Dermestid Beetle Control

• Do not accumulate woolens or articles made of animal by-products unless they are extremely important to you.

• Do not keep or store woolens that are not used regularly.

• During non-use seasons, store woolen clothing in tightly-sealed containers or "moth-proof" bags. In most cases the inclusion of mothballs is advised.

• Since these beetles can develop in stored foods, be especially watchful for infestations that start there… Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

• Also known as Ladybird beetles.

• Adults are rounded, and range in size from tiny to ¼ inch long. Color ranges from black to brightly colored.

• Larvae are active and elongate with long legs, and look like tiny alligators.

• Adults very mobile; will leave to find pest.

• Feed on scales, eggs of larvae and other soft- bodied insects and mites

• 5,000 aphids in a lifetime! Lady beetles (Coccinellidae) Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

Left: Chilocorus kuwanae adult. (twice stabbed) Center: Coccinella septempunctata adult. Right: Coleomegilla maculata adult. (a.k.a pink spotted lady beetle)

Left: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adult. Adult eating a aphid. Center: Harmonia axyridis adult. (a.k.a Asian Lady Beetle) Right: Hippodamia convergens adult.

Left: Pseudoscymnus tsugae adult. Center: Rodolia cardinalis adult. (vedalia beetle) Right: Stethorus punctum adult. (a.k.a. spider mite destroyer) Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

Asian Lady Beetle Oder Diptera: Flies, Mosquitoes, Gnats, Midges Order Diptera – “two wing”

• One pair of wings. - second wing is haltere (gyroscope) • Complete Metamorphosis. • Larvae have chewing mouthparts or mouth hooks. • Adults with sucking mouthparts. • Greater economic impact than any other insect group - Pests and vectors of disease. • Beneficial - pollinate flowering plants. - assist with decomposition of organic matter. - biocontrol agents of insect pests. Flies Leaf miners

• Tunnel between the upper and lower leaf surface feeding on the soft inner tissues. • Tolerated by plants unless infestations precipitate high levels of leaf damage. • Cosmetic pest.

Chrysanthemum leaf miner Leaf miners - Lifecycle Leaf miner Damage Spotted Wing Drosophila Spotted Wing Drosophila - Lifecycle Spotted Wing Drosophila -Damage Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae) Syrphid flies, flower flies, Predator hover flies (Syrphidae)

• Large group of flies. • 1/4 to 3/4 inch long. • Most adults eat pollen and nectar (good pollinator). • Adults are black and yellow, often hover around flowers, and look like bees (but do not sting). • Larvae feed on aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs, scale insects, and thrips. Syrphid flies, flower flies, Predator hover flies (Syrphidae)

• Good for slow moving, soft bodied insects. • Early in the growing season. • Single individual can consume up to 400 aphids in a life time. Order Hymenoptera Wasps,Order Bees, Hymenoptera Ants, Horntails,– “membrane Sawflies wing”

• Complete Metamorphosis. • Two pairs of membranous wings. • Chewing mouthparts. • Important pollinators! • Beneficial. • Social. Ants

• Social insects.

• Usually live underground.

• Some ants will eat soft bodied insects.

• Often times considered a nuisance in homes and/or a pest in the garden. Right: Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) with cerambycid larvae. Ants

Ants Harvesting Honeydew Ants vs. Termites Ants vs. Termites

Petiole Ants vs. Termites Hornets, paper wasps (Vespidae Polistes)

Solitary/Hunting Wasps Paper Wasps

• Adults eat mainly caterpillars and feed their larvae beetles, flies, true bugs, and other wasps.

• Adults switch to feed on sugar in late summer.

• Yellow and black markings.

• Some are more aggressive than others. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

Parasitic Wasp of White Fly Important parasite of the greenhouse whitefly Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

Gee Wiz Facts About Insects. How small can these tiny wasps get?

139µm (micrometers)

1000 µm (microns) in 1 millimeter ChalcidDicopomorphawasps echmepterygis (Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera:) Mymaridae) Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

So how do these tiny wasps get around? Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Mining Bee (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) Plasterer Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) Leafcutter Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Leafcutter Bee Houses Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Honey Bees Like to Dance! Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”

Waggle dance is a term used in beekeeping for a particular figure-eight dance of the honey bee. Honey Bee “Waggle Dance” Honey Bee “Waggle Dance” World Crop Production

Of the 100 crops that provide 90 percent of the world's food, over 70 are pollinated by bees. Honey bees account for a third of the $3 trillion worth of agricultural produce sold each year! Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy or Grow Any of These Foods?

Acerola Broad bean Clover (not all species) Alfalfa Broccoli Cocoa Allspice Brussels sprouts Coconut Almond Bucket orchid Coffea Alsike clover Buckwheat Cola nut American Pawpaw Cabbage Coriander Apple* Cactus, Prickly pear Cotton Apricot* Cantaloupe, Melon Cowpea, Black-eyed pea, Arrowleaf clover Carambola, Starfruit Blackeye bean Atemoya, Cherimoya, Custard apple Caraway Cranberry Avocado Cardamom Crimson clover Azarole Carrot Crownvetch Beet Cashew Cucumber Black currant, Red currant Cauliflower Durian Blackberry Celery Eggplant Blueberry Chestnut Elderberry Boysenberry Chilli pepper, Red pepper, Feijoa Brazil nut Bell pepper, Green pepper Fennel Chinese cabbage Fig Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy Any of These Foods?

Flax Macadamia Grape* Mammee apple Guar bean, Goa bean Mango Guava Mustard Hazelnut Naranjillo Hog plum Oil palm Hyacinth bean Okra Jack bean, Horse bean, Sword bean Onion Jujube Papaya Karite Passion fruit. Maracuja Kiwifruit Peach, Nectarine* Lemon Pear* Lima bean, Kidney bean, Haricot bean, Adzuki bean, Persimmon Mungo bean, String bean, Green bean Pigeon pea, Cajan pea, Congo bean Lime Plum, Greengage, Mirabelle, Sloe Longan Pomegranate Loquat Quince Lupine Rambutan Lychee Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy Any of These Foods?

Rapeseed Sunflower Raspberry Sweet Cherry* Red clover Tamarind Rose hips, Dogroses Tangelo Rowanberry Tangerine Safflower Tomato Sainfoin Tung tree Sapodilla Turnip, Canola Scarlet runner bean Vanilla Service Tree Vetch Sesame Walnut Sour cherry Watermelon Soybean White clover Squash (plant), Pumpkin, Gourd, Marrow, Zuchini Stanhopea Star apple, Cainito Strawberry Strawberry tree Bee – Economics 101 & Supply and Demand

“In the next 20 years the cost of Honey Bee pollinated foods could double or triple as bees continue to DIE off.” What? Could It Be True, No More Honey Bees???

Population

In the last 20 years the domesticated honey bee population has shrunk by 30-50% in the U.S. Pollinators in Decline: Honey Bees Colony Collapse Disorder

Viruses Pesticides Nosema apis & ceranae parasitic fungus Parasitic Mites Nutrition Stress Varroa destructor – Single Biggest Issue The biggest killer? Mites & Parasitic Fungus

Varroa mites - These tiny parasites from Siberia have now spread around the world. Attack both larvae and adult bees and reduce bees’ resistance to viral infection.

Tracheal mites – Introduced in the early 1980s, attack the Varroa mite respiratory system of adult bees causing them to choke and can wipe out a colony in a day.

Nosema – A single celled fungal parasite that spread from the Asian honeybee. The bees’ digestive track is destroyed inhibiting the digestion of pollen causing the bees to starve to Tracheal mites death. Nosema also affects the Queen’s ability to lay eggs.

In a recent study at Oregon State University of 247 samples from across the state, 137 (55%) of those samples had the Nosema parasite present and 234 (94%) had Varroa mites present. Nosema Infection Pesticides

Using pesticides on plants kills insects - the bad insects as well as the good insects.

When the honey bee collects pollen or nectar, they may become contaminated with the pesticide which could be carried back to the hive; thus potentially killing nest mates.

Neonicotinds (a class of chemical found in recently developed pesticides) have already been outlawed in France since it damages the bees’ ability to navigate. Why are Native Bees in Decline?

Competition with introduced species (about 28 new species in North America) Climate Change Habitat Loss and Lack of Nutrition Reduced Forage Intensive Agriculture i.e. Stress

Bee keepers and farmers often move hives to different locations (even different states).

Scientists theorize that this excessive moving resulting in rapid seasonal change and colony stress may confuse the honey bees and make them susceptible to diseases. Intensive Agriculture Honey Bees Continue to Die Off… The Question To Ask Undoubtedly Is…

Are We Going to Pollinate Our Own Crops? Would You? Questions? Helping You Put Knowledge to Work!

Dale Whaley Assistant Professor - Regional Extension Specialist

203 S. Rainier St., PO Box 550 Waterville, WA 98858-0550 509-745-8531 [email protected] www.ncw.wsu.edu