KNOWN SIBYLLINE CONSULTATIONS, 509-83 B.C.E

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

KNOWN SIBYLLINE CONSULTATIONS, 509-83 B.C.E APPENDIX TWO KNOWN SIBYLLINE CONSULTATIONS, 509-83 B.c.E. REFERENCE DATE REASON or PRODIGY RESPONSE Dion. Hal. 6.1 7, 6. 94 496 drought propitiation for Ceres (temple) Livy 4.21.5 436 pestilence, earthquakes obsecratio (duumviris praeeuntibus) Livy 4.25.3 433 pestilence many things (? Temple of Apollo?) Livy 5.13.5 399 harsh summer after severe winter lectisternium Livy 5.50 390 Gallic sack rites of purification Livy 7.2 364 pestilence lectisternium Dion. Hal. 14, fr. 11 362 chasm in Forum (Lacus Curtius) sacrifice item of greatest value [Marcus Curtius] Livy 7.27.1 346 pestilence lectistemium Livy 7.28.6-8 344 shower of stones, eclipse appointment of dictator causa Jeriae-supplicatio Livy 10.31 295 pestilence, showers of stones, not reported lightning Livy 10.47 293 pestilence summons to Aesculapius, supplicatio in interim Augustine, CD 3.17; Oros. 4.5 272? pestilence restoration of shrines V. M. 2.4.5; Livy ep. 49; et al. 249 pestilence Ludi Saeculares Appendix 2 (cont.) ~ 0..,... REFERENCE DATE REASON or PRODIGY RESPONSE Veil. 1.14; Pliny NH 18.286 241/238 drought temple & games to Flora Dio 12, fr. 50 228 not reported "Beware of Gauls when thunderbolt hits Capitol" Zon. 8.19; Plut. Marc 3 225 not reported Greek and Gaul pair buried alive Livy 21.62 218 many: lightning hits temple, shower lustratio, lectisternium to of stones, animal prodigies, phantom Iuventas, sacrifice to Genius ships & men, lots shrink populi Romani, supplicatio to Hercules, vow by praetor 1:'1~ Livy 22.1 217 many: mysterious fires, blood gifts to Jupiter, Juno & ~ (after omens, sun & moon prodigies, Minerva, sacrifices to Juno ~ Trebia) sweating statues, lots shrink and one Regina & Juno Sospita, ~ falls out by itself matrons give to Juno Regina & 0 celebrate lectisternium, freedwomen give to Feronia Livy 22.9.8 217 neglect of Flaminius vow to Mars, temples for (pretext after Trasimene) Venus Erycina & Mens, Ludi Magni, ver sacrum, supplicatio, lectisternium Livy 22.36 216 many: stone showers, blood flowing, not reported lightning Livy 22.57 216 many, and especially the unchastity Greek & Gaul pairs of 2 Vestals buried alive .
Recommended publications
  • The Imperial Cult and the Individual
    THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CLAIRE McGRAW Dr. Dennis Trout, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME presented by Claire McGraw, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________________ Professor Dennis Trout _______________________________________________ Professor Anatole Mori _______________________________________________ Professor Raymond Marks _______________________________________________ Professor Marcello Mogetta _______________________________________________ Professor Sean Gurd DEDICATION There are many people who deserve to be mentioned here, and I hope I have not forgotten anyone. I must begin with my family, Tom, Michael, Lisa, and Mom. Their love and support throughout this entire process have meant so much to me. I dedicate this project to my Mom especially; I must acknowledge that nearly every good thing I know and good decision I’ve made is because of her. She has (literally and figuratively) pushed me to achieve this dream. Mom has been my rock, my wall to lean upon, every single day. I love you, Mom. Tom, Michael, and Lisa have been the best siblings and sister-in-law. Tom thinks what I do is cool, and that means the world to a little sister.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Virtues
    An Introduction to the Roman Deities Hunc Notate: The cultural organization, the Roman Republic: Res publica Romana, and authors have produced this text for educational purposes. The Res publica Romana is dedicated to the restoration of ancient Roman culture within the modern day. It is our belief that the Roman virtues must be central to any cultural restoration as they formed the foundation of Romanitas in antiquity and still serve as central to western civilization today. This text is offered free of charge, and we give permission for its use for private purposes. You may not offer this publication for sale or produce a financial gain from its distribution. We invite you to share this document freely online and elsewhere. However, if you do share this document we ask that you do so in an unaltered form and clearly give credit to the Roman Republic: Res publica Romana and provide a link to: www.RomanRepublic.org 1 Roman Republic: Res publica Romana| RomanRepublic.org An Introduction to the Roman Deities The existence of the gods is a helpful thing; so let us believe in them. Let us offer wine and incense on ancient altars. The gods do not live in a state of quiet repose, like sleep. Divine power is all around us - Publius Ovidius Naso Dedicated to anyone who desires to build a relationship with the Gods and Goddesses of Rome and to my friends Publius Iunius Brutus & Lucia Hostilia Scaura 2 Roman Republic: Res publica Romana| RomanRepublic.org An Introduction to the Roman Deities Who are the Roman Gods and Goddesses? Since the prehistoric period humans have pondered the nature of the gods.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Religion
    4 Roman Religion 1. “By pietas and fides the Romans Reached TheiR PResent eminence” the strength of Rome rested on a number of foundations. Among these were its extraordinarily vital political culture and its capacity to sustain warfare for extended periods of time. Previous chapters have emphasized these features, but in this chapter and the next, focus shifts to less obvious sources of Rome’s strength, namely the special character of its society whose dual foundations were the household and the civic religion of the city. Roman Religiosity during the period of the Republic, outsiders were struck by the religiosity of the Romans. In the second century b.c., Polybius, a Greek statesman and historian who lived much of his adult life in Rome, claimed that it was “scrupulous fear of the gods that kept the Roman commonwealth together” (6.56). A century or so later another expatriate Greek, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, was also impressed by the concern of Romans for religion. Writing about the second king of Rome, dionysius noted that as a result of Numa’s activities, Rome possessed more religious observances than any other city “Greek or non-Greek, even among those who thought of themselves as most god- fearing” (2.63). Needless to say, Romans themselves promoted the belief that fidelity to their oaths and treaties and their general reverence for the gods explained their imperial success. “the gods look kindly on these qualities, for it was by pietas and fides that Romans reached their present eminence” declared the consul Q. Marcius Philippus in 169 b.c.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury (Mythology) 1 Mercury (Mythology)
    Mercury (mythology) 1 Mercury (mythology) Silver statuette of Mercury, a Berthouville treasure. Ancient Roman religion Practices and beliefs Imperial cult · festivals · ludi mystery religions · funerals temples · auspice · sacrifice votum · libation · lectisternium Priesthoods College of Pontiffs · Augur Vestal Virgins · Flamen · Fetial Epulones · Arval Brethren Quindecimviri sacris faciundis Dii Consentes Jupiter · Juno · Neptune · Minerva Mars · Venus · Apollo · Diana Vulcan · Vesta · Mercury · Ceres Mercury (mythology) 2 Other deities Janus · Quirinus · Saturn · Hercules · Faunus · Priapus Liber · Bona Dea · Ops Chthonic deities: Proserpina · Dis Pater · Orcus · Di Manes Domestic and local deities: Lares · Di Penates · Genius Hellenistic deities: Sol Invictus · Magna Mater · Isis · Mithras Deified emperors: Divus Julius · Divus Augustus See also List of Roman deities Related topics Roman mythology Glossary of ancient Roman religion Religion in ancient Greece Etruscan religion Gallo-Roman religion Decline of Hellenistic polytheism Mercury ( /ˈmɜrkjʉri/; Latin: Mercurius listen) was a messenger,[1] and a god of trade, the son of Maia Maiestas and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is related to the Latin word merx ("merchandise"; compare merchant, commerce, etc.), mercari (to trade), and merces (wages).[2] In his earliest forms, he appears to have been related to the Etruscan deity Turms, but most of his characteristics and mythology were borrowed from the analogous Greek deity, Hermes. Latin writers rewrote Hermes' myths and substituted his name with that of Mercury. However, there are at least two myths that involve Mercury that are Roman in origin. In Virgil's Aeneid, Mercury reminds Aeneas of his mission to found the city of Rome. In Ovid's Fasti, Mercury is assigned to escort the nymph Larunda to the underworld.
    [Show full text]
  • War Gods in Archaic Greece and Rome Tyler Krentz Trinity University, [email protected]
    Trinity University Digital Commons @ Trinity Classical Studies Honors Theses Classical Studies Department 4-19-2011 War Gods in Archaic Greece and Rome Tyler Krentz Trinity University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/class_honors Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Krentz, Tyler, "War Gods in Archaic Greece and Rome" (2011). Classical Studies Honors Theses. 3. http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/class_honors/3 This Thesis open access is brought to you for free and open access by the Classical Studies Department at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classical Studies Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War Gods in Archaic Greece and Rome Tyler Krentz A departmental senior thesis submitted to the Classical Studies Department at Trinity University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with departmental honors. April 19, 2006 _________________________ _________________________ Thesis Advisor Department Chair _________________________ Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs Student Copyright Declaration: the author has selected the following copyright provision (select only one): [x] This thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which allows some noncommercial copying and distribution of the thesis, given proper attribution. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA. [ ] This thesis is protected under the provisions of U.S. Code Title 17. Any copying of this work other than “fair use” (17 USC 107) is prohibited without the copyright holder’s permission.
    [Show full text]
  • GREEK RELIGION Walter Burkert
    GREEK RELIGION Walter Burkert Translated by John Raffan r Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts THINGS’ ANIMAL SACRIFICE II t . I ‘WORKING SACRED 55 diverted activity for the apathy which remains transfixed in reality; it lays claim to the highest seriousness, to the absolute. II When considered from the point of view of the goal, ritual behaviour appears as magic. For a science of religion which regards only instrumental 4 since acts action as meaningful, magic must be seen as the origin of religion, Ritual and Sanctuary which seek to achieve a given goal in an unclear but direct way are magical. The goal then appears to be the attainment of all desirable boons and the elimination of possible impediments: there is rain magic, fertility magic, love magic, and destructive magic. The conception of ritual as a kind of language, however, leads beyond this constraining artifice; magic is present only insofar as ritual is consciously placed in the service of some end — which may then undoubtedly affect the form of the ritual. Religious ritual is given as a collective institution; the individual participates within the framework of social communication, with the strongest motivating force being the need not in the study of religion which came to be generally acknowledged to stand apart. Conscious magic is a matter for individuals, for the few, and An insight are more important and end of the last century is that rituals is developed accordingly into a highly complicated pseudo-science. In early towards the ancient religions than are instructive for the understanding of the Greece, where the cult belongs in the communal, public sphere, the more is no longer seen in myths.’ With this recognition, antiquity importance of magic is correspondingly minimal.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CAPITOLINE TRIAD in ROMAN DACIA Maria-Corina Nicolae* The
    THE CAPITOLINE TRIAD IN ROMAN DACIA Maria-Corina Nicolae* Abstract: Jupiter was the central religious figure within the Roman Empire, especially as Optimus Maximus, who formed a triad together with Juno and Minerva. The worship of these deities was an official act which had the role of assuring the devotion towards the Empire and the Emperor. This circumstance is expressed by the standardization of the inscription formula, and also by the iconography of the three deities within the Capitoline Triad. Worshipping Jupiter, Juno and Minerva has less to do with personal religion, than with the religious policy of the Empire. Their presence in Roman Dacia is attested mainly through inscriptions, thus emphasizing the official character of the cult. Furthermore, the standardized iconography of the members of the Capitoline Triad sustains the hypothesis of political rather than personal religious options. Rezumat: Jupiter era figura centrală a panteonului Imperiului Roman, fiind adorat ca Optimus Maximus, formând o triadă împreună cu Iuno şi Minerva. Închinarea în faţa acestor divinităţi era un act oficial ce avea rolul de a asigura devotamentul atât faţă de statul roman, cât şi faţă de împărat. Această situaţie este exprimată de limbajul standardizat folosit în inscripţiile dedicate acestora, dar şi de iconografia celor trei divinităţi reprezentate în artă sub forma Triadei capitoline. Astfel, se observă că actul de devoţiune faţă de Jupiter, Iuno şi Minerva are de-a face mai puţin cu opţiunea personală, cât mai mult cu politica religioasă a Imperiului. Prezenţa acestora pe teritoriul Daciei este atestată mai ales prin intermediul inscripţiilor, subliniindu-se astfel caracterul oficial al cultului, în timp ce iconografia lor, profund standardizată, susţine ideea unor opţiuni mai degrabă politice decât personale.
    [Show full text]
  • Scholarship Classical Studies (93404) 2015
    93404R S Scholarship 2015 Classical Studies 9.30 a.m. Monday 23 November 2015 RESOURCE BOOKLET This booklet contains the resources for Section B of Scholarship Classical Studies. Either: Question Fifteen: Relationships with the Gods. Resources A–H, pages 2–13. Or: Question Sixteen: Political and Military Leadership. Resources I–P, pages 14–23. Check that this booklet has pages 2 – 24 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MAY KEEP THIS BOOKLET AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. For copyright reasons, these resources cannot be reproduced here. © New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand QualificationsAuthority. 2 QUESTION FIFTEEN: RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE GODS EITHER: ANCIENT GREECE RESOURCE A: Strabo on the presence of the divine in the natural world Two passages from Strabo’s Geography show how the gods were thought to inhabit the landscape. The two areas described are close to each other, and near the river Alpheios, the longest river in the Peloponnese, Greece. The Alpheios River flows through Phrixa, Pisatis and Triphylia, past Olympia itself and into the Sicilian Sea between Pheia and Epitalion. … For while Triphylia brings forth good fruit, it breeds red-rust and produces rush; and therefore in this region it is often the case that instead of a large crop there is no crop at all. * 80 stades approximately 15 kilometres. * Kore Demeter’s daughter, Persephone. 3 RESOURCE B: Homer, on prayer in time of war In this passage from the lliad, Achilles prays for Patroclus’ victory and safe return.
    [Show full text]
  • Dysfunctional Family Basic Classical Mythology for the New Millennium
    By Rose Williams Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. Mundelein, Illinois USA Editor: Donald E. Sprague Cover Design & Typography: Adam Phillip Velez Cover Illustration: Facade with Olympians; Academy of Athens © 2008 Shutterstock Images LLC The Original Dysfunctional Family Basic Classical Mythology for the New Millennium Rose Williams © 2008 Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. 1570 Baskin Road Mundelein, Illinois 60060 www.bolchazy.com Printed in the United States of America 2008 by [printer name] ISBN 978-0-86516-690-5 —————————————————————————————————— Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP info goes here TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . vii INTRODUCTION . ix I. THE BEGINNING . .1 II. THE ELDER GODS . .5 III. OLYMPIANS OR DII CONSENTES . .9 III.1 Zeus/Jupiter . .9 III.2 Hera/Juno . 12 III.3 Poseidon/Neptune . 13 III.4 Pluto/Hades . 16 III.5 Hestia/Vesta . 19 III.6 Ares/Mars . 21 III.7 Phoebus Apollo . 22 III.8 Artemis/Diana . 25 III.9 Aphrodite/Venus . 28 III.10 Athena/Minerva . 32 III.11 Hermes/Mercury . 34 III.12 Hephaestus/Vulcan . 39 IV. THE TWO GREAT EARTH GODS . 43 IV.1 Demeter/Ceres . 43 IV.2 Dionysus/Liber . 47 V. NOTES . 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 57 ANCIENT SOURCES . 59 PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS . 61 • v • PREFACE Classical Mythology is an important literary and philosophical thread which permeates society to the present day. Familiarity with it enhances our understanding of art and literature through much of human history. However, it can be somewhat confusing. Th is litt le book presents the ba- sic structure of this huge body of stories which involve a family of gods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Belly and the Limbs: Reconsidering the Idea of a Plebeian “State Within the State” in the Early Roman Republic DISSERTAT
    The Belly and the Limbs: Reconsidering the Idea of a Plebeian “State Within the State” in the Early Roman Republic DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gregory George Pellam, Jr. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Professor Nathan Rosenstein, Advisor Professor Greg Anderson Professor Kristina Sessa Copyright by Gregory George Pellam, Jr. 2012 Abstract This dissertation offers a reevaluation of a long-standing model for the early history of the Roman Republic. Modern scholars have generally believed that the Roman plebs in the first two centuries of the Republic (roughly the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.) was essentially a revolutionary political organization, dedicated to increasing the rights and opportunities of plebeians and overthrowing the patrician monopoly over political, social, religious, and economic power. According to this model, a series of institutions which were dominated by patrician authority (the consulship, the senate, the centuriate assembly) represented the state, and the plebeian organization created its own institutions to mirror these (the tribunes and aediles of the plebs, and a plebeian tribal assembly). Further, the plebs established for itself an administrative center for its political activities on the Aventine hill. They even created their own cult center in the temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera, to mirror the “state” cult of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva on the Capitoline. This plebeian organization is often referred to in modern scholarship as a “state within the state”. It is shown, however, that the evidence for the plebeian “state within the state” does not stand careful scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Sacrifice: the Connection Between Roman Death Rituals and Christian Martyrdom
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Fall 12-2014 Blood Sacrifice: The Connection Between Roman Death Rituals and Christian Martyrdom Angela Dawne Kennedy University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Kennedy, Angela Dawne, "Blood Sacrifice: The Connection Between Roman Death Rituals and Christian Martyrdom" (2014). Honors Theses. 277. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/277 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Blood Sacrifice: The Connection Between Roman Death Rituals and Christian Martyrdom by Dawne Kennedy A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of History December 2014 ii Approved by _____________________________________ Miles C. Doleac, Ph.D., Thesis Adviser Assistant Professor of Classics _____________________________________ Kyle F. Zelner, Ph.D., Chair Department of History _____________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract Scholars from a variety of disciplines have done some incredible work on the subject of martyrdom, but the story is far from complete, particularly in terms of how and why it was so similar to the Roman concept of public deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cult of Vesta in the Roman World Thesis
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The cult of Vesta in the Roman world Thesis How to cite: Cobb, Jennifer Mary (1984). The cult of Vesta in the Roman world. MPhil thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 1983 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000f956 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk UNRESTS !CTED MISS JENNIFER MARY COBB B.A.(LONDON) THE CULT OF VESTA IN THE ROMAN WORLD SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF M.PHIL FACULTY OF ARTS : CLASSICAL STUDIES DATE OF SUBMISSION : 27 D4AY 19 83 i ) a - C L crf^ ; / 4 - M<3>cA/ J P ro Q u e st N um ber: 27777207 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. in the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 27777207 Published by ProQuest LLC (2020). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. Ail Rights Reserved.
    [Show full text]