BEGINNINGS Rectory House Is Close by the Farm Buildings and the Tower of the Ancient Parish Church Appears a Little to the Left of This As One Looks Across the River

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

BEGINNINGS Rectory House Is Close by the Farm Buildings and the Tower of the Ancient Parish Church Appears a Little to the Left of This As One Looks Across the River than in divinity, in the knowledge of training up soldiers than of leading his proper flock in the paths of peace.” From the same source we learn that two centuries later the manor and church were part of the possessions of the Benedictine nunnery at Wherwell in Hants, founded by Queen Elfreda in 956, and that it so remained until the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, when it passed to the Crown. Queen Mary granted it “with its appurtenances and advowson of the church” to Edward Nevile, Knight. Soon after it became the property of Capel, Earl of Essex, whose descendant sold it in 1726 to William Pulteney, Esq. The patronage of the living passed into the hands of the bishop of the diocese early in the present century. It is to William Pulteney and his successors — Henrietta Laura Pulteney, Sir William Johnstone, the Earl of Darlington, the Duke of Cleveland, Lord Powlett and the Forester family — that the Bathwick streets owe their names. Raby derives from the family seat, Raby Castle, Co. Durham, and Rockliffe from Rockliffe Park, Darlington, a residence of Captain Forester. To quote again from Collinson’s History which was published in 1791: “The whole parish (i.e. of Bathwick) contains 45 houses and about 250 inhabitants. Most of the houses form an irregular street near the church.” By .1815 this church, S. Mary’s, the mother church of Bathwick, was little more than a ruin. It stood among fields at river level where now the road, on an embankment, leads from Bathwick Street to Cleveland Bridge. FATHER DUNN The bridge itself dates only from 1827. An old drawing of a view from Walcot Parade shows a ferry-boat crossing the river in the direction of a farm which once occupied part of what is now S. John’s Road and the grounds of the present Vicarage, then S. Mary’s Rectory. The old BEGINNINGS Rectory House is close by the farm buildings and the tower of the ancient parish church appears a little to the left of this as one looks across the river. The present S. Mary’s Church, built to replace it, was consecrated in 1820. Its HE HISTORY OF BATHWICK goes back new site enabled it to serve the inhabitants of to very early-times. Roman graves and those stately streets of houses between the city Tother remains found in S. John’s and Bathwick Hill which had come into being churchyard and the neighbourhood of Villa since the building of Pulteney Bridge in 1770. Fields suggest that it must have been the site of Meyler’s Bath Guide of 1827 says that ” it is a Roman settlement. Mr. R. W. M. Wright, an formed to unite the desiderata of elegance and authority on Bath history, thinks it very probable convenience, and may be considered in every that a Saxon church stood near our present S. way worthy of the’ opulent and daily improving John’s in the 9th century. Domesday records neighbourhood in which it is situated.” that the manor of Wiche (Bathwick.) previously held by Alvric was in 1086 part of the lands It was a rector of this church, the Reverend H. granted by William the Conqueror to the French M. Scarth, who in November 1856 addressed a Bishop of Coutances as a reward for his military pastoral letter to his ” Poorer Brethren ” telling services. Collinson in his History of Somerset them that ” It has long been a source of grief to tells us that this bishop had a distinguished me to see how very few of you have attended command at the battle of Hastings, and was the parish church on Sundays “, and he went said to have been ” much more skilful in arms on to admit the inadequacy of the accommodation provided for obtained for the demolition of toy-like from the elevation of them. At that time the only the old Burial Chapel and the the road, a trifle prim and free seats were tucked away use of the materials in the stiffly early English, standing behind the cumbrous pulpit building of the new church. In on a tea-tray of level, lawn and reading-desk at the west a further letter headed ” A with here and there pretty end, with obvious Few Remarks on the little tombstones to add disadvantages for their Proposed New Church ” and interest and sentiment to the occupants. To meet, the addressed to the working view.” difficulty the Rector offered people, the rector explained to hold an afternoon service that provision having been On the day of the for their special benefit in the made by the generosity of consecration the clergy and chapel of the old burial the donor of of the church for parishioners assembled at S. ground, where the excuse of the stipend of the. curate, the Mary’s to meet the Lord not being able to hear, or of only expense which would Bishop and walked in the embarrassment due to fall upon the parishioners procession to S. John’s, led their ” common dress ” wouldbe such as usually by the beadle and sexton compared with the clothes of come under the with their staves. The service the gentry would no longer churchwardens’ account. He was read by the Reverend L. hold good. It is to the estimated that £30 per R. Hamilton assisted by the situation described in this annum would be sufficient to rector, and the sermon was letter that the church of S. cover all such expenses. preached by the bishop. John the Baptist owes its After the consecration existence. On June 24th 1861 ,the ceremony the bishop and corner-stone of St John’s clergy with various officials It appears that the rector’s was laid, and on July 31st, and parishioners were offer did not meet with such 1862 the church was entertained to lunch at the a good response as he had consecrated by Bath Proprietary College, hoped. Be that as it may, the LordAuckland, Bishop of now the Holburne Museum, idea of making better Bath and Wells. The and incidentally the same provision for the poor and architect was Mr. C. E. Giles building (at that time the people of the labouring and the builder Mr. George Sydney Hotel) in which the class, most of whom lived in Mann. The church, which wardens of S. Mary’s had the area of Grove Street, the forms the north aisle of the met 50 years earlier to courts of Bathwick Street present building, consisted discuss the rebuilding of their and Villa Fields, took root of nave and apsidal chancel, church. Toasts were and bore fruit in the mind of with a porch at the N.E. proposed and the assembly one of the curates, the corner forming the base of a drank to the health of the Reverend Leveson Russell tower and spire added three bishop, the chairman Hamilton, now revered as years later. There were two (Prebendary Scarth) and the the founder of S. John’s. In a small transepts on the south Reverend L. R. Hamilton. In letter to his parishioners the side (one of-these was the evening of the next day a rector wrote again in reserved for the children) meeting of the ” labouring February 186.1. to tell them and a vestry on the north classes ” of the parish was of the generous offer made side of the sanctuary. The held in the Rotunda of the by Father Hamilton to build font, placed opposite the Sydney Gardens, lent by the and endow a small chapel north entrance, and the Hanoverian Band capable of holding 300 pulpit of Bath stone were Committee. About 200 persons to serve as a gifts of individual donors- people including a few of the chapel-of-ease to the parish The lectern was a small ladies of the parish sat down church, in which the oaken eagle, the gift of the to tea, presided over by the accommodation would be sculptor. The furniture of the rector. After tea he entirely free. The site Communion Table and the addressed the meeting, between the old Rectory altar-cloth ” of rich Utrecht saying he was desirous that House, now S. John’s velvet adorned with devices the labouring part of the Vicarage, and Cleveland in needlework ” as well as population should know why Bridge was given by the Lord the altar vessels were also the church had been built of the Manor, Lord William special gifts. and urging them to use it. Powlett, and the consent of Later, Father Hamilton the Lord Bishop of the In The Weekly Churchman a expressed his pleasure at diocese obtained. writer described the little being able for the first time to Permission was also church as ” looking almost address collectively the. working people of Bathwick worship and teaching was and A. D’A Burney, was parish. attracting people from all issued ” in the belief that a parts of Bath who crowded to generous sympathy would be The care of S. John’s and of its doors. Each Sunday extended by churchmen at a the 1,500 or so parishioners numbers of those who came distance to a handful of whose welfare he had so had to be turned away. The clergy who, together with much at heart was confided writer in The Weekly some earnest laymen, were to the Reverend Leveson Churchman has a lively doing their best to provide for Russell Hamilton who recollection of the prevailing the true exhibition of church continued to minister there, conditions. ” The centre principles “, and ” that it until his resignation through gangway.” he says, ” was would probably be years ill-health in 1864.
Recommended publications
  • XIX.—Reginald, Bishop of Bath (Hjjfugi); His Episcopate, and His Share in the Building of the Church of Wells. by the Rev. C. M
    XIX.—Reginald, bishop of Bath (HJJfUgi); his episcopate, and his share in the building of the church of Wells. By the Rev. C. M. CHURCH, M.A., F.8.A., Sub-dean and Canon Residentiary of Wells. Read June 10, 1886. I VENTURE to think that bishop Eeginald Fitzjocelin deserves a place of higher honour in the history of the diocese, and of the fabric of the church of Wells, than has hitherto been accorded to him. His memory has been obscured by the traditionary fame of bishop Robert as the "author," and of bishop Jocelin as the "finisher," of the church of Wells; and the importance of his episcopate as a connecting link in the work of these two master-builders has been comparatively overlooked. The only authorities followed for the history of his episcopate have been the work of the Canon of Wells, printed by Wharton, in his Anglia Sacra, 1691, and bishop Godwin, in his Catalogue of the Bishops of England, 1601—1616. But Wharton, in his notes to the text of his author, comments on the scanty notice of bishop Reginald ;a and Archer, our local chronicler, complains of the unworthy treatment bishop Reginald had received from Godwin, also a canon of his own cathedral church.b a Reginaldi gesta historicus noster brevius quam pro viri dignitate enarravit. Wharton, Anglia Sacra, i. 871. b Historicus noster et post eum Godwinus nimis breviter gesta Reginaldi perstringunt quae pro egregii viri dignitate narrationem magis applicatam de Canonicis istis Wellensibus merita sunt. Archer, Ghronicon Wellense, sive annales Ecclesiae Cathedralis Wellensis, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial Inscriptions Bathwick LHS D-426
    St Mary the Virgin, Bathwick – Smallcombe Cemetery – Memorial Inscriptions Bathwick LHS Row P Names Inscriptions Notes D.P.25 Dorothy Harrison East: Bullock (1836-1914) In Loving Memory Edward Bullock of (1799-) DOROTHY HARRISON BULLOCK 2ND DAUGHTER OF Georgiana Sarah EDWARD BULLOCK ESQRE Bullock (1837-1922) SOME YEARS COMMON SERJEANT OF THE CITY OF LONDON FELL ASLEEP JANUARY 11TH 1914 Cross on 3 plinths. ―•― “HE GIVETH HIS BELOVED SLEEP.” In the 1851 census at 40 Woburn Square, Bloomsbury, London: Edward South: Bullock, aged 51 widower, Common Sergt of London, born at Spanish Also of Town, Jamaica, children: Catherine Elizth, aged 18, born at GEORGIANA Bloomsbury, Dorothy H, aged 14, born at Bloomsbury, and Georgiana, SARAH BULLOCK aged 13, born at Bloomsbury, a governess and three servants. YOUNGER DAUGHTER OF EDWARD BULLOCK ESQRE From The Edinburgh Gazette of Tue 27 Dec 1853 (No. 6346 p1033) FELL ASLEEP APRIL 16TH 1922. WHITEHALL, December 1, 1853. ― The Queen has been pleased to issue a new Commission of “O LORD IN THEE I HAVE TRUSTED.” Lieutenancy for the City of London, constituting and appointing the several persons under-mentioned to be Her Majesty’s Commissioners for that purpose, viz ... Edward Bullock, Esquire, Common Serjeant of Our City of London, and the Common Serjeant of Our said city for the time being; ... In Cambridge University Calendar for the Year 1857 in an advertisement for the English and Irish Church and University Assurance Society, 4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, London on p 40 one of the trustees is: Edward Bullock, Esq., M.A., (Christ Church, Oxford), late Common Serjeant of London.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Document
    Collier, J (2014) A ‘blessed asylum’ or a utopian vision: the viability of a Protestant nunnery in early nineteenth-century England. PhD thesis. Bath: Bath Spa University. ResearchSPAce http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/ This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Your access and use of this document is based on your acceptance of the ResearchSPAce Metadata and Data Policies, as well as applicable law:- https://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/policies.html Unless you accept the terms of these Policies in full, you do not have permission to download this document. This cover sheet may not be removed from the document. Please scroll down to view the document. A ‘BLESSED ASYLUM’ OR A UTOPIAN VISION: THE VIABILITY OF A PROTESTANT NUNNERY IN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND JACQUELINE COLLIER A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bath Spa University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Cultural Industries, Bath Spa University June 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to say a huge thank you to Professor Elaine Chalus for her constant support and for her encouragement especially during the difficult moments while completing this dissertation. Always available for help and advice, her enthusiasm and energy have been a constant source of inspiration. I would also like to thank Dr. Anne Stott for her advice, her comments, her understanding and for her keen interest in my research. Dr. Brian Barber, formerly of Doncaster Record Office, and to the Davies-Cooke family who kindly gave permission and arranged for Lady Isabella King’s papers to be microfilmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Stanton Prior
    STANTON PRIOR MEMORIAL INSCRIPTIONS 2017 Stanton Prior – Memorial Inscriptions Author: P J Bendall Date: 27-Oct-2017 Status: Issue 1 Issue 1 ii Stanton Prior – Memorial Inscriptions Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Layout ............................................................................................................ 4 Churchyard ....................................................................................................... 5 Missing Inscriptions ........................................................................................... 38 Internal Memorials ............................................................................................ 40 Plaques ................................................................................................... 40 Ledger Stones ........................................................................................... 43 Windows ................................................................................................. 44 Index ............................................................................................................ 48 Issue 1 iii Stanton Prior – Memorial Inscriptions Issue 1 iv Stanton Prior – Memorial Inscriptions Introduction restored. At morning service there was a celebration of all who had helped in any way, and especially to thank the Holy Communion, the sermon being preached by the God that this good work had been brought to a successful Rector,
    [Show full text]
  • National Archdeacons' Forum Mailing
    NATIONAL ARCHDEACONS’ FORUM serving the Church of England and the Church in Wales Archdeacons’ News Bulletin no. 27 September 2017 from Norman Boakes Archdeacons’ National Executive Officer Having faith is all about having faith. I know that is a truism, but recent events have reminded us of its truth. Confronted by terrorist violence in Spain and Finland, and witnessing some of the hatred and fear in the violence at Charlottesville, it is all too easy for us to react and withdraw into ourselves. But the way of Jesus is always to go on in faith as he did, trusting in God, and learning to trust more deeply in God as we live with uncertainty, and struggle to understand and to engage with the world around us. The path of love is the only way which leads to fullness of life and true peace. As so many things begin again with the arrival of autumn days, and as so much challenges us, may we grow in faith. With best wishes and prayers, Norman [email protected] 023 8076 7735 * * * * * Archdeacons’ Training Events Bookings for all of the events below have been slow. If you wish to come, please book immediately, so we can assess whether each of these events is needed or should be cancelled. Church House Event for Archdeacons There will be another event entitled A Day at Church House on Thursday 5th October 2017. As before the aim of this day is to offer an opportunity for those archdeacons who are interested to receive briefings and updates from those with whom they most work, and to be able to ask questions and raise issues with them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Survey of Bath and District
    The Survey of Bath and District The Journal of the Survey of Old Bath and Its Associates No.30, October 2015 The Survey of Bath and District No.30, 2015 THE SURVEY OF BATH AND DISTRICT The Journal of the Survey of Old Bath and its Associates Number 30 October 2015 CONTENTS City News: Bath Record Office Reports from Local Societies: Survey of Old Bath Friends of the Survey History of Bath Research Group Widcombe and Lyncombe Local History Society South Stoke History Committee The Freshford & District Local History Society Notes and Queries: The Diaries of Fanny Chapman A Bit more on the James Street West Labour Exchange Portway House, Weston Archaeology/Publications Articles: The Bladud Spa John Macdonald The Johnson Family of South Stoke, a Remarkable Parsonage Family Robert Parfitt The History of Broad Street - A Study of the Sites: Part I, The West Side Elizabeth Holland and Margaret Burrows Friends of the Survey: List of Members Editor: Mike Chapman, 51 Newton Road, Bath BA2 1RW tel: 01225 426948, email: [email protected] Layout and Graphics: Mike Chapman Printed by A2B Print Solutions, Pensford Front Cover Illustration: Lower Broad Street in the 1930s, looking South. Back Cover Illustration: Lower Broad Street in the 1940s, looking North. 1 The Survey of Bath and District No.30, 2015 CITY NEWS Bath Record Office We have made major progress this year on cataloguing the huge quantity of Council records held in the Record Office. This has been made possible by a significant grant in 2014 from the National Cataloguing Grant Programme for archives, and another in 2015 from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • November 2015 L Number 43 L 50P Where Sold the Call Has Gone Out
    Christ Church Link November 2015 l Number 43 l 50p where sold The call has gone out... Too soon to be certain, but early signs are promising The process of recruiting a new Priest- and blessing upon her and Ned. We ask now in-Charge for Christ Church continues that you will help us to share responsibility, grow on track. Our advertisement appeared in faith, love one another, care for those in need, as scheduled in the Church Times for reach out to others, and welcome newcomers. the weekends of 17-18 and 24-25 Lord Jesus, guard and grow this church as October, and on the Diocesan website. we serve you together in this period without Interestingly, traffic to our website a priest-in-charge. Please guide those who are jumped on the Friday when the advert seeking the right priest for us, and those who are first appeared, and we’ve had over 40 seeking the right church for their future ministry, visits specifically linking from either that together we may discover your way for the the Church Times or Diocesan adverts. future and see your kingdom grow. Amen. Unusually, there have also been a significant number of downloads of back issues of Christ Church Link from our website. Typically, there will be interest in the current issue when it’s Christ Church Bath first published, plus the current music list and prayer rota, but this unusual Church profile pattern looks as if there are several October 2015 visitors having a browse to find out more about Christ Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneer Project 2018-2025
    Pioneer Project 2018-2025 Strategic Development Funding Application Stage 2 – Project Plan 3 November 2017 Foreword by the Bishop of Bath and Wells When I think about the word ‘pioneer’ my thoughts immediately go to the Book of Hebrews where we read: ‘Let us run with perseverance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith.’ (Chapter 12: 1 & 2). These words present Jesus as the ‘trailblazer’ or ‘pathfinder’ who goes before us in all things, who makes all things new and who has opened for us the way back to God. It pictures Jesus as an athlete who has run the race, who has kept the faith and who, by his death and resurrection, has become Lord of heaven and earth. By definition ‘pioneering’ is never easy and to be successful this project will require much more than financial investment. It will require courage, determination and prayer. In undertaking this our minds will be stretched, our faith tested and our vision extended. We will certainly have to fix our eyes on Jesus who promises to walk with us and watch over us. I am extremely grateful to the Church Commissioners for the finances they have made available to enable dioceses to fulfil the hopes and aspirations which Jesus the pioneer is placing before us. As together we seek to proclaim the gospel afresh to this generation may we discover anew what it is to live and tell the story of Jesus. Rt Revd Peter Hancock Bishop of Bath and Wells Page | 2 Contents page Foreword by the Bishop of Bath and Wells 2 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medieval Officials-Principal of Rochester
    Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 53 1940 THE MEDIEVAL OFFICIALS-PRINCIPAL OF ROCHESTER. BY THE KEV. A. L. BKOWNE, M.A. INTRODUCTION. OP the ecclesiastical conditions that brought these officers into being Neander is informative. " In the course of the twelfth century," he writes, " the bishops (of Western Christendom) empowered proxies in the administration of their jurisdiction, under the name officiales to preserve their authority against archidiaconal encroachment." (Church History VII, 284, ed. 1851.) That the innovation answered its primary purpose can be admitted, but on the other hand it incidentally provided a whip for lashing laymen and clerics suspected of or charged with breaches of canon law. And the strictures passed on the administrative iniquities of these officers, at any rate on the Continent, by Peter of Blois1 are sufficiently pertinent for quotation : " Tota officialis intentio est, ut ad opus episcopi suae jurisdictioni commissas miserimas oves quasi vice illius tondeat, emungat, excoriet. Isti sunt episcoporum sanguisugae" (Ep. 25). This, epitomized, may be rendered :—These officials are employed to shear the wretched sheep within their jurisdiction; they are the bloodsuckers for the bishops. Be this as it may, one hesitates to believe that the enormities to which the writer refers could ever have obtained on an equal scale in the freer atmosphere of England, and where judgments given in a Consistory Court were subject to revision or disallowance on appeal to a bishop in person. As a matter of fact the bishop who appointed could also dismiss his Official, unless the Cathedral Chapter had confirmed the appointment, when it became a benefice and thereby tenable for life.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing a Vacancy and Appointing a New Priest
    Managing a Vacancy and Appointing a New Priest A guide for Churchwardens and PCC Members Prayer for a vacancy This is a prayer that may be used in the parish during the vacancy. Alternatively you may wish to write a prayer specific for your context that may be used in be used in worship and in meetings during the vacancy. God our Father You have welcomed each one of us in Jesus and called us to be His Body in this place; Send us your Holy Spirit, at this time of uncertainty and change, to fill us with vision, energy, and faithfulness in prayer, that we may be true to our calling to bring new life to our community; And guide with your heavenly wisdom those who are to choose a new Incumbent for this parish, that the one who we receive may be a wise and gentle shepherd of your people: ready to serve us with joy, to build us up in faith, and to lead us by example in loving obedience to your son, our Saviour, Jesus Christ. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 Practicalities during a vacancy ................................................................................................... 4 The appointment process .......................................................................................................... 5 Preparation notes for licensings ................................................................................................ 9 Useful contacts ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Newton St Loe, Bath – Memorial Inscriptions
    Newton St Loe, Bath – Memorial Inscriptions Names Inscriptions Notes 1 Mary Gawen (1740- 1797) of A____________ Joseph Gawen (1704- of _______ 1799) She died ________ Aged __ Likewise the Remains of the above JOSEPH GAWEN who departed this Life Jan. 4th 1799 Aged 74 Large rectangular headstone. The top half is delaminated. 1A Giles Baine (1704-1775) G B 1775 M B 1778 Mary Baine (-1778) J B 1787 John Baine (-1787) Small headstone. 2 Chest tomb. No inscription found. 1 Newton St Loe, Bath – Memorial Inscriptions Names Inscriptions Notes 3 Small headstone. No inscription found. 4 James Smith (1748- The Bodies of 1749) James and William Sones of JAMES and MARY SMITH of Ye Pish William Smith (1749- James Died 26. March 1749. Aged 3M. 1757) Wm died __ Janur 1757. Aged 7Yrs6M. 5 6 2 Newton St Loe, Bath – Memorial Inscriptions Names Inscriptions Notes 7 Martha Deverill (-1768) In Memory of Martha, Wife Daniel Deverill (-1779) of Daniel Deverill who died 6 March 1768. Aged 66. John Deverill Also ye said Daniel Deverill Died 20 Octr 1779 Aged 80. And of John Deverill their Son who died 5 Headstone. 7A Small headstone. No inscription found. 8 Mary Thatcher (1727- Here Lie the Bodys 1728) of Two Daughters and One Son of JAMES and SARAH THATCHER of this Parish Sarah Thatcher (1737- MARY died May 10. 1728. Aged 1Yr2Mo 1738) SARAH March 24, 1738. Aged 17WKS JAMES August 13. 1743. Aged 6Y3M James Thatcher (1737- Also here lieth the Body of ye above 1743) mentioned JAMES THATCHER who Departed this Life the 8th of January Small headstone.
    [Show full text]
  • Bath Administer'd
    BATH ADMINISTER'D Corporation Affairs at the 18th-Century Spa 5 on the right. - View View taken from the west The Stuart Guildhallbuilt the over open Markethouse, with the Georgian extension of 1724 BATH ADMINISTER'D Corporation Affairs at the 18th-Century Spa by Trevor Fawcett RUTON : 2001 The first thirty pages, said my father, turning over the leaves - are a little dry... but I doe believe that there is nothing herein mentioned which may not by chance att one time or another happen to bee needfull to some person or another. How these curiosities would be quite forgott, did not such idle fellowes as I am putt them downe. (Sterne, Tristram Shandy; Gough, The History of Myddle; Aubrey, Brief Lives) First published in the United Kingdom in 2001 by RUTON, 25 Northampton Street, Bath, and produced by R. Milsom & Associates 01454 850033 Copyright © Trevor Fawcett All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright holder. ISBN 0-9526326-2-4 INTRODUCTION 'The Mayor and Corporation of Bath', the Duchess of Somerset told her son in 1743, 'have published an advertisement in the newspapers, with a reward of twenty pounds [over £1000 today] to whoever will discover some idle people who threw dirt and cabbage stalks at the Duchess of Bedford as she was crossing the Abbey Green there.' The authorities could hardly ignore such an affront to the dignity of a valued client and to the city's own reputation for law and order.
    [Show full text]