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The Hazards of Urban Life in Late Stalinist Russia: Health, Hygiene, and Living Standards, 1943-1953 Donald Filtzer Index More Information

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The Hazards of Urban Life in Late Stalinist Russia: Health, Hygiene, and Living Standards, 1943-1953 Donald Filtzer Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11373-1 - The Hazards of Urban Life in Late Stalinist Russia: Health, Hygiene, and Living Standards, 1943-1953 Donald Filtzer Index More information Index Aaby, Peter, 278 (n. 33), 279 bathhouses, 131, 331, 339 agriculture, 351–2 (n. 15) as primary method of personal hygiene, air pollution 6, 127 in Chelyabinsk, 41 during World War II, 134–7 alimentarnaya distrofiya, see starvation and frequency of use, 134–6, 137–40, 141–2, malnutrition 143, 144 (n. 31) amenorrhea, 211–12, 223–6 importance of for disease control, 19, 127 Andreev, E. M., 258 (Tab. 5.2), 285 in Arkhangel’sk, 137 anthropometric studies, 183–4 (n. 40), 267–8 in Chelyabinsk, 134, 135, 137, 139 antibiotics, see infant mortality (Tab. 3.1), 143 anti-pollution legislation, 105 in Chkalov, 137 after World War II, 113–24 in Gor’kii, 137, 139 (Tab. 3.1) before World War II, 106–13 in Gor’kii oblast’, 142 Aralovets, N. A., 276 in Ivanovo and Ivanovo oblast’, 134, 137, Austria and Austria-Hungary 138 (Tab. 3.1), 140, 142, 143 infant mortality in, 255, 256 (Tab. 5.1), in Kazan’, 135, 136, 137, 139 (Tab. 3.1) 257, 258 (Tab. 5.2) in Kemerovo oblast’, 139–40 (Tab. 3.1), measles in during World War II, 280 143–4 (n. 36) in Kuibyshev, 135, 137, 139 (Tab. 3.1) in Leningrad, 137 Balakhna cardboard factory, 79, 81, 110 in Magnitogorsk, 135 (Tab. 2.1) in Molotov oblast’, 139 (Tab. 3.1), 144 Balakhna paper combine, 79, 80–1, 105, in Moscow, 134, 137, 138 (Tab. 3.1), 141–2 107, 110 (Tab. 2.1) in Moscow oblast’, 134, 137, 138 banya, see bathhouses (Tab. 3.1), 142 barbers, see hairdressers in nineteenth- and early twentieth- Bashkiriya century Britain, 132–3 diet of workers and peasants in, 189 in nineteenth-century Europe, 8–9 (Tab. 4.4), 190 (Tab. 4.5), 193 in Novosibirsk, 137 (Fig. 4.1f), 197 (Fig. 4.2f), 206 in Saratov, 137 (Tab. 4.7), 209, 227 (Tab. 4.12), in Sverdlovsk, 139 (Tab. 3.1) 228 (Tab. 4.13), 236 (Tab. 4.15), in Sverdlovsk oblast’, 135–6 240, 242 (Tab. 4.16), 248 in Ul’yanovsk, 137 (Tab. 4.19) in Yaroslavl’ and Yaroslavl’ oblast’, 134, infant mortality in, 210, 271 (Tab. 5.5), 136, 138–9 (Tab. 3.1) 275 (Fig. 5.2g), 284 (Tab. 5.7), 289 workers’ grievances over, 143 (Fig. 5.3g), 290, 292 (Tab. 5.8), 304 see also personal hygiene; soap shortage (Tab. 5.10), 328 (Tab. 5.13), 329, Belgium, infant mortality in, 258 (Tab. 5.2) 333 (Fig. 5.8e) Belikov, Peter, 1, 2 see also Ufa Berezniki soda factory, 99 Bater, James, 25–6 (n. 11) Beria, Lavrentii, 123 366 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11373-1 - The Hazards of Urban Life in Late Stalinist Russia: Health, Hygiene, and Living Standards, 1943-1953 Donald Filtzer Index More information Index 367 besprizorniki, 131, 149–50, 159 Chelyabinsk oblast’ beznadzorniki, 131, 149–50 diet of workers in, 189 (Tab. 4.4), 190 Bogoslovskii aluminum factory, 98, 123 (Tab. 4.5), 192 (Fig. 4.1d), 196 Boldyrev, T. E., 103 (n. 76), 118 (Fig. 4.2d), 206 (Tab. 4.7), 227 Boyd Orr, John, 198 (Tab. 4.12), 228 (Tab. 4.13), 236 Bradford (Tab. 4.15), 240, 242 (Tab. 4.16), infant mortality in, 290 248 (Tab. 4.19) sanitary conditions in, 24, 25 infant mortality in, 210, 271 (Tab. 5.5), bread, see diet and nutrition 274 (Fig. 5.2e), 283–4 (Tab. 5.7), Brezhnev, Leonid, 106 288 (Fig. 5.3e), 290, 291–2 British Medical Association, 198 (Tab. 5.8), 301, 302, 303–4 Brožek, Josef, 180 (n. 33) (Tab. 5.10), 307 (Fig. 5.4f), 328 Budapest (Tab. 5.13), 329, 332 (Fig. 5.8d) epidemics in during World War II, mortality in during 1947 famine, 209 280 (n. 36) public laundries in, 148 milk crisis in during World War II, sewage and waste removal in, 46, 52 296 (n. 60) water supplies in, 101–4 Burton, Christopher, 15 (n. 20), 118, 119 worm infestations among children in, 203 Chelyabinsk tractor factory (Kirov Tractor cachexia, see starvation and malnutrition Factory), 40, 41, 57, 201 (n. 59) Calder, Angus, 25 (n. 8) Cherepenina, Nadezhda, 180 capitalism, 7, 343 (n. 1), 344, 345 Chermoz iron and steel factory, 99 and creation of modern slums, xviii, 353 childhood mortality, 178, 276–81 degradation of labor power under, children’s homes, 136, 146, 147, 148, 125, 353 166 (n. 10), 172, 298, 316 economic logic of, 105, 106, 350, 353 China, environmental problems in, xvi, Central Scientific Medical Library, xvii–xviii Moscow, 15 cholera, Hamburg epidemic (1892), 27 Central Statistical Administration, 15, 18 Chu, F. T., 277 household budget surveys, xviii, 15, 169, Chusovoi (Molotov oblast’), water supply 173, 184 in, 100–1 organization and methodology of, Chusovoi iron and steel factory, 99, 100 185–9, 195, 204 Clarkson, Leslie, 128, 234 population estimates, 13, 14, 254 class Chadwick, Edwin, 4 and class conflict under Stalinism, 345–7, Chelyabinsk, 184 351, 353 bathhouses in, 134, 135, 137, 139 and social inequality in USSR, 34, (Tab. 3.1), 143 184 (n. 40), 265–9, 335 diet of workers in, 172–3, 187, 189 cleanup campaigns (in towns and cities), 2, (Tab. 4.4), 190 (Tab. 4.5), 192 19, 29, 48, 49, 61–3, 319 (Fig. 4.1d), 196 (Fig. 4.2d), 206 coal mining, living conditions in, 43, 50, 71, (Tab. 4.7), 209, 227 (Tab. 4.12), 228 74, 101, 104, 144, 160 (Tab. 4.13), 236 (Tab. 4.15), 240, coliform index (measure of bacterial 242 (Tab. 4.16), 248 (Tab. 4.19) pollution of water), 75 (n. 20) housing and infrastructure in, 40–2 collective farms (kolkhozy), see peasants and infant mortality in, 210, 271 (Tab. 5.5), peasantry 274 (Fig. 5.2e), 284 (Tab. 5.7), 288 collectivization, 167, 257, 339 (Fig. 5.3e), 290, 292 (Tab. 5.8), 304 coronary artery disease, 180, 183, 218 (Tab. 5.10), 307 (Fig. 5.4f), 328 Crawford, Margaret, 128, 234 (Tab. 5.13), 332 (Fig. 5.8d) Crawford, William, 198 mortality in during World War II, 174 Czechoslovakia, infant mortality in, (Tab. 4.2), 180 256 (Tab. 5.1), 258 (Tab. 5.2) public laundries in, 147 sewage and waste removal in, 57 Darskii, L. E., 258 (Tab. 5.2), 285 water supply in, 93–4 Davis, Mike, xviii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11373-1 - The Hazards of Urban Life in Late Stalinist Russia: Health, Hygiene, and Living Standards, 1943-1953 Donald Filtzer Index More information 368 Index Degtyarka copper mines, 97, 109 (Tab. 2.1) and use of antibiotics, 308, 320–1 Denmark, infant mortality in, 258 anthropometric studies by, 183–4 (n. 40) (Tab. 5.2), 286 familiarity of with Western medical Departments of Workers Supply (ORSy), literature, 336 (n. 106) 136, 137 mobilization of for front in World diet and nutrition War II, 217 adequacy of relative to energy protests by against excessive expenditure, 6, 170, 171, 172–3, secrecy, 18 179–80, 200–9, 244–5, 268 training and diagnostic abilities of, 2, 16, after 1947 food crisis, 226–44, 340 180, 182, 185, 217, 281, 308, 314, and differential access to milk among 315, 317, 324, 326, 342 peasants and workers, 235–8, working conditions of, 278 239–40, 242 (Tab. 4.17), 244, 340 domestic labor, see women and productivity of labor power, 244–5 Dunham, Vera, 266 (n. 15) and sugar consumption, 230–4 (Tab. 4.14 Duskin, J. Eric, 266 (n. 15) and Fig. 4.4), 238–9 (n. 119), 243 Dutch “Hunger Winter”, see diet and during 1947 food crisis, 20, 164–6, nutrition, in Netherlands 185–209, 239–40, 340 dysentery, 59, 60, 153 during postwar period (general), 20, and use of bacteriophage to treat, 332–3 168–9, 189 (Tab. 4.4), 190 (n. 101) (Tab. 4.5), 206 (Tab. 4.7), 227 from contaminated water supplies, 86–7 (Tab. 4.12), 228 (Tab. 4.13), 236 (n. 46), 95, 104 (Tab. 4.15), 240–1, 242 (Tab. 4.17), in Moscow, 33–4 247, 248 (Tab. 4.19) infant mortality from, 33, 217, 293, 294 during prewar period, 167–8, 199 (Tab. 5.9), 308, 312–16, 323 during World War II, 166, 168, 169–73, misdiagnosis of, 2, 33 (n. 27) 267–8, 340 see also gastrointestinal infections; infant impact of on fertility, 223–6 mortality importance of fats for, 171 Dzerzhinsk importance of potatoes for, 163, 170, heights of school children in, 267 226–35, 243, 340 water supply in, 78 in China 1959–1963, 199, 200 (Tab. 4.6) in Germany during World War I, Egor’evsk melange yarn combine, 76 200 (Tab. 4.6), 235 Elektroapparat electrical engineering in Netherlands during Dutch “Hunger factory, Sverdlovsk, 215 Winter” (1944–1945), 198–9, 200 Ellman, Michael, 164, 210–11, 212 (Tab. 4.6), 223, 224, 276 Engels, Friedrich, 4 in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England and Wales, see Great Britain Britain, 197–8, 200 (Tab. 4.6) epidemics in post-famine Ireland, 197, 200 absence of despite poor sanitary (Tab. 4.6) conditions, 104, 162 see also famines; milk; mortality; starvation and anti-epidemic measures, 10, 15, 63, and malnutrition; individual cities and 127, 131, 132, 136, 137, 318 oblasti against measles, 278–81 diphtheria, 129, 153, 260, 277, 293, 294 against typhus, 129–32, 148, 149–56, (Tab.
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