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BRITISH ELECTORAL FACTS 1885-1975 Other Books in This Series Compiled and Edited by F .W .S

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BRITISH ELECTORAL FACTS 1885-1975 Other Books in This Series Compiled and Edited by F .W .S BRITISH ELECTORAL FACTS 1885-1975 Other Books in this Series Compiled and Edited by F .W .S. Craig British Parliamen.tary Election R(I$I.Jits 1832-1885 (in preparation) British Parliamentary Election Resu/U 1885-191B British Parliamentary Election Resu/U 1918-1949 British Parliamentary Election Results 1950-1970 Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972 The Minor Parties at British Parliamentary Elections 1885-1974 The Parliaments of England from 1715-1847 (Second Edition) British General Election Manifestos 1900-1974 (Second Edition) The Most Gracious Speeches to Parliament 1900-1974 BRITISH ELECTORAL FACTS 1885-1975 COMPILED & EDITED BY F.W.S. CRAIG M Copyright © 1968, 1971, 1976 F.W.S. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 1976 reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical. including photo­ copying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. First published in 1968 under the title British Parliamentary Election Statistics Second edition 1971 Third edition under the present title 1976 ISBN 978-0-333-21624-8 ISBN 978-1-349-15699-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15699-3 THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York, Dublin, Melbourne, Johannesburg and Madras Typeset by LITHO SET Chichester For PHYLLIS, SUSAN, CHRISTINE and ANNE CONTENTS Table Page number number xi Preface xii Introductory Notes xiv Abbreviations GENERAL ELECTIONS 1.01 General Election 1885 1.02 2 General Election 1886 1.03 3 General Election 1892 1.04 4 General Election 1895 1.05 5 General Election 1900 1.06 6 General Election 1906 1.07 7 General Election 1910 (January) 1.08 8 General Election 1910 (December) 1.09 9 General Election 1918 1.10 11 General Election 1922 1 .11 13 General Election 1923 1.12 14 General Election 1924 1.13 15 General Election 1929 1.14 16 General Election 1931 1.15 18 General Election 1935 1.16 20 General Election 1945 1.17 22 General Election 1950 1.18 23 General Election 1951 1.19 24 General Election 1955 1.20 25 General Election 1959 1.21 26 General Election 1964 1.22 27 General Election 1966 1.23 28 General Election 1970 1.24 29 General Election 1974 (February) 1.25 30 General Election 1974 (October) 1.26 31 Candidates at General Elections (Summary) 1.27 32 Members Elected at General Elections (Summary) 1.28 33 Votes Cast at General Elections (Summary) 1.29 34 Party Votes as Percentages of Electorate, 1950-1974 1.30 34 Conservative and Labour Votes as Percentages of Two-Party Votes 1950-1974 1.31 34 Conservative, Labour and Liberal Votes as Percentages of Three-Party Votes 1950-1974 1.32 35 Overall Swing to Conservatives at General Elections 1.33 36 Representation of the Counties 1950-1974 1.34 42 Representation of the Major Towns 1950-1974 BY-ELECTIONS 2.01 44 Contested By-Elections 1885-1945 2.02 52 Contested By-Elections 1945-1975 2.03 65 Uncontested By-Elections 2.04 70 Contested and Uncontested By-Elections (Summary) 2.05 71 Reasons for By-Elections 2.06 72 Candidates at By-Elections 2.07 72 Average Swing at By-Elections 1945-1974 COST OF ELECTIONS 3.01 73 Candidates' Expenses 3.02 74 Returning Officers' Expenses vii Table Page number number ELECTORATE AND TURNOUT 4.01 75 Electorate and Turnout 4.02 78 Business Electorate 4.03 78 Male and Female Electorate FORFEITED DEPOSITS 5.01 79 Forfeited Deposits - General Elections 5.02 79 Forfeited Deposits - By-Elections GAINS AND LOSSES 6.01 80 Seats Which Changed Hands at General Elections 1950·1974 6.02 81 Seats Which Changed Hands at By-Elections 1950·1974 6.03 82 Gains and Losses at General Elections 6.04 83 Gains and Losses at By-Elections THE PARTIES 7.01 84 The Conservative Vote 7.02 84 The Labour Vote 7.03 85 Sponsorship of Labour Candidates 7.04 86 Sponsorship of Labour Members 7.05 87 The Liberal Vote 7.06 87 The National Liberal Vote 7.07 88 The Communist Vote 7.08 89 The Plaid Cymru Vote 7.09 89 The Scottish National Party Vote 7.10 90 The Nationalist and Republican Vote in Northern Ireland 7.11 90 Liberals and Nationalists in Second Place 1950-1974 POSTAL VOTING 8.o1 91 Postal Ballot Papers 8.02 92 Postal Ballot Papers (Summary) PUBLIC OPINION POLLS 9.01 93 Public Opinion Polls - Voting Forecast 9.02 95 Public Opinion Polls -Winning Party and Lead Forecast 9.03 95 Public Opinion Polls - Overall Record WOMEN 10.o1 96 Women Candidates- General Elections 10.02 96 Women Elected- General Elections 10.03 97 Women Candidates- By-Elections 10.04 97 Women Elected - By-Elections MISCELLANEOUS 11.01 98 General Election Time-Table 1885·1910 11.02 98 General Election Time-Table 1918-1974 11.03 99 Seats in the House of Commons 11.04 99 The Overnight Results 11.05 100 Ministers Defeated 1918-1974 11.06 101 Seats Won on a Minority Vote 11.07 102 Types of Contests 11.08 103 Spoilt Ballot Papers 11.09 104 Unopposed Returns (Summary) 11.10 104 Polling Districts and Stations 11.11 105 Constituency Boundary Changes 11.12 105 Illiterate Vote 11.13 106 Election Petitions viii Appendix Page number number APPENDICES 1 108 Representation of Constituencies 1885-1918 2 123 Representation of Constituencies 1918-1949 3 137 Representation of Constituencies 1950-1974 4 152 Representation of Constituencies 1974-1975 5 159 Records and Precedents 6 163 Women Members of Parliament 7 164 Reasons for Holding General Elections 8 165 Seats Vacant at Dissolutions 9 166 The First Result 10 166 The Weather on Polling Day 1945-1974 11 167 The Electoral Register 12 169 Electorate Calculator 13 170 Referendum on United Kingdom Membership of the European Economic Community- June 5, 1975 14 173 Principal Changes in the Electoral System 1832-1975 175 Select Bibliography 179 Index ix PREFACE Since this book first appeared in 1968 under the title British Parliamentary Election Statistics it has undergone a number of important changes in design and content. The second edition, published in 1971, incorporated a new typographical layout which improved readability and this edition, re-titled British Electoral Facts, extends the period covered back to 1885 (previously it was 1918) and includes a number of new tables. The book still maintains the original aim of providing an accurate and definitive reference source to British parliamentary election statistics and makes no claim to be a study of voting behaviour. It does however bring together all the basic facts and figures ever likely to be required by the psephologist, journalist or politician. I could not have compiled this book without the co-operation of numerous individuals, government departments, political parties, libraries, etc. and I would like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have contributed in one way or another to my research work. A new feature of this edition is an index and I am grateful to Jennifer Tanfield for suggesting that an index would be useful and undertaking the work involved. Although the very greatest care has been taken to ensure accuracy, it would be unrealistic to expect that no errors, arithmetical or typographical, have slipped through and I hope that readers will let me know of any they may detect. I shall always be delighted to receive constructive criticisms and suggestions which will improve future editions of this reference book. F.W.S. CRAIG Parliamentary Research Services 18 Lincoln Green Chichester West Sussex June 1976 xi INTRODUCTORY NOTES COALITION CANDIDATES 1918-1922 In the majority The estimated electorate at October 10 would be: c;;f tables, official Coalition candidates are not distinguished 64,162 + 490 64,652 from other candidates of the same party. The only ex­ = ception is in respect of the five Coalition Labour candidates The figures for electorate given in this book for the two at the General Election of 1918 who could not be classed General Elections of 1974 and all subsequent by-elections with other Labour candidates as they were not endorsed by have been calcuated using the above formula. the Labour Party. The Coalition prefix has only been used for official candidates of the Coalition, i.e. those who GAINS AND LOSSES When compiling the tables of received the 'coupon', a Jetter signed by Lloyd George and gains and losses, a gain or Joss has been recorded on the Bonar Law which was sent to approved nominees. basis of the incumbent's party allegiance at the time of the Dissolution or by-election. This means that where an CO-OPERATIVE PARTY From the General Election of M.P. changed from one party to another or became an 1922, all Co-operative Party candidates have been endorsed Independent during a Parliament and did not resign im­ by the Labour Party and sought election as 'Labour and mediately, his seat was from then on considered to be Co-operative'. No distinction is made in the tables between held by his new party. A detailed Jist of changes of party these joint candidates and other Labour candidates. allegiance since 1900 will be found in British Political Facts, 4th edition, by David Butler and Anne Sloman, ELECTORATE As a result of the Representation of the pp. 190-194. People Act, 1969, the franchise was extended to persons reaching 18 years of age by polling day in a parliamentary INDEPENDENT LABOUR PARTY From 1900 until or local government election.
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