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The Impact of Forest Logging and Fragmentation on Carnivore Species Composition, Density and Occupancy in Madagascar’S Rainforests
The impact of forest logging and fragmentation on carnivore species composition, density and occupancy in Madagascar’s rainforests B RIAN D. GERBER,SARAH M. KARPANTY and J OHNY R ANDRIANANTENAINA Abstract Forest carnivores are threatened globally by Introduction logging and forest fragmentation yet we know relatively little about how such change affects predator populations. arnivores are one of the most threatened groups of 2009 This is especially true in Madagascar, where carnivores Cterrestrial mammals (Karanth & Chellam, ). have not been extensively studied. To understand better the Declines of predators are often attributed to habitat loss effects of logging and fragmentation on Malagasy carnivores and fragmentation but few quantitative studies have we evaluated species composition, density of fossa examined how carnivore populations and communities 2002 Cryptoprocta ferox and Malagasy civet Fossa fossana, and change with habitat loss or fragmentation (Crooks, ; 2005 carnivore occupancy in central-eastern Madagascar. We Michalski & Peres, ). This is particularly true for ’ photographically-sampled carnivores in two contiguous Madagascar s carnivores, with knowledge lacking about ff (primary and selectively-logged) and two fragmented rain- their ecology and the e ects of anthropogenic disturbances 2010 forests (fragments , 2.5 and . 15 km from intact forest). (Irwin et al., ), especially in the eastern rainforest where Species composition varied, with more native carnivores in only short-term studies have been conducted (Gerber et al., 2010 16 the contiguous than fragmented rainforests. F. fossana was ). With only % of the original primary forests extant absent from fragmented rainforests and at a lower density in Madagascar and those remaining becoming smaller and 2007 in selectively-logged than in primary rainforest (mean more isolated over time (Harper et al., ), habitat loss −2 1.38 ± SE 0.22 and 3.19 ± SE 0.55 individuals km , respect- and fragmentation are serious threats to many endemic 2010 ively). -
Controlled Animals
Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Fish and Wildlife Policy Division Controlled Animals Wildlife Regulation, Schedule 5, Part 1-4: Controlled Animals Subject to the Wildlife Act, a person must not be in possession of a wildlife or controlled animal unless authorized by a permit to do so, the animal was lawfully acquired, was lawfully exported from a jurisdiction outside of Alberta and was lawfully imported into Alberta. NOTES: 1 Animals listed in this Schedule, as a general rule, are described in the left hand column by reference to common or descriptive names and in the right hand column by reference to scientific names. But, in the event of any conflict as to the kind of animals that are listed, a scientific name in the right hand column prevails over the corresponding common or descriptive name in the left hand column. 2 Also included in this Schedule is any animal that is the hybrid offspring resulting from the crossing, whether before or after the commencement of this Schedule, of 2 animals at least one of which is or was an animal of a kind that is a controlled animal by virtue of this Schedule. 3 This Schedule excludes all wildlife animals, and therefore if a wildlife animal would, but for this Note, be included in this Schedule, it is hereby excluded from being a controlled animal. Part 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 1. AMERICAN OPOSSUMS (Family Didelphidae) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 2. SHREWS (Family Soricidae) Long-tailed Shrews Genus Sorex Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew Episoriculus macrurus North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Old World Water Shrews Genus Neomys Ussuri White-toothed Shrew Crocidura lasiura Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula Siberian Shrew Crocidura sibirica Piebald Shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum 3. -
Introduction to Camera Trapping
Choosing the right camera traps based on interests, goals, and species Marcella J. Kelly- Professor, Virginia Tech Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation WildLabs Community – Tech Tutors July 15, 2021 Remote-Camera Trapping Background Remote cameras/camera traps/game cameras Been around since the late 1890s. But using trip wires and track pads and gave single shots only. 1980s deer hunters => scout hunting grounds 1990s biologists expanded techniques using multiple shot film cameras - film 2000s (mid) brought affordable digital camera technology Remote Camera Applications - Today Scientific Studies Mammals – especially for monitoring of various forest carnivores (e.g. American marten, fisher, wolverine, lynxes, tigers, jaguars, etc.), but also for big game, and large-mammal movement across highways, prey studies, denning behavior (black bears); physical condition of animals (sun bears) Birds – count and monitor ground bird; avian nest predation Herps: e.g. monitoring of timber rattlesnakes. But few herp studies. Remote Wildlife Photography Recreational users (e.g. hunters etc.) Camera Types Cameras now use mostly passive (PIR) infrared sensors PIR –triggers by motion/heat differential when moving object differs in temperature from the environment and moves in front of the sensor Up and coming– remotely download to a base station or satellite uplink Things to consider Do you need protection from wildlife? White flash or infrared? Do you need to lock cameras due to theft? User-friendliness? Do you have a price range? Still photos or video? How long do you need them to last? Protection from the weather? One camera or two per station? How often can you checK them? Battery life Memory card size Kelly et al. -
The 2008 IUCN Red Listings of the World's Small Carnivores
The 2008 IUCN red listings of the world’s small carnivores Jan SCHIPPER¹*, Michael HOFFMANN¹, J. W. DUCKWORTH² and James CONROY³ Abstract The global conservation status of all the world’s mammals was assessed for the 2008 IUCN Red List. Of the 165 species of small carni- vores recognised during the process, two are Extinct (EX), one is Critically Endangered (CR), ten are Endangered (EN), 22 Vulnerable (VU), ten Near Threatened (NT), 15 Data Deficient (DD) and 105 Least Concern. Thus, 22% of the species for which a category was assigned other than DD were assessed as threatened (i.e. CR, EN or VU), as against 25% for mammals as a whole. Among otters, seven (58%) of the 12 species for which a category was assigned were identified as threatened. This reflects their attachment to rivers and other waterbodies, and heavy trade-driven hunting. The IUCN Red List species accounts are living documents to be updated annually, and further information to refine listings is welcome. Keywords: conservation status, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, Endangered, Extinct, global threat listing, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable Introduction dae (skunks and stink-badgers; 12), Mustelidae (weasels, martens, otters, badgers and allies; 59), Nandiniidae (African Palm-civet The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most authorita- Nandinia binotata; one), Prionodontidae ([Asian] linsangs; two), tive resource currently available on the conservation status of the Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies; 14), and Viverridae (civ- world’s biodiversity. In recent years, the overall number of spe- ets, including oyans [= ‘African linsangs’]; 33). The data reported cies included on the IUCN Red List has grown rapidly, largely as on herein are freely and publicly available via the 2008 IUCN Red a result of ongoing global assessment initiatives that have helped List website (www.iucnredlist.org/mammals). -
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1.08 1.19 1.46 Nimravus brachyops Nandinia binotata Neofelis nebulosa 115 Panthera onca 111 114 Panthera atrox 113 Uncia uncia 116 Panthera leo 112 Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Lynx issiodorensis 220 Lynx rufus 221 Lynx pardinus 222 223 Lynx canadensis Lynx lynx 119 Acinonyx jubatus 110 225 226 Puma concolor Puma yagouaroundi 224 Felis nigripes 228 Felis chaus 229 Felis margarita 118 330 227 331Felis catus Felis silvestris 332 Otocolobus manul Prionailurus bengalensis Felis rexroadensis 99 117 334 335 Leopardus pardalis 44 333 Leopardus wiedii 336 Leopardus geoffroyi Leopardus tigrinus 337 Pardofelis marmorata Pardofelis temminckii 440 Pseudaelurus intrepidus Pseudaelurus stouti 88 339 Nimravides pedionomus 442 443 Nimravides galiani 22 338 441 Nimravides thinobates Pseudaelurus marshi Pseudaelurus validus 446 Machairodus alberdiae 77 Machairodus coloradensis 445 Homotherium serum 447 444 448 Smilodon fatalis Smilodon gracilis 66 Pseudaelurus quadridentatus Barbourofelis morrisi 449 Barbourofelis whitfordi 550 551 Barbourofelis fricki Barbourofelis loveorum Stenogale Hemigalus derbyanus 554 555 Arctictis binturong 55 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Genetta victoriae 553 558 Genetta maculata 559 557 660 Genetta genetta Genetta servalina Poiana richardsonii 556 Civettictis civetta 662 Viverra tangalunga 661 663 552 Viverra zibetha Viverricula indica Crocuta crocuta 666 667 Hyaena brunnea 665 Hyaena hyaena Proteles cristata Fossa fossana 664 669 770 Cryptoprocta ferox Salanoia concolor 668 772 Crossarchus alexandri 33 Suricata suricatta 775 -
Evolutionary History of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) Inferred
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.326090; this version posted October 5, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license. 1 Manuscript for review in PLOS One 2 3 Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred 4 from mitochondrial genomes 5 6 Alexandre Hassanin1*, Géraldine Véron1, Anne Ropiquet2, Bettine Jansen van Vuuren3, 7 Alexis Lécu4, Steven M. Goodman5, Jibran Haider1,6,7, Trung Thanh Nguyen1 8 9 1 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, 10 MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, Paris. 11 12 2 Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, 13 United Kingdom. 14 15 3 Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, 16 University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 17 18 4 Parc zoologique de Paris, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. 19 20 5 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA. 21 22 6 Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University 23 Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 24 25 7 Forest Parks & Wildlife Department Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 26 27 28 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.326090; this version posted October 5, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. This article is a US Government work. -
The Carnivora of Madagascar
THE CARNIVORA OF MADAGASCAR 49 R. ALBIGNAC The Carizizrorn of Madagascar The carnivora of Madagascar are divided into 8 genera, 3 subfamilies and just one family, that of the Viverridae. All are peculiar to Madagascar except for the genus Viverricula, which is represented by a single species, Viverricula rasse (HORSFIELD),which is also found throughout southern Asia and was probably introduced to the island with man. Palaeontology shows that this fauna is an ancient one comprising many forms, which appear to be mainly of European origin but with very occasional kinships with the Indian region. For instance, Cvptofiroctaferox, although perhaps not directly related to Proailurus lenianensis (a species found in the phosphorites of the Quercy region of France and in the Aquitanian formations of Saint Gérand-le- Puy) , nevertheless appears to be the descendant of this line. Similarly, the origin of the Fossa and Galidiinae lines would seem to be close to that of the holarctic region. Only Eupleres raises a problem, having affinities with Chrotogale, known at present in Indochina. The likely springboard for these northern species is the continent of Africa. This archaic fauna has survived because of the conservative influence of the island, which has preserved it into modern times. In the classification of mammals G. G. SIMPSONputs the 7 genera of Madagascan carnivora in the Viverridae family and divides them into 3 subfamilies, as shown in the following table : VIVERRIDAE FAMILY Fossinae subfamily (Peculiar to Madagascar) Fossa fossa (Schreber) Eupleres goudotii Doyère Galidiinae subfamily (peculiar to Madagascar) Galidia elegans Is. Geoffroy Calidictis striata E. Geoffroy Mungotictis lineatus Pocock Salanoia concolor (I. -
Small Carnivore CAMP 1993.Pdf
SMALL CARNIVORE CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Final Review Draft Report 1G May 1994 Edited and compiled by Roland Wirth, Angela Glatston, Onnie Byers, Susie Ellis, Pat Foster-Turley, Paul Robinson, Harry Van Rompaey, Don Moore, Ajith Kumar, Roland Melisch, and Ulysses Seal Prepared by the participants of a workshop held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands 11-14 February 1993 A Collaborative Workshop IUCN/SSC MUSTELID, VIVERRID, AND PROCYONID SPECIALIST GROUP IUCN/SSC OTTER SPECIALIST GROUP IUCN/SSC CAPTIVE BREEDING SPECIALIST GROUP Sponsored by The Rotterdam Zoo IUCN/SSC Sir Peter Scott Fund United Kingdom Small Carnivore Taxon Advisory Group A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group, IUCN/SSC Mustelid, Viverrid, and Procyonid Specialist Group and the IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group. The Primary Sponsors of the Workshop were: The Rotterdam Zoo, IUCN/SSC Peter Scott Fund, United Kingdom Small Carnivore Taxon Advisory Group. Cover Photo: Malayan Civet, Viverra tangalunga by Roland Wirth. Wirth, R., A Glatston, 0. Byers, S. Ellis, P. Foster-Turley, P. Robinson, H. Van Rompaey, D. Moore, A Kumar, R. Melisch, U.Seal. (eds.). 1994. Small Carnivore Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Bank. Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. -
Genus Bdeogale, Herpestidae, Carnivora) Based on Molecular, Chromosomal and Morphological Evidence
Ó 2006 The Authors Accepted on 13 February 2006 Journal compilation Ó 2006 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin JZS doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00359.x Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, Paris, France Systematic relationships of the bushy-tailed and black-footed mongooses (genus Bdeogale, Herpestidae, Carnivora) based on molecular, chromosomal and morphological evidence M. Perez,B.Li,A.Tillier,A.Cruaud and G. Veron Abstract The relationships within the mongooses (Herpestidae) have been recently reconsidered on the basis of molecular data. However, these studies failed to completely resolve the relationships within the subfamily Herpestinae. Moreover, the species of the genus Bdeogale have not been included in previous studies. Three genes were sequenced, Cytochrome b, ND2 and Transthyretin intron I, for 20 species of Herpestidae. The results show that the Herpestidae form two clades, corresponding to the traditional Herpestinae and Mungotinae, but with Cynictis included in the former rather than the latter. Within the Herpestinae, the genus Herpestes is not monophyletic. A newly proposed clade groups Bdeogale, Cynictis, Ichneumia and Rynchogale. Some morphological and karyological characters were mapped on the trees so as to characterize the newly defined molecular groups. Key words: phylogeny – Herpestidae – Bdeogale – Cytochrome b – ND2 – Transthyretin intron I Introduction species according to previous authors (see review in The mongooses (Herpestidae) are small-sized carnivores with Wozencraft 2005), commonly called the bushy-tailed mon- terrestrial habits, which can be roughly divided into two gooses. Bdeogale nigripes and Bdeogale jacksoni, which occur groups: small-sized, social, diurnal, invertebrate eater species, in west central Africa, have been placed in the genus and solitary, large-sized and small vertebrate eaters (Veron Galeriscus by Hill and Carter (1941), Schoutenden (1945) et al. -
An Unidentified Carnivoran Species from the Masoala Peninsula of Madagascar
MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 8 | ISSUE 2 — NOVEMBER 2013 PAGE 81 SHORT NOTE http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v8i2.6 The fitoaty: an unidentified carnivoran species from the Masoala peninsula of Madagascar Cortni Borgerson University of Massachusetts Department of Anthropology Amherst, U.S.A. E - mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT travers des enquêtes villageoises portant sur la présence de cet Little is known about carnivoran ecology and population animal sur la presqu’île Masoala, d’autre part. À l’exception de dynamics in northeastern Madagascar, especially on the little sa grande taille (avec un poids estimé à 3–4 kg), d’une muscu- studied Masoala peninsula. This leaves the status of threatened lature développée, d’un pelage noir uniforme, court et brillant, carnivores on the Masoala peninsula poorly understood. Even et de ses yeux rouge - orangé, la morphologie du fitoaty rappelle less is known about the relative taxonomic position and role of celle d’un chat domestique. Il semblerait que le fitoaty serait domestic, feral, and possible wild cats in Madagascar. Adequate distribué sur une vaste étendue géographique de la presqu’île conservation of the Masoala peninsula will remain limited until Masoala. Contrairement aux chats sauvages rencontrés ailleurs the status, threats, and roles of felines and native carnivorans à Madagascar, le fitoaty semble préférer les forêts du Parc in regional system dynamics are documented. Six of the ten car- National de Masoala et de ses environs. Même dans les villages nivoran species belonging to the endemic family Eupleridae, as où le fitoaty a été vu à de nombreuses reprises, il est considéré well as introduced civets, domestic dogs, and cats are known to comme rare. -
When Carnivores Roam: Temporal Patterns and Overlap Among Madagascar’S Native and Exotic Carnivores Z
bs_bs_bannerJournal of Zoology Journal of Zoology. Print ISSN 0952-8369 When carnivores roam: temporal patterns and overlap among Madagascar’s native and exotic carnivores Z. J. Farris1, B. D. Gerber2, S. Karpanty1, A. Murphy1, V. Andrianjakarivelo3, F. Ratelolahy3 & M. J. Kelly1 1 Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA 2 Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 3 Wildlife Conservation Society Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar Keywords Abstract activity; conservation; domestic dog; feral cat; fossa; invasive species; niche; season. Madagascar’s Eupleridae carnivores are perhaps the least studied and most threatened family of Carnivora. Investigating potential direct and indirect com- Correspondence petition among these native species and sympatric exotic carnivores is necessary to Zach J. Farris, Department of Fish and better direct conservation actions. From 2008 to 2013, we photographically sur- Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 124 veyed a diverse rainforest landscape, comparing six native and three exotic carni- Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. vores’ activity patterns throughout the diel cycle. We used hierarchical Bayesian Email: [email protected] Poisson analysis to describe the activity patterns of Madagascar’s carnivore com- munity, assessed effects of season and site on temporal activity patterns, and Editor: Nigel Bennett estimated coefficients of overlap between carnivore pairings to assess effects of body size and ecological niche on temporal overlap among native and exotic Received 29 September 2014; revised 20 carnivores. We observed changes in temporal activity patterns across seasons November 2014; accepted 15 December particularly during the austral summer (hot–dry season) for four native and two 2014 exotic carnivores, including evidence of fossa Cryptoprocta ferox altering their temporal activity during their mating season (hot–dry season). -
Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice (Made Under Section 9 of the Zoo Licensing Act 1981)
www.defra.gov.uk Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice © Crown copyright 2012 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] This document/publication is also available on our website at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-pets/zoos/ Any enquiries regarding this document/publication should be sent to us at: Zoos Branch, Wildlife Species Conservation Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Zone 1/14b Temple Quay House 2 The Square Temple Quay Bristol BS1 6EB Telephone: 0117 372 3606 Email: [email protected] PB Number PB13806 Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 Interpretation of terms used ................................................................................................. 1 Animal welfare in the zoo environment ................................................................................ 2 Section 1 - Provision of food and water ............................................................................... 4 Section 2 - Provision of a suitable environment ..................................................................