DOCSLIB.ORG

Next Steps in Human Exploration to Mars and Beyond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

NEXT STEPS IN HUMAN EXPLORATION TO MARS AND BEYOND HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013 Serial No. 113–30 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 81–194PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair DANA ROHRABACHER, California EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas RALPH M. HALL, Texas ZOE LOFGREN, California F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois Wisconsin DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas ERIC SWALWELL, California PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia DAN MAFFEI, New York STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi ALAN GRAYSON, Florida MO BROOKS, Alabama JOSEPH KENNEDY III, Massachusetts RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SCOTT PETERS, California LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DEREK KILMER, Washington STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas AMI BERA, California BILL POSEY, Florida ELIZABETH ESTY, Connecticut CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming MARC VEASEY, Texas DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona JULIA BROWNLEY, California THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky MARK TAKANO, California KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota ROBIN KELLY, Illinois JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma RANDY WEBER, Texas CHRIS STEWART, Utah VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE HON. STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi, Chair RALPH M. HALL, Texas DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland DANA ROHRABACHER, California SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DAN MAFFEI, New York MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas JOSEPH KENNEDY III, Massachusetts MO BROOKS, Alabama DEREK KILMER, Washington LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana AMI BERA, California STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas MARC VEASEY, Texas BILL POSEY, Florida JULIA BROWNLEY, California DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas CHRIS STEWART, Utah LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas (II) C O N T E N T S Tuesday, May 21, 2013 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Steven M. Palazzo, Chairman, Subcommittee on Space, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................................................................................... 10 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 11 Statement by Representative Donna Edwards, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Space, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 12 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 13 Statement by Representative Lamar S. Smith, Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ..................... 14 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 15 Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Ranking Member, Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .... 15 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 17 Witnesses: Dr. Louis Friedman, Co-Lead, Keck Institute for Space Studies Asteroid Re- trieval Mission Study and Executive Director Emeritus, The Planetary Society Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 18 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 20 Dr. Paul Spudis, Senior Staff Scientist, Lunar and Planetary Institute Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 27 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 29 Dr. Steven M. Squyres, Goldwin Smith Professor of Astronomy, Cornell Uni- versity Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 35 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 37 Mr. Douglas Cooke, Owner, Cooke Concepts and Solutions Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 45 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 47 Discussion ................................................................................................................. Appendix I: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Dr. Louis Friedman, Co-Lead, Keck Institute for Space Studies Asteroid Re- trieval Mission Study and Executive Director Emeritus, The Planetary Society ................................................................................................................... 82 Dr. Paul Spudis, Senior Staff Scientist, Lunar and Planetary Institute ............ 88 Dr. Steven M. Squyres, Goldwin Smith Professor of Astronomy, Cornell Uni- versity ................................................................................................................... 94 Mr. Douglas Cooke, Owner, Cooke Concepts and Solutions ................................ 103 (III) IV Page Appendix II: Additional Material for the Record Report submitted by Dr. Paul Spudis .................................................................... 120 Article submitted by Dr. Paul Spudis .................................................................... 144 Article submitted by Dr. Paul Spudis .................................................................... 156 Article submitted by Dr. Paul Spudis .................................................................... 158 Article submitted by Dr. Paul Spudis .................................................................... 164 NEXT STEPS IN HUMAN EXPLORATION TO MARS AND BEYOND TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, D.C. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2:02 p.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Steven M. Palazzo [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) 2 LAMAR S. SMI1l-!, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Cl1A1RMAN RAI'IKING MEMBER ([onllreS5 of the 'Ilnitn1 ~tate5 iItoUS[ of 'RqJrcsrntatiucs COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY 2321 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BU'LDING WASHINGTON, DC 20515-6301 (202) 225-6371 www.i.de.nce.Il~lJse.gov Subcommittee on Space Next Steps in Human Exploration to Mars and Beyond Tuesday, May 21, 2013 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. 2318 Rayburn House Office Building Dr. Louis Friedman, Co-Lead, Keck Institute for Space Studies Asteroid Retrieval Mission Study and Executive Director Emeritus, The Planetary Society Dr. Paul Spudis, Senior Sta./fScientist at the Lunar and Planetary IllSritute Dr. Steve Squyres, Goldwin Smith Professor ofAstronomy at Cornell University Mr. Doug Cooke, Owner, Cooke Concepts and Solutions 3 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE Next Steps in Human Exploration to Mars and Beyond Tuesday, May 21, 2013 2:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 2318 Rayburn House Office Building The purpose of this hearing is to examine possible options for the next steps in human space flight and how these options move the United States closer to a human mission to Mars and beyond. In particular, the Committee will explore whether the Administration's proposed asteroid rendezvous mission is a better precursor for an eventual manned mission to Mars compared to Apollo-like follow-on missions to return to the Moon. Witnesses • Dr. Louis Friedman, Co-Lead, Keck Institute for Space Studies Asteroid Retrieval Mission Study and Executive Director Emeritus, The Planetary Society • Dr. Paul Spudis, Senior Staff Scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute • Dr. Steve Squyres, Goldwin Smith Professor of Astronomy at Cornell University • Mr. Doug Cooke, Owner, Cooke Concepts and Solutions Overarching Ouestions I. Is the proposed Asteroid Retrieval Mission (ARM), a lunar landing mission, or another mission better as a precursor for an eventual human mission to Mars? 2. What things could we learn and capabilities would we develop from a Moon landing that we could not learn from the proposed Asteroid Retrieval Mission? 3. How do different destinations or missions affect a strategic approach with our potential international partners as well as technical architectures? Background Following the Space Shuttle Columbia accident in February 2003 and the subsequent investigation into its cause, President George W. Bush announced a new "Vision for Space Exploration" on January 14, 2004, to reinvigorate and redirect NASA's human exploration program beyond the International Space Station. The plan focused
Recommended publications
  • The Uncanny in Howard Hawks's the Big Sleep

    The Uncanny in Howard Hawks's the Big Sleep

    The uncanny in Howard Hawks’s The Big Sleep Christophe Gelly To cite this version: Christophe Gelly. The uncanny in Howard Hawks’s The Big Sleep. 2006. halshs-00494257 HAL Id: halshs-00494257 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00494257 Preprint submitted on 22 Jun 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The uncanny in Howard Hawks’s The Big Sleep Christophe GELLY Dealing with The Big Sleep as a work fraught with uncanny representations now seems self-evident, after so many critics—whether in the field of literary or film studies— unsuccessfully strove to recapture the true development of the criminal plot unravelled by Marlowe: one piece still insists on being missing and points to the unsatisfactory closure of the text as well as the movie. It may be the mystery around Owen Taylor’s death, a minor character (but are there really minor characters in the detective genre, before the final solution supposedly sets up the characters’ roles for good?), or the main criminal protagonist in the movie, Eddie Mars, whose guilt is problematic in the plot. In other words, the disturbing, uncanny quality in the novel and the movie stems from this problematic closure and from the mystery on who did what precisely in the story—hence this quality derives from a debunking of the genre as self-contained and purely self-explanatory, an “ideal” of the text by which the text fails to abide.
  • Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis Via Machine Learning

    Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis Via Machine Learning

    Tina Memo No. 2013-008 External, PhD Thesis, University of Manchester Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis via Machine Learning. Paul Tar Last updated 25 / 09 / 2014 Centre for Imaging Sciences, Medical School, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT. Quantitative Planetary Image Analysis via Machine Learning A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2014 Paul D. Tar School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences 2 Contents 1 Introduction 19 1.1 Theriseofimagingfromspace. ...... 19 1.1.1 Historicalimages ............................... 20 1.1.2 Contemporaryimages . 20 1.1.3 Futureimages.................................. 21 1.2 Sciencecase ..................................... .. 22 1.2.1 Lunarscience .................................. 22 1.2.2 Martianscience ................................ 22 1.3 Imageinterpretation ............................. ..... 23 1.3.1 Manualanalysis................................ 24 1.3.2 Automatedanalysis.............................. 24 1.4 Measurements.................................... .. 25 1.4.1 Quantitative measurements and The Scientific Method . .......... 26 1.4.2 Theroleofstatistics . ... 27 1.4.3 Assumptionsandapproximations . .... 29 1.5 Argumentforquantitativeautomation . ........ 30 1.6 Criteriaforaquantitativesystem . ......... 31 1.7 Thesisoutline ................................... ... 32 2 Literature Review 35 2.1 Representations ................................
  • Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J

    Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J

    Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J. Byrne Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon Charles J. Byrne Image Again Middletown, NJ USA Cover illustration: Earth-based photograph of the full Moon from the “Consolidated Lunar Atlas” on the Website of the Lunar and Planetary Institute. British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne, Charles J., 1935– Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon 1. Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite) 2. Moon–Maps 3. Moon–Photographs from space I. Title 523.3 0223 ISBN 1852338865 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne, Charles J., 1935– Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon : with 619 figures / Charles J. Byrne. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85233-886-5 (acid-free paper) 1. Moon–Maps. 2. Moon–Photographs from space. 3. Moon–Remote-sensing images. 4. Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite) I. Title. G1000.3.B9 2005 523.3 022 3–dc22 2004045006 Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISBN 1-85233-886-5 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2005 Springer-Verlag London Limited Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be repro- duced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.
  • General Vertical Files Anderson Reading Room Center for Southwest Research Zimmerman Library

    General Vertical Files Anderson Reading Room Center for Southwest Research Zimmerman Library

    “A” – biographical Abiquiu, NM GUIDE TO THE GENERAL VERTICAL FILES ANDERSON READING ROOM CENTER FOR SOUTHWEST RESEARCH ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY (See UNM Archives Vertical Files http://rmoa.unm.edu/docviewer.php?docId=nmuunmverticalfiles.xml) FOLDER HEADINGS “A” – biographical Alpha folders contain clippings about various misc. individuals, artists, writers, etc, whose names begin with “A.” Alpha folders exist for most letters of the alphabet. Abbey, Edward – author Abeita, Jim – artist – Navajo Abell, Bertha M. – first Anglo born near Albuquerque Abeyta / Abeita – biographical information of people with this surname Abeyta, Tony – painter - Navajo Abiquiu, NM – General – Catholic – Christ in the Desert Monastery – Dam and Reservoir Abo Pass - history. See also Salinas National Monument Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Afghanistan War – NM – See also Iraq War Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Abrams, Jonathan – art collector Abreu, Margaret Silva – author: Hispanic, folklore, foods Abruzzo, Ben – balloonist. See also Ballooning, Albuquerque Balloon Fiesta Acequias – ditches (canoas, ground wáter, surface wáter, puming, water rights (See also Land Grants; Rio Grande Valley; Water; and Santa Fe - Acequia Madre) Acequias – Albuquerque, map 2005-2006 – ditch system in city Acequias – Colorado (San Luis) Ackerman, Mae N. – Masonic leader Acoma Pueblo - Sky City. See also Indian gaming. See also Pueblos – General; and Onate, Juan de Acuff, Mark – newspaper editor – NM Independent and
  • Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp

    Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp

    Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp AIAA Space Mission System 2019-2020 Virginia Tech Aerospace Engineering Faculty Advisor : Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Team Members : Olivia Arthur, Bobby Aselford, Michel Becker, Patrick Crandall, Heidi Engebreth, Maedini Jayaprakash, Logan Lark, Nico Ortiz, Matthew Pieczynski, Brendan Ventura Member AIAA Number Member AIAA Number And Signature And Signature Faculty Advisor 25807 Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Brendan Ventura 1109196 Matthew Pieczynski 936900 Team Lead/Operations Logan Lark 902106 Heidi Engebreth 1109232 Structures & Environment Patrick Crandall 1109193 Olivia Arthur 999589 Power & Thermal Maedini Jayaprakash 1085663 Robert Aselford 1109195 CCDH/Operations Michel Becker 1109194 Nico Ortiz 1109533 Attitude, Trajectory, Orbits and Launch Vehicles Contents 1 Symbols and Acronyms 8 2 Executive Summary 9 3 Preface and Introduction 13 3.1 Project Management . 13 3.2 Problem Definition . 14 3.2.1 Background and Motivation . 14 3.2.2 RFP and Description . 14 3.2.3 Project Scope . 15 3.2.4 Disciplines . 15 3.2.5 Societal Sectors . 15 3.2.6 Assumptions . 16 3.2.7 Relevant Capital and Resources . 16 4 Value System Design 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 4.2 Analytical Hierarchical Process . 17 4.2.1 Longevity . 18 4.2.2 Expandability . 19 4.2.3 Scientific Return . 19 4.2.4 Risk . 20 4.2.5 Cost . 21 5 Initial Concept of Operations 21 5.1 Orbital Analysis . 22 5.2 Launch Vehicles . 22 6 Habitat Location 25 6.1 Introduction . 25 6.2 Region Selection . 25 6.3 Locations of Interest . 26 6.4 Eliminated Locations . 26 6.5 Remaining Locations . 27 6.6 Chosen Location .
  • Tianwen-1: China's Mars Mission

    Tianwen-1: China's Mars Mission

    Tianwen-1: China's Mars Mission drishtiias.com/printpdf/tianwen-1-china-s-mars-mission Why In News China will launch its first Mars Mission - Tianwen-1- in July, 2020. China's previous ‘Yinghuo-1’ Mars mission, which was supported by a Russian spacecraft, had failed after it did not leave the earth's orbit and disintegrated over the Pacific Ocean in 2012. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is also going to launch its own Mars mission in July, the Perseverance which aims to collect Martian samples. Key Points The Tianwen-1 Mission: It will lift off on a Long March 5 rocket, from the Wenchang launch centre. It will carry 13 payloads (seven orbiters and six rovers) that will explore the planet. It is an all-in-one orbiter, lander and rover system. Orbiter: It is a spacecraft designed to orbit a celestial body (astronomical body) without landing on its surface. Lander: It is a strong, lightweight spacecraft structure, consisting of a base and three sides "petals" in the shape of a tetrahedron (pyramid- shaped). It is a protective "shell" that houses the rover and protects it, along with the airbags, from the forces of impact. Rover: It is a planetary surface exploration device designed to move across the solid surface on a planet or other planetary mass celestial bodies. 1/3 Objectives: The mission will be the first to place a ground-penetrating radar on the Martian surface, which will be able to study local geology, as well as rock, ice, and dirt distribution. It will search the martian surface for water, investigate soil characteristics, and study the atmosphere.
  • Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study

    Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study

    Publications 4-2-2012 Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study John Brophy California Institute of Technology Fred Culick California Institute of Technology Louis Friedman The Planetary Society Pedro Llanos Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach, [email protected] et al. Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Part of the Astrodynamics Commons, Space Vehicles Commons, and the The Sun and the Solar System Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Brophy, J., Culick, F., Friedman, L., Llanos, P., & al., e. (2012). Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/893 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study 2 April 2012 Prepared for the: Keck Institute for Space Studies California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California 1 2 Authors and Study Participants NAME Organization E-Mail Signature John Brophy Co-Leader / NASA JPL / Caltech [email protected] Fred Culick Co-Leader / Caltech [email protected] Co -Leader / The Planetary Louis Friedman [email protected] Society Carlton Allen NASA JSC [email protected] David Baughman Naval Postgraduate School [email protected] NASA ARC/Carnegie Mellon Julie Bellerose [email protected] University Bruce Betts The Planetary Society
  • Workshop on Lunar Volcanic Glasses: Scientific and Resource Potential

    Workshop on Lunar Volcanic Glasses: Scientific and Resource Potential

    WORKSHOP ON LUNAR VOLCANIC GLASSES: SCIENTIFIC AND RESOURCE POTENTIAL t)--- LPI Technical Report Number 90~02 .. LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE 3303 NASA ROAD 1 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77058-4399 WORKSHOP ON LUNAR VOLCANIC GLASSES: SCIENTIFIC AND RESOlTRCE POTENTIAL Edited by John W. Delano and Grant H. Heiken Held at Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston, Texas October 10 - 11, 1989 Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute Lunar and Planetary Sample Team Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas 77058-4399 LPI Technical Report Number 90-02 Compiled in 1990 by the LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by Universities Space Research Association under Contract NASW-4066 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this document may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any portion requires the written permission of the authors as well as appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may be cited as: Delano J. W. and Heiken G. H., eds. (1990) Workshop on Lunar Volcanic Glasses: Scientific alld Resource Potelltial. LPI Tech. Rpt. 90-02. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 74 pp. Papers in this report may be cited as: Author A. A. (1990) Title of paper. In Workshop Oil Lunar Volcanic Glasses: Scientific alld Resource Potelltial (J. W. Delano and G. H. Heiken, eds.), pp. xx-yy. LPI Tech. Rpt. 90-02. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This report is distributed by: ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058-4399 Mail order requestors will be ill voiced for the cost ofshippillg and halldling.
  • Appendix 1: Venus Missions

    Appendix 1: Venus Missions

    Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M.
  • Comparison of the Orbital Properties of Jupiter Trojan Asteroids and Trojan Dust Xiaodong Liu and Jürgen Schmidt

    Comparison of the Orbital Properties of Jupiter Trojan Asteroids and Trojan Dust Xiaodong Liu and Jürgen Schmidt

    A&A 614, A97 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832806 Astronomy & © ESO 2018 Astrophysics Comparison of the orbital properties of Jupiter Trojan asteroids and Trojan dust Xiaodong Liu and Jürgen Schmidt Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland e-mail: [email protected] Received 10 February 2018 / Accepted 7 March 2018 ABSTRACT In a previous paper we simulated the orbital evolution of dust particles from the Jupiter Trojan asteroids ejected by the impacts of interplanetary particles, and evaluated their overall configuration in the form of dust arcs. Here we compare the orbital properties of these Trojan dust particles and the Trojan asteroids. Both Trojan asteroids and most of the dust particles are trapped in the Jupiter 1:1 resonance. However, for dust particles, this resonance is modified because of the presence of solar radiation pressure, which reduces the peak value of the semi-major axis distribution. We find also that some particles can be trapped in the Saturn 1:1 resonance and higher order resonances with Jupiter. The distributions of the eccentricity, the longitude of pericenter, and the inclination for Trojans and the dust are compared. For the Trojan asteroids, the peak in the longitude of pericenter distribution is about 60 degrees larger than the longitude of pericenter of Jupiter; in contrast, for Trojan dust this difference is smaller than 60 degrees, and it decreases with decreasing grain size. For the Trojan asteroids and most of the Trojan dust, the Tisserand parameter is distributed in the range of two to three. Key words. meteorites, meteors, meteoroids – planets and satellites: rings – minor planets, asteroids: general – zodiacal dust – celestial mechanics – solar wind 1.
  • THE PLANETARY REPORT DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2016 VOLUME 36, NUMBER 4 Planetary.Org

    THE PLANETARY REPORT DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2016 VOLUME 36, NUMBER 4 Planetary.Org

    THE PLANETARY REPORT DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2016 VOLUME 36, NUMBER 4 planetary.org A PEAK YEAR 2016 YEAR IN PICTURES PRESERVING OUR PAST C ROCKET ROAD TRIP C CALLING CHARTER MEMBERS Calling All Charter Members Envisioning a New Outreach Program A PLANETARY SOCIETY charter member is a I contacted Robin Young, the Society’s person whose membership began in 1980 or donor relations coordinator, and we began TOP LEFT A special evening reception and 1981 and who remains active today. We charter an e-mail dialog that led to a conference call fundraiser opened The members have a long-term perspective about between Robin, Society Chief Development Planetary Society’s The Planetary Society and the importance of Officer Richard Chute, and myself. We brain- 35th Anniversary its ongoing goals and plans, and we can be stormed on potential ways in which charter celebrations on October a power base of talent, ability, and ideas for members, working together under the direc- 23, 2015. At Pasadena’s the Society. However, there has not been a tion and guidance of a Planetary Society staff famed Huntington Library, cofounder format for us to organize and work together member, could make a wide variety of impor- Louis D. Friedman on projects for The Planetary Society. tant contributions. told stories about The At the Society’s 35th Anniversary celebra- The concept is nebulous at this point, but Planetary Society’s tions in Pasadena last year, several of us charter we would like to know whether the general inception and early members got acquainted and our conversa- idea of a task force of charter members days to our charter members, friends, tions almost always led to our remembrances working together on a project appeals to you.
  • CALIFORNIA's NORTH COAST: a Literary Watershed: Charting the Publications of the Region's Small Presses and Regional Authors

    CALIFORNIA's NORTH COAST: a Literary Watershed: Charting the Publications of the Region's Small Presses and Regional Authors

    CALIFORNIA'S NORTH COAST: A Literary Watershed: Charting the Publications of the Region's Small Presses and Regional Authors. A Geographically Arranged Bibliography focused on the Regional Small Presses and Local Authors of the North Coast of California. First Edition, 2010. John Sherlock Rare Books and Special Collections Librarian University of California, Davis. 1 Table of Contents I. NORTH COAST PRESSES. pp. 3 - 90 DEL NORTE COUNTY. CITIES: Crescent City. HUMBOLDT COUNTY. CITIES: Arcata, Bayside, Blue Lake, Carlotta, Cutten, Eureka, Fortuna, Garberville Hoopa, Hydesville, Korbel, McKinleyville, Miranda, Myers Flat., Orick, Petrolia, Redway, Trinidad, Whitethorn. TRINITY COUNTY CITIES: Junction City, Weaverville LAKE COUNTY CITIES: Clearlake, Clearlake Park, Cobb, Kelseyville, Lakeport, Lower Lake, Middleton, Upper Lake, Wilbur Springs MENDOCINO COUNTY CITIES: Albion, Boonville, Calpella, Caspar, Comptche, Covelo, Elk, Fort Bragg, Gualala, Little River, Mendocino, Navarro, Philo, Point Arena, Talmage, Ukiah, Westport, Willits SONOMA COUNTY. CITIES: Bodega Bay, Boyes Hot Springs, Cazadero, Cloverdale, Cotati, Forestville Geyserville, Glen Ellen, Graton, Guerneville, Healdsburg, Kenwood, Korbel, Monte Rio, Penngrove, Petaluma, Rohnert Part, Santa Rosa, Sebastopol, Sonoma Vineburg NAPA COUNTY CITIES: Angwin, Calistoga, Deer Park, Rutherford, St. Helena, Yountville MARIN COUNTY. CITIES: Belvedere, Bolinas, Corte Madera, Fairfax, Greenbrae, Inverness, Kentfield, Larkspur, Marin City, Mill Valley, Novato, Point Reyes, Point Reyes Station, Ross, San Anselmo, San Geronimo, San Quentin, San Rafael, Sausalito, Stinson Beach, Tiburon, Tomales, Woodacre II. NORTH COAST AUTHORS. pp. 91 - 120 -- Alphabetically Arranged 2 I. NORTH COAST PRESSES DEL NORTE COUNTY. CRESCENT CITY. ARTS-IN-CORRECTIONS PROGRAM (Crescent City). The Brief Pelican: Anthology of Prison Writing, 1993. 1992 Pelikanesis: Creative Writing Anthology, 1994. 1994 Virtual Pelican: anthology of writing by inmates from Pelican Bay State Prison.