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Taxonogenomics Description of Parabacteroides Timonensis Sp. Nov Taxonogenomics description of Parabacteroides timonensis sp. nov. isolated from a human stool sample Melhem Bilen, Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkou, Saber Khelaifia, Enora Tomei, Frederic Cadoret, Ziad Daoud, Nicholas Armstrong, Fadi Bittar, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Didier Raoult, et al. To cite this version: Melhem Bilen, Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkou, Saber Khelaifia, Enora Tomei, Frederic Cadoret, et al.. Taxonogenomics description of Parabacteroides timonensis sp. nov. isolated from a human stool sample. MicrobiologyOpen, Wiley, 2018, pp.e00702. 10.1002/mbo3.702. hal-02006029 HAL Id: hal-02006029 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02006029 Submitted on 10 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Received: 2 April 2018 | Revised: 29 June 2018 | Accepted: 2 July 2018 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.702 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Taxonog­enomics­description­of­Parabacteroides timonensis­sp.­ nov.­isolated­from­a­human­stool­sample Melhem­Bilen1,4 | Maxime­Descartes­Mbogning­Fonkou1 | Saber­Khelaifia1 | ­ Enora­Tomei1 | Frédéric­Cadoret1 | Ziad­Daoud2 | Nicholas­Armstrong1 | ­ Fadi­Bittar1 | Pierre-Edouard­Fournier1 | Didier­Raoult1,3,5 | Gregory­Dubourg1 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Abstract Marseille, France Intensive efforts have been made to describe the human microbiome and its involve- 2 Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, ment in health and disease. Culturomics has been recently adapted to target formerly SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée- Infection, Marseille, France uncultured bacteria and other unclassified bacterial species. This approach enabled 3Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille us to isolate in the current study a new bacterial species, Parabacteroides timonensis (AP-HM), IHU Méditerranée-Infection, strain Marseille- P3236T, from a stool sample of a healthy 39- year- old pygmy male. Marseille, France 4Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty This strain, is an anaerobic, gram- negative, nonspore- forming motile rod. Its genome of Medicine and Medical sciences, University is made up of 6,483,434 bp with 43.41% G+C content, 5046 protein- encoding genes, of Balamand, Amioun, Lebanon and 84 RNA genes. We herein provide the full description of Parabacteroides timon- 5Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd T Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz ensis strain Marseille- P3236 through the taxonogenomic approach. University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia KEYWORDS Correspondence culturomics, human, microbiome, new species, Parabacteroides timonensis Gregory Dubourg, Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée- Infection, Marseille, France. Email: [email protected] Funding­information This work has benefited from the French State support, managed by the ‘Agence Nationale pour la Recherche’ including the “Programme d’Investissement d’avenir” under the reference Méditerranée Infection 10- IAHU- 03. This work was supported by Région Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur and European funding FEDER PRIMI. 1 | INTRODUCTION Nevertheless, the fact that 1 g of human stool might contain up to 1012 bacteria drives us to pursue our efforts in describing the The gut microbiota is well- known for its microbial diversity and its human gut microbiota for which only around 2,776 species have role in health as well as in diseases. Even though scientific technol- been reported (Bilen et al., 2018; Hugon et al., 2015). Consequently, ogies have been greatly developed over the past years and have our laboratory has developed a new approach called culturomics drastically facilitated the description of the gut microbiota, it still which aims to isolate previously uncultured bacteria using sophisti- remains a challenging task (Turnbaugh et al., 2007) as the massive cated culture methods (Lagier et al., 2012). In doing so, culturomics data generated over the last decade do not yet allow the clear has expanded our capabilities in human gut microbiota description depiction of the gut microbiota composition (Lagier et al., 2012). and therefore lead to the isolation of a significant number of new This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. MicrobiologyOpen. 2019;8:e702. www.MicrobiologyOpen.com | 1 of 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.702 2 of 11 | BILEN ET AL. genera and species (Lagier et al., 2016). The process begins with the 2.2 | Strain­isolation cultivation of stool samples under varying conditions and bacte- rial growth is assessed over 30 days. At this point, Matrix- assisted A loop of stool sample was diluted in phosphate- buffered saline (Life laser desorption/ionization time- of- flight mass spectrometry Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) prior to incubation in a blood culture (MALDI- TOF MS) is primarily used for colony identification and 16S bottle (BD BACTEC®, Plus Anaerobic/F Media, Le Pont de Claix, France), rRNA sequencing is adapted in case of MALDI- TOF MS’s identifi- supplemented with 5% sheep blood and 5% filtered rumen, at 37°C cation failure. Subsequently, unidentified species are subjected to under anaerobic conditions. Bacterial growth and isolation was done taxonog enomics description (Fournier & Drancourt, 2015). The ge- by subculturing samples after 5 days on 5% sheep’s blood–enriched nome of the concerned species is then sequenced for a genomic Columbia agar solid medium (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France). description, followed by a phenotypic and biochemical analysis (Fournier & Drancourt, 2015; Fournier, Lagier, Dubourg, & Raoult, 2.3 | Colony­identification 2015; Lagier et al., 2012). By adapting this procedure, we isolated a new species known as Parabacteroides timonensis (P. timonensis), a Isolated bacterial colonies identification trials were done first by member of the Parabacteroides genus known to be gram- negative, using MALDI- TOF MS analysis as previously described (Elsawi et al., obligate anaerobic, nonmotile, rod- shaped, and nonspore- forming 2017). In case of MALDI- TOF MS identification failure, complete (Sakamoto & Benno, 2006). To date, eight Parabacteroides species 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for further analysis with the have been isolated, out of which six were isolated from the human same protocol used in our previous studies (Elsawi et al., 2017). gut (www.bacterio.net). We demonstrate here the description of P. Complete 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence are assembled and ma- timonensis strain Marseille-P3236 T (=Culture Collection University nipulated using CodonCode Aligner software (http://www.co- Gothenburg (CCUG) 71183, =Collection de Souches de l’Unité des doncode.com) and blasted in the online PubMed National Center Rickettsies (CSUR) P3236) using the taxonogenomic approach. for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for phylogenetic analysis. According to Kim, Oh, Park, & Chun (2014), a threshold of 98.65% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was used to classify a 2 | MATERIALS­AND­METHODS new species, whereas a threshold of 95% 16S rRNA gene sequence was used for new genus classification. Generated mass spectrum of the concerned species was added to our custom database and 2.1 | Ethics­and­sample­collection its 16S rRNA gene sequence was submitted to EMBL- EBI database. Before stool sample collection in Congo, the sample’s donor has signed an informed consent. The donor is a healthy 39- year- old 2.4 | Growth­conditions pygmy male and the collected stool samples were stored at −80°C for further analysis. In addition, an approval from the ethic commit- In order to determine the optimal growth environment, strain tee of the Institut Fédératif de Recherche IFR48 (Marseille, France) Marseille- P3236T was cultured using different conditions such carrying the number 09- 022 was obtained before launching the as temperature, pH, atmosphere, and salinity. To begin with, this study. strain was cultured under anaerobic, aerobic, and microaerophilic FIGURE 1 Reference mass spectrum representing Parabacteroides timonensis strain Marseille- P3236T BILEN ET AL. | 3 of 11 bioMérieux) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Not to mention, sporulation ability was tested by culturing this strain after exposing a bacterial suspension to a thermic shock of 80°C for 10 min. Strain Marseille- P3236T morphology was determined as previously described (Elsawi et al., 2017). Additionally, DM1000 photonic microscope (Leica Microsystems, Nanterre, France) was used to observe the motility of strain Marseille- P3236T from a fresh culture with a 100× objective lens. Cellular fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis was performed using around 43 mg of bacterial bio- mass per tube as formerly described (Elsawi et al., 2017). FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic subtree highlighting the position of Parabacteroides timonensis strain Marseille- P3236T relative to other 2.6 | Antibiotic­susceptibility
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