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GENERAL INDEX Abbot H. Thayer, 3, 24, 27, 86 artificial sweeteners, 425–6 and sex, 364 adult mimicry by juveniles, 151, 408 aspartame, 425–6 aposematism, 155–6, 166, 430 aide mémoire mimicry, 97, 127, 155, 159, aspect diversity, 74, 77, 150, 283, 430 counterillumination, 28–9 206, 210, 228, 245, 250, 257, 260, asymmetry, 62–3, 65, 85, 131 bird‐dropping mimicry, 23, 88–9, 91–3, 429, 440 attack deflection, 259–61, 263, 267, 95, 150, 318 aerial crypsis, 38, 429 269–71, 274–5, 277, 279 birds aggressive mimicry, xiii–xiv, 6, 9, 12–16, autoimmune disease, xiv, 424, 425, 430 broken wing display see Aristotelian 85–6, 92, 231, 233–4, 236, 286, automimicry, 12, 97, 120, 151, 164, mimicry 255, 305–51, 363, 366, 406, 410, 188–90, 216, 393, 405, 430–1 edibility of, 124 416, 419, 429–31, 439, 444 see also weapon automimicry eggs, 60–1 alarm calls, 9, 12, 128, 262, 284, 406 autotomy, 80, 277, 430, 432, 443 owl feathers, 307 mimicry of, to gain food, 8, 401–2, 406 aversion induction, 123 pecking order, 400–1 mimicry of, to protect paternity, 365–6 pollination by, 394–7 mimicry of, for protection, 287–8 background matching, 4, 24, 29, 37, 42, song, 8, 324, 340, 401–2, 408 alarm pheromones, 231, 233, 300, 349, 47, 53, 58, 60–1, 64, 90, 110, UV vision in, 30 389, 391, 290, 422 wing tips, 309 alluring prey, 269, 324, 390 background selection, 30, 41–2, 56, 58 bluff, 86, 253–4, 271, 284 ambush predators, 54, 55, 71, 139, bacterial pathogens, 424–5 brood‐site deception, 388–9 306, 313 Baden‐Powell, 254 Browerian mimicry, 188, 431 anal gland spray, 158–9 Bakerian mimicry, 13, 393, 431, 433 bulling see female–female mounting androchromatism, 358–9 Bates, Henry, xiii, 1–2, 7 angling, 269, 324, 390 Batesian load see mimetic load calcium oxalate, 165, 394 anthocyanins, 410, 413, 430 Batesian mimicry, 6–7, 11, 13–14, 16, cantharidine, 145, 146, 431 antiapostatic selection, 73, 74, 78, 182–3, 20, 73, 81, 104, 119, 121–2, 142, capsaicin, 163, 426 204, 430 150, 155–6, 172, 174, 179–81, cardenolides see cardiac glycosides aposematism 183, 185, 187–8, 190, 192–3, 198, cardiac glycosides, 120, 140, 141, 143, and longevity, 121 201, 203–6, 214–16, 239–40, 144, 188, 190, 432 and symmetry, 63 246–51, 253, 320, 323, 430–1 carotenoids, 35, 50, 139, 147, 149, 153 evolution of, 2–3, 104–29 in plants, 293, 381 carrion mimicry, 16, 112, 120, 302, 389, in plants, 163–6 Batesian–Müllerian spectrum, 4 391–2, 419, 441 with non‐chemical defence, 149–50 Batesian–Poultonian mimicry, 431 caterpillars, 3, 5–6, 23–4, 26–8, 30, 32, apostatic selection, 73–4, 183, 204, 430 Batesian–Wallacian mimicry, 431 34–5, 50–3, 61, 72–5, 78, 81–3, 85, appeasement pheromones, 342, 344, 404COPYRIGHTEDbeak marks on butterfly wings, 135–7, 243 MATERIAL88–9, 91, 94–7, 100, 104, 107, 109, appetite suppression, 426 beak‐wiping, 112, 284 112–14, 120, 122–3, 131–4, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Beau Geste hypothesis, 399, 402, 140–3, 145, 151–2, 160–1, 163, 141–2, 245 408, 431 165, 167, 209, 216, 224, 225, 227, aristolochic acid, 147, 149 bioluminescence, xiii, 45, 435 237–9, 243–4, 246, 248, 255, 260, Aristotelian mimicry, 277, 280, 430 aggressive mimicry, 307, 312, 315–16, 269, 271–2, 294, 299–300, 307, arithmetic mimicry, 10, 12, 260, 430 325, 431 416, 435, 437 Mimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances, First Edition. Donald L. J. Quicke. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 533 0003158615.INDD 533 7/13/2017 12:33:13 PM 534 General index Chagas’ disease, 424 disruptive selection, 76–7, 184 food dummies for sex, 11, 362–3 chemical mimicry, 346–9 distractive markings, 3, 63–4, 66–8, 161, fruit colour and fruit dispersal, 410–14 chromatophores, 45, 49–50, 54, 194, 277, 328 functional response, 173, 186, 434 57–9, 432 dodecyl acetate, 344 fungal pathogens, 424 chromosomes, 40, 184, 201, 203, 220, Dodsonian mimicry, 382 fungi, xiii, 108, 166–7, 410, 419, 432, 222–3, 332, 436, 441 domestic chicks, 75, 94–5, 104, 106, 440, 443 circadian rhythms, 54 108–9, 120, 122–6, 130–3, 154, as models, 388–90, 417–18 cleaner fish mimicry, 320–2 157, 190, 204, 262, 265–6 pathogenic, 424 climate change, 37 dual signals, xiv, 11, 45, 72–3, 433 clitoris, 403–5, 439 galls, 300, 302 of spotted hyaena, 404, 439 echolocation, 255, 257 gastroenteritis, 425 cognition, 8, 76, 104, 116, 127, 159, edge detection, 63 genetics, xiv, 2, 34, 37, 41, 60, 77, 153, 162, 178, 201, 210–11, 224, 237, edge‐intercepting patches, 46, 61–6 182, 203, 216–20, 223, 266, 358 258, 262, 270, 277, 285, 290, 323, egg dummies/spots, on fish, 299, population, 338 329, 334, 336, 339–40, 344, 347–9, 360–2, 433–4 gentes, 332, 334, 337, 434 354, 362, 367, 410, 423, 433, 441 egg load assessment, 154 Georges Pasteur, 11 colour change, 49–58 egg mimics, on plants, 299–300 ghillie suits, 85–6 effect of diet, 51, 85 eggs glucosides, 3, 122, 145 medium paced, 54–6, 285, 325 cuckoo, 332–8 glucosinolates, 435 rapid, 56–7, 354 ground nesting birds, 58, 60 glycosides, 120, 140–4, 146, 149, slow, 50–3 elaiosomes, 415, 433 188–90, 224, 303, 426, 432, 435 compound mimicry, 235, 432 electrosensory crypsis, 73 green beard selection, 112 computer ‘games’, 43, 69, 77, 196 empathic learning see observational gregariousness, 109, 114, 131–4, 139, coral snake problem see Emsleyan mimicry learning 152, 162, 169, 236, 386 corpse mimicry see thanatosis Emsleyan mimicry, 16, 121, 173, 240–6, guanine, 45, 54, 56 countershading, 3–4, 7, 20, 24, 26–8, 47, 254, 433, 437 Guillain‐Barré syndrome, 424–5 58–9, 94, 157–8, 269, 432, 434, EPB see exploitation of perceptual biases 438, 441 epitopes, 342, 423–4 Hairy‐Downy game, 401 cryptic oestrus, 368 escape mimicry, 129, 150, 434 handicaps, 117–19, 214, 414, 435 cuckoldry, 354, 401, 433 ESS see evolutionary stable strategies handling time, 80, 94, 96, 122, 155, 173 in birds, 329–42 eumelanin, 437 Helmholtz illusion, 67, 367 in insects, 329, 342, 344–5 evolutionary chase, 162, 185, 192, 338 herding, 434 cuticular hydrocarbons, 50, 85, 233, 236, evolutionary stable strategies (ESSs), 15, hierarchies, 9, 363, 400–1, 403 239, 344, 346, 349–50, 376 44, 100, 115–17, 131, 296, 305, hissing cyanogenesis, 296 350, 358, 394–5, 402, 434 by snakes, 156–7, 254 cyanogenic glycosides, 145, 303, exogenous camouflage, 8, 53, 82–3, 434 mimicry of by birds, 156 436–7, 441 exploitation of perceptual biases, 8, homosexual behaviour see female–female 207, 290 mounting dazzle, 3, 10 eyes honest signals, 85, 112, 117, 119, 159, in plants, 291 concealment, 62, 270 165, 284, 408 military, 86 in transparent animals, 45 hormone mimicry, 422, 427 motion, 67, 69–71, 161, 437 stripes, 62, 270 horns, automimicry of, 407–8 decoys eyespots, 15, 62, 89, 137, 192, 250, hunger, 173, 177, 188, 190 duck, 328 260–77, 282–4, 433 military, 86 blinking/winking, 271–2 illicium, 315, 434, 436 deimatic displays, 182, 260, 283–4, 433 immunity, 243, 424 dermal light sensitivity, 54 false heads, 271–7 imperfect mimicry, 78, 196, 196, de‐stinging behaviour, 216 family selection, 113, 134, 152 206–11, 441 detectability dietary conservatism, 109 feeding mimicry see aggressive mimicry individual selection, 5, 104, 112–14, disc equation, 80–1, 173, 188 female–female mounting, 365 121–2, 134, 165 disguise, 7 female mimicry by males, 16, 354–7, 404 innate dispersal femmes fatales, 325 colour preference, 382, 410–11 of individuals, 117–18 flags to attract attention, 396, 411–14 recognition, 110, 127–31, 155, 231, of propagules, 410–20 flash colouration, 260–1, 281–2, 442 236, 242, 250, 260, 262, 283–4, disruptive patterns, 3, 7, 27, 58, 60–5, flirting, 328–9 290, 303 67, 72, 90, 97, 157, 239, 244, flocking see schooling insectivorous plants, 350–1 315, 433 foetid odour, 392 interspecific social dominance mimicry 0003158615.INDD 534 7/13/2017 12:33:13 PM General index 535 iridescence, 45, 47, 151–2, 344 mimic and model relative abundance, 95, ontogenetic changes, 32–4, 37, 53, 81–2, iridoid glycosides, 140–1, 149, 432 172–3, 175, 186, 188, 192, 196, 89, 97, 231, 234 iridophores, 49, 54, 56–7, 362, 436 198, 204, 206, 242, 322 osmeteria, 120 mimicry definitions, 2–5, 7–10, 13 Oudeman’s phenomenon, 90, 438 jamming, 255–7 miracidia, 423 outline concealment/disruption, 265 juvenile mimicry by adults, 400, 404, 408 mobbing, 287, 320 ovulation, 368 mobbing call mimicry, 288, 402 Owen–Owen effect, 178–9, 438 kin selection, 112, 121–2, 131, 133–4, monocrotaline, 143 366, 435–6, 443 Monte Carlo simulations, 177–9, 216 padded bras, 368 kleptocnidae, 147 moss mimicry, 26, 29 paddling for worms, 315 Kirbyan mimicry, 11, 436 motion camouflage/dazzle, 24, 69–71, parasitic ‘worms’, 8, 107, 122, 159, 302, 86, 161, 437 415–16, 422–3, 430 lauryl acetate see dodecyl acetate Müllerian mimicry, 4, 8, 10–11, 14–15, parasitoid wasps, 82, 100, 120, 149, leaf damage, 82–3 131, 145, 151, 156, 162, 165, 151–2, 186, 227, 233, 237, 239, lichen mimicry, 7, 26, 29, 38 172–5, 179, 181, 185–6, 188, 192, 253–5, 297, 302, 326, 333, 347, linamarin, 145, 436 195, 198, 204–6, 215–16, 219, 350, 424, 426, 433, 438 linkage maps, 219, 222 224, 227, 239, 242, 251, 285, 286, Pavlovian predators, 206, 438 lithium chloride, 125, 302, 436 430, 433, 436–7 pebble mimicry, 80, 88, 290, 433, 439 locomotor mimicry, 214–15, 233, 235, 437 in plants, 295, 382 pelt colour, 35, 61, 140, 198, 240–4, longevity, 121, 149, 166, 242, 290 mummy‐berry, 417–19 308, 355, 386 lotaustralin, 145–6, 437 muscimol, 108, 166 penis, 13, 400, 403–6, 439–40 lures, 306–7 musk, 368, 418 petiole clipping, 82 angler fish and relatives, 315–16 mustard oils, 138 phallic mimicry, 405 bolas spiders, 9, 13, 326 myrmecomorphy,
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  • High Evolutionary Potential in the Chemical Defenses of an Aposematic Heliconius Butterfly

    High Evolutionary Potential in the Chemical Defenses of an Aposematic Heliconius Butterfly

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.14.905950; this version posted January 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Article Type: Research Paper Title: High evolutionary potential in the chemical defenses of an aposematic Heliconius butterfly Authors: Mattila, Anniina L. K.1; Jiggins, Chris D.2; Opedal, Øystein H.1,3; Montejo-Kovacevich, Gabriela2; de Castro, Érika2; McMillan, William O.4; Bacquet, Caroline5; Saastamoinen, Marjo1,6 Author affiliations: 1. Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Finland 2. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK 3. Department of Biology, Lund University, Sweden 4. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama 5. Universidad Regional Amazónica de Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador 6. Helsinki Life Science Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland Orcid ID: Anniina L. K. Mattila: 0000-0002-6546-6528 Chris D. Jiggins: 0000-0002-7809-062X Øystein H. Opedal: 0000-0002-7841-6933 Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich: 0000-0003-3716-9929 Érika de Castro: 0000-0002-4731-3835 William O. McMillan: 0000-0003-2805-2745 Caroline Bacquet: 0000-0002-1954-1806 Marjo Saastamoinen: 0000-0001-7009-2527 Keywords: chemical defense – aposematism – mimicry – Heliconius – cyanogenic glucosides – evolvability 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.14.905950; this version posted January 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
  • (Thorn) Automimicry and Mimicry of Aposematic Colorful Thorns

    (Thorn) Automimicry and Mimicry of Aposematic Colorful Thorns

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Theoretical Biology 224 (2003) 183–188 Weapon (thorn) automimicry and mimicry of aposematic colorful thorns in plants Simcha Lev-Yadun* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel Received 29 April 2002; received in revised form 21 March 2003; accepted 4 April 2003 Abstract In order to further characterize the function of coloration in plants as defense against herbivory, two types of thorn mimicry are described: (1) A unique type of weapon (thorn) automimicry (within the same individual) that was previously known only in animals, and (2) mimicry of aposematic colorful thorns, by colorful elongated and pointed plant organs (buds, leaves and fruit) that, despite their appearance, are not sharp. Some thorny plants including dozens of species of Agave, one species of Aloe and a palm species have thorn-like imprints or colorations on their leaves, constituting thorn automimicry by giving the impression of more extensive thorns. The mimicry of aposematic colorful thorns is a typical case of Batesian mimicry, but the thorn automimicry is a special intra-organismic Batesian mimicry. I propose that both types of mimicry serve as anti-herbivore mechanisms. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Agave; Aloe; Aposematic coloration; Automimicry; Batesian mimicry; Herbivory; Thorns 1. Introduction Several authors have proposed mimicry in plants as an anti-herbivore mechanism. Wiens (1978) estimated Cases of automimicry, i.e. mimicry of some parts in that about 5% of the land plants are mimetic, listing other parts of the same individual, have rarely been several types of protective plant mimicry.