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Exploring the Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs And Exploring the MHPSS Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia Exploring the Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: The Case of Shirka Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia A Thesis Submitted To Addis Ababa University School of Social Work in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in Social Work By Esmail Yesuf Awolu Advisor Dr. Mengistu Legesse (Ph.D.) Addis Ababa University School of Social Work (MSSW) October, 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Esmail Yesuf Awolu, entitled: Exploring the Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: The Case of Shirka Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of social work complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examining Committee: External Examiner Signature Date Internal Examiner Signature Date Advisor Signature Date Chair of Department or Graduate Program Coordinator 2 Exploring the MHPSS Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia Acknowledgment First and foremost, my heartfelt gratitude goes to my beloved family and all friends for helping me to this day and for all their boundless support in my life. I would also like to give gratitude to the staffs and faculty members of Addis Ababa University school of Social work for making my journey worthwhile. My appreciation and gratitude goes to my adviser Dr. Mengistu Legesse for guiding me throughout the writing process of this thesis. I am also very grateful to my colleagues, Sally Mohammed (ERCS-Arsi branch Migration project PSS field officer), Jamal Berisso (ERCS-Arsi branch Migration project Livelihood field officer) and Haile Mekonen (ERCS-Arsi branch Migration project coordinator) for their unrelenting support. Last but most importantly, I would like to thank the thirty five returnees in Shirka for taking the time to share their stories regardless of the fact that it was not easy. You gave the theses a meaning and without your support, it wouldn't have been completed. Thank you all. i Exploring the MHPSS Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia Abbreviation /Acronyms ARRA: Agency for Return Migrants Administration CBPSS: Community Based Psychosocial Support CBOs: Community Based Organizations EMHS: Ethiopian Mental Health Strategy EMoH: Ethiopian Ministry of Health ERCS: Ethiopia Red Cross Society FGD: Focus Group Discussion GBV: Gender Based Violence IFRC: International Federation of Red Cross IGA: Income Generating Activities ILO: International Labor Organization IASC: Inter Agency Standing Committee JCA: Job Creation Agency KSA: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia MHPSS: Mental Health & Psycho Social Support MoE: Ministry of Education MoEF: Ministry Economy and Finance Minister MoH: Ministry of Health (MoH) MoLSA: Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs NDRMC: National Disaster Rehabilitation and Management Council ii Exploring the MHPSS Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia NGO: Non-Governmental Organization PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder SMFE: Small Micro-Finance Enterprise TVETA: Technical & Vocational Education and Training Agency WCYA: Women, Children & Youth Affairs WHO: World Health Organization iii Exploring the MHPSS Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia Table of content Contents page Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................. i Abbreviation /Acronyms ................................................................................................................. ii Table of content ............................................................................................................................. iv List of tables .................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background of the Study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1. General Objectives ......................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2. Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................ 6 1.4. Research questions ............................................................................................................... 6 1.5. Significance of the study ...................................................................................................... 6 1.6. Scope of the study ................................................................................................................ 7 1.7. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................................... 7 1.8. Operational Definition of terms............................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 9 2.1. Ethiopian migration and return migration ............................................................................ 9 2.2. Existing Support System for reintegration of Return migrants in Ethiopia........................ 12 2.3. Sector context: policies and challenges .............................................................................. 14 2.4. Return migration and psychosocial wellbeing .................................................................... 18 2.5. Violence and trauma ........................................................................................................... 20 2.6. How to respond to psychosocial needs a community-based approach ............................... 21 2.7. Models of Psychosocial Responses .................................................................................... 21 2.7.1. Psychosocial response models ..................................................................................... 22 2.7.2. Stand-alone psychosocial program .............................................................................. 22 iv Exploring the MHPSS Needs and Associated Factors of Ethiopian Male Returnees from Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia 2.7.3. Psychosocial plus ......................................................................................................... 22 2.7.3.1. Integrated model A ................................................................................................ 22 2.7.3.2. Integrated model B ................................................................................................ 23 2.8. International standards and guidelines................................................................................ 24 2.9. Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support .................................................... 24 2.10. Ethiopia and Returnees ..................................................................................................... 25 2.11. Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking and Smuggling Proclamation (2015) ........... 26 2.12. Reintegration of Return Migrants ..................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 28 3.1. Study design ....................................................................................................................... 28 3.2. Tools and Techniques of Data collection ........................................................................... 29 3.2.1. Data Collection Tools .................................................................................................. 29 3.2.2. Data Collection Techniques ......................................................................................... 30 3.3. Data Analysis Techniques .................................................................................................. 30 3.4. Assuring the Trustworthiness of the Data .......................................................................... 30 3.5. Ethical Considerations ........................................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS ...................................................................................................
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