Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)
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Perspectives in Phycology
Entomologia Generalis, Vol. 37 (2018), Issues 3–4, 197–230 Article Published in print July 2018 The Phenomenon of Metathetely, formerly known as Prothetely, in Raphidioptera (Insecta: Holometabola: Neuropterida)** Horst Aspöck1, Viktoria Abbt2, Ulrike Aspöck3,4 and Axel Gruppe2* 1 Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria 2 Chair of Zoology – Entomology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Hans-Carl- von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany 3 Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria 4 Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria * Corresponding author: [email protected] With 36 figures and 4 tables Abstract: For completion of their life cycle, most snakefly species require two years, some only one, and others (at least single specimens) three years or more. In most species, the larvae of the final stage hibernate in a state of quiescence, pupate in spring and emerge as adults shortly thereafter. Hibernation starts when the temperature decreases, thus inducing quiescence in the larva. If the temperature decrease is withheld during the last hibernation, the larvae remain active and usually continue to molt, but will not pupate successfully in spring. Moreover, most of them will die prematurely and prior to that will often develop considerable pathomor- phological alterations of the eyes, sometimes also the antennae, some develop wing pads and occasionally even pathomorphological modifications of the last abdominal segments. Until now, this phenomenon in Raphidioptera has been inaccurately referred to as “prothetely”; how- ever, in reality, it represents “metathetely”. -
Neuropterida of the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England, with a Study on Fossil and Extant Raphidioptera
NEUROPTERIDA OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHERN ENGLAND, WITH A STUDY ON FOSSIL AND EXTANT RAPHIDIOPTERA A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 JAMES EDWARD JEPSON SCHOOL OF EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES.......................................................................................................................8 TABLES......................................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................14 LAY ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................15 DECLARATION...........................................................................................................16 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT...........................................................................................17 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.................................................................................................18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................19 FRONTISPIECE............................................................................................................20 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................21 1.1. The Project.......................................................................................................21 -
Arboreal Arthropod Predation on Early Instar Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth Redacted for Privacy
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Becky L. Fichter for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomologypresented onApril 23, 1984. Title: Arboreal Arthropod Predation on Early Instar Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: William P. StOphen Loss of early instar Douglas-fir tussock moth( Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough) (DFTM) has been found to constitute 66-92% of intra-generation mortality and to be a key factor in inter-generation population change. This death has been attributed to dispersal and to arthropod predation, two factors previously judged more important to an endemic than an outbreak population. Polyphagous arthropod predators are abundant in the forest canopy but their predaceous habits are difficult to document or quantify. The purpose of the study was to develop and test a serological assay, ELISA or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for use as an indirect test of predation. Development of this assay involved production of an antiserum reactive with DFTM but not reactive with material from any coexisting lepidopteran larvae. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was used to select a minimally cross-reactive fraction of DFTM hemolymph as the antigen source so that a positive response from a field-collected predator would correlate unambiguously with predation on DFTM. Feeding trials using Podisus maculiventris Say (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) and representative arboreal spiders established the rate of degredation of DFTM antigens ingested by these predators. An arbitrary threshold for deciding which specimens would be considered positive was established as the 95% confidence interval above the mean of controls. Half of the Podisus retained 0 reactivity for 3 days at a constant 24 C. -
The Species of the Snakefly Genus Xanthostigma (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from China
Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 109–116 (January 2016), DOI: 10.11865/zs.201608 CORRESPONDENCE The species of the snakefly genus Xanthostigma (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from China Zhigang Wu1, Xingyue Liu2 1Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China 2Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The order Raphidioptera, particularly the family Raphidiidae, is a rare insect group from China. In the present paper, Xanthostigma xanthostigma (Schummel, 1832) of Raphidiidae is newly recorded in China. The Chinese species of the genus Xanthostigma are redescribed and illustrated, with updated information of their geographical distributions. Key words Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Xanthostigma, snakefly, China. Raphidioptera (snakeflies) is a distinctive, minor holometabolous insect order in the superorder Neuropterida, and the adults are distinguished by the prognathous head, the narrowly elongate prothorax, and the elongate female ovipositor. Extant snakeflies consist of 33 genera and ca. 240 species, all of which are placed in two families, Raphidiidae and Inocelliidae (Haring et al., 2011; Aspöck et al., 2012). China is a vast territory comprising large areas with apparently excellent ecological conditions for snakeflies. However, there are only 30 described snakefly species sorted in three genera of Inocelliidae and two of Raphidiidae (Liu, unpublished data). Compared with the Chinese fauna of Inocelliidae, the fauna of Raphidiidae are much fewer in China, with only 10 species, six of which are distributed in mainland China but the remaining four are endemic to Taiwan (Liu et al., 2011a, b). Among the Chinese raphidiid species, nine species belong to the genus Mongoloraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1968 (about 60 species in the world), while the other one belongs to the genus Xanthostigma Navás, 1909 (only five species in the world) (Aspöck & Aspöck, 1990; Aspöck et al., 1991, 1998; Liu et al., 2011a, b). -
Early Eocene Snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of Western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation
Zootaxa 4951 (1): 041–079 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:557825A0-714A-426A-917F-1C9AB7372C30 Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD1,2,3 & VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN4* 1Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4397-2497 2Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America 3Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 9W2, Canada 4Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivo- stok, Russia *Corresponding author. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-0461 Abstract Four new species of Raphidiidae are described from the early Eocene of western North America: Megaraphidia antiquissima sp. nov. from McAbee, M. ootsa sp. nov. from Driftwood Canyon, M. hopkinsi sp. nov. from the Allenby Formation (all from British Columbia, Canada), M. klondika sp. nov. from Republic (Washington, United States of America). Archiinocellia Handlirsch, 1910, Archiinocellia oligoneura Handlirsch, 1910 from Horsefly River (British Columbia, Canada), and A. protomaculata (Engel, 2011), comb. nov., from the Green River Formation (Colorado, United States of America) are redescribed. Archiinocellia is assigned to Raphidiidae, sit. nov. The apparent absence of sclerotized gonocoxites 9 in the Archiinocellia protomaculata male is probably plesiomorphic at the family level. -
A Checklist of the Neuropterid Insects of British Columbia (Insecta: M Egaloptera, Neuroptera and Raphidioptera) with a Summary of Their Geographic Distribution
J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 106, DECEMBER 2009 17 A checklist of the Neuropterid insects of British Columbia (Insecta: M egaloptera, Neuroptera and Raphidioptera) with a summary of their geographic distribution GEOFFREY G.E. SCUDDER1 and ROBERT A. CANNINGS2 ABSTRACT The Neuropterid orders in British Columbia consist of the Megaloptera, Neuroptera and Raphidioptera. Twelve families containing 89 species are represented. The distribution of these species is documented with reference to the 9 terrestrial ecoprovinces in British Columbia. Collection localities are given for species represented by 5 or fewer sites. Four species, 2 of Coniopterygidae and 2 of Hemerobiidae, are considered alien intro- ductions. INTRODUCTION The first list of British Columbia (BC) order, the Neuroptera. Most of the more neuropterid insects was published by recent research on these 3 taxa in BC, Spencer (1942) at a time when the 3 orders which include both aquatic and terrestrial in this group of insects that occur in the species, was summarized by Cannings and province (Megaloptera, Neuroptera and Scudder (2001) and Scudder et al. (2001). Raphidioptera) were considered as a single M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS The list of species here considered as recorded. An ecoprovince is an area with occurring in BC follows the classification consistent climatic or oceanographic, to- of Oswald and Penny (1991) and Penny et pographic and geological history al. (1997), with some nomenclature (Meidinger and Pojar 1991, Demarchi changes published since. In the recent lit- 1996). There are 10 ecoprovinces in BC; erature, Garland and Kevan (2007) have their size and broad internal uniformity discussed the Chrysopidae, and Cannings make them ideal units for the general dis- and Cannings (2006) the Mantispidae. -
North American Geology
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Hubert Work, Secretary U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George Otis Smith, Director Bulletin 802 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY FOR 1925 AND 1926 BY JOHN M. NICKLES UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1928 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 40 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS Page Introduction. __ ______!____ _ _____________. 1 Serials examined_______________________________.. 3 Bibliography____________________________________ 9 Index______________________________________. 187 Lists________________________________________. 274 Chemical analyses______________________ ___ . 274 Mineral analyses_______________i_________________ . 276 Minerals described_____________________________. 276 Rocks described _______ _ . 278 Geologic formations described . 279 in BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY FOE 1925 AND 1926 By JOHN M. NICKLES INTRODUCTION The bibliography of North American geology, including paleon tology, petrology, and mineralogy, for the years 1925 and 1926 con tains publications on the geology of the Continent of North America and adjacent islands and on Panama and the Hawaiian Islands. It includes textbooks and papers of general character by American au thors, but not those by foreign authors, except papers that appear in American publications. The papers, with full title and medium of publication are listed under the names of their authors, which are arranged in alphabetic order. The author list is followed by an index to the literature listed. The bibliography of North American geology is comprised in the following bulletins of the United States Geological Survey: No. 127 (1732-1892); Nos. 188 and 189 (1892-1900); No. 301 (1901-1905); No. 372 (1906-7); No. 409 (1908); No. 444 (1909); No. 495 (1910); No. -
A New Species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the Late Eocene Rovno Amber, With
Zootaxa 4576 (3): 570–580 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4994B0F7-3CB4-4DDE-99CB-BCD061D5730C A new species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber, with venation characteristics of the genus EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY1, 2 & VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN3, 4 1Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine 2Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, Moscow, 117997, Russia 3Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladi- vostok, 690022, Russia 4Corresponding author. E-mail:[email protected] Abstract Succinoraphidia radioni sp. nov. (Raphidiidae) is described from the late Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. The genus also includes two species from contemporaneous Baltic amber, i.e., S. exhibens Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 and S. baltica (Car- penter, 1957), comb. nov. The venation of Succinoraphidia is analysed. It possesses several plesiomorphic character states at the family level, and the monotypic subfamily Succinoraphidinae represents a basal group within the family or possibly even a potential stem group of Raphidiidae. All diagnostic character states of Succinoraphidia (except the structure of the pterostigma) are found in a few Cretaceous species of the paraphyletic Mesoraphidiidae, but some of these are not found in the extant Raphidiidae. Key words: Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Eocene, Rovno amber, Baltic amber Introduction The order Raphidioptera (or snakeflies) is today one of the smallest holometabolous insect orders, comprising ca. -
A Revision of the Late Eocene Snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with Special Reference to the Wing Venation of the Raphidiomorpha
Zootaxa 3784 (4): 401–444 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D5E03502-7BD3-41F4-A4CF-5537B1462A23 A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN1 & S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD2,3,4,5 1Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6. E-mail: [email protected] 3Royal BC Museum, Victoria, BC 4Department of Entomology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, USA 5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 401 Introduction . 402 Material and methods . 403 Systematic paleontology . 405 Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758. 405 Order Raphidioptera Navás, 1916 . 405 Suborder Raphidiomorpha Engel, 2002 . 405 Infraorder ‘Neoraphidioptera’ Perrichot et Engel, 2007 . 407 Family Baissopteridae Martynova, 1961. 409 Genus Dictyoraphidia Handlirsch, 1910 . 410 Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890) . 410 Family Raphidiidae Latreille, 1810 . 412 Genus Megaraphidia Cockerell, 1907 . 414 Megaraphidia elegans Cockerell, 1907 . 414 Megaraphidia exhumata (Cockerell, 1909), comb. nov. 416 Megaraphidia sp. 418 Genus Archiraphidia Handlirsch, 1910 . 420 Archiraphidia tumulata (Scudder, 1890) . 421 Archiraphidia tranquilla (Scudder, 1890) . 423 Archiraphidia? somnolenta (Scudder, 1890), stat. res. 429 Genus Florissantoraphidia gen. nov. 432 Florissantoraphidia mortua (Rohwer, 1909), comb. nov. 432 Florissantoraphidia funerata (Engel, 2003), comb. -
Anthropogenic Dispersal of a Snakefly (Insecta, Neuropterida) – a Singular Phenomenon Or a Model Case in Raphidioptera?
©https://dez.pensoft.net/;Licence: CC BY 4.0 Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 64 (2) 2017, 123–131 | DOI 10.3897/dez.64.19859 museum für naturkunde Anthropogenic dispersal of a snakefly (Insecta, Neuropterida) – a singular phenomenon or a model case in Raphidioptera? Horst Aspöck1, Ulrike Aspöck2,3, Axel Gruppe4, Marcia Sittenthaler5,6, Elisabeth Haring3,5 1 Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria 2 Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria 3 Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria 4 Department of Animal Sciences, Chair of Zoology-Entomology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany 5 Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research Laboratories, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria 6 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria http://zoobank.org/F02FDC5E-9815-4CF7-A5BC-7E800A936995 Corresponding author: Ulrike Aspöck ([email protected]) Abstract Received 27 June 2017 The Mediterranean snakefly Raphidia mediterranea H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Rausch, Accepted 13 September 2017 1977 – known from many parts of the Balkan Peninsula, several Aegean islands, southern Published 2 October 2017 parts of Italy, northwest of Anatolia and a few localities in Eastern Europe, yet not recorded in Central Europe – was surprisingly found with an astoundingly high population density Academic editor: on bushes in the yard of an old farmhouse at a comparatively high altitude (800 m) in Up- Dominique Zimmermann per Austria, north of the Danube River, in 2013. -
Distribution and Biogeography of the Order Raphidioptera: Updated Facts and a New Hypothesis
Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 33-44 ISBN 95 1-9481-54-0 ISSN 0001-7299 Helsinki 6 May 1998 O Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 1998 Distribution and biogeography of the order Raphidioptera: updated facts and a new hypothesis Worst Aspock Aspock, H., Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene, University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria Received 8 October 1997 The known distribution of extant Raphidioptera is restricted to the Holarctic, with the exception of the north and east of America. So far 204 valid extant species are known, 3 1 of which have been described within the past ten years, but the real number may exceed 250. Phylogenetic results indicate that the Raphidioptera of America derive from a Mesozoic fauna established before the separation of South America from Africa and the break-up of Laurasia. This fauna was much richer than the extant one, and snakeflies also occurred in tropical climates and in the Southern hemisphere. It is hy- pothesized that, due to the extraterrestrial impact at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 mil- lion years ago, all lines adapted to tropical climates became extinct and only those adapted to cold climates (Raphidiidae, Inocelliidae) survived. 1. Introduction Ghang 1989, Nel et al. 1990, Oswald 1990, Chang 1992ab, Martins Neto & Vulcano 1992, Martins The distribution of the Raphidioptera has been Neto & Nel 1993, Nel 1993, Ren 1994, 1995, discussed extensively. These insects are confined Willmann 1994), which also lead to new consid- to the Northern hemisphere, and in America they erations on the genesis of the distribution of ex- occur only in the southwestern parts of North tant snakeflies. -
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Developing a Biological Control Program for the Invasive Goldspotted Oak Borer (Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer) in Southern California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mr7p0tr Author Lopez, Vanessa Marie Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Developing a Biological Control Program for the Invasive Goldspotted Oak Borer (Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer) in Southern California A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology by Vanessa Marie Lopez August 2013 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Mark S. Hoddle, Chairperson Dr. Richard Stouthamer Dr. Timothy Paine Dr. Leonard Nunney Copyright by Vanessa Marie Lopez 2013 The Dissertation of Vanessa Marie Lopez is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Mike Lewis, Allison Bistline, and Ruth Amrich (University of California, Riverside), Scott Mansfield, Amanda Mansfield, Gabriel Lopez, Melissa Lopez, and William Joseph for their assistance with field and Quarantine work. I would also like to thank Paul Rugman-Jones and Richard Stouthamer (University of California, Riverside) for assistance with molecular analyses and identification of Trichogramma sp. I am very grateful to San Diego County Parks and Recreation, and the William Heise County Park staff, especially David Moniz and Roger Covalt, for allowing us to use William Heise County Park as a study site, and for providing infested trees used in this research. I also thank Leah S. Bauer (USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station) and Juli R. Gould (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for help with methods development, and Tom W.