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Collected Essays and Reviews of Thomas Graves Law LL.D

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Collected Essays and Reviews of Thomas Graves Law LL.D COLLECTED ESSAYS AND REVIEWS COLLECTED ESSAYS AND REVIEWS OF THOMAS GRAVES LAW, LL.D. Edited with a Memoir by P. HUM E BROWN, LL.D. FRASER PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT (SCOTTISH) HI8TORY AND PALAEOGRAPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH EDINBURGH PRINTED BY T. AND A. CONSTABLE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1 9 0 4 CONTENTS PAGE MEMOIR .......... vii 1. THE MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BOOKS IN THE FOUR­ TEENTH CENTURY, OR BOOKSELLERS AND LIBRARIANS ONE HUNDRED YEARS BEFORE PRINTING............................................. 1 2 . BIBLICAL STUDIES IN THE MIDDLE AGES .... 20 3. THE LATIN VULGATE AS THE AUTHENTIC VERSION OF THE C H U R C H .......................................................................................... 53 4 . SOME CURIOUS TRANSLATIONS OF MEDI EVAL LATIN . 98 5. JOHN MAJOR, SCOTTISH SCHOLASTIC, I 47O-I55O . 105 6. SHAM IMPRINTS IN THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH . .138 7 . DEVIL-HUNTING IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND . 155 8. LETTERS AND MEMORIALS OF CARDINAL ALLEN . 176 9. ENGLISH JESUITS AND SCOTTISH INTRIGUES, 1581-82 . 217 10. THE SPANISH BLANKS AND CATHOLIC EARLS, 1592-94 . 2 44 11. JOHN C R A I G ...........................................................................................2 77 12. FATHER WILLIAM CRICHTON, S.J. ..... 305 13. ROBERT BRUCE, CONSPIRATOR AND SPY .... 3 13 14. COLONEL WILLIAM SEMPILL, THE HERO OF LIERRE . 3 20 15. SIR WILLIAM STEWART OF HOUSTON, A CAPTAIN OF THE KING'S GUARD..................................................................................................... 3 2 7 16. THE LEGEND OF ARCHANGEL LESLIE ..... 3 3 2 17. ARCHANGEL LESLIE OF SCOTLAND : A SEQUEL . 365 18. INTERNATIONAL M O R A L I T Y .........................................................3 7 7 APPENDIX----BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 3 93 I N D E X ......................................................................................................3 97 764 F o r their kind permission to reproduce the contents of this volume the publishers have to express their cordial thanks to Sir James H. Gibson Craig, Bart., and to the Editors of the Nineteenth Century, the Contemporary Review, the New Review, the Edinburgh Review, the Scottish Review, the Scotsman. MEMOIR ' Thomas Graves Law was born at Yeovilton, in Somer­ setshire, on December 4, 1836. He came of a stock long distinguished for intellectual vigour. His paternal great­ grandfather was Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle (1703- 1787), a prominent leader of the Latitudinarian party in the Church of England in the eighteenth century. A disciple of Locke, whose works he edited, he was also the patron of Paley, first prebendary and subsequently Archdeacon of Carlisle in Bishop Law’s diocese. Other works by the liberal bishop were an Essay on the Origin of Evil, Inquiries into the Ideas o f Space and Time, Considerations on the State o f the World with regard to the Theory of Religion, and an anonymous pamphlet, entitled Considerations on the Propriety o f requiring Subscription to Articles of Faith—all produc­ tions vigorously advocating liberality of thought equally in politics and religion. The fourth son of the bishop was Edward, first Baron Ellenborough (1750-1818), Lord Chief Justice of England, a member of the Cabinet of * All the Talents,’ and Councillor to the Queen of George hi. during the period of the Regency. As two sons and a son-in-law of the bishop likewise sat on the episcopal bench, and his grandson, Edward Law, first Earl of Ellenborough (1790-1871), was Governor-General of India, Dr. Law thus came of a paternal ancestry equally distinguished in Church and State. In his mother’s family there had been three admirals, one of whom, Thomas, first Baron Graves (1725-1802), grand- viii MEMOIR father of Dr. Law, had won renown under Howe on ‘ the glorious 1st of June ’ 1794. No one was less prone to the ‘ boast of heraldry ’ than Dr. Law, but he had a natural pride in an ancestry which had played such a considerable part in the history of his native country. Thomas Graves was the fourth child and third son of the Honourable William Towry Law, youngest son of the first Lord Ellenborough, and Augusta Champagne Graves, daughter of the first Baron Graves. His father had originally served in the Grenadier Guards, but in 1831 he had taken orders in the Church of England, and at the time of his son’s birth was Rector of Yeovilton and Chancellor of the diocese of Bath and Wells, of which his kinsman Henry Law was bishop. In 1838 he was appointed Vicar of Whitchurch, in Dorsetshire, and two years later to the living of East Brent, in Somerset. On the death of his mother in 1844, Graves, then in his ninth year, was sent to school at Somerton, about seventeen miles from his home, where he had his two elder brothers as companions. The following year his father removed to the living of Harborne, in Staffordshire—the last he was to hold in the Church of England—and Graves was successively sent to St. Edmund’s School, in Birmingham, and (as founder’s kin) to Winchester, then under the charge of Dr. Moberly. In 1851, when he had been four years at Winchester, there happened an event which gave the direction to his whole future career. In that year his father left the Church of England and entered the Church of Rome. In consequence of this step his son felt himself constrained to leave Winchester, and after a year’s attendance at University College, London, where he had De Morgan and Francis Newman among his teachers, he entered the Roman Catholic College at MEMOIR ix Stonyhurst in 1853. For a time he hesitated in his choice of a profession between the Church and the Army, and his father actually obtained for him a cadetship in the military service of the East India Company. After a short time spent at the Company’s Military College at Addiscombe, however, Graves, under the influence of Faber, his father’s intimate friend and counsellor, definitely cast his lot by entering the Brompton Oratory in London, which owed its foundation to Dr. Newman. It was in 1855, at the age of eighteen, that he took this decisive step which was to determine his life for upwards of twenty years. It was out of intense religious conviction that Law had joined the religious community in the Oratory, and till near the close of his residence he discharged his spiritual duties with all the zeal of his early conviction. It was during these years, also, that he acquired those tastes that were to be the pleasure and the stimulus of his later life. A scholar by instinct, he found in the Oratory both the opportunity and the means of pursuing his natural bent. The preparation of a catalogue of its library and the arrangement of a valuable collection of sixteenth century m s s . in the possession of Cardinal Manning, gave him the knowledge of bibliography which he was afterwards to turn to such good account. At first his own studies lay mainly in the province of Biblical criticism, a notable result of which is the Dissertation on the Latin Vulgate, contained in the present volume, which he continued to regard as his most important con­ tribution to scholarship. An accident, however, turned his attention to the special subject which, as the present volume proves, was to be the main and absorbing interest of his life. With a view to the canonisation of Roman X MEMOIR Catholic priests and laymen who had suffered martyrdom from the reign of Henry vm. the Roman authorities appointed a commission which regularly met at the London Oratory. On such a commission Law’s habits of research were invaluable, and his services took definite shape in a Calendar of English Martyrs of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries—the first of the many con­ tributions which, under a different inspiration, he was to make to the same subject. But Law’s researches in Biblical criticism and ecclesi­ astical history led to another and immediate result. As his published writings signally prove, his was eminently a judicial mind, indefatigable in the search of truth, keen to apprehend it, and resolute to follow wherever it might lead. Gradually as he pursued his chosen lines of study, the conviction was forced upon him that the beliefs he had so ardently accepted did not rest on satisfactory evidence. It was with the utmost pain that he found himself driven to a conclusion which involved either a complete breach with his past, or continuance in a posi­ tion which must every day become more intolerable, and his last two years in the Oratory were a period of mental distress proportioned to the sacrifice which sooner or later was now inevitable. In 1878 he took the step which he could no longer conscientiously postpone : he quitted the Oratory and severed his connection with the Church of Rome. Law was now without a profession or an occupation, but he was more fortunate than others who have taken the same step. In Mr. Gladstone he found a powerful friend, who had been greatly impressed by his writings, and who admired his personal character. By a fortunate chance the custodiership of the Signet Library, Edin­ MEMOIR xi burgh, fell vacant the year following his severance from the Church, and he became a candidate for a post for which his experience as librarian of the Oratory had specifically fitted him. On the recommendation of Mr. Gladstone, cordially supported by that of the Rev. Dr. Jessopp, another of his personal friends, he was elected to the post out of a list of thirty-nine candidates. A more congenial position he could not have found, and he could now look forward to a life which promised the fullest gratification of the tastes which had been the determining motives of his career—an enthusiasm for historical re­ search for its own sake, and a desire for the truth within the domain which he had taken for his own.
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