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Iberian Interconnections Conference Proceedings, 2016 ASSOCIATION FOR CONTEMPORARY IBERIAN STUDIES IBERIAN INTERCONNECTIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 2016 Eds. Susana Rocha Relvas Rikki Morgan-Tamosunas Maria Gómez Bedoya ASSOCIATION FOR CONTEMPORARY IBERIAN STUDIES IBERIAN INTERCONNECTIONS—CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 2016 SUSANA ROCHA RELVAS; RIKKI MORGAN-TAMOSUNAS; MARIA GÓMEZ BEDOYA [EDS.] © Universidade Católica Editora . Porto Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327 | 4169-005 Porto | Portugal + 351 22 6196200 | [email protected] www.porto.ucp.pt | www.uceditora.ucp.pt Coleção · e-book · Olinda Martins Capa · Olinda Martins Coordenação · Susana Rocha Relvas Data da edição · dezembro 2016 ISBN · 978-989-8835-14-7 ASSOCIATION FOR CONTEMPORARY IBERIAN STUDIES IBERIAN INTERCONNECTIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 2016 Eds. Susana Rocha Relvas Rikki Morgan-Tamosunas Maria Gómez Bedoya INTRODUCTION · 06 · Mark Gant Keynote Addresses · 08 · · 09 · · 22 · SECTION I Multiculturalism and Awareness · 41 · · 42 · SECTION II Comparative Iberian Literature · 58 · · 59 · · 68 · SECTION III Tourism and Propaganda · 78 · · 79 · · 95 · SECTION IV Economy and Society: Labour and the Mining Sector · 108 · · 109 · · 120 · · 132 · SECTION V Memories, Representations and Identities in Spain in the Second Half of the XX Century · 145 · · 146 · SECTION VI Aging and Old Age in Contemporary Cinema and Transgressions · 160 · · 161 · · 175 · · 185 · SECTION VII Economy and Welfare in the Contemporary Period · 198 · · 199 · · 211 · SECTION VIII Emigration and Political Crisis · 220 · · 221 · SECTION IX Media and Social Communication · 233 · · 234 · · 244 · SECTION X Iberian Literary and Cultural Issues · 255 · · 256 · · 270 · · 280 · SECTION XI Idealisms and Iberian Democracy · 298 · · 299 · · 307 · · 319 · · 327 · ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS HOSTING COMMITTEE ACIS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OPERATIONAL TEAM VOLUNTEERS TEAM INTRODUCTION At the invitation of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, The Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies returned to Portugal for our 38th Annual Conference from 7th to 9th September 2016. Three keynote addresses and a total of 42 Papers were presented and these covered a wide range of interests which were representative of the Association’s interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary emphases. The Annual Conference moves regularly between the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Spain and Portugal and our location in Porto gave the opportunity for our keynote speakers to explore varied dimensions not only of the relationships between the two Iberian states and culture areas from Portuguese perspectives but also to consider transatlantic Iberian influences. Sonia Izquierdo Merinero of the Cervantes Institute in Lisbon brought a valuable update on the presence of Spanish in Portugal, drawing also on her experience in Brazil, and considered the often ambiguous relationship between the two languages. José Esteves Pereira of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa contributed a consideration of the impact of Ortega y Gasset on philosophy in the Portuguese- speaking world on both sides of the Atlantic. Maria Geraldes, current Chief Executive Officer of the Agrupación Europea de Cooperación Territorial/ Agrupamento Europeu de Cooperação Territorial Galicia-Norte de Portugal presented the closing keynote address on the subject of the developing and multiple economic and cultural relationships between the North of Portugal and Galicia. Panels covering varying aspects of multiculturalism, comparative literature, tourism and propaganda, economy and society, representations and identities, cinema, politics and migration, media and communication, cultural studies and history reflected a rich breadth of scope which is characteristic of the Association. These panels brought together participants from Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Brazil, the Republic of Ireland, Japan, Puerto Rico and the United States of America, including four postgraduate bursary holders. As well as papers focussed on specifically Spanish or Portuguese themes, a number of panels highlighted trans Iberian and transatlantic perspectives and these connections were further emphasised by the invaluable contribution made by the round table discussion in which the chair, Susana Rocha Relvas and invited guests José Miguel Sardica, Santiago Pérez Isasi, Isabel Araújo Branco and Rosario Mascato Rey reflected on the current state of Iberian Studies and raised some key questions about the relationship of the field to the wider Lusophone and Hispanic Worlds particularly in terms of postcolonial and polysystemic perspectives. In the light of this increased interest in transnational issues and processes the Executive Committee has subsequently 6 proposed an adjustment to the remit of the Association to be brought to the 2017 Annual General Meeting. The Executive Committee are very grateful to Susana Rocha Relvas for initiating the first publication of the Association’s conference proceedings and for gathering together in this volume the majority of the addresses and papers presented. Dr Mark Gant Chair of Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies Executive Committee 7 Keynote addresses Sónia Izquierdo Merinero Instituto Cervantes de Lisboa José Esteves Pereira Universidade Nova de Lisboa 8 La actualidad de los estudios de español en Portugal Sonia Izquierdo Merinero Instituto Cervantes, Lisboa Resumen El recorrido de España y Portugal no puede entenderse el uno si el otro. La interrelación de estos dos países, a los que une no sólo la tierra, se ha visto potenciada según las diferentes épocas e intereses, dando relevancia a diversos aspectos dentro del e spectro del ámbito económico, político, social o educativo. En nuestra intervención en la 38ª conferencia de ACIS - Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies pretendemos ser capaces de presentar un panorama actualizado de la situación del español en Portugal, a día de hoy, refiriéndonos a algunos de los aspectos que nos parecen más relevantes, tales como instituciones, asociaciones, inclusión en los currículos, número de estudiantes, certificaciones lingüísticas, premios, publicaciones específicas, materiales y traducciones. Los datos que presentaremos se han recopilado con el objetivo de animar a que sigamos nuestras andanzas de manera conjunta, disminuyendo las distancias y sin perder nuestras peculiaridades, casi como es la similitud, llena de dobleces, de ambas lenguas. Palabras llave: lengua española, Portugal, España, currículos, certificaciones, didáctica. Agradecimientos Muy buenas tardes. Quiero agradecer, en nombre del Director del Instituto Cervantes de Lisboa, Javier Rioyo, y en el mío propio, a la ACIS y a su presidente la invitación que tan amablemente nos hicieron para participar en esta trigésimo octava jornada de la Asociación. Les felicitamos por la sobresaliente organización de este evento, por la interesante distribución temática de las mesas, y por la capacidad de convocatoria, a la vista de la afluencia de participantes. Quiero agradecer igualmente a la Universidad Católica de Oporto por la excelente logística que está demostrando en la puesta en escena de la jornada y por el apoyo que le ofrece a los participantes y en especial a Susana Relvas. Igualmente quiero ofrecerle nuestro reconocimiento a la profesora María Gómez Bedoya, además de por su siempre empático y cariñoso trato, por el contacto inicial que estableció con el Instituto Cervantes en nombre de la ACIS. 1. Elección del tema La elección del tema para esta exposición se debe, en primer lugar, porque al ser dos naciones unidas por una tierra, sus relaciones de toda índole, han sufrido vaivenes a lo largo de ambas historias desde el siglo XI y XII, fechas ambas que se consideran como constitución, por un lado, del país de Portugal (al ser cedido un ducado dependiente de 9 Galicia por parte del rey Alfonso VI) y la otra por la fundación de la monarquía portuguesa y su reconocimiento por parte del papa Inocencio II. Según reseña Rodríguez Pardo (2008) España y Portugal, dos estados originados del mismo tronco Hispánico vivieron sin embargo largos periodos de enemistad, e incluso intentaron absorberse mutuamente. Ello implica que ambos Estados tuvieron proyectos medianamente similares en su origen, pero volcados a diferentes fines. Las tensiones políticas, los matrimonios, las relaciones comerciales y las expansiones más allá de la península ibérica de ambos países Han tenido –y probablemente tienen Hoy día- su necesario reflejo en el ámbito de la literatura y la lengua española. Parece que estamos Hoy ante un interés por el español en Portugal – y viceversa, aunque no sea el objeto ni objetivo de esta cHarla -, no sé si renovado pero sí actualizado, que se ve en los trabajos en el ámbito de las Humanidades, de las relaciones económicas –un gran número de empresas instaladas en Portugal y el anuncio de nuevas incorporaciones y acuerdos empresariales- y en el “descubrimiento” de Portugal como destino para los turistas españoles: tal y como evidencian los datos en 2015 Portugal recibió 1,6 millones de turistas españoles, un 6% más que en 2014, según informó el presidente de Turismo de Portugal, en la Feria Internacional de Turismo de Madrid (FITUR)1 y dijo que “Espanha é o país que mais turistas emite para Portugal, mas não é o que gera mais dormidas ou receitas.”, afirma João Cotrim Figueiredo. “e há ainda que contar com aqueles que estão mais perto, na Andaluzia, que vão apenas almoçar ou
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