Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Filosofia

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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Filosofia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FILOSOFIA PEDRO LINO DE CARVALHO JÚNIOR DIREITO E IMAGINAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL Salvador, 2017 PEDRO LINO DE CARVALHO JÚNIOR DIREITO E IMAGINAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL Tese apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Filosofia junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da Universidade Federal da Bahia - Área de concentração: Filosofia Contemporânea. Linha de pesquisa: Filosofia e Teoria Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Crisóstomo de Souza. Salvador, 2017 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO PEDRO LINO DE CARVALHO JÚNIOR DIREITO E IMAGINAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL Tese aprovada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Filosofia junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da Universidade Federal da Bahia — Área de Concentração - Filosofia Contemporânea. Linha de pesquisa: Filosofia e Teoria Social, pela seguinte banca examinadora: Orientador: ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Salvador, À memória de Morenita Matos de Carvalho. AGRADECIMENTOS Esta pesquisa não resultou tão somente de um esforço individual, mas teve origem, em grande parte, nas significativas contribuições hauridas no espaço público em que se desenvolve a reflexão teórica, em especial a comunidade formada por professores, colegas e alunos, pelo que faço os seguintes registros de agradecimento: A todos os professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da UFBA pela excelência das lições prestadas. Aos colegas professores da veneranda Faculdade de Direito da UFBA, particularmente os que integram o departamento de Direito Privado, pelo incentivo recebido ao longo de toda jornada dessa investigação acadêmica. Aos valorosos integrantes do Ministério Público do Trabalho, cuja atuação na defesa do regime democrático e das garantias e direitos fundamentais tem sido um pilar indispensável à busca da construção de um país livre e solidário. Aos colegas do Doutorado, inesquecíveis companheiros de jornada que sempre estimularam a conclusão deste estudo. Aos estimados membros do Grupo de Pesquisa Poética Pragmática e do Centro de Estudos Dewey e Pragmatismo, em especial o colega Tiago Medeiros Araújo, com quem compartilho o mais vivo interesse pela obra ungeriana e a quem devo preciosas críticas e considerações sobre o presente texto. Aos familiares e amigos do peito, que não precisam ser nomeados para receber o meu reconhecimento e a minha gratidão. Ao ilustre Professor Dr. José Crisóstomo de Souza, amigo e orientador, um mestre para toda a vida, de quem recebi o indispensável apoio e estímulo para a conclusão desse estudo, e de quem aprendi que o labor filosófico deve avançar como prática coletiva, democrática, pluralista, enfim, como “coisa civil”. Ao estimado Professor Dr. Mauro Castelo Branco de Moura, fraterno e estimado amigo, pelas lições de vida e incessante colaboração intelectual. Ao caro Professor Dr. Genildo Ferreira da Silva, exemplo de professor e colega, de quem tenho o privilégio de privar da amizade mais sincera. Ao ilustre Professor Dr. Carlos Sávio Gomes Teixeira, amigo generoso e fraterno, e, sem dúvida, o maior conhecedor do pensamento de Mangabeira Unger em nosso país, cujos estudos serviram de inspiração para essa pesquisa. Ao digno amigo e colega de docência da Faculdade de Direito da UFBA, magistrado e doutrinador, o professor Dr. Luciano Dorea Martinez Carreiro, pelo inestimável auxílio que prestou nesta investigação teórica. Para minha adorada esposa e conselheira, Ana Kátia e meu amado filho Felipe, pelo suporte afetivo e familiar, sem o qual esse estudo não teria progredido. Ao estimado colega e amigo Maurício Albagli, jurista e magistrado de primeira grandeza, pela cuidadosa revisão desses escritos e pelas valiosas sugestões que apresentou para melhoria do texto. Aos colegas e servidores da Procuradoria Regional do Trabalho da 5ª Região, abnegados e devotados servidores públicos, na certeza que caminhamos juntos no desejo de reinventamos um novo espaço social, que seja ao mesmo tempo fraterno e humano, onde não exista lugar para a barbárie e degradação do cidadão trabalhador. A imaginação sobre o dogma, a vulnerabilidade sobre a serenidade, as aspirações sobre as obrigações, a comédia sobre a tragédia, a esperança sobre a experiência, a profecia sobre a memória, a inovação sobre a repetição, o pessoal sobre o impessoal, o tempo sobre a eternidade. E, acima de tudo, a vida. MANGABEIRA UNGER, Roberto. The self awakened: pragmatism unbound RESUMO Aqui temos uma investigação acerca do direito como imaginação institucional transformadora e democratizante a partir do pensamento de Roberto Mangabeira Unger, em sua relação com a democracia. Na parte introdutória, o trabalho oferece um panorama crítico e geral do pensamento ungeriano, com vistas a situá-lo no âmbito dos debates político-teóricos contemporâneos, em especial apreciando sua teoria filosófica, social, ética, política e econômica, seus reparos ao pensamento hegemônico e as alternativas institucionais que aponta, indicando os pilares no qual assenta sua plataforma prático-teórica e legal. Em um segundo momento, aborda seu pensamento jurídico no âmbito desse projeto amplo de mudança social, examinando-o sob a perspectiva abrangente da filosofia política: o direito a serviço da radicalização democrática. Com esse propósito, investiga os possíveis descaminhos da análise jurídica dominante, suas eventuais limitações e compromissos ideológicos, a proposta de um novo sistema de direitos e a fecundidade das medidas judiciais estruturadoras a serem empreendidas pelo Ministério Público, em especial pelo seu ramo laboral. Para, finalmente, no capítulo terceiro e último, visar à reconfiguração do direito como saber a serviço do experimentalismo democrático e da imaginação institucional. À luz do exame circunstanciado das possibilidades de uma agenda programática tal como a apresentada por Mangabeira Unger em relação a áreas cruciais da experiência jurídica, o trabalho conclui com o esforço de apresentar os contornos do que poderia ser o direito enquanto ferramenta de imaginação institucional, com ênfase no reconhecimento do seu potencial criativo. Por considerar que, como muitas das aspirações de amplos projetos de emancipação humana malograram exatamente por não terem encontrado tradução prática em instituições que permitissem a materialização das ambições cultivadas, a pesquisa defende que o direito pode ser o espaço dessa afirmação e encontro. A abordagem teórica que conseguiria dar concretude, em artefatos institucionais e normativos, às mais generosas pretensões de engrandecimento pessoal e coletivo em um plano mais abrangente de radicalização ou aprofundamento do projeto democrático, no qual, sustenta-se, o direito encontraria sua mais nobre vocação. Palavras-chave: Democracia, Unger, direito, imaginação institucional. ABSTRACT It is a research that deals with the law in the thought of Roberto Mangabeira Unger and its relationship with to democracy. In the introductory and initial part, it seeks to offer a critical and general overview of Ungerian thought, with a view to placing it within contemporary debates, in particular by evaluating its philosophical, social, ethical, political and economic theory, its objections to hegemonic thinking, and the institutional alternatives it points out, indicating the pillars on which its theoretical-practical platform rests. Secondly, it appreciates legal thinking within this broad project of social change, examining it from a broad perspective of political philosophy: the law at the service of democratic radicalization. With this pretension, it investigates the misconduct of the dominant legal analysis, its limitations and ideological commitments, the proposal of a new system of rights and the fecundity of the structuring judicial measures to be undertaken by the Public Prosecutor's Office, especially by its labor branch, to finally, in the third and last chapter, to aspire to the reconfiguration of law as knowledge in the service of democratic experimentalism and institutional imagination. From the detailed examination of the possibilities of a programmatic agenda as presented by Mangabeira Unger in relation to crucial areas of legal experience, he concludes with an effort to present the contours of what could be law as a tool of institutional imagination, from the recognition Of their creative potential. Considering that, since many of the aspirations of large human emancipation projects have failed precisely because they have not found practical translation in institutions that would allow the materialization of cultivated ambitions, he maintains that law can be the space of this affirmation and encounter. The voice that could give concreteness in institutional and normative artifacts to the most generous pretensions of personal and collective aggrandizement in a more comprehensive plan of radicalization of the democratic project, in which, it is argued, it can find its most noble vocation. Key-words: Democracy, Unger, law, institutional imagination. SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................... 10 2 O EXPERIMENTALISMO DEMOCRÁTICO EM MANGABEIRA UNGER ....... 15 2.1 A SOCIEDADE COMO ARTEFATO ........................................................................... 18 2.2 A IMAGINAÇÃO DE FUTUROS
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