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The Stage and Inheritance
1 The Stage and Inheritance he Indian subcontinent is the only subcontinent in the world. That in itself Ttells us that India possesses a unique geography while also being intrinsi- cally linked to the larger continent, Asia. These two impulses, a pull toward engagement as part of a larger whole and a push to be apart due to a unique ge- ography, have influenced India’s history and behavior through the ages and have determined the nature of her engagement with the world. Geography matters because it has consequences for policy, worldviews, and history. The “big geography” of Eurasia, to which the Indian subcontinent is at- tached, divides that landmass into a series of roughly parallel ecological zones, determined largely by latitude, ranging from tropical forest in the south to northern tundra. In between these extremes, are temperate woodlands and grasslands, desert-steppe, forest-steppe, the forest, and more open taiga. The zone of mixed grassland and woodland was the ecological niche for settled ag- riculture to develop in two areas—in southwest Asia, from the Nile valley to the Indus valley, and in southeast Asia including China—where civilizations, states, and empires grew. Of the two, its geography enabled southwest Asia to communicate easily. Throughout history, from the Nile to the Indus and later the Ganga, exchanges, migrations, and change were the rule with civilizations growing and developing in contact with one another even though they were separate geographically.1 The topography of the Indian subcontinent is open on three sides: the west, south, and east and is blocked off to the north by the Himalayan range. -
FREDERICK the GREAT and the SEVEN YEARS' WAR
;- a 1 h9 Class j) py 1 Rnnk L S ?. Epochs of Modern History EDITED BY EDWARD E. MORRIS, M.A., J. SURTEES PHILLPOTTS, B.C.L. AND C. COLBECK, M.A. FREDERICK THE GREAT and the SEVEN YEARS' WAR F. W. LONGMAN By the same Author. A POCKET DICTIONARY of the GERMAN- ENGLISH and ENGLISH -GERMAN LAN- GUAGES. Third Edition (1880). Square i8mo. Price $s. cloth. " By far the best Dictionary himself familiar with the pre- we have seen for practical use." cise nature of the aid which the Examiner. English reader or Student of German needs, has set himself " The handiest and most con- to supply it on the simplest and sort venient of dictionaries ; the most perfect plan." of book never to be away from Morning Post. the study table of a literary man." Literary Churchman. " We have not seen any Pocket Dictionary, German and Eng- " It is incapable of being sur- lish, that can bear comparison passed. ... It has evidently with this. It is remarkably been compiled by a thorough compendious, and the arrange- German scholar, who, being ment is clear." Athenaeum. r. Epochs of Modern History FREDERICK THE GREAT AND THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. ' S111 )P BY F. W. LONGMAN BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD Author of a Pocket Dictionary of the German and English Languages. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743 and 745 Broadway. C (V\ d -0^ GRANT, FAIRES & RODGERS, Electrotyfiers &" Printers, 5a & 54 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia. ly Transfer PREFACE. Although this little book is mainly intended for school- boys, it may perhaps be read by some who will desire a fuller knowledge of Frederick the Great, and of the time in which he lived, than can be derived from its pages : for the sake of these I propose to mention a few of the best books on the subject. -
Voyages & Travel 1515
Voyages & Travel CATALOGUE 1515 MAGGS BROS. LTD. Voyages & Travel CATALOGUE 1515 MAGGS BROS. LTD. CONTENTS Africa . 1 Egypt, The Near East & Middle East . 22 Europe, Russia, Turkey . 39 India, Central Asia & The Far East . 64 Australia & The Pacific . 91 Cover illustration; item 48, Walters . Central & South America . 115 MAGGS BROS. LTD. North America . 134 48 BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON WC1B 3DR Telephone: ++ 44 (0)20 7493 7160 Alaska & The Poles . 153 Email: [email protected] Bank Account: Allied Irish (GB), 10 Berkeley Square London W1J 6AA Sort code: 23-83-97 Account Number: 47777070 IBAN: GB94 AIBK23839747777070 BIC: AIBKGB2L VAT number: GB239381347 Prices marked with an *asterisk are liable for VAT for customers in the UK. Access/Mastercard and Visa: Please quote card number, expiry date, name and invoice number by mail, fax or telephone. EU members: please quote your VAT/TVA number when ordering. The goods shall legally remain the property of the seller until the price has been discharged in full. © Maggs Bros. Ltd. 2021 Design by Radius Graphics Printed by Page Bros., Norfolk AFRICA Remarkable Original Artworks 1 BATEMAN (Charles S.L.) Original drawings and watercolours for the author’s The First Ascent of the Kasai: being some Records of service Under the Lone Star. A bound volume containing 46 watercolours (17 not in vol.), 17 pen and ink drawings (1 not in vol.), 12 pencil sketches (3 not in vol.), 3 etchings, 3 ms. charts and additional material incl. newspaper cuttings, a photographic nega- tive of the author and manuscript fragments (such as those relating to the examination and prosecution of Jao Domingos, who committed fraud when in the service of the Luebo District). -
The Military Labor of the British Occupation of Manila, –∗
IRSH (), pp. – doi:./S © Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Securing Trade: The Military Labor of the British Occupation of Manila, –∗ M EGAN C. THOMAS Department of Politics, University of California, Santa Cruz High St., Santa Cruz, CA ,USA E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Military labor played a key role in conquering and preserving ports as nodes in trading networks. This article treats the military labor of the British occupa- tion of Manila from to , during the Seven Years War. It examines the motley crew that formed the British forces, exploring British categories of military laborers sent from Madras. The particular combination of forces composed for this expedition had more to do with the East India Company’s concerns in Madras than with what was thought to be needed to take and hold Manila. These military laborers were sometimes unruly, insisting on better pay, and deserting when it was not forthcoming. The story of the British occupation of Manila highlights how ideas about desertion traveled along with military laborers from one port city to another in the Indian Ocean world, and what happened when they did. INTRODUCTION In , a few days before leaving the British East India Company’s port of Madras (now Chennai) on a military expedition to seize the Spanish port of Manila, the British commander Brigadier General William Draper wrote to the Secretary at War in London complaining that most of his men were a composition of deserters of all nations who I take with me more to ease the fears and apprehensions -
Texto Completo
MARTÍNEZ NAVAS , I., «Alberoni y el gobierno de la Monarquía española», REDUR 8, diciembre 2010, págs. 63-110. ISSN 1695-078X ALBERONI Y EL GOBIERNO DE LA MONARQUÍA ESPAÑOLA Isabel MARTÍNEZ NAVAS PROFESORA TITULAR DE HISTORIA DEL DERECHO UNIVERSIDAD DE LA RIOJA SUMARIO: Introducción. I. Semblanza personal y política del Cardenal Alberoni. I.1. Primeros pasos en la Corte. I.1.1. A la sombra de Vendôme. I.1.2. Agente extraordinario del Duque de Parma. I.1.3. Primera misión oficial en la Corte española. I.2. Alberoni, favorito de los Reyes. I.2.1. Consejero de la Reina. I.2.2. Privado y Cardenal. I.3. Cese, persecución y rehabilitación pública. I.3.1. El cese y los documentos en poder de Alberoni. I.3.2. Arresto y procesamiento de Alberoni. II. Alberoni y el gobierno de la Monarquía española. II.1. Reformismo y contrarreformismo. II.1.1. Las reformas Ursinos-Orry. II.1.2. El Ministerio del Cardenal Giudice y la intervención de Alberoni en los negocios públicos. II.2. El bienio Alberoni. II.2.1. La reforma de los Consejos y de la “vía reservada”. II.2.2. Los poderes de Alberoni. La praxis de gobierno. RESUMEN: Entre 1717 y 1719 Felipe V contó con un “Ministro principal”, Giulio Alberoni. La difusa naturaleza del poder ejercido por este Ministro, hace necesario el establecimiento de contornos precisos –cronológicos, institucionales y, en alguna medida también, materiales– a su intervención en el gobierno de la Monarquía española. PALABRAS CLAVE : Alberoni. Privados. Validos y Primeros Ministros. Reformismo. Consejos. Vía reservada. -
Acta 116 Kor.Indd
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Alliance Trea es Acta Poloniae Historica 116, 2017 PL ISSN 0001–6829 Jacek Kordel Institute of History, University of Warsaw THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH IN EIGHTEEN-CENTURY ALLIANCE TREATIES OF THE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES, 1720–72 Abstract When in 1719 Augustus II of Poland made an attempt to emancipate himself from the infl uence of the Russian emperor, the latter entered into alliance with the Prus- sian king, with the intent of preventing emancipation of the monarch and his country. The alliance concluded by Tsar Peter the Great with King Frederick William I of Prussia expressed the substantial interests of both monarchies. It was all about keeping watchful oversight of political and military weakness of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and rendering the country isolated in the inter- national arena. The programme established by Petersburg and Berlin remained valid until the end of the eighteenth century and the fi nal, third, partition of Poland. The monarchs guaranteed that they would do everything possible to prevent the Polish constitutional system from altering (keeping the king’s rights restrained against the liberties maintained – primarily the liberum veto and free election of monarch), and treasury and military reforms from implementing. The preponder- ance over the Commonwealth implied the participation of Russia in what is termed the concert of the European powers. For the country of the Hohenzollerns, the debilitation of the nobility-based republic was, in turn, an opportunity for increas- ing the its territory, which had been policy energetically pursued since the Great Elector Frederick William’s reign (1640–88). -
Giulio Alberoni, Reform Through the Vía Reservada and the First Creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada
Chapter 4 Giulio Alberoni, Reform through the Vía Reservada and the First Creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada Although the reales cédulas of May 27, 1717, claimed that the decision to cre- ate a viceroyalty in northern South America had been discussed “in various occasions”,1 no corroborative evidence of this has ever been found. The only other document from the period to suggest that the idea of creating a vice- royalty was seriously considered before 1717 is an entry within the memoirs of the Duke of Saint-Simon, a member of Philip V’s French entourage. According to him the Prince of Santo Buono, viceroy of Peru, had recommended in 1716 segregating the provinces of New Granada, Cartagena, Panama and Quito from Peru to establish a third viceroyalty with its capital in Santa Fe. According to Saint-Simon, the king had approved this project that same year.2 Indeed, the almost complete absence of documentation pertaining to what undoubt- edly constituted a dramatic transformation of the administrative structure of Spanish America has long puzzled historians. There is no record of a consulta produced by the Council of the Indies equivalent to that produced by the Council of Castile before the introduc- tion of the Nueva Planta of Catalonia. There is no indication that any high- ranking governmental officials based within the province or recently returned from it were consulted, as was the case with the chevalier d’Asfeldt concerning the Nueva Planta of Majorca.3 There is not even evidence that the different authorities who might have been involved in such a decision voiced either sup- port or opposition to it in the months leading up to April 29, 1717, as was the case before the abolition of the fueros—and suppression of vice-regal rule—in 1 “Real cédula por la cual se crea el Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada en 27 de mayo de 1717” reproduced in full in Jerónimo Becker and José María Rivas Groot, El Nuevo Reino de Granada en el Siglo XVIII (Madrid: Imp. -
Travel, Natural History & Scientific Exploration
travel, natural history & scientific exploration bernard quaritch ltd · catalogue 1436 · mmxvii BERNARD QUARITCH LTD 40 SOUTH AUDLEY STREET, LONDON W1K 2PR +44 (0)20 7297 4888 [email protected] www.quaritch.com For enquiries about this catalogue, please contact: Mark James FLS ([email protected]) Illustrations: Front cover: item 4 (Niebuhr) Title vignete: item 23 (Speke) Rear cover: item 85 (Selby) Bankers: Barclays Bank PLC, 1 Churchill Place, London E14 5HP Sort code: 20-65-82 Swift code: BARCGB22 Sterling account IBAN: GB98 BARC 206582 10511722 Euro account IBAN: GB30 BARC 206582 45447011 US Dollar account IBAN: GB46 BARC 206582 63992444 VAT number: GB 840 1358 54 Mastercard, Visa and American Express accepted. Cheques should be made payable to ‘Bernard Quaritch Limited’ © Bernard Quaritch Ltd 2017 travel, natural history & scientific exploration bernard quaritch limited ∙ antiquarian booksellers since 1847 catalogue 1436 mmxvii CONTENTS The Middle East nos 1-18 Africa nos 19-28 Polar Exploration and Mountaineering nos 29-40 Asia nos 41-54 Australasia and The Pacific nos 55-60 The Americas nos 61-73 The Napoleonic Era nos 74-79 Europe and Russia nos 80-91 Index p. 162 Bibliography p. 163 Important notice: items marked with an asterisk (*) are subject to VAT if purchased by EU buyers the middle east A METRICAL CATALOGUE OF SYRIAC THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL WRITINGS, EDITED BY THE ‘LEARNED MARONITE’ ECCHELLENSIS 1. 'ABHDISHO' BAR BERIKHA, Metro- politan of Soba and Abraham ECCHELLENSIS, translator and editor. Ope Domini Nostri Jesu Christi incipimus scribere tractatum continentem catalogum librorum Chaldæorum, tam ecclesiasticorum, quam profanorum. ... Latinitate donatum, & notis illustratum ab Abrahama Ecchellensi. -
Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy
Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 2015 Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy Jeremy Brooks Weed Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Weed, Jeremy Brooks, "Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy" (2015). University Honors Theses. Paper 177. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.185 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. P a g e | 1 Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy By Jeremy Brooks Weed P a g e | 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction to the Hohenzollerns of Prussia II. Historical Perspectives and a Divided Discourse III. Brandenburg to Prussia IV. The Politics Religion and the International Norms of the 17th and 18th Century V. The Holy Roman Empire and the Internal Politics of Dynastic Claims VI. International Norms of the Early Modern Era and the Relationship of Dynastic Claims VII. The House of Hohenzollern and the Foundations of Prussian Dynastic Claims VIII. The Reign and Achievements of Elector Frederick William IX. From Prince to King the Reign of Frederick I X. King Frederick William I takes Stettin and Centralizes the State XI. From Claims to Prussian Territory: How Frederick II Settled the Claims XII. Conclusion XIII. Works Cited XIV. Appendix A: Maps of Prussia P a g e | 3 I. -
Alberoni E Sant'agata
San Marino, 5 febbraio 1740 “Sant’agata e l’alberoni” Presentazione a cura del prof. Antonio Cozza – Centro di Documentazione della Scuola Media – 2009/2010 Riduzione e adattamento - Lidia Olei Centro di Documentazione Serravalle 2012-13 Quale significato ha per la Repubblica di San Marino la festa di Sant’Agata? Quando si parla di San Marino viene naturale includere tra le sue peculiarità innanzi tutto quella della libertà. La libertà, costitutiva dell’identità del popolo sammarinese, ha radici lontane e profonde, che si ricollegano ad alcune figure emblematiche della nostra storia. La prima figura è quella di Marino, da cui la nazione stessa prende nome e origine, un tagliapietre dalmata che rifugiatosi sul Monte Titano creò attorno a sé una comunità di uomini per i quali il valore cristiano della fede ed il valore umano della libertà divennero inscindibili. La seconda figura è senza dubbio quella di Agata, la vergine e martire di Catania che per una singolare vicenda storica è stata eletta compatrona della Repubblica di San Marino. La festa di Sant’Agata è legata quindi a questo elemento costitutivo dell’identità del popolo sammarinese -di primaria importanza- che è la libertà. Di quale vicenda storica si parla? È una vicenda che risale al lontano 1739, quando il Cardinale Giulio Alberoni, legato di Romagna per lo Stato Pontificio, fu interpellato per il giudizio dei sammarinesi Pietro Lolli e Marino Belzoppi, che erano stati arrestati per una congiura (e altri reati) contro il governo, allora oligarchico, della Repubblica. Ne conseguì una serie di azioni e reazioni che culminarono con l’intervento del Cardinale Alberoni nella Repubblica di San Marino con l’intenzione di annetterla allo Stato Pontificio. -
Neil Benjamin Edmonstone and the First Indian Imperialists, 1780-1820 Marla Karen Chancey
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2003 In the Company's Secret Service: Neil Benjamin Edmonstone and the First Indian Imperialists, 1780-1820 Marla Karen Chancey Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY HISTORY DEPARTMENT IN THE COMPANY'S SECRET SERVICE: NEIL BENJAMIN EDMONSTONE AND THE FIRST INDIAN IMPERIALISTS, 1780-1820 by MARLA KAREN CHANCEY A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2003 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Marla Karen Chancey, defended on August 26, 2003. Bawa Satinder Singh Professor Directing Dissertation Patrick M. O'Sullivan Outside Committee Member Peter P. Garretson Committee Member Winston Lo Committee Member Richard L. Greaves Committee Member Approved: Neil Jumonville, Chair, Department of History Donald Foss, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv INTRODUCTION 1 1. ORIGINS, 1765-1783 4 2. SOCIETY AND IMPERIALISM IN OLD CALCUTTA: 1783-1788 17 3. "THE SPLENDOR AND MAJESTY": A SEASON IN HYDERABAD, 1788-1790 36 4. ASAF-UD-DAULA AND THE BRITISH, 1790-1794 56 5. POWER POLITICS IN AWADH, 1794-1797 73 6. THE DENOUEMENT, 1797-1799 89 7. WILD AMBITION: THE MASSACRES OF 1799 105 8. WAR IN MASQUERADE, 1799-1801 126 9. THE POMP AND THE POWER, 1802-1803 145 10. -
82. Indian Subcontinent, 1750–1947
82. Indian Subcontinent, 1750–1947 Tania Sengupta [CHAPTER KEYWORDS: India; Pakistan; Bangladesh; Burma; Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Britain; France; British Raj; prison; railway station; market (bazaar); bungalow; veranda; cutcherry (office); zilla sadar; cantonment; Neoclassicism; Indo-Saracenic; New Delhi; Edwin Lutyens] [CHAPTER ABSTRACT: The Indian subcontinent under colonial rule from the mid-eighteenth to mid-twentieth centuries witnessed the establishment of British economic and political dominance, suppressing other European powers, and consequently creating a long-term negative balance of the subcontinent’s trade with Europe and loss of its political sovereignty to Britain. Starting with Bengal around the mid-eighteenth century, the British gained territories across India, Ceylon and Burma over the nineteenth century. British colonial rule consisted of creating a ‘military fiscal’ state with agricultural revenues used to fund British wars worldwide. It also exploited cash cropping and plantation economies along with political control. In the full-blown imperial era (starting in 1858, following the Indian Mutiny of 1857), the colonial administration developed major institutions and other forms of infrastructure, accompanied by Victorian health and sanitary regimes, to organise and control its subjects’ lives. Following numerous peasant uprisings and increasingly including the middle classes, Nationalist resistance to British rule had intensified by the early twentieth century. This opposition, along with the war-impoverished British economy, finally led to the independence of the nations of the Indian subcontinent in the late 1940s. Colonial sociocultural encounter from the late eighteenth century involved the confrontation of European Enlightenment ideals with those prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Early colonial travellers and Orientalists engaged in the study of Eastern cultures viewed the East as an exotic but decaying civilisation.