Canadian Shield Region to Trade with the First Nations
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![Dakota Tawaxitku Kin, Or, the Dakota Friend. (Saint Paul, Minn.), 1852-08-01, [P ]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/8761/dakota-tawaxitku-kin-or-the-dakota-friend-saint-paul-minn-1852-08-01-p-178761.webp)
Dakota Tawaxitku Kin, Or, the Dakota Friend. (Saint Paul, Minn.), 1852-08-01, [P ]
r:':'V opo of forr own blood. The father will not take them. We hold them a number ot years back, has afforded many of the prejudices of the Indians, noticing the activity of his son's mind, and yourselves in equal contempt." the only retreat to travellers, to- be against the teachers of the white tOoW him {d Canada, before he wa» For a short period after the war, found between St. Peter's and the man's religion. ten years of, age and placed him un the subject of this memoir, resided in British posts, a distance of 700 miles. It would be improper to conclude der .the tuition of a; Priest of Rome, Canada, and received the half pay of The liberal and untiring hospitality this article without some remarks ^lis instructor . appears to. have been a British Captain. He next entered dispensed by this respectable family, upon the religious character of Ren- both a kind and -good man, and from the service of the Hudson's Bay Com the great influence exercised by it ville. him, he obtained a slight knowledge pany, whose posts extended to the over the Indians of this country, in the Like Nicodemus, one of the rulers of of the French language, and the ele Mississippi and Minnesota rivers. In maintainence of peace and the pro Israel, he loved to inquire in relation ments of the Christian religion. winter he resided with his family a- tection of. travellers, would demand to spiritual things. Of independent ; Before he attained to manhood, he mong the Dakotas. -
British Columbia 1858
Legislative Library of British Columbia Background Paper 2007: 02 / May 2007 British Columbia 1858 Nearly 150 years ago, the land that would become the province of British Columbia was transformed. The year – 1858 – saw the creation of a new colony and the sparking of a gold rush that dramatically increased the local population. Some of the future province’s most famous and notorious early citizens arrived during that year. As historian Jean Barman wrote: in 1858, “the status quo was irrevocably shattered.” Prepared by Emily Yearwood-Lee Reference Librarian Legislative Library of British Columbia LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BACKGROUND PAPERS AND BRIEFS ABOUT THE PAPERS Staff of the Legislative Library prepare background papers and briefs on aspects of provincial history and public policy. All papers can be viewed on the library’s website at http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/ SOURCES All sources cited in the papers are part of the library collection or available on the Internet. The Legislative Library’s collection includes an estimated 300,000 print items, including a large number of BC government documents dating from colonial times to the present. The library also downloads current online BC government documents to its catalogue. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Legislative Library or the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. While great care is taken to ensure these papers are accurate and balanced, the Legislative Library is not responsible for errors or omissions. Papers are written using information publicly available at the time of production and the Library cannot take responsibility for the absolute accuracy of those sources. -
~ Coal Mining in Canada: a Historical and Comparative Overview
~ Coal Mining in Canada: A Historical and Comparative Overview Delphin A. Muise Robert G. McIntosh Transformation Series Collection Transformation "Transformation," an occasional paper series pub- La collection Transformation, publication en st~~rie du lished by the Collection and Research Branch of the Musee national des sciences et de la technologic parais- National Museum of Science and Technology, is intended sant irregulierement, a pour but de faire connaitre, le to make current research available as quickly and inex- plus vite possible et au moindre cout, les recherches en pensively as possible. The series presents original cours dans certains secteurs. Elle prend la forme de research on science and technology history and issues monographies ou de recueils de courtes etudes accep- in Canada through refereed monographs or collections tes par un comite d'experts et s'alignant sur le thenne cen- of shorter studies, consistent with the Corporate frame- tral de la Societe, v La transformation du CanadaLo . Elle work, "The Transformation of Canada," and curatorial presente les travaux de recherche originaux en histoire subject priorities in agricultural and forestry, communi- des sciences et de la technologic au Canada et, ques- cations and space, transportation, industry, physical tions connexes realises en fonction des priorites de la sciences and energy. Division de la conservation, dans les secteurs de: l'agri- The Transformation series provides access to research culture et des forets, des communications et de 1'cspace, undertaken by staff curators and researchers for develop- des transports, de 1'industrie, des sciences physiques ment of collections, exhibits and programs. Submissions et de 1'energie . -
19Th Century Acadian House
2015 HISTORY WALK 1914 Main Street19th - Photo Century courtesy of AcadianLouis J. Perret, House Clerk of Courts, Lafayette Parish Poché Prouet Associates, Ltd. Renaissance Market Thomas R. Hightower, Jr. A Professional Law Corporation Sarah Jayde Combeaux We are grateful each and every time you Joel Breaux BroDesign Poupart Bakery Inc. Theriot Design Group, LLC Lafayette Preservation Festival and History Walk Saturday, May 9, 2015 History of the Development of Downtown Lafayette Drawing is circa 1918, by J. N. Marchand. It was a gift to The Historic New Orleans Collection by Mary Alma Riess. 2008.0242.3.3 The Early Years - A Background The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Panfilo de Narváez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. The French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle named the region Louisiana in 1682 to honor France’s King Louis XIV. The first permanent settlement, Fort Maurepas (at what is now Ocean Springs, Mississippi, near Biloxi), was founded in 1699 by Pierre PageLe Moyne d’Iberville, a French military officerSans from Souci BuildingCanada. Most of Louisiana West of the Mississippi River became a possession of Spain in 1763. In 1800, France’s Napoleon Bonaparte reacquired Louisiana from Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, an arrangement kept secret for some two years. Finally, Louisiana became part of the United States following the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The area we know now as Lafayette Parish was part of the plains area called the Attakapas region that included present-day St. Landry, St. Martin, Acadia, Vermilion, Iberia and Lafayette Parishes. -
Report 66 ‐ Mountains2montreal – July 26, 2011
Report 66 ‐ mountains2montreal – July 26, 2011 Canoe trip of 4,500 km from Saskatchewan River Crossing Alberta to Montreal – 130 days estimated duration. After Day 86 – July 2, 2011 • Last reported SPOT location ‐ July 24 @ 17.09 PDT (48.10331/90.4449) – camped on the Canadian side of La Verendrye Provincial Park on South Lake. • Estimated distance traveled since their last report July 16 ‐ 27 km. • Distance traveled since start May 1 – 3,281km (estimated). • Distance to Montreal ‐ 1,219 km (estimated). Notes 1. Big day yesterday that m2m crossed the “Height of Land” Portage moving from the Nelson Watershed (Hudson Bay) and started the move doWnhill into the St. LaWrence River basin. 2. M2M group continued Working their Way along the Ontario/Minnesota border yesterday. 3. Weather – good yesterday – generally good ahead With a chance of thunderstorms on Wednesday. 4. I spoke With Katie Rosenberg yesterday neWly returned from m2m creW change last Friday – she reports everything is fine – the guys are in good spirits and Working Well as a team – sloW progress thru Quetico Park – lots of Wind falls required advance clearing many of the portages prior to passage – some days 6 to 7 portages ranging from short to 900 m – very rough terrain required the guys to carry the 225 pound canoe most of the time on their shoulders – a fuller report Will folloW later this Week. 5. Next planned re‐supply/communications location is Thunder Bay With a projected arrival August 1 or 2 ‐ estimated distance – 250 km. 6. No or minimal communication expected until Thunder Bay. -
Chronological History of Canada 1497-1919
II.—CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANADA 1497 1 1919. 1497. June 24, Eastern coast of North 1633. May 23, Champlain made first America discovered by John Governor of New France. Cabot. 1634. July 4, Foundation of Three 1498. Cabot discovers Hudson Strait. Rivers. 1524. Verrazano explores the Coast of 1634-35. Exploration of the great lakes Nova Scotia. by Nicolet. 1534. June 21, Landing of Jacques 1635. Dec. 25, Death of Champlain at Cartier at Esquimaux Bay. Quebec. 1636. March 10, De Montmagny ap 1535. Cartier's second voyage. He as pointed Governor. cends the St. Lawrence to Stada- 1638. June 11, First recorded earth cona (Quebec) (Sept. 14) and quake in Canada. Hochelaga (Montreal) (Oct. 2). 1640. Discovery of Lake Erie by Chau- 1541. Cartier's third voyage. monot and Brebeuf. 1542-3. De Roberval and his party 1641. Resident population of New winter at Cap Rouge, and are France, 240. rescued by Cartier on his fourth 1642. May 17, founding of Ville-Marie voyage. 1557. Sept. 1, Death of Cartier at St. (Montreal). Malo, France. 1646. Exploration of the Saguenay by 1592. Straits of Juan de Fuca discovered Dablon. by de Fuca. 1647. Lake St. John discovered by de 1603. June 22, Champlain's first landing Quen. in Canada, at Quebec. 1648. March 5, Council of New France 1605. Founding of Port Royal (Anna created. Aug. 20, D'Ailleboust polis, N.S.) de Coulonges, governor. 1608. Champlain's second visit. July 3, 1649. March 16-17, Murder of Fathers Founding of Quebec. Brebeuf and Lalemant by In 1609. July, Champlain discovers Lake dians. -
Britain's Magnificent “Forts”
Britain’s Magnificent “Forts” The Freedom Freighters of WW 2 By Geoff Walker For our non-seafaring friends, many would associate the word “Fort” with some kind of medieval bastion or land based strong hold, but in the case to hand, nothing could be further from reality. Fort was the name given to a class of Cargo Ship built in Canada during WW2, for the British government (MOWT), under the Lend Lease scheme. All Fort ships, except two which were paid for outright, were transferred on bareboat charter, on Lend - lease terms, from the Canadian Government or the U.S. War Shipping Administration who bought ninety of the 'Forts' built in Canada. The construction of this type of ship commenced in 1942, and by war’s end well over 230 of these vessels had been delivered to the MOWT, (including all “Fort” variants and those built as Tankers) each at an average cost of $1,856,500. Often, confusion persists between “Fort” and “Park” class ships that were built in Canada. To clarify, “Fort” ships were ships transferred to the British Government and the “Park” ships were those employed by the Canadian Government, both types had similar design specifications. All Fort ships were given names prefixed by the word “Fort”, whilst “Park” ships all had names ending or suffixed with “Park” at the time of their launching, although names were frequently changed later during their working life. These ships were built across eighteen different Canadian shipyards. Their triple expansion steam engines were built by seven different manufacturers. There were 3 sub-classes of the type, namely, “North Sands” type which were mainly of riveted construction, and the “Canadian” and “Victory” types, which were of welded construction. -
La Vérendrye and His Sons After 1743 Is Anti‐Climactric
La Verendrye and His Sons The Search for the Western Sea Above: The Brothers La Vérendrye in sight of the western mountains, News Year’s Day 1743. By C.W. Jeffery’s. Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de la Vérendrye, and his sons were the last important explorers during the French regime in Canada. Like many of their predecessors, they pushed westward in spite of lack of support from the king or his officials in Quebec, and in spite of the selfishness and greed of the merchants, who equipped their expeditions only to take all of the large profits of the fur trade made possible by energetic exploration. La Vérendrye was born on November 17, 1685, in the settlements of Three Rivers, where his father was governor. *1 He entered the army as a cadet in 1697. In 1704 he took part in a raid upon Deerfield, a settlement in the British colony of Massachusetts, and in 1705 he fought under Subercase when a French force raided St. John’s, Newfoundland. In 1707 La Vérendrye went to Europe and served with a regiment in Flanders against the English under the Duke of Marlborough. At the battle of Malplaquet (1710) he was wounded several times. Upon his recovery he was promoted to lieutenant, and in 1711 returned to Canada. For several years La Vérendrye served in the colonial forces. In 1712 he married and settled on the island of Dupas, near Three Rivers. There his four sons were born – Jean‐Baptiste, Pierre, Francois, and Louis‐Joseph. In 1726 La Vérendrye received the command of a trading post on Lake Nipigon, north of Lake Superior. -
A Glossary of Mississippi Valley French, 1673-1850 (Price, $1.50) by John Francis Mcdermott
rtlSTpRjC^y, SUkxm tifirVB^SITY OF uimm: A Glossary OF Mississippi Valley French 1673-1850 BY JOHN FRANCIS McDERMOTT WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY STUDIES -NEW SERIES LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE — No. 12 DECEMBER, 1941 Washington University George R. Throop, Ph.D., LL.D., Bridge Chancellor Walter E. McCourt, A.M., Assistant Chancellor The College of Liberal Arts Frank M. Webster, Ph.B., Acting Dean The School of Engineering Alexander S. Langsdorf, M.M.E., Dean Tlie School of Architecture Alexander S. Langsdorf, M.M.E., Dean The School of Business and Public Administration William H. Stead, Ph.D., Dean Tlie Henry Shaw School of Botany George T. Moore, Ph.D., Director The School of Graduate Studies Richard F. Jones, Ph.D., Acting Dean The School of Law Joseph A. McClain, Jr., A.B., LL.B., J.S.D., LL.D., Dean The School of Medicine Philip A. Shaffer, Ph.D., Dean The School of Dentistry Benno E. Lischer, D.M.D., Dean The School of Nursing Louise Knapp, A.M., Director The School of Fine Arts Kenneth E. Hudson, B.F.A., Director University College William G. Bowling, A.M., Dean The Summer School Frank L. Wright, A.M., Ed.D., Director Mary Institute, a preparatory school for girls, located at Ladue and Warson Roads, is also conducted under the charter of the University. A GLOSSARY of MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FRENCH 1673-1850 A GLOSSARY of MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FRENCH 1673-1850 By JOHN FRANCIS McDERMOTT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY STUDIES—NEW SERIES Language and Literature—No. 12 St. Louis, 1941 Copyright 1941 by Washington University St. -
Ch. 3 Section 4: Life in the English Colonies Colonial Governments the English Colonies in North America All Had Their Own Governments
Ch. 3 Section 4: Life in the English Colonies Colonial Governments The English colonies in North America all had their own governments. Each government was given power by a charter. The English monarch had ultimate authority over all of the colonies. A group of royal advisers called the Privy Council set English colonial policies. Colonial Governors and Legislatures Each colony had a governor who served as head of the government. Most governors were assisted by an advisory council. In royal colonies the English king or queen selected the governor and the council members. In proprietary colonies, the proprietors chose all of these officials. In a few colonies, such as Connecticut, the people elected the governor. In some colonies the people also elected representatives to help make laws and set policy. These officials served on assemblies. Each colonial assembly passed laws that had to be approved first by the advisory council and then by the governor. Established in 1619, Virginia's assembly was the first colonial legislature in North America. At first it met as a single body, but was later split into two houses. The first house was known as the Council of State. The governor's advisory council and the London Company selected its members. The House of Burgesses was the assembly's second house. The members were elected by colonists. It was the first democratically elected body in the English colonies. In New England the center of politics was the town meeting. In town meetings people talked about and decided on issues of local interest, such as paying for schools. -
Backgrounder
BACKGROUNDER New Playground Equipment Program supports 51 B.C. schools School districts in B.C. are receiving funding from a new program to support building new and replacement playgrounds. The following districts have been approved for funding: Rocky Mountain School District (SD 6) $105,000 for an accessible playground at Martin Morigeau Elementary Kootenay Lake School District (SD 8) $90,000 for a standard playground at WE Graham Elementary -Secondary Arrow Lakes School District (SD 10) $90,000 for a standard playground at Lucerne Elementary Secondary Revelstoke School District (SD 19) $105,000 for an accessible playground at Columbia Park Elementary Vernon School District (SD 22) $90,000 for a standard playground at Mission Hill Elementary Central Okanagan School District (SD 23) $105,000 for an accessible playground at Peachland Elementary Cariboo Chilcotin School District (SD 27) $90,000 for a standard playground at Alexis Creek Elementary/ Jr. Secondary Quesnel School District (SD 28) $90,000 for a standard playground at Voyageur Elementary Chilliwack School District (SD 33) $90,000 for a standard playground AD Rundle Middle Abbotsford School District (SD 34) $90,000 for a standard playground at Dormick Park Elementary Langley School District (SD 35) $90,000 for a standard playground at Shortreed Elementary Surrey School District (SD 36) $105,000 for an accessible playground at Janice Churchill Elementary BACKGROUNDER Delta School District (SD 37) $105,000 for an accessible playground at Chalmers Elementary Richmond School District -
North Lake Superior Métis
The Historical Roots of Métis Communities North of Lake Superior Gwynneth C. D. Jones Vancouver, B. C. 31 March 2015. Prepared for the Métis Nation of Ontario Table of Contents Introduction 3 Section I: The Early Fur Trade and Populations to 1821 The Fur Trade on Lakes Superior and Nipigon, 1600 – 1763 8 Post-Conquest Organization of the Fur Trade, 1761 – 1784 14 Nipigon, Michipicoten, Grand Portage, and Mixed-Ancestry Fur Trade Employees, 1789 - 1804 21 Grand Portage, Kaministiquia, and North West Company families, 1799 – 1805 29 Posts and Settlements, 1807 – 1817 33 Long Lake, 1815 – 1818 40 Michipicoten, 1817 – 1821 44 Fort William/Point Meuron, 1817 – 1821 49 The HBC, NWC and Mixed-Ancestry Populations to 1821 57 Fur Trade Culture to 1821 60 Section II: From the Merger to the Treaty: 1821 - 1850 After the Merger: Restructuring the Fur Trade and Associated Populations, 1821 - 1826 67 Fort William, 1823 - 1836 73 Nipigon, Pic, Long Lake and Michipicoten, 1823 - 1836 79 Families in the Lake Superior District, 1825 - 1835 81 Fur Trade People and Work, 1825 - 1841 85 "Half-breed Indians", 1823 - 1849 92 Fur Trade Culture, 1821 - 1850 95 Section III: The Robinson Treaties, 1850 Preparations for Treaty, 1845 - 1850 111 The Robinson Treaty and the Métis, 1850 - 1856 117 Fur Trade Culture on Lake Superior in the 1850s 128 After the Treaty, 1856 - 1859 138 2 Section IV: Persistence of Fur Trade Families on Lakes Superior and Nipigon, 1855 - 1901 Infrastructure Changes in the Lake Superior District, 1863 - 1921 158 Investigations into Robinson-Superior Treaty paylists, 1879 - 1899 160 The Dominion Census of 1901 169 Section V: The Twentieth Century Lake Nipigon Fisheries, 1884 - 1973 172 Métis Organizations in Lake Nipigon and Lake Superior, 1971 - 1973 180 Appendix: Maps and Illustrations Watercolour, “Miss Le Ronde, Hudson Bay Post, Lake Nipigon”, 1867?/1901 Map of Lake Nipigon in T.