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Housing, Displacement, and the American Dream

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Housing, Displacement, and the American Dream Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE June 2018 Losing home: Housing, displacement, and the American Dream Jessie Speer Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Speer, Jessie, "Losing home: Housing, displacement, and the American Dream" (2018). Dissertations - ALL. 899. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/899 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT Over the past decade, new oral history archives and self-publishing platforms have led to an explosion in the production of memoirs and oral histories of homelessness. This dissertation frames the growing genre of homeless life narratives as a form of urban theory that has been largely displaced from public memory. Based on close readings of hundreds of memoirs and oral histories of homelessness from cities across the United States, this research highlights the violent geographies of the American dream, in which both political economies of urban housing and heteropatriarchal cultures of domesticity produce racialized and gendered cycles of displacement. Further, it enables a radical reimagining of domestic space as a potential site of collective appropriation and mutual care, in resistance to isolated domestic labor and the pressures of rent. In centering displaced voices and analyzing the connections between economic and intimate politics, this work advances a Marxist-feminist and postcolonial approach to the study of contemporary housing and American life. LOSING HOME: HOUSING, DISPLACEMENT, AND THE AMERICAN DREAM by Jessie L. Speer B.A., University of Arizona, 2004 J.D., New College of California School of Law, 2008 M.A., Syracuse University, 2014 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography Syracuse University June 2018 Copyright © Jessie Speer, 2018 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I owe this dissertation to those who have written about their own experiences of homelessness. It takes guts to write and speak honestly about painful memories. But life stories have the power to move people in unseen and surprising ways. Lee Stringer, your memoir—a work of literature that is politically insightful, subtle, tragic, and unsentimental—sparked the beginning of this project. I would not have written this dissertation if you had not written Grand Central Winter. Lisa Gray-Garcia, your work as an activist and writer is my greatest ongoing inspiration. I can only hope to work alongside the poverty scholars movement in the future, and support its efforts in any way I can. To those I cite throughout this text who self-published their memoirs or shared their stories with oral historians—countless people who I will likely never meet—if you ever read this, just know that your words lifted me off the page and filled me a desire to listen and engage. I also owe this work to the oral historians and archivists who devote themselves to the practice of listening. Margaret Miles made a substantial portion of her as-yet-unarchived collection of oral histories available to me before they became part of the public record, a gift which enabled the writing of this dissertation. She continues to give her tireless energy to elevating the voices of those who are so often unheard. Annette March gave me the most generous gift of her time, her ear, and her compassionate feedback. I have never met anyone during my research who was so intellectually generous, and I cannot wait to dive into the recordings of our conversations from two years ago. To Kati Greaney, Peter Rachleff, Martha Bloomfield, Louise Edwards-Simpson, Brent Adams, Zav Hershfield, and Anne Mavity, thank you all for helping me out in “the field.” To the anonymous women who opened their lives to me during our oral history interviews, you soothed my soul during some really rough times. You are iv the definition of what it means to be good friends, and unassuming, down-to-earth, badass women. To the person I interviewed who read my mind, you deserve only the good things in life from here on out. I hope you found the stone. Despite all my reservations about the ritualized elitism of academia, I lucked out in having a group of mentors who modeled another path. Gladys McCormick, your class on oral history was the hardest and best I ever took in graduate school, and inspired me to embark on this project. I love your model of pedagogy—it is challenging but kind. Jamie Winders, I am blown away by your dedication to your students. When I received your hard copy of my dissertation in the mail, marked up and down with comments and suggestions, I felt that my work mattered because you read it so carefully. Matt Huber and Jackie Orr, thank you for always being kind and supportive, and for challenging me in the best ways. Gretchen Purser, your research is an inspiration and I hope to have the opportunity to work together in some way in the future. To my advisor, Don Mitchell, I thought it would be impossible to find this degree of support and patience in an academic mentor. You are the reason I am a geographer, and you have shown me that it is possible to resist the pressures of the neoliberal university. To the incredible staff at the Department of Geography, thank you for making the office feel like home. To Christina Leigh Dietz, thank you for encouraging me to apply to as many grants as possible, and guiding me through the process. You helped me pay the bills on more than one occasion. To friends in Syracuse, you are by far the greatest factor in having sustained my mental wellbeing throughout the boring, lonely, and exhilarating work of thinking and writing. I want to name everyone but you know who you are. How magic to have had that time together, and hopefully many reunions to come. To the Tucson Aquatic Enthusiast Society, thank you for turning me on to geography. To friends in Bloomington, thanks for showing me that life on the v other side (the professor side) can be a joy and a blessing. I miss our sessions at the Atlas Ballroom (the real Center for Dialectical Thought). To old friends from Tucson and Cali, I miss you guys like crazy. But more than anything else, to Mom and Dad and Carmen and Colenso, I just can’t tell you how lucky I am to have such a creative, loving and wacky family. And to Majed, how lucky I am to have found you! You complement me in all the best ways. I can’t imagine my life without you, Baloo. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 Displacement and the search for place.............................................................................................8 Homes, cities, and the American dream........................................................................................19 Part I: Losing home Chapter I: “They all seem to speak louder than me” ..............................................................30 Displaced voices and the struggle to be heard...............................................................................31 Methods for listening and speaking...............................................................................................49 Chapter II: “Running away from running away” ...................................................................66 Domesticity and the hidden abode of violence..............................................................................69 Homelessness as a cycle of escape................................................................................................82 Chapter III: “Third-world-in-the-first world”.......................................................................104 Race and the geographies of American housing displacement....................................................105 Property, citizenship, and American empire................................................................................122 Part II: Imagining home Chapter IV: “Trash houses and patchwork families” ...........................................................145 Collective families and visions for a new home..........................................................................150 Claiming space through squatting................................................................................................167 Chapter V: “A collection of stories, poetry and theories” ....................................................187 Finding a home in the archive......................................................................................................189 Recentering homelessness through experiential theory...............................................................203 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................221 Moving beyond boundaries..........................................................................................................226 Appendix.....................................................................................................................................235 List of memoirs of homelessness.................................................................................................235 List of archives
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