [email protected] www.interpeace.org on the Obstacles to Peace United Nations In partnership with United Nations Thanks to the financial support of: ISBN 978 9966 1666 7 8 March 2015 As well as the institutional support of: March 2015 9 789966 166678 Self-Portrait of Mali on the Obstacles to Peace IMRAP 2 A Self-Portrait of Mali on the Obstacles to Peace Institute of Action Research for Peace (IMRAP) Badalabougou Est Av. de l’OUA, rue 27, porte 357 Tel : +223 20 22 18 48 Email : [email protected] Website : www.imrap-mali.org The contents of this report do not reflect the official opinion of the donors. The responsibility and the respective points of view lie exclusively with the persons consulted and the authors. Cover photo : A young adult expressing his point of view during a heterogeneous focus group in Gao town in June 2014. Back cover : From top to bottom: (i) Focus group in the Ségou region, in January 2014, (ii) Focus group of women at the Mberra refugee camp in Mauritania in September 2014, (iii) Individual interview in Sikasso region in March 2014. ISBN: 9 789 9661 6667 8 Copyright: © IMRAP and Interpeace 2015. All rights reserved. Published in March 2015 This document is a translation of the report L’Autoportrait du Mali sur les obstacles à la paix, originally written in French.
[Show full text]
The Case of Mali (2013–2016)
Transitioning from military interventions to long-term counter-terrorism policy The Case of Mali (2013–2016) Sergei Boeke April 2016 Transitioning from military interventions to long-term counter-terrorism policy: The case of Mali (2013-2016) Sergei Boeke ISSN 2452-0551 e-ISSN 2452-056X Preferred citation: Boeke, S. “Transitioning from military interventions to long-term counter-terrorism policy: The case of Mali (2013-2016)”, Leiden University – Institute of Security and Global Affairs (2016). © 2016, Sergei Boeke / Leiden University Cover design: Oscar Langley www.oscarlangley.com All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this report may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owners Leiden University and Australian National University and the author of the book. Contents Map of Mali 4 Preface 5 Policy Recommendations 6 A. Pre-intervention phase: improving decision-making by governments 6 B. Entry phase: the military intervention 8 C. Transition phase: towards local ownership 11 1 Introduction 16 2 Country and Conflict 19 2.1 Background 19 2.2 International context 20 2.3 Structural causes of conflict 25 2.4 Immediate causes of conflict 29 3 The pre-intervention phase 32 3.1 Decision-making and political context 32 3.2 International law and legality 34 3.3 Military planning and intelligence 35 3.4 Political
[Show full text]
Hunters' Associations and Mali's Search for a Civil Society
IRSH 53 (2008), Supplement, pp. 249–270 doi:10.1017/S0020859008003684 r 2008 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis From Guild to Rotary: Hunters’ Associations and Mali’s Search for a Civil Society* J AN J ANSEN Marifatigi be`e te` donso ye ‘‘Not every owner of a gun is a hunter’’ – Mande proverb INTRODUCTION: HISTORICAL IMAGINATION IN THE MANDE DIASPORA Any kinship system will challenge the people who use it with structural tensions that require socio-cultural organizational solutions; no kinship system is perfect, and societies change,1 while most societies depending for their existence on agriculture face a structural problem for younger brothers. If an agricultural way of life is carried out in one place, as it is in most of sub-Saharan Africa, people tend to settle in a particular area for a long time, and most such systems combine patrilineal kinship with a patrilocal settlement strategy. That means sons remain on their father’s compound or homestead and marry women from ‘‘elsewhere’’, regulating both biological reproduction and political support. The system works perfectly until population growth and scarcity of food and land or personal ambition put pressure on it. Since inheritance rights to the homestead will belong to the eldest son, that pressure can lead to ﬁssion or to the departure of younger brothers. A good way to deal with the resulting tension is awarding to younger brothers tasks and duties outside the homestead or compound, hunting being the external activity par excellence, which I will illustrate by discussing developments in the ‘‘Mande World’’, particularly in modern-day Mali.
[Show full text]
Flag of Guinea - a Brief History
Part of the “History of National Flags” Series from Flagmakers Flag of Guinea - A Brief History Where In The World Trivia The flag is the reverse of the flag of Mali. Technical Specification Adopted: 10th November 1958 Proportion: 2:3 Design: A red-yellow-green vertical tricolour. Colours: PMS Yellow: 109 Red: 032 Green: 355 Brief History Throughout the centuries many Empires have ruled the area known as Guinea. The first known flag in the area was that of the Wassoulou Empire who came to rule in 1878. The flag was a blue, light blue and white horizontal tricolour, with a red triangle on the left hand side and 7-pointed white star with red diamond inside. When French Colonial Army overthrew the Wassoulou Empire in 1898 and the area became a French Colony. The French blue-white-red vertical tricolour was then used as the national flag. The Flag of the Wassoulou Empire The French Tricolour (1878 – 1898) (1894 -1958) In 1958 Guinea gained independence from France after a landslide vote against autonomy. The newly independent country decided to link with Mali to form the Union of African States. The flag was a horizontal red-yellow-green tricolour with two black stars in the centre. When Mail joined the union in 1960 a third black star was added. The union was dissolved in 1963. The Flag of Alexandria The Flag of Aswan The Flag of Asyut The first national flag of Guinea was also adopted in 1958. It features the same red-yellow-green Pan-African movement’s colours as the Union of African States but in a vertical tricolour to reflect it’s past as a French colony.
[Show full text]
Ancient Ghana and Mali
Ancient Ghana and Mali http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip100013 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Ancient Ghana and Mali Alternative title Studies in African History, no. 7 Author/Creator Levtzion, Nehemiah Publisher London: Methuen Date 1973 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu;Djenné;Unknown, West Africa, Inland Niger Delta Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT532.15 .L48 1980X Rights By kind permission of Tirtza Levtzion and Methuen (Studies in African History Series). Description Contents. Preface to the 1980 reprints. Preface to the First Edition.
[Show full text]
The Mali Fedefcition
THE MALI FEDEFCITION: A CASE STUDY CF POLITICAL IXTEGRATION by CURT CORNELIS FREDERIK WOLTERS A THESIS Presented to the Institute of International Studies z,nd Overseas Adr,;inistrotion and the CIrLduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June, 1966 APPROVE dviser for t David J. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to Or. Vernon R. Dorjahn, whose extensive knowledge of traditional African societies and their processes of social change was of great help in providing me with the necessary background relative to the traditional setting of the peoples in the West- ern Sudan. At several points in the preparation of this thesis, the guidance and penetrating criticism of the thesis adviser, Dr. David J. Finlay, were of invaluable assistance. For this I am indeed grateful. Fortunately for advisers, they are not held responsible for the deficiencies of their students, and I am the first to admit the obvious inadequacies of this study. Dr. Finlay and others who contributed in lesser ways are, needless to say, absolved of any and all taints for its shortcomings. Finally, I want to express my indebtedness to my wife, Sara, for her support and her long hours of typing, and to my daughter, Gwyn, whose daddy was often too busy to be to her what she deserved. C. C. W. May, 1966 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROUND TO THE INTEGRATION PROCESSES 11 1. The Physical and Human Environment as Underlying Factors of Historical and Economic Developments in the Western Sudan 11 2.
[Show full text]
Nature As a Source of National Symbols: 'Case Study—Africa' Природата Како Извор На Национале
ПРИРОДАТА КАКО ИЗВОР НА НАЦИОНАЛЕН NATURE AS A SOURCE OF СИМБОЛ НА ДРЖАВАТА: NATIONAL SYMBOLS: „СЛУЧАЈ АФРИКА“ ‘CASE STUDY—AFRICA’ Никола Стојаноски Nikola Stojanoski Македонско грбословно друштво, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3081-9039 Macedonian Heraldic Society, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3081-9039 УДК 929.623/.624(6) UDC 929.623/.624(6) АПСТРАКТ Целта на анализата на знамињата на ABSTRACT: независните држави во Африка во овој The goals of the analysis of the flags преглед се боите и нивната симболика. of the independent countries in Africa Во главниот фокус на анализата се боите in this review are the colours and their ВЕКСИЛОЛОГИЈА • VEXILLOLOGY кои симболизираат некое природно бо- symbolism. The focus is on the colours гатство. Следствено на тоа, резултатите that symbolize certain natural abun- од прегледoт наведуваат на фактот дека dance. The review shows that out of 54 од 54 државни знамиња во Африка дури state flags in Africa, 40 have a graphic 40 државни знамиња имаат графичко representation of certain natural or geo- претставување на некоја природна или graphical features. The reasons for such географска карактеристика на државата. a symbolism vary. However, one com- Мотивите за таквото задавaње на симболиката mon mutual and uniting feature of all 40 flags се од различна природа, но една општа заеднич- is embracing “pan-African” graphic symbolism ка и обединувачка црта за сите овие 40 знамиња and colours in response to the dark colonial past е избегнувањето на графички симболики или and avoiding certain ethnic elements in these бои кои се поврзуваат со мрачното колонијално multinational African countries. минато, а воедно избегнувајќи одредени етнич- ки елементи во овие повеќенационални афри- кански држави.
[Show full text]
CULTURAL ORIENTATION | French-Mali
FRENCH-MALI Great Mosque of Djenné Flickr / Baron Reznik DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER CULTURAL ORIENTATION | French-Mali TABLE OF CONTENT Profile Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Important Elements of Geography .......................................................................... 6 Climate ..................................................................................................................6 Geographic Divisions .................................................................................................. 6 Sahara ...................................................................................................................6 Sahelian Savanna ................................................................................................7 Flooded Savanna .................................................................................................8 Plateaus .................................................................................................................8 Bodies of Water ............................................................................................................ 9 Niger River ............................................................................................................9 Senegal River .......................................................................................................9 Major Cities ..................................................................................................................10
[Show full text]