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Masamune Oguri
New directions in strong lensing Masamune Oguri RESCEU/Physics/Kavli IPMU University of Tokyo 2019/8/23 CosmoCruise@Sea Reference − arXiv:1907.06830 Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients Masamune Oguri1,2,3 1Research Center for the Early Universe, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 2Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 3Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Recent rapid progress in time domain surveys makes it possible to detect various types of explosive transients in the Universe in large numbers, some of which will be gravitationally lensed into multiple images. Although alargenumberofstronglylenseddistantgalaxiesandquasarshavealready been discovered, strong lensing of explosive transients opens up new applications, including improved measurements of cosmological parameters, powerful probes of small scale structure of the Universe, and new observational tests of dark matter scenarios, thanks to their rapidly evolving light curves as well as their compact sizes. In particular, the compactness of these transient events indicates that the wave optics e↵ect plays an important role in some cases, which can lead to totally new applications of these lensing events. Recently we have witnessed first discoveries of strongly lensed supernovae, and strong lensing events of other types of explosive transients such as gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, and gravitational waves from compact binary mergers are expected to be observed soon. In this review article, we summarize the current state of research on strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients and discuss future prospects. -
Lessons from the First Multiply Imaged Supernova: a Revised Light-Traces
Draft version August 26, 2020 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX63 Lessons from the first multiply imaged supernova: A revised Light-Traces-Mass strong lensing model for the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 Adi Zitrin1 1Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel (Received; Revised; Accepted) Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT Our light-traces-mass (LTM) strong-lensing model for MACS J1149.5+2223 has played several key roles over the last decade: it aided the identification of multiple images in this cluster and the study of MACS1149-JD1 at redshift z ' 9, it was used to estimate the properties of the first multiply imaged supernova, Refsdal, in its discovery paper, and of the first caustic crossing event by a cluster, Lensed Star 1. Supernova Refsdal supplied an invaluable opportunity to conduct a blind test of the ability of common lens-modeling techniques to accurately describe the properties of SN Refsdal's images and predict the reappearance of one of its counter images that was due about a year post-discovery of the original Einstein cross. Thanks to this practice, in which our submitted model yielded some outlying results, we located a numerical artifact in the time delay (TD) calculation part of the code, which was now fixed. This artifact did not influence the reproduction of multiple images (i.e., the deflection fields { which are those constrained directly from the observations) or the derived mass model, and so it remained unnoticed prior to supernova Refsdal, emphasizing the importance of blind tests in astronomy. -
Fundamental Properties of Core-Collapse Supernova and GRB Progenitors: Predicting the Look of Massive Stars Before Death
A&A 558, A131 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321906 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics Fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova and GRB progenitors: predicting the look of massive stars before death Jose H. Groh1, Georges Meynet1, Cyril Georgy2, and Sylvia Ekström1 1 Geneva Observatory, Geneva University, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] 2 Astrophysics group, EPSAM, Keele University, Lennard-Jones Labs, ST5 5BG Keele, UK Received 16 May 2013 / Accepted 20 August 2013 ABSTRACT We investigate the fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova (SN) progenitors from single stars at solar metallicity. For this purpose, we combine Geneva stellar evolutionary models with initial masses of Mini = 20−120 M with atmospheric and wind models using the radiative transfer code CMFGEN. We provide synthetic photometry and high-resolution spectra of hot stars at the pre-SN stage. For models with Mini = 9−20 M, we supplement our analysis using publicly available MARCS model atmospheres of RSGs to estimate their synthetic photometry. We employ well-established observational criteria of spectroscopic classification and find that, depending on their initial mass and rotation, massive stars end their lives as red supergiants (RSG), yellow hypergiants (YHG), luminous blue variables (LBV), and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars of the WN and WO spectral types. For rotating models, we obtained the + following types of SN progenitors: WO1–3 (Mini ≥ 32 M), WN10–11 (25 < Mini < 32 M), LBV (20 ≤ Mini ≤ 25 M), G1 Ia (18 < Mini < 20 M), and RSGs (9 ≤ Mini ≤ 18 M). For non-rotating models, we found spectral types WO1–3 (Mini > 40 M), WN7–8 (25 < Mini ≤ 40 M), WN11h/LBV (20 < Mini ≤ 25 M), and RSGs (9 ≤ Mini ≤ 20 M). -
HOLISMOKES--I. Highly Optimised Lensing Investigations of Supernovae, Microlensing Objects, and Kinematics of Ellipticals and Spirals
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. holismokesI ©ESO 2020 November 13, 2020 HOLISMOKES - I. Highly Optimised Lensing Investigations of Supernovae, Microlensing Objects, and Kinematics of Ellipticals and Spirals S. H. Suyu1; 2; 3, S. Huber1; 2, R. Cañameras1, M. Kromer4, S. Schuldt1; 2, S. Taubenberger1, A. Yıldırım1, V. Bonvin5, J. H. H. Chan5, F. Courbin5, U. Nöbauer1; 6, S. A. Sim7, and D. Sluse8 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany 3 Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), 11F of ASMAB, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 4 Heidelberger Institut für Theoretische Studien, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany 5 Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland 6 MunichRe IT 1.6.4.1, Königinstraße 107, 80802, Munich, Germany 7 Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK 8 STAR Institute, Quartier Agora - Allée du six Août, 19c B-4000 Liège, Belgium Received February –, 2020; accepted – ABSTRACT We present the HOLISMOKES programme on strong gravitational lensing of supernovae as a probe of supernova (SN) physics and cosmology. We investigate the effects of microlensing on early-phase SN Ia spectra using four different SN explosion models, and find that within 10 rest-frame days after SN explosion, distortions of SN Ia spectra due to microlensing are typically negligible (<1% distortion within the 1σ spread, and .10% distortion within the 2σ spread). -
The Possible Detection of a Binary Companion to a Type Ibn Supernova Progenitor J
The Astrophysical Journal, 833:128 (6pp), 2016 December 20 doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/128 © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. THE POSSIBLE DETECTION OF A BINARY COMPANION TO A TYPE IBN SUPERNOVA PROGENITOR J. R. Maund1,7, A. Pastorello2, S. Mattila3,4, K. Itagaki5, and T. Boles6 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK 2 INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova. Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy 3 Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland 4 Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland 5 Itagaki Astronomical Observatory, Teppo-cho, 990-2492 Yamagata, Japan 6 Coddenham Astronomical Observatory, Suffolk IP6 9QY, UK Received 2016 April 28; revised 2016 August 23; accepted 2016 September 20; published 2016 December 13 ABSTRACT We present late-time observations of the site of the Type Ibn supernova (SN) 2006jc, acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys. A faint blue source is recovered at the SN position, with brightness mFW435 =26.76 0.20, mFW555 =26.60 0.23 and mFW625 =26.32 0.19 mag, although there is no detection in a contemporaneous narrow-band Ha image. The spectral energy distribution of the late-time source is well-fit by a stellar-like spectrum (logTeff > 3.7 and log LL > 4), subject to only a small degree of reddening —consistent with that estimated for SN2006jc itself at early-times. The lack of further outbursts after the explosion of SN2006jc suggests that the precursor outburst originated from the progenitor. -
OGLE-2014-SN-131: a Long-Rising Type Ibn Supernova from a Massive Progenitor E
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. output c ESO 2017 March 8, 2017 OGLE-2014-SN-131: A long-rising Type Ibn supernova from a massive progenitor E. Karamehmetoglu1, F. Taddia1, J. Sollerman1, Ł. Wyrzykowski2, S. Schmidl3, M. Fraser4, C. Fremling1, J. Greiner5; 6, C. Inserra7, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska2; 8; 9, K. Maguire7, S. Smartt7, M. Sullivan10, and D. R. Young7 1 Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland. 3 Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany. 4 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK. 5 Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. 6 Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany. 7 Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK. 8 SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands. 9 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 10 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. Received date / Accepted date ABSTRACT Context. Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are thought to be the core-collapse explosions of massive stars whose ejecta interact with He-rich circumstellar material (CSM). Aims. We report the discovery of a SN Ibn, with the longest rise-time ever observed, OGLE-2014-SN-131. We discuss the potential powering mechanisms and the progenitor nature of this peculiar stripped-envelope (SE), circumstellar-interacting SN. -
The Acceleration of the Universe in the Light of Supernovae
The acceleration of the Universe in the light of supernovae The key role of CTIO • Mario Hamuy • Universidad de Chile Composition of the Universe Materia Ordinaria 4% Materia Oscura 26% Energía Oscura 70% The Tololo Nearby Supernova Survey First digital light curves of supernovae (cz < 2000 km/sec) SN 1986G SN 1987A SN 1989B SN 1990N SN 1991bg SN 1991T SN 1992A SN 1994D Supernova 1987A M1:The scientific career is full of surprises El Universo en aceleración Cerro Calán, 12 Junio 2009 Supernova 1987A – 16” Telescope National Geographic 1987 Supernova 1987A – Observations from Tololo Compact star Co Decay Dust Formation Workshop Santa Cruz – California - 1989 Workshop Santa Cruz – California - 1989 Leibundgut The absolute magnitudes of supernovae Baade 1938 -> Mpg = -14.3 +/- 1.1 mag Van den Bergh 1960 -> Mpg = -18.7 +/- 1.1 mag (Type Ia) Kowal 1968 - First Hubble Diagram σ = 0.61 mag The Calán/Tololo Project (1989-1996) - Members Roberto Avilés Mario Hamuy Nick Suntzeff Bob Schommer •MarkMark Phillips Phillips José Maza Roberto Antezana Luis González Paulina Lira Lisa Wells Marina Wischnjewski Cerro El Roble Supernova Search (1979-1984) José Maza Marina Wischnjewsky Luis González Juan Parra Pedro Hernández Zeiss-Jena Blink comparator 50 supernovae ! SN 1980N (Fornax A) SN 1983K Apoyo de: ´ Maksutuv Telescope at El Roble Observatory Enrique d Etigny Claudio Anguita Hugo Moreno Propuesta Búsqueda a FONDECYT 1991 No -- 1992 Si M2:If you lose a competition, you must persevere! Calán/Tololo - Search La Serena Santiago Photographic Plate Cámara -
New Regimes in the Observation of Core-Collapse Supernovae
New Regimes in the Observation of Core-Collapse Supernovae Maryam Modjaz1;2, Claudia P. Gutierrez´ 3, and Iair Arcavi4 1Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University, 726 The CCSN Classification Landscape Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA 2Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute,162 5th Av- enue, 10010, New York, NY, USA SN classification has been a challenge since the 1940’s [2], 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, but especially recently, as innovative surveys have brought a Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK large increase of new and debated types. Classification schemes 4The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv are important as physically motivated ones can give crucial in- 69978, Israel sight into the explosion physics and stellar evolution pathways that lead to the different kinds of important explosions. Core-collapse Supernovae (CCSNe) mark the deaths of stars The classical classification scheme [e.g., 3, 4] relies mostly more massive than about eight times the mass of the sun on spectra and has two main types: Type I SNe (SNe I) which (M ) and are intrinsically the most common kind of catas- do not show hydrogen lines, and Type II SNe (SNe II) which do. trophic cosmic explosions. They can teach us about many In Figure 1 (left panel), we present spectra around peak important physical processes, such as nucleosynthesis and brightness of the main CCSN classes. Among them, SNe II stellar evolution, and thus, they have been studied exten- are perhaps the most heterogeneous class with a large range of sively for decades. -
Astrotalk: Behind the News Headlines of May 2016
AstroTalk: Behind the news headlines of May 2016 Richard de Grijs (何锐思) (Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University) Supernovae and gravitational lenses: A true match made in heaven! During the last week of May 2016, I organized an international conference at the International Space Science Institute in Beijing. The meeting’s main aim was to update our understanding of the different, cutting-edge techniques we now use routinely to determine accurate distances to a wide variety of objects across the Universe. At the end of the week, I looked back with great satisfaction at a series of very high-quality presentations by some 45 scientists from around the world and numerous in-depth discussions, all conducted in a constructive, friendly atmosphere. Indeed, I consider this workshop to have been one of the most successful and pleasant meetings I have ever been responsible for, while also having rekindled old friendships and making many new friends, too. A large subset of the presentations offered exciting new results, leaving me with the impression that we are truly on the verge of a new era of precision distance determination in astronomy. However, one presentation in particular left me truly awe-struck. My colleague and friend Sherry Suyu, affiliated with both the Academia Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (Taiwan) and the Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics (Germany), told us about her team’s work on using so-called ‘gravitational lenses’—massive foreground objects that bend light, but more about how this works below—as distance tracers. Her team had serendipitously discovered a supernova—an exploding massive star at the end of its life—that had been gravitationally lensed into multiple images. -
Strongly Lensed Supernovae in Well-Studied Galaxy Clusters with the Vera C
S S symmetry Article Strongly Lensed Supernovae in Well-Studied Galaxy Clusters with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Tanja Petrushevska Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovšˇcina,Slovenia; [email protected] Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Abstract: Strong lensing by galaxy clusters can be used to significantly expand the survey reach, thus allowing observation of magnified high-redshift supernovae that otherwise would remain undetected. Strong lensing can also provide multiple images of the galaxies that lie behind the clusters. Detection of strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is especially useful because of their standardizable brightness, as they can be used to improve either cluster lensing models or independent measurements of cosmological parameters. The cosmological parameter, the Hubble constant, is of particular interest given the discrepancy regarding its value from measurements with different approaches. Here, we explore the feasibility of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) of detecting strongly lensed SNe in the field of five galaxy clusters (Abell 1689 and Hubble Frontier Fields clusters) that have well-studied lensing models. Considering the 88 systems composed of 268 individual multiple images in the five cluster fields, we find that the LSST will be sensitive to SNe Ia (SNe IIP) exploding in 41 (23) galaxy images. The range of redshift of these galaxies is between 1.01 < z < 3.05. During its 10 years of operation, LSST is expected to detect 0.2 ± 0.1 SN Ia and 0.9 ± 0.3 core collapse SNe. -
Space Traveler 1St Wikibook!
Space Traveler 1st WikiBook! PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Fri, 25 Jan 2013 01:31:25 UTC Contents Articles Centaurus A 1 Andromeda Galaxy 7 Pleiades 20 Orion (constellation) 26 Orion Nebula 37 Eta Carinae 47 Comet Hale–Bopp 55 Alvarez hypothesis 64 References Article Sources and Contributors 67 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 69 Article Licenses License 71 Centaurus A 1 Centaurus A Centaurus A Centaurus A (NGC 5128) Observation data (J2000 epoch) Constellation Centaurus [1] Right ascension 13h 25m 27.6s [1] Declination -43° 01′ 09″ [1] Redshift 547 ± 5 km/s [2][1][3][4][5] Distance 10-16 Mly (3-5 Mpc) [1] [6] Type S0 pec or Ep [1] Apparent dimensions (V) 25′.7 × 20′.0 [7][8] Apparent magnitude (V) 6.84 Notable features Unusual dust lane Other designations [1] [1] [1] [9] NGC 5128, Arp 153, PGC 46957, 4U 1322-42, Caldwell 77 Centaurus A (also known as NGC 5128 or Caldwell 77) is a prominent galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the galaxy's fundamental properties such as its Hubble type (lenticular galaxy or a giant elliptical galaxy)[6] and distance (10-16 million light-years).[2][1][3][4][5] NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth, so its active galactic nucleus has been extensively studied by professional astronomers.[10] The galaxy is also the fifth brightest in the sky,[10] making it an ideal amateur astronomy target,[11] although the galaxy is only visible from low northern latitudes and the southern hemisphere. -
Annualreport
2 17 ANNUALREPORT 17 20 TABLEOFCONTENTS 1 Trustee’s Update 2 Director’s Update 3 Science Highlights 30 Technical Support Highlights 34 Development Highlights 37 Public Program Highlights 40 Putnam Collection Center Highlights 41 Communication Highlights 43 Peer-Reviewed Publications 49 Conference Proceedings & Abstracts 59 Statement of Financial Position TRUSTEE’SUPDATE By W. Lowell Putnam About a decade ago the phrase, unique, enriching and transformative “The transformational effect of the as well. We are committed to building DCT”, started being used around the on that in all that we are doing going Observatory. We were just beginning forward. to understand that a 4 meter class We are not the only growing entity telescope was going to be more in the Flagstaff area. There has seen impactful than our original, and naïve, substantial growth at NAU, at our other concept of “2x the Perkins”. Little did we partner institutions and in the number know then, and we are still learning just of high technology, for-profit business in how transforming the DCT has been. the region. This collective growth is now As you read Jeff’s report and look creating opportunities for collaboration through the rest of this report you can and partnerships that did not exist a begin to see the results in terms of decade ago. We have the potential scientific capability and productivity. to do things that we would not have The greater awareness of Lowell on considered even a few years ago. The the regional and national level has challenge will be doing them in ways also lead to the increases in the public that keep the Observatory the collegial program, and the natural progression and collaborative haven that it has to building a better visitor program and always been.