E A IMA WE A E I S I U E
QUA E Y
P.O. BOX 3650 WASHINGTON, DC 20007 FAI L/WINTER 1989/90 ,„-) VOL. 38 NOS. 3 & 4
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E e a s Wi a CI ES S O ESS S aug e i Sou e A ica nternational trade in ivory was January 17, 1990 iiU lephants were mown down indis- banned by the 103 member nations criminately by the tearing rattle of of the Convention on International Britain, in a shocking reversal of policy, an- automatic fire from AK-47 rifles and ma- Trade in Endangered Species of Wild nounced today that it is filing a reservation chine-guns. They shot everything, bulls, Fauna and Flora (CITES) when the to allow the 85 million pounds worth of cows and calves, showing no mercy in a delegates meeting at Lausanne, Swit- ivory stockpiled in Hong Kong to be sold on campaign of extermination never seen zerland in October voted to upgrade the the world market for the next six months. At before in Africa. African elephant to Appendix I (endan- the CITES meeting, Britain voted for the "The hundreds of thousands of ele- gered) status. ban on ivory trade and even introduced a phants became thousands, the thousands The 76 to 11 vote was a blow to the resolution calling for the immediate im- became hundreds, and the hundreds, tens." ivory dealers whose ingenuity was plementation of the ivory ban because, as That is how a former South African army sorely taxed as they maneuvered to un- the British representative stated: "the crisis officer described his eyewitness experi- load huge stockpiles of poached ivory facing the African elephant means we can- ences fighting alongside the UNITA rebel before January 18, 1990, the date on not wait for 90 days." But now, Prime Min- forces in Angola. which the CITES decision became ef- ister Thatcher has decided that it should For more than a decade, the rebels have fective and after which any attempted wait another six months, thus rewarding helped finance their guerrilla war by mas- ivory sales across national borders Hong Kong ivory syndicates that the ban sacring the once-great elephant popula- became violations of international law. should put out of business. They will now tion of Angola and exporting the ivory Hong Kong, where more than 670 have the opportunity to launder more out through South Africa on trucks and tons of ivory are stockpiled, tried hard poached ivory through Hong Kong. airplanes operated by the South African to get a special extension of time to dis- Six other countries have also filed reser- army. Thousands of rhinos were also pose of it, but the CITES nations re- vations to the 76-11 CITES vote. They are: killed to feed the highly profitable trade fused to grant it. South Africa, China, Zimbabwe, Botswana, in their horns. Burundi, an African nation with no Malawi and Zambia. The revelations of the ruthless poach- elephants but extensive stockpiles of The fight to save the elephants from the ing have rocked South Africa and raised tusks the Burundi dealers smuggled in ivory trade must be redoubled to prevent the embarrassing questions for the govern- from elephants poached in neighboring development of new routes for smuggling ments of South Africa and the United countries, also tried unsuccessfully for ivory. After a short respite in poaching from States, which have backed the UNITA special treatment at the Lausanne meet- October of 1989 to January 18, 1990, ele- rebels in their fight to overturn the com- ing. phants are again in mortal danger. munist-backed government of Angola. The Appendix I listing was bitterly Boycott Ivory! The U.S., through covert aid supplied by contested by southern Afri- the Central Intelligence can countries who argued ve- Agency, has been spending hemently for a "split listing." tens of millions of dollars an- They wanted to continue to nually to prop up the UNITA sell ivory in international regime headed by Jonas commerce, asserting that they Savimbi. knew how to manage their During the late 1970's and elephants and could control until recently, the South Af- poaching and smuggling. rican army had troops Recent revelations (see col- operating throughout Angola. umn 3, this page) show how Col. Jan Breytenbach, who South Africa has secretly exposed his involvement in a decimated Angola' s elephant November 1989 interview population while posing as a with the Johannesburg Sun- continued on page 15 Biggest ivory haul ever in Africa-980 elephant tusks weighing nearly 7 tons. continued on page 14 A O A O Y A IMA S
AMA Turns to Image Makers for Help
he American Medical Association So much for medical research in the animals and needless repetition of (AMA), has engaged public relations laboratory! Getting the show on the road experiments using animals. experts and pollsters to help them with media-trained scientists, preferably "Inform the public about existing regula- fight "antivivisectionists" and improve the lovable types to "compete effectively in the tions concerning animal research." image of medical research and the health contest for public support," is the focus of industry. As a result, in June 1989, an this exercise. f the AMA would put its powerful influ- "Animal Research Action Plan" was issued. ence in the biomedical community be- Just how this expensive promotion will MA's advisors tell their patrons what I hind a few common sense humane poli- strike the public remains to be seen. It's to avoid, too. For example: cies, it could probably succeed with the entertaining to read some of the advice the A "'Scientists vs. Animals'—Animals first recommendation. All of the following AMA has paid for. First among "General win this contest. Animals are perceived as would go a long way to address pressing Suggestions" for the "Public Awareness being cuddly, cute and helpless; scientists public concerns and should be adopted by Campaign" is the following: "Attempt to (as a rule) are not." That's putting it mildly the AMA: `warm up' the image of biomedical research, in view of the fact that when the pollsters ► condemnation of unnecessarily painful not so much to compete with the warmth asked people, "Are animals tortured by procedures; associated with kindness to animals (which scientists?" only 5% replied, "Never," ► condemnation of use of more animals would be impossible), as to provide the whereas 45% said, "Sometimes," and 28% than are strictly necessary; openness that would quell suspicions about thought, "Often." ► thorough checking of the literature to researchers . . ." It's clear, the AMA has a problem. But avoid needless duplication; On the next page, the AMA is told they they seem to want to address it by ► sharing of data by academic, should "Take scientists out of the closet. mainipulating public opinion rather than government and commercial There are many types of people in by making substantive changes. institutions to prevent the same biomedical research. Some may have the The AMA's public relations team experiments and tests from being done potential for being dressed up (figuratively, recommends two key actions: because there is no record available; through media training) and sent on the "Address the public's most pressing ► provision of comfortable quarters for road." concerns of inhumane treatment of lab
Recent Developments in the Fran Trutt Case The American Medical Association "Ani- Hirsch, (a full report appeared in the AWI is way i o u s co i e ce a e e ua y mal Research Action Plan" of June 1989 Qua e y, Vol. 38, No 1). o i e e (a e om wi a i e om states: "The extreme goals and tactics of However, recent developments in the Fran e Quee s ome o Su gica s ea qua e s. the hardcore activists must be exposed Trutt case are disturbing. Here's how e u , a some ime eac e a og o e , was fully for the public to see". This is a A oca e (Norwalk, CT) describes the current o sesse wi Su gica s use o i e ogs i "Prime goal of the AMA action plan . . . situation: emo s a io s o i s me ica s a es. e The activists will not alter their view. They com a y as ee e a ge o a ima ig s are dedicated. The sympathizers, how- osecu o uce u ock s case agai s o es s si ce 8 . ever, are soft and the general public is up a S e a ie u , e wou e a ima Mea isa ea e a e e o . , 88 ig s om e o o wa k s U.S. Su gica om i g i ci e , su aci g o y o gi e for grabs. These people can be scared Co o a io , is i ig ou e. i s e e ske c y e sio s o is ac io s o e Wes o away if they come to see the violent tactics we e e ea e a se sa io a eaks ews. u ow, e A oca e as ea e , of the movement as dangerous and oi i g o Su gica s ow com ici y i Mea is a a e e a iso cam i A e woo , counter-productive. This is an important e om i g i ci e ow e e s e A (au o i ies say e o e se is a o e part of the AMA's strategy." e e a io a wo o e osecu o s io a io , a i g om a 84 mai au The U.S. Surgical/Fran Trutt case ap- o e ia wi esses agai s u a e ee Conviction). Mea is sc e u e o e e ease pears to be an example of lull exposure a es e o e is i e e a iso . i e ua y o . for the public to see" of a "hardcore activ- Ma cus Mea is a 0 yea o o me Mea as a is o y o a es s. e was ake ist". The New York tabloids ran six inch wi ow was e a wou e mo e wi i o cus o y y Wes o o ice a . 2 o headlines such as "Bow Wow Bomber" mo ie i o ooks. W i e a ege y wo ki g assi g a $24 a c eck i Se ., 86. e when Trutt was arrested last year while o a S a o ase com a y ca e a so as se e a o e a c eck a es s. Mea placing a bomb near the parking place of e ce io s I e a io a , o w a e says wou e e ec e o e a ime osecu io U.S. Surgical's chief executive, Leon was U.S. Su gica s ay o , Mea wo ke wi ess agai s u a e s a e ia sc e u e
2 A O A O Y A IMA S
laboratory animals in place of cramped II working for increased appropriations Alt rn t v n metal cages without bedding or any for full administration of the Act; other resting place; ► supporting increased size of cages and Ed t n enclosures for primates and regular ex- ► training of scientists and technicians in Under a grant from the Geraldine R. Dodge ercise for dogs in laboratories under the most humane available procedures Foundation, the Animal Welfare Institute Part 3 of the pending proposed regula- and rejection of such extremely painful has undertaken an educational program on tions for ISLA and urging that these routine tests as (a) the Draize Test, the use of alternatives in education. The regulations be made final without fur- using the eyes of conscious animals; purpose of the program is to promote stud- ther delay; (b) the classic LD50 test in which half ies of living organisms in biology educa- ► supporting inclusion of mice, rats, the animals must die; (c) the unrestricted tion that do not harm or destroy animals. birds, and farm animals by the Secretary use of Freund's Adjuvant; (d) the use As part of this program, Barbara Orlans, of Agriculture, who has the authority of paralyzing drugs on unanesthetized Ph.D., has given a number of talks this year to extend the protection of the Animal animals; (e) the use of painful electric at biology teachers' conventions and on ► Welfare Act to these species when shocks to produce "learned college campuses, thus reaching biology they are used in laboratories; helplessness" in which the dog gives teachers at all levels of education, elemen- supporting the necessary increase in up and suffers the shocks without even tary through college level, in addition to appropriations to pay the salaries of trying to avoid them (there is actually a some students. Dr. Orlans has been a the veterinary inspectors and support book that tells undergraduate students member of AWI's Scientific Committee staff to carry out this additional work. how to do this). for over 25 years, and she holds degrees in f these proposals were put into practice, anatomy and physiology. As for the second recommendation—to they would bring about widespread im- The talks have outlined current prob- inform the public about existing regula- provement in laboratory animal wel- lems in the use of animals in education and tions—the AMA could back this up most fare. The AMA could express honest pride recommended solutions. Today's estimates effectively by: in the good treatment of experimental ani- are that approximately two million ani- ► supporting strict enforcement of mals brought about as a direct result of its mals are used annually for educational regulations of the Improved Standards efforts. Morally correct and pragmatically purposes, many of them frogs and small for Laboratory Animals (ISLA) efficacious, such a program deserves the mammals, and some dogs and cats. A amendments under the federal Animal support of AMA members and policy mak- Welfare Act; ers. Continued on page 16
to begin i a ua y. syc o ogica es s a e aise ye mo e sec e a y o e ce io s I e a io a . I is ew u ic s a eme s, Mea ma e ques io s a ou e case. es ie Ca we , e e e a osecu o c ea is e ie e was wo ki g o U.S. u was se ues ay o e i g o , Ky, i ook y w o oug e om Su gica . " e c ecks came om e ce io s w e e syc o ogis s a e assig e y a ossessio c a ge agai s u , I e a io a , u I was o I was ei g ai e e a cou o e e mi e w e e s e is ecomme e i a Oc . e e a y U.S. Su gica ," e sai . Mea a ee ca a e o "c imi a i e " a com e e U.S. is ic u ge ose Mc aug i i i g a ig i e o e $ 00 a week e was o s a ia . Si ce e a es a yea ago, i ook y " is ega . . . e i e y" a e o e y ei g ai y e ce io s (a , s e as ee e a e ia ic Co ec io a a e o e e y i sc i e e e a i i ec y, y Su gica , s owi g o i e e Ce e o Wome i ieu o a $ 00,000 case. o sc es a A a omeos. o ... " ike a s o s ig ig i m ma e o e o e u case igu e wi ega a e e , w o, as esi e o S a o e e e i o ome eam a s, e a e o ems is a e e , e esi e o e ase e ce io s I e a io a coo i a e co ai s ma y o u s mos me aci g S a o ase e ce io s. Acco i g o 24 ou su ei a ce o u o U.S. a ou ageous ema ks: owe e , i s a e o ice sou ces, e e u e imse i Su gica , ea e o gui y o a e o y omi s e o e a i es goa i g, a oo G i Wes o Oc . 2, a swe i g cou o o e a i g a i a e e ec i e e cou ageme a o e s o mo ey" c a ges o o e a i g a i ega i a e e ec i e age cy wi ou a s a e ice se. u s Ca we w o e. "As a esu , we e ie e age cy. e e i o e u se e a Advocate awye s say e e s age s "e a e " e a e c ea es a mis ea i g im essio e e o e ca s. e ... o u s Co ec icu ac i i ies." In another article entitled "Web of intrigue e c a ge ca ies a ma imum e a y o grows in Norwalk bomb case" (Greenwich o e yea i ai a a $5,000 i e. Aske for comme a e yes e ay s ea i g, e On January 9, 1990 Judge McLaughlin Time, Nov 9, 1989), author Barclay Palmer sim y u e away.. sentenced Fran Trutt to the 14 months she notes that : We a e o comme ," sai Ke e had already spent in jail, ordered that she ece c imi a ac io s agai s e i a e Ama o, e i ge o awye w o serve 3 years of probation and undergo e ec i es i e y U.S. Su gica o s y o e ese e im u i g e ea i g. psychiatric therapy after her trial in Con- u a a e e a o e a u u e go Ama o is is e i s a e eco s as necticut.
3 BOOKS & REPORTS
Housing, Care and o ce o e syc o ogica we e ime ca a e e e e ious e ec s o squi e Psychological Wellbeing of i g o ca i e ima es is o ew e mo keys. iscom o a syc o ogica is o y o suc co ce s ega we s ess may e occasio e y e o owi g Captive and Laboratory Primates e o e ece essu es om a ima we a e sou ces .. . Edited by Evalyn F. Segal ac i is s. I as o g ee ecog i e a "We a e o se e a w e i i i ua y oyes u ica io s ( a k i ge, ew success u ca i e ee i g o ima es cage mo keys a e e ease i o a ge e e sey , 8 . 26 c a e s, 44 ages. equi es equa a e io o ysica a sy c osu es, a i i ia e io o awkwa ac i $64.00. c o ogica ee s .. . i y e sues c a ac e i e y i accu a e ea "Cage u is i gs. e e i o me s we i g om o e s uc u e o a o e a a e e cy o a om e e a e oca io s .. . An announcement of this book, ap- a e esig e o ou ma mose s a ama i s a e qui e a ge, a gi g 2 m o e " osi g as a Sou ce o S ess. I is usua i peared in the last Quarterly (Vol. 38, co o o ama i s (S ow o Sa age & co o y ooms o ose ow o a s u e No. 2, page 14). In this issue, we pro- McCo e 8 u o 20 m o e ygmy e cages e e y ay. Squi e mo keys usu vide quotations to familiarize readers ma mose s . . . e u k o e a c es a a y mo e as ea e o s o ei cages, away with some of the outstanding contribu- o es a e ace a me e o mo e a o e om e wa e , as ey ca . osi g emai s tions it contains from 50 leading pri- g ou e e o simu a e a a o ea e i a e si e e e a e yea s o cagi g a co matologists and other scientists who o me , a a oo a wa e co ai e s i ues o e oke a o usio o ou s ieki g. work with captive primates. All insti- a es o es a e ace ig i e cage. " ai so es a e e ace a e w e mo keys "... I is im o a o e e o ousi g a si o e e e imes o a ow e c es ike tutions housing primates for labora- goes we eyo e mi imum s a a s. A e sma iame e owe s o i es a a e tory studies are urged to purchase this mo e com e e i o me a ows mem commo y use i i i i ua cages. ai comprehensive volume. e s o e g ou o e gage i a wi e a ie y so es ca e esse e y use o wi e mes o socia ac i i ies, a i a ows e e e o a o ms i s ea o a ow i es (C ewe & me a mai e a ce o ocomo o a u a 66 . . . mos s a a a o a o y cages o ay, se so y ski s. us, cagi g o a o ia e "Mos ima o ogis s wou ag ee a e e a ima is o ce o s e mos o e si e a com e i y co i u es o o ysi we a e o mo keys is e e se e y ous ay o a su ace co e e wi u i e a ca a syc o ogica we ei g .. . i g em i a ge g ou s a e a i i i eces. I is u ic ous o ee goo a ou ". . . e e e o me o a se se o co o i ua cages .. . ygie e us ecause e s ee cage ca e o e e e i o me as ee s ow o e "I a ua y 8 we eci e o es a is s e i i e i a cage was e o ce a ay Ye a c i ica com o e o syc o ogica we wo ee e i o me ooms. I i i ua a cu e e s co em ousi g i ou oo ei g. A ima s ca o assi e y ecei e ga g cages we e emo e om wo co e a eas a ge e oug o su o g ass i a o e i o me a e e s ey mus e a e o io a co o y ooms a e mo keys we e o c ea co c e e o s ee ." ac o e e i o me a co seque ces sim y e ease i o e ooms . . . " a ious C au A. am e U i e si y o e as a mus esu om ei ac io s. is is a key c im i g e ices we e i o uce i c u i g Aus i as ec o mos goo e i o me a e ic a 6 . ack o 2 o e ga g cages (a o i me . . . ma e y 8 24 2 i . wi o s emo e • " o ma y o scie is s as we as scie acks wi o cages sma i e ees s e a e s o es a as ic c ai s. ee ou ousi g a o a o y ima es is s, esea c is sy o ymous wi i asi e omises o im o e, o eo a i e, ess: goo esea c is oug o equi e a c es we e a so is e se oug e e qua i y o iome ica esea c i iso a i g a ima s om o e a o e a ooms. ese o i e e mo keys wi a a ie y o su aces a a eas o e e cise, ma y im o a ways. a i g a y so o e ic me as a io a io "Ou oo ousi g o socia g ou s o uces o s ic e e ime a co o . I is oug es ecia y ea i g, as we as i a e a secu e es i g a eas . . . o sig i ica cos s emo s a y ea ie , ess e e si e, a a a ima s mus e o e a a e , we e i cu e i co e i g om o e co muc ess i iosy c a ic su ec s . . . ma y oo sam es aw a su ge y e o me me o s o g use i og essi e ima e e o e esea c esu s ca e co si e e e io a cagi g o e ee e i o me a o a o ies e uce s a a i icu ies wi sig i ica . W i e a icu a esea c o ooms." ames E. Ki g a icky . o woo ysio ogica esea c — i icu ies a ems may equi e a a ima s e iso a e , U i e si y o A i o a, ucso ea e a ima ea , ec icia sa e y, a oo aw o su ge y e o me , we sug a a a i i y. ima e su ec s, o e am e, ges a esea c e s i k mo e c ea i e y • ca y ica y e ai e o ese a o i a ou ossi e a e a i e ways o ga e e same o simi a a a wi ou usi g i asi e a e o y a s o agi a swa i g, ec a n ec iques o iso a io o ca i e ima es." 4 I a i io eac cage was i e wi a e ams, a e e oo aws." 1 C a es . S ow o a a e e a gi g om e squee e a e Mic ae E. e ei a, ose M. Mace o ia, A e Sa age, U i e si y o gui e a s so a e a e e cou s i e o wa as e squee e a e was mo e o a i M. a i g, a E wy a e e Wisco si , Ma iso Simo s, Ce e o e S u y o ima e e o o e cage. e a e e o e e io ogy a is o y, uke U i e si y, mos o u a a o e cage a o i e a u am, C • i a sou ce o e i o me a s imu a io o e a a ci g a ki aes e ic sys ems a e e ie e a a e e ce o e s a wou e i ua y acki g i e o e wise a us a y gui e i es o i i s a ic e i o me .. . i ua cagi g o e o g e io s o " e e o e, assageways ( 0 cm ig 2
4 BOOKS & REPORTS
cm wi e 28 cm ee ma e o 2. . cm ee i g o u a io s, o i i g a i e y a aye ess is u e e a io w e i a wi e mes we e i e o e e gui o i e asci a i g eac i g a esea c esou ce . cage, e a s o su isi g i ig o e i oo s o a u e a owe cage so as o ."...E e ime a su ec s a e e o o ge e ce o e osi i e e ec s o wi ows o co ec em ... is ga e a mo e s uc u e co e um e s u a e ame i i i ua s, uma ea a moo ... e ica e i o me wi se a a e isua k ow a ca e o as i a s, wi a is o y " e cos s o ousi g ca i e ima es i a eas so a mo keys cou ge a ea c a ge a e so a i y a o e wi s eci ic i e g ou s (cagi g, e so e , a mai e a ce o ace a cou ge ac io a e s wi e a e co si e a y ess a e cos s o kee ou o sig o a i i i ua uma ca e i g a ima s i i i i ua cages i co o y icu a cage ma es. gi e a e e ime e . ooms ( a e ee & Woo wa , 0 Wi co ec io o "In most standard e e ca e o g ea e o ma a S owe , . (W e e a i a ace cages e mo e a i g i ue ce o ma s a e a ea y ouse i i i ua y, e e e ica assageways laboratory cages today, e use o o uma i a e, o cou se, o e ime cos s i o e i a owe o ei e the animal is forced to ma es o scie i ic e s i i g o g ou ousi g. .. . wo o ou cage spend most of the day on sea c ." "A oug easi g a a assi g o cage u i s a cou o a surface covered with Eric Salzen, University ima es y uma s em oye o ca e o g ou s o o mo e of Aberdeen, Scotland em is o a o u a o ic o iscussio a 6 o 2 squi e urine and feces. It is amo g em a asse o essio a s, i is a mo keys, es ec ludicrous to feel good o em a ca a ise a a mus e ac i e y. about hygiene just k ow e ge a ea wi om y." " o ma y e u ee eca es o e Peggy O'Neill National Institute of Child because the steel cage can Health and Iluman Development, e cages we e e be sterilized in a cage sea c i o i g e e e o es a i " e ia , es ic io , Dickerson, MD e ee i g u i s i washer once a day! " a se ec i e i e e e ce quick y ecame c ea wi s ecies y ica ea • Claud A. Bramblett, a e ema es oc i g i macaques a e cu ie e u e University of Texas at Austin emo s a e a e e commo o em is a cage a is s ace a e ma es s ic i g socia o se so y oo sma . e e is e i e ce a sma e owe s ace, a e e ie ce u i g ea y cages a e s ess u e oug o i i i a e a e ec s e a iou i e a u a e e o me o uces a o ma i ies i mo o e e a mos o us measu e o ge e a e i o me ( uMo , 68 .. . ac i i y, ... e o a io , es o se o com e we ei g, e o uc io ( oo i e, Wi so "E e cise e s. o ese o ems we e s imu i, emo io a i y .. . & Geiski g 6 S ow o Sa age & a e ia e , oug o so e , y e o i "Si e o cage may co i u e o e occu McCo e 84 . sio o a ge e e cise e s i w ic eac e ce o suc is u a ces. I esus, sma e "Sma cages, oo cage esig , a im cage g ou cou s e a 24 . e io o ce cages e ge e mo e s e eo y ic aci g a o e is e u is i g com i e o imi e a week w i e ei cages ecei e a o oug a ge cages ( au k, ie ske, & i e s, a ge o e a io s ow y a a ima . e c ea i g .. . . ig ai macaque mo e s aisi g ei mos o ious o ese, a e a s e mos ".. . i s ou e o e a some a o ma i a s i sma e cages u is em mo e im o a , is e o o u i y o mo e a ou s e eo y e e a iou (c . E wi & e i, a mo e s aisi g i a s i a ge , g ou a o age. ima es s e a a e age o a ea e i e cage mo keys soo cages (Cas e & Wi so , . Cage si e is o e 0 o ei ay sea c i g o a a e a i a i e a o a o y. I ge e a is o y o e ac o co i u i g o a e a ocessi g oo . I cages is is ama ica y co sis e o aci g a e s a o g a e es e a io ack o ai y s imu a io is a e uce ... o o e cage oo o i ci cu a ou es om o e . Ma y a o ma is ays may e e " ese s u ies c ea y s owe e ig oo o a e e a ack. e ci cui y e o se a cage a ima s a em s o e ie e cos e ec i e ess o e oo co e i g i ocomo o y s e eo y y may i o e a com o e om a se so y e i a io a o e e im o i g e a io . e esi e goa was e e o y some sau o a ea oss (c . a eg ee o co o o e i s e i o me .. . ac ie e i e i i ia s u ies o s um ai e o , a ma Wies e , K mo g a , & "Socia ac i i ies ou a ke a o e a ai macaques (Macaca a c oi es se agg es Maye , 4 e ese i g a i e io a e a e a i es o a o esce s i is s u y, sio (A e so & C amo e 8 was e mo eme o a some sau . . . e i ua a 0 o ei i e ac io s wi oys a uce y mo e a a a agg essio was a se ce o s e eo y e mo eme s w e o e a a a us occu e i a socia co e e uce y a ac o o wo i a u s, a e ese same g ou s we e i e e e cise e s i o i g ay o o imi y o o e g ou i u e i es .. . sugges s a e c osu es o g ea e si e a mem e s... " e cos o is oce u e was assesse i com e i y wou e e is e a iou . . "A a ece mee i g o e Ame ica se e a ways. Woo c i s e uce e ime " owe e , o a e a iou a y ea y a Associa io o a o a o y A ima Scie ce, equi e o c ea i g eac e c osu e om e ce a y e is e ce e squi e mo key Ke e y e, a e e i a ia a o esso a i e ou s e week o wo ou s . . . e ea y equi es mo e s ace a e e ou e S a e U i e si y o ew Yo k a e i, esu s c ea y s owe a e o ge e qua u e cage sys em o i e . . . Gi e esc i e e ac ice o o a i g e si g y i e was i use, e g ea e was i s ac e i ese co i io s, i s ou e ossi e o cage a ima s i is co o y ooms o a ious ci a ac i i y (a so um u & S oye os a o a o ies usi g squi e mo keys o o osi io s a o g e cage acks so a eac . a e o e y o a co s a su y o wi mo key i u a a o o u i y o esi e Arnold S. Chamove, Stirling University, caug mo keys a us ea e a u a i e cage wi a iew e o e o y Scotland ,and James R. Anderson o u a io s, u i s ea o a e ei ow wi ow. is s a o e a mo keys is Universite Louis Pasteur , France Va- BOOKS & REPOR TS
i o e oom, e wo macaques i e e e cise cages imme ia e y s o w a ey a e oi g o o se e o c a e ge e e so , u e kso Maso & Sa o ( 6 e 14 t is c ea y ossi e o i me o s y ey a e o usua y oca . A e a ew e ime e wi a ie e c osu es w ic e i o me a e ic me ca mi u es ey ei e c im e cage wa ea e com i e wi esea c o oco o a measu e e a e o s e eo y es e isi o o ge a e e ook, o esume ies usi g a e o a Me e s ( 6 e a ce o . . . is may e uce o e imi ay wi e oys, o g oom emse es. e a e e ee o coe ce e a ima s a ici e i e c im a ees. e e kso s u y o e a ima s i e oom a e u usua y quie ega a e e c im a ees a ee i i g a io i esea c ac i i ies .. . a o se e e e e cise cages, e occu " e mo keys o i e s a a a o a o y e i o me a a s, a e isi Ye kes o a o ima e y ee yea s. S e e o ge co s a y u e o s. some sau s o a ge o y y a es we e ig es (s e eo y ies ook "Ou ou e e cise u 8 o e ime w e e c im a ees ei cages w e e e "Each monkey in turn had cages a e occu ie esea c e so e e we e ace i a woo e iso a io cu ic e an opportunity to reside in 24 ou s a ay, wi 8 " " 8" w e e, i a i io o ei g e e e oom. E ces o e a ima e cage, si e oca i i g a the 'cage with a view' next to iso a e , ey cou o see ou . W e ey i s i s: AM, we e ace i a ou oo a e cage 6 " g imaci g we e g ea y the only window. His staff AM M, a e uce , as was se noted that monkeys 2" 8 ", s i iso a e u ow a e o see M AM. We a e ou , s e eo y ies occu ie a sma e 2 o a use. displayed less disturbed ca e u o sc e u e "... We a su e om e ime. e owes s e eo y y a e, , behavior when in that cage, equa e e cise o occu e w e e c im a ees we e ace a e e cy o um a o u i ies o a a ima s o a s ecies o perhaps not surprising in wi o e c im a ees i a ou oo e c o mo keys oug ou su e measu i g . ." ge e (u ess ey a e light of evidence for the e week... uma s ye a yo e positive effects of windows Roger S. Fouts, Mary Lee Abshire, "Gui e y ou Mark Bodamer, and Deborah H. Fouts w o as wo ke c ose y on human health and USC e e ie ce, a wi a com e s ecies Central Washington University, mood." e gui e i es a Ellensburg is acu e y awa e o i i a e ei g w i e y i ua i e e ces a Peggy O'Neill, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development e US A A IS e so a i y qui ks." commi ees w o a e Hal Markowitz, San s u yi g e syc o Francisco State ogica e a ceme Importation of Birds into the University, Scott Line, o e e i o me United States in 1985, With University of California, Davis o o uma ima es, we o e o es a is Discussion of Recent Developments and a o ima og am w e e ew US A Research in the Cage Bird Trade u es a e omu ga e ." William M. Blackmore by Greta Nilsson (Animal Welfare e cise. A o e i ci e we e e University of Southern California Institute, Washington, DC), 1989, 230 o e i ca i g o ou mo keys was Los Angeles pages, including Appendix. 4 a ey, ike us, ee am e i i g Price: $5.00. s ace a e e cise .. . "A ima ec icia s e o ouse a ima s As the trade in exotic wild caught birds si g y i a o a o ies o easo s o isease grinds on, a huge death rate occurs in many co o a ease o es ai . owe e , i shipments. Examination of government a ima s a e ai e o e e a ca yi g cage records shows this to be frequently due to o u a i y, ei e o e o a ai ca e a e . i o me a e ic me ca e a ma o ac o i im o i g e a o a the trade's miserly overcrowding which A so, i a co o y is o ec e om i ec ious every dealer knows spells suffering and iseases, e a ge o a mo key s a smi o y mo key s syc o ogica we i g i ec io o a cagema e is mi imi e , ei g. E ic me is a o ia e o o y danger for birds. a e a ima s gai om socia i e ac om e e s ec i e o uma e ea me Greta Nilsson lists high mortality io ." u a so om a scie i ic e s ec i e. o g shipments in the newly published Cynthia L. Bennett, Santa Barbara e m s u ies i e a io a o ico ogy e Importation of Birds into the United States Zoological Park, CA qui e s ecia ma ageme o e su e goo in 1985. She gives the probable cause of Roger T. Davis, Washington State scie i ic mo e s . . high mortality shipments, as follows: University, Pullman "A o a e swimmi g oo i e ay In a table showing shipments in which oom. A e ig as oo o w ee s is use i e ay ooms . . . e oo as ee a 40% or more of the birds died, almost unbe- eme ous success wi e you ge mo lievable numbers of birds were stuffed into the crates: 62 crates from Senegal con- ,, om e e y egi i g o e i s a a keys, w o a a easi y o wa e a a e io o is ew se o e e cise cages, i s i c i e y goo swimme s." tained 170 birds per crate—finches and i ecem e , 86, oise om ou Steven G. Gilbert and Ellen Wrenshall parakeets. The dealer receiving the ship- i g o e ome cages a sc eec i g as Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, ment was Furser. In a shipment of 75 crates ee o icea y e uce . W e a yo e wa ks Ontario from Tanzania, 135 birds per crate were
6 OOKS & E O S
sent to a dealer named Mahol. A schematic crowded conditions. Tanzania, Brunei, representation of Table 4 is shown here. Peru and Uruguay also shipped birds that The following pages list high mortality suffered high mortality. Only one ship- shipments by species. Nilsson writes: ment of the twelve had relatively few birds
. delicate and disease-prone species for the number of crates. Most high mortal- died in nearly every shipment in high num- ity shipments had at least 80 birds per crate, bers. Blue-fronted with a high of 175 birds in a ship- Amazons, for ex- ment from Senegal in 1986. As ample, had high isease o e a U k ow noted previously, the regu- mortality in e ica e s ecies ( ,0 lations placed into force 20 ( ,620 eleven separate by the Fish and Wildlife shipments, and Service in late 1988 as Gray Parrots in O e c ow i g a result of a court deci- ( ,602 12. Humming- ewcas e sion, resulted in far birds, tanagers, isease fewer high mortality 26 , ( , 6 shipments during the sunbirds, owls, E A ICA E E 0 , bee-eaters al- year. The regulations , o y O e Ammui emi o e i 00 , most invariably had been scheduled to die in large num- o a e Causes o ig Mo a i y S i me s be placed into force in O A : 8,2 A System of Extinction, The bers, and their impor- February of 1988, and African Elephant Disaster tation, with the exception of owls, imports slowed considerably dur- A Report by the Environmental which can be properly cared for, should be ing the entire year." Investigation Agency avoided, even by qualified zoos." Nilsson also pinpoints countries from (London) 1989. 48 pages. $5.00. Avail- A complete ban on importation of exotic which high mortality shipments originate. able from the Animal Welfare Institute wild caught birds for commercial sale as She writes: "One shipment arrived with pets is a major goal of the Animal Welfare 1,612 dead Red-masked Conures,Aratinga For the first time, the complexities of the Institute. Until that goal is achieved, a ban erythrogenys, of 2,950 of these birds corrupt ivory trade have been revealed in a on commercial importation of those spe- shipped from Peru in October, 1986. Other single document. The highly readable, 48- cies that suffer the worst mortality rates cases involved delicate hummingbirds, of page-long report is illustrated with photo- should be instituted at once. which 46 arrived dead of 96 shipped from graphs of some of the key figures involved Peru in May, 1986, and birds of unknown in these contentious and slippery commer- species, which may also have been hum- cial ventures. The table of contents, to- Importation of Birds into the mingbirds shipped from the same country gether with a map of Africa showing ivory United States 1986-1988 in March of 1988." trade routes on the continent as well as Many birds die in quarantine. The report those heading to Europe, Asia, and North by Greta Nilsson. (Animal Welfare gives examples of heavy mortality of birds America, give a quick picture of the disas- Institute Washington, D. C.), 287 pages that were shipped with Newcastle Disease. trous situation which led to Appendix I 1990. Price: $5.00. Belgium, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Af- listing of the African elephant. This report is made up of statistics showing rica, Uruguay, and West Germany all had The introduction points out, "The ex- mortality of birds in transit, and quarantine shipments in which more than 1,000 birds tinction of Africa's elephants is just over both by species and by the source. It also died in quarantine. Captive-bred birds the horizon, possible within our lifetimes." contains tables which demonstrate causes traveled far better than those captured in It concludes: of mortality. the wild and had far lower mortality rates. e CITES Sec e a ia s u i a e a Nilsson writes: "Many shipments arrive Dealers receiving high mortality ship- ega isa io o oac e i o y s ock i es i with high transit mortality. Most of these ments in 1986, '87, and '88 included: Bill u u i, Si ga o e, Soma ia a o e cou ies i 86 es oye a y o e a shipments have been received from six Dew, Louie Mantas, A. A. Pare, Gary i o y co o s mig wo k . . . oac e countries, and most were apparent results of Rackear, Stephen Lane, Stuart Hauptman, i o y a e s a e co i u e o e CI ES over-crowding. . . The largest number of Mario Tabraue, Val Clear, Phyllis Jones, Sec e a ia o u e e y sys em a so shipments—four—were from Senegal, the A. M. Beatrous, Richard Furzer, Anthony a some y ewa e em... A o oug largest exporter of birds worldwide, which Giergenti, Ravi Mahol, Bern Levine, ouse c ea i g o e Sec e a ia is often ships large numbers of finches and George Kroesen, Larry Lafeber, David esse ia i CI ES is o egai i s i eg i y a e es a is i se as a e ec i e other birds in an inadequate number of Mohilef, Don Kyser, Ron Brown, James co e io o o ec e a ge e s ecies crates, and with water and food for only a Gunderson, Select Few Ltd., Frank Curic, om e e e io cause y i e a io a few of the many hours of their trip. Argen- Don Hanover, Alex Perrinelle, Moses Lall, a e. tina had three high mortality shipments, and Richard Schmidt, Willie Smith, and F. Zee- The second section, entitled "The it, too, ships large numbers of parrots in handelaar. Continued on page 14
7 WILDLIFE
The Nation's Songbirds Under Duress oug ou e o ics, e e o i g The relationship between a io s a e s ugg i g o mee e oo ee s o ei a i y human overpopulation and g owi g o u a io s, aci g the destruction of vanishing species was e o mous essu es o ei o es s. well described in a front-page article of Some i ige ous cu u es a e the Zero Population Growth Reporter o owe a o g a i io o sus ai a e (August 1989) headed "Deforestation ag icu u e y c ea i g a ie , cu i a i g Deeply Rooted in Population Growth." i o a ew yea s, a e mo i g o a Illustrated with a Fish and Wildlife Service photo of a prothono- ew a ea w i e o es eg ow es o es e o igi a si e s e i i y. Ma y yea s a e ey wou e u o e tary warbler and her fledgling (reproduced here), the caption notes: i s o o a c o s e e agai . u as e o u a io e a s "Migratory birds, like these prothonotary warblers, are sending us a ew eo e mo e i o e a eas, suc "mig a o y" ag icu u e a dramatic message about deforestation More than three-quarters as o oom o e is . of all species of North American birds fly south of our borders for e a is s i e e ma e y. Wi ou ees a s o g the winter. Increasingly, they are arriving in the tropics to find their ege a io , e e a e o see sou ces o s a ew o es s a e forest homes burned or bulldozed away. In addition, their nesting ea oses i s ca aci y o e ai wa e . Wa e e e s o u o e grounds in the forests of the United States are being fragmented by e a su ace a e a soaki g i o e g ou o e e is soi mois u e a g ou wa e ese es. e o es a io was a ma o roads or other development." co i u o o e ece oug s i A ica. I egio s o i e se To quote the article with regard to U.S. forests: ai a , is oss o e soi s a so io ca aci y ca a so i c ease A o e ime, o g ow a ke e some mi io ac es i e oo i g. aci ic o wes . Some s a s i c u e ees 0 ee wi e, 2 A o e ea i g cause o e o es a io a icu a y i a s o ee a a , 20 yea s o . u ecause o ei si e a u k, o A ica a Asia, is e ee o ue woo . ea y o e a o e g ow ees e ese e a ua e um e o ogge s. u i g e wo s o u a io —some wo i io eo e— e e o woo as ce u y, some 2 mi io ac es o e o es a e ee c ea e . o ue o cook a o ea ei omes e AO es ima es a .. esea c e s a e ou a some o g ow s a s may c ose o 00 mi io eo e a e a ea y u a e o sa is y ei su o e mos e se ee i g i o u a io s o a y o es mi imum ee s. A u e i io a e i a " e ici si ua io " sys em i e cou y.. . w e e ey ca mee ei ee s o y y e e i g woo esou ces. e e a e a ea y c ea sig s a wi i e is u e s ess. ecause Acco i g o AO s o ec io s, as o u a io i c eases, a e s o e ow ee s o g ow o su i e a is a e o o e o es s ecome mo e sca ce, a o e eo e i e e e o i g oo c ai , e o es Se ice as ca e i a "i ica o s ecies." wo wi ack a sus ai a e su y o ue woo y e yea 2000. e i s ea e ea s e s a us o o e i e oug ou e ese e s cas a o e o i g s a ow o a a ea y c i ica ecosys em. Si ce is ow s o u a io ega o ec i e, i as si ua io . io ogis s say a e a s o e s o s ecies a e ecomi g ecome a sym o o is as isa ea i g o es ... . e i c eac ay. Si ce ess a i e e ce o e wo s o ica Discussing deforestation in the tropics, the article states: o es s ecei e a y o ec io , e s age is se o mass e i c io .
Baronet Busted by Fish and Wildlife Service, Deported
i io ai e ays e a y o ea o e e ious "s oo " os i s ice se as a game i a a , Woo , ea ea s, es i ie . o ec e awks a ow s e uge a e muc u ici e i io ai e, "I was w i e ooki g o is ogs a K uge, was i e $ 20,000—$ ,000 o eac e s um e o a i a co ai e some e U.S. is a Wi i e Se ice was o e ea e e a y o ec e o e u e s o ic o ious i a ma o osecu io i A e awks e ie e as e i e ce awks a ma e Cou y, i gi ia, w e e em oy om is o e y. K uge as Musg a e a is ees o o W. K uge a s aug e e o as ye ee osecu e associa es we e u e s o o ec e awks a ow s i u e s a e a i c ue y aws, ou gui y o a a em o se u a E g is s y e owe e , oca esi e s com ki i g." e o "s oo ". ousa s o ame game i s ai a is em oyees o Sunday Mail we e mai ai e o is es a e a e a e , s o , a mu i a e (4 6 8 e o e i e i o o s oo i g a ies y e ogs w o s aye o o is a e "game ea e s. es a e. Acco i g o The kee e s" e a is a Wi i e Se ice s ecia age Washington Post (6 8 i a e swee o a a e so ga e e e e i e ce Ga y , Woo o a my a, s akes o ei ki w ic e o e co ic io a su se i gi ia es i ie a e ia Remains of one of the protected raptors i gs. "I was wo que e o a io o Si ic a a e os ee o is u illegally killed on the Kluge estate. oi s o a Musg a e, a is assis a "gamekee i g ogs. " e o e su i o , Note the identification band. g ou og, eig e s" au S a ow a a i Amos. a Wa ke ou , a i s oca oi s o a g ea oca esi e s oc aime a ei co s cu w e i was a e i a s a e. o e ow , u e o sco e o e cou ai i us ice was es o e w e e ey e o e o my ogs su e o wo ays e ea e y s oo i g a og."
8 WILDLIFE
Billboard Campaign a oi amagi g e u . A a e ki i g a coyo e e as "I e ie e a o ce eo e ecome a e i a s ee aw eg o a is i o me o e isgus i g ea i y," ea u e i a i oa cam aig says Sa y ake o oa s ie s, au c e y a ew o ga i a io , " e e wi o o ge e a ma ke o oa s ie s. S a i g o e su o is ki o o u e." a ima s oa a i cage, e Co i u io s o e i oa cam a e is c us i g e i e om is aig may e se o oa s ie s e i ie ic im—a me o com U imi e , .O. o 6 , mo y use y e a i g a e ic mo , A 2 2 i y o sa e e cos o a u e a ( o o: oa s ie s
Petition to Halt Import of Kangaroo Products "Soft Catch" Outlawed in Massachusetts A cou i u c io , issue a e egi i g o a i g seaso , as e wo s a ges wi i e "Mo eo e , e e e i egi i e e e a e s i Massac use s om usi g e so ca e "so s aug e occu s i Aus a ia, ma e asse io a ki i g is ec ca c " eg o a is yea . i e uma e g ou s soug e i u c essa y o e e wi es ea ag w e e a o ima e y ou mi io agai s e Massac use s i isio o is e ies a Wi i e a icu u a a i es ock amage io ka ga oos a e ki e eac e i a owe use o e a , es i e e ac a eg o a s a e i is o e a se y e ac yea o comme cia u ega i Massac use s. e i isio a ie o mai ai a e ua ac s, u ima e y oses. A oug ee so ca c , (w ic as a i aye o a a sy e ic ma e ia o e s ecies o ka ga emo s a i g a aws o e a "is o a eg o a ", u e Su o k Cou y Su e Aus a ia s oo i o e i io Cou isag ee . ka ga oo e s aug ow e i isio as a ea e e ecisio a c aims a ey og am is e , e a e o way o e o ce e i u c io . e , o i g Eas e mo e a G ey a a i y Beavers Keep Town Well Watered Wes e ei e e o o During Drought G ey, a e is e omo e a s a e as ea e e u sa c io e i us y e e i e oug o 88 S eaki g i e ea o u y e e U i e S a es Bullet-pocked road i ka ga oo o uc s came o o wes Missou i as e a i y su eye a E a ge e S ecies sign in Australia u e e guise o a ea ie a o mos aces. ea y ooki g i e , e Ac , ei o uc s ( o o: G oo oeco amage co o a A i as e o ge . I eg a i Mayo o G a Ci y, a o a e s i im o e o is cou y. io a e." e a o 8 a co i ue ug es sai , "Wi ou e G ee eace as ee oi e e e i io c a ac e i es e i o 8 . y e A ima We a e I s i u e, Aus a ia ma ageme sc eme u i seems a e ea a se e a o e o ga i a io s as " a a y awe ". I s a es, e s o is a ea k ew i i i g a e i io wi e U.S. " u i g imes o oug , w e w a was comi g. I e a me o I e io eques ka ga oo o u a io s a e ea a e 8 ey e i g a a o im o a io o e e e y i c easi g a o e se ga ui i g ams o uc s om ese s ecies. e e a u a essu es, e a i i G a i e , a e e i io asse s a "i io a o ec io a s ou e s eam w ic ea i y Aus a ia s ka ga oo a o e oug a o i i io ows as e sma ma ageme sc eme as o o ki i g o ka ga oos is i s ea ow , o u a io ee e ise o o ec ka ga su a e y e o io o mo e 000, o G a Ci y. oos o o e su e ei o e o e a o a e s oo i g co i io s , e ea e s ui o ewe e e i e y o ei a ge i e a c oice o wo i g a c ea y a se e ams, a o em ea e s, "G a i e wou ecosys em o w ic ey a e a i ica es e mi se e i a o g a s e c w e e we s e o i g u a ick e a a a . I s ea , e a io a a Aus a ia s ka ga oo ma age su y 40,000 ga o s o wa mu y o om." s a e og ams a e esig e o me og ams." e ai y o e ci i e s o G a o ie o ce, e ow s egi imi e comme cia u i i a e Aus a ia go e me Ci y. a ks o e ea g s e wa e su e i e e , oi e io o ka ga oos, u e e guise se s a ma imum a ua quo a ow s um s co i ue o o e ea e s a iwo k. o es co o ." I u e o ka ga oo ki s. is oes gus w e ma y ow s i e "You e go o a mi ey a e s a es, " y emisi g ei ma o , owe e , i c u e e am eig o oo a ee e ea e gi ee s. Wi ei ageme og ams o a [ amage a ki i g y oac e s. A e uce o au i g wa e . o e s a ee , ey gi e e co o s a egy] e Aus a ia ce G ee eace s u y i ica es ams e e o kee u e u ks, a e wai o a a s a es make c ea a co se a a I a y im o s o 2 mo e i e e e w ic i u e e o i g wi e o e com e io o ese s ecies is o ei ka ga oo ski s a Aus a ia o mai ai e e e o g ou i g ei wo k y e i g e ima y goa . a e eco s i ica e. wa e . ees i o e s eam." Occasionally, you'd see a 500 pound sow running around the pen chasing after and playing tag with her little pigs. I would imagine that the sow in a farrowing crate would like to do that, but it's a little difficult for her. '
— Mark Peterson
you can see some of them pawing h t : A o e: A e o i e igs as at the ground trying to make a nest, oug ei ou oo e . ey e e e and there isn't anything there for o ce o a e i c am e , a eck a e ies h t r n l Ab t t r l nd as ea y wea e igs o ac o y a ms mus them to work with." o. e : am, Mike a Ma k kee a c ose ows and their piglets on the Peterson months of their pregnancy in gestation ier time with farrowing. I don't have any sows espite the fact that many of the wa c o a e a ima s—a ice e sa. farm have come into the limelight since crates so narrow they cannot turn around that, after they farrow, wait for a day, resting up pigs had never had straw avail- e ow: I oo ou oo e s o i e com o u i g e wi e mo s. I summe e ogs being shifted from an intensive system and can just barely stand up and lie down. before they can eat," as many sows do when able to them before, they knew S I e oy oami g e as u e a sam i g e to the comfortable, straw-bedded pens re- Then they are transferred to farrowing they are in crates. "These girls were exactly what to do with it. "Ex- ege a io . e ow e : S aw e e e s quired to qualify for AWI approval. The crates where they are deprived of the sow's right up when it was feeding time." perts in the industry said, 'These s e com o o is sow a e ig e s. pigs are released outdoors in good weather, natural instinct to build a nest for her "In a pen," says Pam, "they can go are confinement hogs. They're bred a owi g c a es use i ac o y a ms a e and farrowing crates have been removed. piglets. This enforced sedentary with their instincts and they cart_ for confinement. They don't mind a oo i AWI a o e as u e a a ms o k. A o os y ia e a e so . This pilot project has been undertaken under life makes the births more diffi- nest, but in a crate, being confined. These are no longer AWI auspices in an effort to enlist market cult. sources in favor of a comfortable life for animals raised to supply the nation's huge ark Peterson, his brother demand for pork, ham, bacon and sausage. Mike, and wife Pam, In consultation with experienced farmers are the first farmers and veterinarians, AWI prepared guide- to participate in AWI's lines for family farms who wish to market Pastureland Farms pro- meat under the Pastureland Farms label. gram. Speaking of the Agribusiness interests have moved heav- straw-bedded pens in ily into the hog market, building complexes which the sows far- to house thousands of sows. These unfor- row, am says: tunate animals are confined during the " ey a e a eas 0 I e instinctive, wild animals.' I don't believe hough the system is more labor-intensive to them as you should. You care more that," says Mike. He spoke of a sow who ("about 50% more per sow," says Mike), about the numbers than the animals after had had nine litters in a farrowing crate, but start-up and operating costs are less, and a while." when put in a pen, immediately started to the satisfaction is greater. This type of sys- Pastureland Farms products are now make a nest. "You can't tell me that she tem, says Pam, "makes you feel like doing it being test marketed at two Lunds stores doesn't remember something about how more." Her husband Mark agrees, "You're in Minneapolis. The program has gener- she had the last [litter]. She had her with them longer and you can tend to them ated a considerable amount of favorable, habits and things she unsolicited farm knew that worked in the press, including a crate, and the only thing full-page spread in she had to tell her to the November issue break those old habits of Pork '89 and ar- when she got in a new ticles in the October situation was instinct." issues of Hog He has observed the Farmer and Hogs sows pulling straw Today . down towards the In mid-Decem- piglets as they are ber, the Minneapo- being born "because lis/St. Paul CBS-TV they know that the affiliate, WCCO- piglets are going to TV, visited the farm come around to that side after one of their of the body and nurse. cameramen noticed Pigs need something to the product in Lunds. keep warm." The resulting news segment aired three times. s the littlepigs grow, Minnesota Public they become frolic- Radio also picked up A some. "When we the story and aired a give them fresh straw," Pam and Mark Peterson's son Joe enjoys a playful moment with one of the piglets. piece in early De- says Mark," they love to cember after inter- run around in it and play, and occasionally, better." viewing the Petersons and Diane Halver- you'd see a 500 pound sow running around Mike says of the intensive system: "There's son, AWI's Research Associate for Farm the pen chasing after and playing tag with probably half a day involved with 1,200 pigs Animals, who is heading the program. her little pigs. I would imagine that the sow per year because there's no reason for you to The Minnesota Star Tribune carried an in a farrowing crate would like to do this, be in the building, other than to check them, extensive report in its January 14, 1990 but it's a little difficult for her." and you probably don't pay as much attention issue.
No sow under the Pastureland Farms program is compelled to live for weeks in a farrowing crate or months in a gestation crate as the unfortunate animals confined to factory farms must do. These farrowing crates were removed and replaced with straw bedded pens.
2 MA I E MAMMA S
UN Resolution Dolphins Killed on Driftnets for Bait e U i e a io s Venezuela as ake a im o a es i e igo ous com i s s e owa e i g ai s y e e e ue e use o a ge sca e i a co se a io g ou e s, a ec o ogy a u a o icos, e ki e imi a es a ma i e i e i g o o i s y e e om as ocea a eas. ue a s a k is e me I ecem e , e U. . co i ues u imi is e . Ge e a Assem y o e is e me use e ma y a o e a eso o i s as ai . u io o a i e G oss y c ue ki i g is i g i e Sou me o s a e em oye . aci ic y u y , o e s a k is e me use ca a imme ia e a o ei e a a oo s o u e e a sio o is i ea ms. o a e ike y i us y i e o a o esu i a s ow a ci ic a o im ose a mo a o o e e a o io o e U. . 2, co i ue essu e wi e ago i i g ea o e a ima . ium o e use o i e s eso u io i o uce y e ecessa y. I a y a S ai a e A e a i e y, o i s a e e wo wi e a e u e 2. U i e S a es a su o e y ece y egu usi g simi a e s s a e i e e s o o e is Driftnets in the Pacific Aus a ia, Ca a a, ew ea o ca c swo is i e Me i e me , e u a y c u e o A o ima e y 200 i e a a se e a sma e aci ic e a ea wi e as a i g eco ea a so o s a k is e esse s om a a , Sou Ko a io s. U e ea y i e a ogica e ec s u ig y o i me . ea a aiwa a e causi g io a essu e, a a ag ee o a e esu s. e is e y is e A e e as o w a was goi g eco ogica a oc i a a ea o a o e i . u aiwa a Sou a i g a i y a ow um o y u a o icos, e Mi is e aci ic Ocea a ge a e Ko ea, w o a e o mem e s o e s o e 00 esse s. A oug y o E i o me ca ie ou co i e a U i e S a es. A e U i e a io s, may ig o e mo i o i g emai s ske c y, a i es iga io w ic co i e is commo y 0 o 40 i . ocume e ki i gs o o i s, i me e i isc imi a e ki mi es o g a ac ica y i is A a egio a mee i g o is w ic a e " o ec e " y I a ia i gs. e e o u ge a e i e u e wa e . e e s a e issue i i i as u e, e a a aw, a e isi g s ee y. e E aw o ec i g wi i e e se a ig a a owe o i ese e ega e e ie a i i o me a I es iga io s e g e e a sa c io s e o se e a ou s o ca c a a e s ow e ma i e mamma s Age cy i e s mou i g a e o ce . u e go e me co e u a a squi . u i e a i s. i es iga io i o is i ega emai s i ac i e. ocess, some 80,000 ma i e e i a sige a i u e o a s aug e w ic , u ess c ecke , Chile mamma s, i c u i g w a es, a a aiwa was u e cou see e e i c io o a e c a i us y i C i e is o i s, o oises, sea io s u e i e y ei e usa o ce acea s i I a ia seas y e ki i g o o i s, e gui s, a sea u es, a o e mi io a ow eu a o se e s o ei yea 2000. a sea s ca u e o c a ai . sea i s, a e ki e eac yea . oa s. is as o e o i g o e a e Comme so s o i e y Aus a ia a ew assuage e w a o e uce e is ow so sca ce a e is e ea a , e Sou aci ic a a ie y o e Sou aci ic a Dolphin Protection Bill me a e ki i g ea s o i s, io s a e im ose a egio a io s, a icu a y e sma e A i equi i g e a e i g o usky o i s, Sou e sea a o i e i g: a o o es. o , as M . o awke, a u a o uc s as o w e e io s, a Sou e u sea s as em a e ou awe i wi i e Aus a ia ime Mi is e e u a as ee caug y me we as se e a s ecies o e ei ow 200 mi e o es. ew as oi e ou : "I some o o s k ow o ki o i s o is gui s. ea a , i a icu a , is aki g ese aci ic eco omies ose " o i sa e", as ee i o Comme so s o i s we e a e y oug i e, e usi g i ei is i g esou ce ey a e uce y e ese a i e a i ua y wi e ou ecause o e e s e e a si ig s i ua y os e e y i g." a a o e . I e ac e , " e ei ie y, socia a u e. I oug i s e i o ia wa e s wi ew ea a will have a eas o i o ec io Co sume o e mem e o e o i o e i g esse s ia e o sei o e esse i e asma Sea I o ma io Ac o 0" ca ami y is a oo e , e o e s u e a , i co ic io o ows, mo i o i g e im ac o e sig i ica y e uce e s iug ga e ou o e i . e o ei u e. a a ese ee i s o e u a is e . e U.S. is e wo s ig a ea e c a e s es o u i g e as 4 mo is e me a e ea e e o cu ges co sume o u a, mos o i y ca i g em tontitas, o si y i g seaso some 80 oa s we e i e s G ee eace is se im o e . o es. i g e ew ai ow Wa io o e oyi g "Wa o ea " i e i is aci g ie ce o o Ac io : e i e g ou s. e s i e Sou aci ic. si io om e u a i us y e I you uy c a mea o s a k A oug a a a e e ...And in the Mediterranean s i e e ac a a mos 0 o ask about the source and refuse use o i e s wi i 200 mi es A oug e U. . eso u io a u a is caug usi g me o s Chilean crab and Venezuelan o i s ow coas , i i i ia y ie ca s o a wo wi e a y u y a o o a m o i s. shark meat.
13 E E A S
EIA Report (continued from page 7) K. T. Wang, and other traders. Emirates, Singapore, and Taiwan. Ecology and Importance of African Ele- Under the subhead "Hong Kong's It closes with a recommendation that the phants," emphasizes the vital contributions poached ivory stockpile," the report states: burden of proof of a species' need for pro- of elephant activities to the survival of ". . the Poon family are still looking for tection be shifted to the exploiters. It points the finger at "the 'sustainable use' school many other species. poached ivory to transport to Hong Kong in The next section, "The CITES Secretar- anticipation of continued trade endorsed of thought" and states: by CITES." Fortunately, the CITES na- U o u a e y, sus ai a e use oes o iat and the African Elephant Disaster," in- wo k e ce i e a es o ci cums a ces. cludes "The Poached Ivory Amnesty of tions assembled in Lausanne foiled that plan. Suc esum io s i a ou o a e a e 1986," "How CITES was trapped by poach- co i u i g o e a i e e io o ma y ers," and "The Secretariat's last stand." s ecies i e wi . ose w o ig o e e Section 4, "Ian Parker—Ivory Trader e i e ce a sus ai a e use is a e i e and Consultant to CITES," reports: " Poached ivory ai u e—as e em i ie y e A ica Ia a ke o EIA i o em e , 88 e e a isas e —mus ow acce e a : traders have c ea e i e ce a e o icy is o wo ki g I 86, a u u i i o y a e co ac e o mos s ecies .. . e CI ES Sec e a ia a sai e wa e contributed to the O ce e i o y a e is a e , e i o y o ega ise is i o y. e CI ES Sec e a ia co sumi g a io s o e wo mus me wi e a e w o o e e em CITES Secretariat o i e su s a ia ai o ose A ica $ 0,000. e CI ES o icia a ise em to run the very cou ies w ic emo s a e ea o i ica o e ue os Ai es eso u io w ic commi me o e co se a io o o i e a mea s o egis e i o y. CI ES system that so e e a s a o e e i g o i ega i o y o e a e o ca a co su a —me a i g... i ai o i. handsomely I a i io o is e eco s o key A ew ays a e , I go a o e ca om rewarded them." a e s, suc as ose ame i is e o , e a e a I we o mee im o u c . s ou e e ami e y e e e a e wa e o k ow ow o ega ise is 60 au o i ies i co o e a io wi I e o . o es o i o y. I sai I wou e im ge I is esse ia a ei e wo ks a e is i o y ega ise u i wou cos im es oye . o e i o y. e ag ee wi a . So The next section, entitled "Japan—The I o im o ge is i o y egis e e , e World's Largest Ivory Consumer," pro- Slaughter in Africa, (co . frompagel ) wou a e o ge e u u i go e me vides a list of the main Hong Kong compa- ay imes, served in the elite parachute o oi CI ES. e sai ge i g u u i o oi CI ES was o o em, e us a o nies that have provided Japan with its ivory battalion for many years as the commander i e e ig eo e. So e i e ce ai in the last three years. of a feared brigade that laid waste to enemy go e me o icia s a e guy came Next comes "Zimbabwe—Poaching and territory and populations. wi e a e s, s am e y e u u i the Illegal Ivory Trade" with major sub- Col. Breytenbach told the Su ay imes go e me , o oi CI ES. heads, "The North Korean Connection" that he decided to talk about the elephant e e CI ES Sec e a ia i e me as and "Hwange National Park and the mis- massacre after realizing that all his efforts a co su a a ai me o go o u u i management of elephants." to stop the killing had been in vain. o egis e e i o y s ocks. I egis e e e w o e 8 o es i ays a ma ke "Southern Africa, The Pong Connec- "I operated extensively in the Cuando em a myse , gi i g em ei tion" tells how South Africa's biggest Cubango (area of Angola) before it became egis e e um e s. dealer, Chong Pong, slipped away from au- a theater of war and also after UNITA's e e a e s wa e o e ay e thorities when a major shipment of ivory massive extermination campaign had turned ea i e o egis e i g ei i o y eyo and rhino horn was confiscated. Angola, it into a sterile, lifeless green desert," ex- e 2 o Se em e , ecause ey a Mozambique, and Botswana are also cov- plained Col. Breytenbach. mo e i o y comi g i om a a ia a He complained bitterly at the highest ai e. e a e s o e e me $ 0,000 o ered in this section. e e e egis a io a e. Ivory is trucked along the same routes levels of the South African government, I a ee e ai e a e same ime o and only occasionally seized. For example, Col. Breytenbach said, but no action was wo k o e u u i go e me as ei Tanzanian police, acting on a tip, tried to taken. In 1988, he personally informed a I o y O ice a I s am e e u i i arrest a truck, but the driver would not stop, senior South African general of the mas- e o e mi s wi e go e me s sea and instead the occupant shot at police. sacres and smuggling, and wrote a letter a sig e em myse . " When the police prevailed, the driver of the outlining the problem to Gen. Magnus a ke su seque y s a e a wi i a truck admitted that he had made 23 trips in Malan, the South African Defense Minis- ew weeks o e egis e e i o y ei g s i e ou o o g Ko g ia e gium, the previous two years to Burundi carrying ter. a ge amou s o oac e i o y we e agai 210 to 265 tusks each time for the aggres- The ivory scandal was first exposed in ou i g i o u u i." sive dealer Zully Rahemtullah (see quotes July 1988 when a a coalition of American "Hong Kong—The World's Ivory Mar- from Ian Parker above.) conservation and animal welfare groups ketplace" gives a thumbnail sketch of the The report ends with sections on three testified at a U.S. congressional hearing traders: the Poon Family, the Lai family, international entrepots: the United Arab that "the South African military has cyni-
4 E E A S
cally aided the ritual annihilation of the CI ES, (continued from page 1) once-great elephant herds of Angola." The kill was estimated as high as 100,000. successful elephant protector, boasting of The South African government reacted its management of wildlife in Kruger angrily to the charges. Gen. Malan de- National Park. nounced them as "lies" on the floor of Ivory from elephants killed in East Af- Parliament. The South African army set up rica was being smuggled into South Africa an in-house board of inquiry to investigate. and then to the Orient concealed in truck It reported within weeks that there was no wall panels specifically constructed for evidence of the poaching or smuggling. the purpose. Breakdown of a truck while Col. Breytenbach, who provided his per- fording a river brought this system to light. sonal evidence to the military board, called South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana the probe "superficial." He stated that the practice "culling" (Anglo-Saxon for "kill- UNITA rebels were not equipped to move ing"). Entire elephant families are elimi- the tens of thousands of elephant tusks out nated systematically. They claim interna- of Angola. tional ivory sales help pay for conserva- "The million-dollar question is, of course, tion activities, but the figures show that in- who are the operators manning the pipe- come to African countries from tourism line?" Breytenbach asked. "There are some enormously outweighs such profits, and of us who have a very good idea who these tourists want to see elephants. greedy scoundrels are." The report of the Ivory Trade Review One of the "greedy scoundrels" is be- Group brought out the economic and eco- lieved to be a wealthy business man, logical facts in plain language: "What is Joaquim da Silva Augusto, who supplies ivory actually worth to Africa? Optimistic the UNITA headquarters base at Jamba views of this have been one of the main from huge warehouses at Rundu on the reasons for justifying the continued exis- border of Namibia and Angola. The tence of the trade. A comprehensive analy- Mozambican-born Augusto has close ties sis of export volumes from each country, not only with the rebels but with the South imes saying, "Savimbi constantly repeats at the year's current international price for African army. the lie that he conserves his game. For this raw ivory shows that, despite the doubling Last September, police in Namibia cap- purpose he keeps a pocket [of elephants] of the price in that time, the apparent value tured a 10-ton refrigerated truck owned by alive and well in the Luiana area where of African exports dropped from over $60 Augusto as it was traveling from Rundu journalists are taken to get shots of wild million in 1979 to some $37 million in toward South Africa. Hidden under boxes animals." The area also serves as a hunting 1987. of fruit and vegetables were 980 elephant preserve for Savimbi's influential friends "But this does not mean African govern- tusks weighing seven tons. Special wild- from South Africa and overseas, Col. ments see anything like that amount of life police who uncovered the smuggling Breytenbach said. revenue. Evidence from African customs network believe vast quantities of ivory The revelations of deep South African statistics show that ivory is usually de- have been shipped out of Angola along that involvement in the poaching and smug- clared at about 10% of its true value: al- route for years; gling have touched off demands for an in- though always sold by private individu- In late September, a twin-engine air- dependent judicial investigation. Several als." plane owned and piloted by Augusto members of the South African Parliament, Delegates to the CITES Convention got crashed on takeoff at Jamba. Reports from as well as leading conservationists and an education in the evils of the interna- the scene indicate that the aircraft was newspapers in South Africa, are pressing tional ivory trade when they stopped at the overloaded with ivory tusks, in addition to the new government of President Frederik AWI booth exhibit. Dave Currey's photo- several passengers. Critically injured with de Klerk to ignore the army's ongoing graphs of elephant families in Africa, of brain damage and burns was Joao Soares, cover-up and to expose the high-level cor- masses of tusks confiscated from poach- the son of Portuguese president Mario ruption. ers, of infant elephants being cared for at Soares. Augusto was also injured along Action: Please write a letter to South Daphne Sheldrick's orphanage, and of il- with two members of the PortuguesePar- Africa's president, demanding action to legal ivory factories were on display, and liament. The plane was en route to a South expose and punish the ivory criminals in two major television documentaries ran African military airbase outside Johan- the South African army and in the business steadily on a loop at the front of the booth, nesburg when it crashed. community. He may be addressed: the EIA' s, which appeared on ITN/TV and The Angolan rebel leader, Savimbi, President Frederik de Klerk "The Cook Report." Both followed the continues to deny the poaching and c/o Embassy of South Africa activities of the illicit ivory trade and they smuggling despite the growing evidence. 3051 Massachusetts Ave. N.W. attracted the close attention of CITES dele- Col. Breytenbach was quoted in the Su ay Washington, D.C. 20008 gations from all parts of the world.
15 A E A I ES
number of student biology projects are needed on the use of animals in education. tives to dissection and vivisection where inhumane and unjustified. A major prob- Especially needed are more stringent poli- possible." The National Science Teachers lem is the use of live mammals subjected to cies in science fairs. Association (NSTA) is currently consider painful procedures that can result in linger- There are a number of encouraging signs ing revisions to its permissive policy (simi- ing death. Another problem is the cur- lar to that of the International Science and rent overemphasis in junior and senior Engineering Fair) that permits infliction high schools on dissection of frogs and M • • 2 MEMMEMS22 of pain on animals. Hopefully, they will sometimes even of dogs and cats. At the A e a i es o issec io adopt standards more in line with cur- college level, a major issue is the inten- I ec u es a a ic es, . O a s as o i e rent public standards and attitudes. tional harming of a healthy dog or cat in ma y ac ica sugges io s o s u e e e However, continued effort will be order to study a disease or pathological cises a o o i o e a mi g o es oyi g needed with programs such as the Dodge condition instead of using naturally oc- a ima s. As su s i u es o og issec io , eac Foundation is supporting and AWI is e s s ou co si e e o owi g: curring clinical cases. pursuing to achieve a more Scie ce ai s I h n nt rn l n t t d fr compassionate approach toward animals Dr. Orlans says that historically, ani- x r , v f th tr nt t n l among today's youngsters and tr t ft r b r l, p l tomorrow's scientists. mal abuse has been most prominent in r f th dn , f th high school science competitions, and a h rt, nd C n Dissection long-time offender is the International 0 fr d t n v d There is still much opposition to re- Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) I t p rt fr d l form. For instance, although a similar administered by Science Service of I t d nt d d l f t h , presentation had been given with consid- Washington, D. C. Although the rules l v r , nd th r nt rn l r n erable success at other teachers' meet- of this fair have been improved so that I d t n f h n n nd ings, Dr. Orlans was stopped from giving amateur surgery on monkeys, rabbits, l ht rh t r l. a talk entitled "Dissection, Pros, Cons, and guinea pigs in students' homes is no and Alternatives" at the National Sci- longer permitted, as it was in the 1960s, ence Teachers Association regional even today this fair frequently gives A e a i es o i asi e oce u es meeting in Atlantic City after having prizes to teenagers for administering o e e a e a ima s i c u e: first been accepted and the event being well-known toxic substances such as published in the program. As another ex- insecticides to pregnant animals in or- I t d f pl nt , f n , pr t z , nd ample, the journal Scie ce, the official nv rt br t der to demonstrate the number of dead publication of the American Association I t d f h n ph l nd or deformed babies that result, and the b h v r for the Advancement of Science, says it feeding of deficient diets to show dele- is "Bad news for scientists" that CBS has I b rv n th b h v r, n t r l terious effects. Such projects cause un- h t r , nd n r l ph l f made and aired a movie about the Cali- justifiable animal suffering. They d t p t , ld n l , nd fornia student, Jenifer Graham, who at should be prohibited. For many years, n l n z nd n fr r n the age of 15 refused to dissect a frog and AWI has led efforts to change ISEF f r won a court case on her right to refuse. I t d f n r l f n t n n nv rt The issue of whether or not dissection rules by documenting specific cases of br t nd v rt br t n l animal abuse and promoting adoption n l d n pr j t n n of animals should be conducted in the of effective rules that ban invasive pro- t n, l rn n pr , t v t primary or secondary grades has recently cedures and promote observational stud- l , n t , p l n , become especially volatile in New Jer- ies. n rv r fl x , t . sey, where a similar lawsuit recently es- Dr. Orlans' talks have emphasized tablished a student's right to refuse to the need to encourage the study of liv- perform a dissection in class. ing organisms in biology education. Biol- of change that will ea to a more humane This decision could mean the end of the ogy is the study of life, and so must include ethic in biology education. National atten- traditional compulsory frog dissection in observation of life processes. This does not tion has been focused on the issue by the New Jersey, as concerned students and mean that young students should be al- many student protests about what they are teachers begin to exercise the newly-estab- lowed to injure or kill animals. Quite the required to do in their biology classes, sev- lished right. contrary. At the elementary and secondary eral of which have led to successful legal The AWI is seeking to publicize educa- school level, students should never con- challenges in the courts. Also, there is ac- tionally sound alternatives to dissection. duct projects that involve harming or kill- tivity in state legislatures to enact laws When Dr. Orlans, was removed from the ing any vertebrate animals. There are ample similar to that already passed in California speaker's program at the NSTA Regional projects involving plants and microorgan- allowing students' conscientious objection meeting, AWI was able, nevertheless, to isms and observational vertebrate animal to participation in harming and killing make its message known via an educa- studies that involve no injury (see box.) animals. The National Association of tional exhibit booth. Information was dis- Apart from education of teachers and Biology Teachers has this year announced tributed on alternatives to dissection of students on alternatives, new policies are a policy encouraging the use of "alterna- continued on page 19
6 A E A I ES
Cosmetic Firms End a maceu ica s a io ogica Appropriations Committees Encourage Animal Testing eage s. esea c e s a e Alternatives to Laboratory Animals Sc i s C i ic i Ca i o ia a e I es o se o mou i g u ic e A o ia io s Commi ees o gi e is e o io i y a e o e a mamma ia a i essu e, mo e a mo e cos o ies ca e o uce i o o ouses o Co g ess a e isi i i y i isca yea 0." me ic com a ies a e s o i g a sge ic a s.• ecomme e a e a io a e e o a so s a es: e use o a ima s o es i g Sim y u , ge I s i u es o ea ( I wo k " eak oug s i e ic i o ma io ac i e y o e e o a e a i es e ea me a om a mouse is o a o a o y a ima s. cu e o ma y is e uc o i a ima use y A o 8 88 e ouse A o ia io s eases ca e e a s e e o a 1982 . .4 M. . 4 2. o acco a Commi ee e o ca s o e ec e oug e w ic i co o io ogica Mo e s a Ma e i e e o me o Gui ea igs , 2, 86 ,0 2, 6 , 48 ,8 6 , 2 2 a es i i o i s a s esou ces ( MM o I ese a e a i e a i s , 2,880 , 4 , 8 848 62 4 2 ow ge e ic ma o " o i e o mamma ia o esou ces. I a a s ,04 ,4 2,2 2 2, 2 , ,2 ,28 8 4 keu . e a s ga isms o e iome ica e i io , i is e Mice 00 440 26 88 8 80 0 ca e o uce sea c commu i y. e Com Commi ee s i i mm u og o mi ee is u y su o i e o is e io a I o a 4, 00 ,4 , 6 ,008 ,048 4, 4,06 2,42 u i s o a i o e o a as a e su icie co i ue o e u s o ou e esea c i is e o esou ces ies us as a mouse wou . a ea." w ic o o equi e e use o o uc sa e y. u i g e as y is ec ique, o acco e Se a e Commi ee e o a ima s i esea c e e i yea , o ewe a 0 ig ames a s ca se e as acci e cu s a es, i a : "Co sis e wi me s." e e o o e a e sai a i u u e ei e co g essio a ma a e i co e e ce e wee o u e o uce s, e aci g e es i g wi e o e y i i o a ge um e o a ima s use ec i g I o e e o esea c ouses s a es, " e co e ees a o e o a ima me o s. cu e y. me o s w ic o o e y o a e ag ee a e io ogica e is i c u es: e e o Cos e use o a ima s, e Commi Mo e s a Ma e ia s e * (Nature, o . 42 o em e 2, 8 me ics, o e , A o o uc s, ee u ges e i isio o e sou ces sec io o e a o a Ma y Kay Cosme ics, e o , sea c esou ces o co si e o y A ima Scie ces a i C a es o e i , E i a e es a is i g a i isio o a e ma e esea c og am, s ou A e , a e ge, Ge mai e a i e esou ces og am a is ecei e su icie u s o sig Marchig Award Mo ei a S ak ee. se a a e a is i c om e i ica y e a esea c i A o e ac o w ic as e a ua Marchig Animal A ima esou ces og am, a is a ea." e e i g a ou is we come Welfare Award was es a is e o icy swi c is a cosme ic i 86 o omo e o a ima esea c . e yea e i e o European Action to Eliminate Use of LD 50 i ms ca ow a i o a a ases s o i g es esu s o ousa s 40,000 Swiss a cs (c. $2 ,000 Acco i g o Nature ( o . 4 , e a o e Eu o ea Com o i e e com ou s. Muc wi go o a co i u o o ou Oc o e 26, 8 , e Eu o ea missio , e U. S. mus ow ac e e i i e esea c , w ic e s a i g wo k i o e o mo e o Commissio as ecomme e o kee ace. ious y cos e i es o e s o e o owi g ca ego ies: isco i ua io o e 50 . Cu e y e cou ies i e ousa s o a ima s, ca us a. e e e o me o ew o g c i ici e o e se e e O ga i a io o Eco omic ow e a oi e . o a ima me o s i e e i su e i g i i ic s o a ge um Coo e a io a e e o me A e ca o a oo i g o me a si ua io s: e s o a ima s, e 50 50 is e (OEC a e usi g e . esou ces is g owi g. "We ca . e ac ica im eme a es use si ce e 20s o as Mic ae a s o e U i e acce e a e is ocess i we ca io o a o a ima me o i a sess e o ici y o a su s a ce y si y o o i g am Me ica s a e a a a e e o ew scie i ic o ma u ac u i g o e e mi i g e ose w ic ki s Sc oo a us ee o e u sa e y me o s," sai e esi ce u e: i y e ce o e es su ec s. o e e aceme o A ima s e o Ma y Kay, ic a c. ac ica wo k i e ie e Eu o ea Commissio o i Me ica E e ime s a e , w e a ou ci g e o a ima we a e y a socie y o oses a e 50 e e ace ( AME was quo e y Na- com a y s i e i i e mo a o i i i ua ese i g o su o y a " i e ose" c i e io . ture as sayi g: " e Eu o ea ium o a ima es i g as May. esu s o a i a io s u ies Commissio as ow ow a yw e e i e wo . o e " i e ose" c i e io ca e gau e o e U. S. a omi a io s o e awa mus ie ou i a o a o ies i Eu a a . I is o o ge a ques io e ma e y Ma c , 0 a o e, e U i e S a es, a a o scie ce, i is ow u o e High Tech Alternative s ou e se o e A mi is a , we e e o e a a wo ay o i icia s." a o , Ma c ig A ima We a e mee i g i usse s. e ace wo cou ies w o a e o A ew isco e y may soo make Awa s, c o Wo Socie y o me o e 50 is ue o occu a o e EC, Swe e a Swi i ossi e o su s i u e a s e o ec io o A ima s, 06 o ce a a i a io s u y is com e a , ga e ei a o a a o e ma y a ima s use o e my S ee , o o SW Y e e . A e is o mo e o e mee i g. o uce ce ai wi e y use 6EE, E g a .
The Black Side of Spain S ai o e osecu e A young calf runs in panic, stalked by the merciless jokers who trap and trick it . Who thrust o e C im s harpoons that bite and tear its flesh; blood flows down its side. They jump upon its back, drag it in devilish dance, hug it round in Judas kiss. Stab the life from it, in a slow agony that reels Spain is being prosecuted in the across the minutes, through the lungs, through the brain, until it falls, small, defenseless, European Court for a cruel and dying. The music plays, the children laugh and mimic its cries, the tumbling dwarves hold long-running breach of CITES— their bloodstained hands to receive the applause and the flowers. whose regulations all members of Within the walls of the Convent of Our Lady in the small town of Coria, the nuns work, their the European Community are faces tranquil beneath their coifs. Their deft fingers craft instruments of torture, darts that bound to observe. Despite fre- will pierce and wound living animals. They deck in bright motley the banderillas, whose quent warnings and high-level rep- vicious barbs will tear and lacerate, till the bull will wear a scarlet cloak of blood fashioned resentation, the Spanish govern- by the work of the gentle sisters of the Franciscan order. ment had done nothing to stop commercial beach photographers These are not scenes from a medieval vision of hell, but everyday happenings in Spain today. using baby chimpanzees to drum Each year, thousands of Fiestas Populares take place, in which all kinds of animals are lynched up custom. for the entertainment of the populace. The animals are captured in the In addition to the victims of the fiesta, wild—which usually involved the over 30,000 animals a year are killed slaughter of the mother and other in Spanish bullrings. Forget the Hem- members of the family—and ille- ingway version, there's nothing very gally imported into Spain. There- brave about bullfighting. Most of the after, drugged, fancily garbed in animals are in a collapsed state within children's clothes and often with a couple of minutes of entering the their teeth broken to stop them bit- ring: They are beaten over the kid- neys with sand, weakened by willful ing, they are paraded around dehydration, starvation, and massive coastal resorts by the photogra- purging. Drugs and electrical tortures phers. are also used. In the country areas and To the unwary tourists the chimps look cute, and many a In a bullring near Madrid, clowns and dwarves torture a mobile bullrings, methods are more calf while the audience (children among them) cheer. primitive, but equally, if not more bar- family returns home with a cheery barous. A widespread practice is memento of their encounter. removing the points of the animals horns: this also interferes with the nerve so the animal suffers Beach photographers do a brisk pain on impact and becomes disoriented. Grease is smeared in his eyes to blur already poor business. eyesight. He is virtually defenceless. Death by multiple stabbings may take many minutes and The chimp's useful life—use- some are still living when they are dragged out of the ring to be skinned and butchered. ful to the photographer—ends Tradition is always used as an excuse for bullfighting, though in its present form it only dates when it becomes an adult. Then it back to the late 18th century. Many so called traditional fiestas have an actual history of only will be killed, usually by having three or four years. The present Government, far from prohibiting such activities, supports and its throat slit and its body thrown funds them as "events of cultural and artistic interest." Taxpayers' money is used despite the fact into the sea. that 80 percent of the Spanish population is opposed to bullfighting. Eleven of these chimps have Many active humane groups, including Fight Against Animal Cruelty in Europe (FAACE) managed to escape this cruel fate. have helped to change public opinion about bullfighting in Spain, especially among the young. They are now at the Monkey World And there is evidence that this effort is working: The Major of Tossa de Mar has publicly Sanctuary in Dorset, England, declared his town the first anti-bullfighting zone in Spain. where they will live out the re- But bulls are not the only animal which suffer. Spain has no national protection laws, and even mainder of their lives in as natural encourages cruelty in municipal "stray clearance" schemes, where dogs and cats are thrown alive a way as possible. The sanctuary into the grinding mechanism of dustcarts or bounty hunted. Strays are routinely tortured: They was set up two years ago by Jim are starved, poisoned, maimed, hanged and buried alive—or sent to research laboratories. In addition, animal fighting is legal and, in the slaughterhouses, animals are beaten to death and Cronin who now has over 90 pri- practiced on by bullfighters. mates there of varying species. Bullfighting, though, is the great flagship of cruelty to animals in Spain; how can a person be They have one thing in common; censured for ill treating an animal when the State supports and encourages the torturing to death all have had traumatic experiences. of hundreds of thousands of sentient creatures for entertainment? This is the black side of Spain, Cronin is willing to take all the the side the tourist is not aware of when he attends the bullfight "just to see what its like". That baby chimps currently "working" little bit of curiosity combined with his admission fee keeps the industry of cruelty in big in Spain. He believes they could business. — Vicki Moore. Vicki Moore is with Fight Against Animal Cruelty in Europe number as many as 100. (FAACE): 19A, Stanley Street, Southport, Merseyside, PR9 OBY , United Kingdom.
18 r bl n r d Severest Penalty Beautiful beaches and a laid back atmosphere make the island for Animal Dealer of Vieques, Puerto Rico an enchanting vacation spot—reachable Animal dealer James Hickey by small plane or ferry from the main island about seven miles of Lebanon, Oregon, has been away. But, says Ann Cottrell Free who brought the problems fined $40,000 and had his li- of the island to public attention, for the thousands of animals who cense suspended for 25 years. live there, the island is a "hell in paradise". For years animal control in Vieques I is the most severe penalty has taken the form of death by disease and starvation or by poisoning, strychnine and ground glass ever imposed for offences bait, and the island's landfill/trash dump—due to lack of an animal shelter—had become the place to against the Animal Welfare discard unwanted puppies and kittens. (See photo.) Wandering horses often die of injury and starvation. Act. In 1987, Schweitzer medalist Free launched a campaign which resulted in the formation of the Vieques Hickey was found to have Humane Society, comprised of a few dedicated local volunteers, but the society struggles with little grossly violated housing, funding and almost no support from the local government. sanitation and veterinary care Despite these obstacles, the society has been able to establish stray animal feeding, adoption, standards, as laid down in the euthanasia and public education programs as well as a low cost spay-neuter clinic conducted monthly Act for dogs and cats kept at by a visiting veterinarian. And the U.S. Navy, which owns part of the island, sponsored a two-week free his facility. immunization clinic in September of 1988. But the island still has no animal shelter, full-time veteri- He had also concealed the narian, animal ordinances or protective regulations. source of his animals by con- Last year, hurricane Hugo's devastating winds put both the animals and their few protectors to the sistently giving wrong infor- harshest of tests. Volunteers did what they could to help injured animals and many provided shelter in mation about them and had their own storm-damaged houses. But the disaster took its toll "Now we are back to less than square refused inspectors and law en- one," says Penny Miller of the society, "God knows what the future holds." forcement officers access to o a io s ca e se o: ieques uma e Socie y, .O. o 0 2, ieques, . . 00 6 . u e his business records. i o ma io ca e o ai e om A ee : 4 00 ames ow . e es a, M 208 6 ( 0 22 8 60.
Alternatives, (continued from page 16) source guides, articles and the Quarterly. impact on students and teachers. Concern animals and on humane science fair proj- A number of chemistry and botany teach- for the welfare of weaker creatures, and the ects to the more than 2,200 science teachers ers stopped by the booth to express their acceptance of responsibility for one's ac- in attendance. support, noting that they had chosen their tions as an individual in an institutional A plastic frog model, student-made current field, and not biology, because of setting, are both qualities which our educa- models of organ systems, and a large poster their unwillingness to perform dissections. tional system should encourage, not penal- display drew the teachers' attention. The Although the death of a frog might seem ize. teachers helped themselves to complimen- to be a trivial matter by the standards of a The New Jersey court decision will en- tary copies of The Endangered Species society which uses many animal products, able concerned individuals to move toward Handbook, with its chapter on humane experience shows that frog dissection in a more humanitarian curriculum. biology projects, as well as numerous re- the schools can have a strong emotional
Animal Welfare Institute i ec o s O ice s I e a io a Commi ee S a Ma e ei e eme ma s C is i e S e e s, esi e A i e e A u a, .M. . Me ico a ick A e , E i o ia Co su a Ge a e a , . . Cy ia Wi so , ice esi e .G. A ikas, .M. . G eece Wi iam Co eau, esea c Associa e Ma o ie Cooke, Sec e a y Am assa o a a ak usai essie es a , u ica io s Coo i a o Ma o ie Cooke osi a Eck, A mi is a i e Assis a C is a e Goug oge . S e e s, easu e a g a es o Commu ica io s a i 0. i A ge a Ki g U i e Ki g om ia e Iia e so , esea c Associa e Sue o i gswo Scie i ic Commi ee Simo Muc i u Ke ya o a m A ima s ee o G. ewe , . Ma o ie A c e , . . a i ica o Ca a a e y e e ma , A mi is a i e Assis a C is i e S e e s e e e y, M. . Go o e o S u i C i e y e u c iso , M s. umi iko ogo a a W a e Cam aig Coo i a o Ai ee ai . a a a O a s, . . Ca y iss, esea c Associa e Cy ia Wi so oge ay e, . . K aus es e gaa , . . e aug o , Mai O e Sec e a y Samue eacock, M. . e ma k G e a i sso , Wi i e Co su a o Wa s , M. . A e ey Ya oko U.S.S. a cy Wei s ock, C e ica Assis a
t A Schweitzer Medalist Revisited In 1977, Yoko Muto was awarded the "More than ten years have passed since being here, I won't be able to free myself Albert Schweitzer Medal for her care and Ambassador Mansfield presented me with from such feelings, but I know that some- treatment of dogs and cats used in experi- the Albert Schweitzer Medal that I little one should do this, therefore I do." mental surgery. A photograph of her with dreamt to receive. In these years I have met U.S. Ambassador to Ja- pan, Mike Mansfield, who presented the medal to her, appeared on the front page of the AWI Information Re- port (Vol. 27, No. 2, 1978). Yoko Muto is a model caregiver who could provide training to laboratory personnel throughout the world because she is so care- ful and sympathetic— in contrast to the situ- ation in many Japanese laboratories. Recent photos of Muto with some of her many animals and experienced their deaths. An End to Discrimination charges show the clean cloth bedding sup- Animal experimentation in Japan is now plied to each of the dogs and the washing improving slowly. Against Pet Owners in Greece machine which is regularly in use to keep "We mainly take care of dogs and cats. Prohibiting pets in housing is " a restriction canine and feline patients clean and com- What we can do for them is to reduce their on human rights", according to Greece's fortable. Yoko Muto hand feeds recuperat- pain and to give comfort to them for their Minister of Health. A Ministerial decree ing animals warm soup which she makes short lives. We also help the discovery and makes the practice illegal in Greece. herself (see photograph). development of new methods for treatment Anyone in a town or city with a population The quarters for dogs recovering from by doctors. over 5000, may now keep two pets, even if surgery remain essentially as they were in "I will make every effort to understand the building regulations prohibit them. 1977, and the same deeply sympathetic and the animals who tell nothing to us." The decree also requires responsible pet high-quality care of the animals has contin- Expressing her feelings to Japan Animal ownership, specifying thatpet owners must ued. Yoko Muto's saintly dedication to her Welfare Society veterinary inspectors, Dr. vaccinate their pets and be responsible for chosen task shines through in the brief Yamaguchi and Dr. Chiba, who , isi labo- "keeping their environment clean and avoid- lines of the letter she recently wrote when ratories for the Society, she said, "It has al- ing noise or other inconveniences to neigh- we asked her to write a few words for this ways been distressing for me to see the ani- bors"—or risk a penalty. article. mals here in a research facility. As far as
Animal Welfare Institute P.O. Box 3650 o o i O g. Washington, D.C. 20007 U.S. OS AGE AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00 E A IMA WE A E I S I U E QUA E Y
P.O. BOX 3650 WASHINGTON, DC 20007 SPRING 1990 VOL. 39 NO. 1
Victory for the Dolphins e e a egis a io Wou a S ee aw StarKist will not buy tuna caught on dolphins or from drift nets, two other companies announce similar decisions eg o a s
Nearly 20 years after enactment of the In response to questions from the press, Congressman James Scheuer (D, NY) Marine Mammal Protection Act, a major StarKist CEO, Keith A. Hauge, stated that introduced legislation to end the use of goal of which was to achieve zero "If a tuna boat does not have an ob- steel jaw leghold traps April 24, 1990. In mortality and serious injury rate server on board, we will not buy introducing his bill, H.R. 4604, he said: of dolphins in the purse seine that tuna." U.S. tuna boats "Mr. Speaker, today, I and more than 20 fishery, the world's larg- have 100% observer cov- of my colleagues are introducing a bill to est tuna canner an- erage. Foreign vessels outlaw the use of the cruel and inhumane nounced that it would have 30%. steel jaw leghold trap, a brutal device used not buy any tuna caught Sam LaBudde, by the U. S. fur-trapping industry. The in association with dol- who went undercover to steel jaw trap snaps closed on the limb of an phins. It will continue film the incidental kill- animal as it steps into the trap. It does not to refuse to buy fish ing of dolphins on a kill it. It causes excruciating pain for hours caught with gill or drift St rKis foreign purse seiner and or perhaps days until a hunter comes along nets. whose film is widely and dispatches it or until it bleeds or starves Within three months, credited with bringing to death. Sometimes the animal frees itself StarKist tuna will carry about favorable action, by gnawing off its own limb in desperation, "dolphin safe" symbols on praised Heinz's action as despair, and panic. the labels with the message, the first company to ban tuna "Mr. Speaker, the European Parliament "No Harm to Dolphins." The H. caught at the expense of dol- is currently deliberating legislation that J. Heinz Corporation, parent com- phins and asked Senator Biden if he would ban imports of all fur and fur prod- pany of StarKist, staged a major press con- would consider legislation to close our bor- ucts caught in countries that continue the ference, with the Chief Executive Officers ders to all tuna which is "dolphin unsafe." use of the steel jaw leghold trap. I have met of both companies making presentations The Senator responded affirmatively, say- with these men and women. I have negoti- and answering questions. ing that's what the law should be. ated with them and discussed the matter Only hours after the press conference, In response to a question from the Co- with them. They are rational, thoughtful, the next two biggest tuna canners, Bumble pley News Service about implications for enlightened, dedicated legislators." Bee and Chicken of the Sea, announced the U. S. fishing fleet, Dr. O'Reilly cited The Environment Committee of the that they, too, would give up buying any figures of 1.8 million tons purchased, European Parliament will consider amend- tuna caught in association with dolphins. 400,000 tons of which comes from the ments to the Regulation proposed by the Senator Joseph Biden, author of The Eastern Tropical Pacific, and 200,000 tons European Commission to ban importation Dolphin Protection and Consumer Infor- are caught in association with dolphins. into the European Community of pelts and mation Act", praised the corporation's "re- StarKist will facilitate financially the fur products from steel-jaw-trapped furs. sponsible action ... before we even passed move which some boats will wish to make The Commission's proposal, which lists the law requiring it." (See page 14.) to the Eastern Pacific where stronger hy- certain species and includes reference to Heinz CEO, Dr. Anthony J. F. O'Reilly, draulic equipment is necessary. Dolphin futhre international standards, would not called it a momentous decision which had and tuna do not swim together in this ocean go into effect until 1996 if adopted in its resonated in the halls of the corporation. area. present form. However, many Members of He characterized it as a worldwide crusade StarKist is the only tuna company that re- the European Parliament are urging an in which the corporation supports the ef- fuses to sell albacore tuna caught with gill earlier date. The Animal Welfare Institute forts of the United States and the United or drift nets. While awaiting tuna labeling recommends that steel-jaw-trapped furs be Nations to end the use of drift nets interna- this summer, consumers can be assured continued on page 15 tionally. that StarKist albacore is dolphin safe. PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER ‘-/..3 9 ELEPHANTS
Not Just Elephants Die in Illegal Britain's Decision on Hong Ivory Trade Kong is Costly for Elephants The nefarious trade in ivory In 1987, two investigators from products, in addition to the the National Parks Department British Prime Minister Mar- no question at all that there is a sickening slaughter of these died in an "ambush", in 1988 garet Thatcher's decision to direct link ... people arrested magnificent beasts, is taking an and 1989, two members of an allow Hong Kong six months have said that they are moving ivory to Hong Kong where they increasing toll of human lives. investigation into ivory and to sell off its stockpiled ivory Not only is there murder on the rhino horn poaching died in car has permitted elephant poach- know they can sell it." Leakey actual poaching expeditions, accidents. ers and ivory smugglers to res- said. but brave, dedicated and hu- The tragic moral of this story ume business as usual. The British Foreign Office, mane officials are found dead is that Zimbabwe prides itself "The British Government's responding to Dr. Leakey's under the most suspicious cir- on its exemplary conservation decision has almost nullified claims, stated no ivory has been cumstances. policies. If this sort of wanton the gains made in trying to save recently imported to Hong An excellent case in point is murder accompanies "wise and the African ele- Kong. Despite that of the late Captain Edwin controlled culling", what can phant over the overwhelming Nleya of the Zimbabwe army. be going on in the uncontrolled last months. It evidence docu- "W h d th menting ram- It is known that he quarreled wilds of countries where ele- is a stab in the with his superiors when they phant slaughter has long been back for every- pr bl nd r pant smug- refused to accept his statements of epidemic proportions? one concerned." ntr l b t n th gling and cor- that he felt a conspiracy of si- Brave men such as Captain commented Dr. l t nth ruption in the lence existed over ivory poach- Nleya make it clear that the Richard Hong Kong Leakey, direc- h v h d n ivory trade, the ing and smuggling by mem- ivory trade holds life, animal p r n t nl bers of the armed forces. His and human, to be worthless in tor of the Ken- Foreign Office family would not accept the comparison to the bloodstained yan Wildlife n p h n b t blandly stated, verdict of suicide and were profits reaped from the slaugh- Service and a n th "We have ab- vindicated when an inquest ter of their finest native stocks leader in the nt rn t n l solute confi- brought in a verdict of murder. and even their fellow man. fight to save the dence in the African ele- v nt f Hong Kong phant. "We had v y." Government's Smugglers Arrested in South Africa the problem system of con- under control trols." The South African Government recently arrested two South Afri- but in the last month we have A different view was ex- can citizens who are charged in the United States for crimes in had an upsurge not only in pressed by the Japan General connection with an international conspiracy to smuggle rhinoceros poaching but in the international Merchandise Importers Asso- horns, skins from other endangered species and Soviet-made AK- movement of ivory." ciation, which represents the 47 machine guns into the United States. Marius Meiring, a former After the Convention on world's largest buyers of ivory. Major in the South African Defense Force, and Patricia Meiring, International Trade in Endan- It has issued an open letter stat- his wife, were arrested on March 19 in Johannesburg. The arrests gered Species (CITES) banned ing, "Hong Kong is still a hot were made at the request of the United States government which is trade in elephant products last bed of illegal ivory middlemen, also seeking extradition of the couple to stand trial in Connecticut. October, a move adamantly (i.e. 3 or 4 ill-famed firms still The Meirings were indicted on November 17, 1988, by a federal supported by the British dele- eager to reopen their illegal grand jury in Hartford. They are charged with one count of gation, poaching had declined activities)." The Association conspiracy to import and sell endangered wildlife species, and considerably and the price of is in an unrivaled position to machine guns, five counts of smuggling, three counts of making ivory on the international mar- know. false statements to the United States government and one count of ket had plummeted. Mrs. In Tanzania on January 30, aiding in the importation of firearms to the U.S. without a license. Thatcher's decision has appar- police, with help from an in- If convicted on all counts both Meirings could receive up to 50 ently changed all that. former, unearthed 1,909 tusks years in jail and $2.5 million in fines. In February and March, 1989, Dr. Leakey, while spQaking buried in gunny sacks. The seven United States citizens were convicted of crimes relating to in London on a fund raising police valued the cache, equal this conspiracy. John C. Lukman, the ringleader of this network, tour for his agency, reported to 12 tons of ivory, at$822,475. is currently serving a 27 month sentence in a federal prison. His mistake was to sell a rhino horn for $40,000 to an undercover agent that in one month since the Tanzania prohibited trade of for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. British Government announced ivory in 1986 and has since Hearings on the Meirings' extradition are scheduled for April 25 its decision on Hong Kong cracked down hard on poach- in Johannesburg. United States Attorney Stanley A. Twardy, Jr., almost 50 elephants have been ers, but the British defection stated the extradition process might last several months. killed by poachers. "There is has undermined their efforts.
2 C Hazelwood Acquitted, Exxon Still Faces Charges
y Gay e Woo captain's steady gait and clear speech. The quire double hulls for all newly-constructed jury thought the evidence against vessels and for single hulls on existing Two days before the grim anniversary of Hazelwood's sobriety was inconclusive. ships to be replaced in 15 years. But the the Exxon Valdez spill that dumped 11 The jury also thought that there was enough Senate (under stiff pressure from shippers million gallons of crude oil into Prince blame to go around: the Coast Guard watch- who are against the costly double hulls) William sound and killed 10,000 otters, stander was not looking at his radar when called for yet another Federal study. Enact- 300,000 seabirds, and thousands of eagles, the grounding occurred. The Valdez helms- ment of the bill too pointedly would place Valdez Captain Joseph J. Hazelwood was man had a poor reputation for steering. The liability for spills where it belongs, in the convicted of only one of the three misde- third mate had no license to command. oil shipping industry's pocketbook. meanors, the negligent discharge of oil. He And Exxon, the world's second largest oil The Valdez spill has, at least, inspired was acquitted of the felony count of second company, employed the incompetent crew. legislation that raised the cost of industry degree criminal mischief. The capper was that in subsequent inter- carelessness and created a $1 billion cleanup The jury heard almost two months of tes- views, Hazelwood expressed a desire to fund, with oil companies establishing a timony and deliberated 10 1/2 hours in the navigate a ship again. There was talk $400 million spill response network. And state criminal case. Charges could have among his lawyers of getting his old job some state waterway regulations have been slammed Hazelwood with a seven year jail back at Exxon. The lawyers have launched tightened, especially in Alaska, but na- term and $61,000 in penalties. Instead, he an appeal of his misdemeanor conviction tional policy is still sluggish. received $1,000 and 90 days in jail. Presid- on the basis that, under Federal regulations, As for Exxon, the company still faces ing Alaska Superior Court Judge Karl a tanker captain who reports an oil spill is criminal violations of the Clean Water Act Johnstone ordered Hazelwood to perform (two felonies, three misdemeanors) filed 1,000 hours of community service--clean- by the Federal government, and more than ing Alaska's oil fouled beaches-- in lieu of The capper was that in 150 civil suits. In a February letter to share- the jail sentence. holders, Exxon stated that costs associated Heartening as it may be to picture Hazel- subsequent interviews, with the environmental restoration and liti- wood in hip boots with a scrub brush, many Hazelwood expressed a gation brought "the full year 1989 provi- agree that the punishment did not begin to desire to navigate a ship sions for the Valdez accident to $1,680 fit the crime. Oil from the Valdez soiled again. There was talk million." 1,100 miles of the Alaskan shoreline, the among his lawyers of Exxon pulled 10,000 to 12,000 workers equivalent of half the length of the Atlantic off the cleanup team last September and Coast. Beaches were fouled more than 500 getting his old job back at initially refused to return. Then, after a miles from Bligh Reef, the site of the spill. Exxon. trumped-up plea bargain with the Justice Exactly how much coastline remains pol- Department that failed, Exxon grudgingly luted seems to be a point of debate between agreed to resume restoration efforts in Prince Exxon and the Alaska Department of Envi- automatically immune from prosecution. William Sound beginning this May. ronmental Conservation. But a mid-winter One wonders why. Hazelwood could hardly Predictably, a study commissioned by survey conducted by Alaskan scientists have avoided reporting the country's larg- Exxon and issued April 6, concluded that described at least 110 miles of beach still est oil spill. the Valdez spill was not likely to cause significantly coated, with some areas mired The Coast Guard meanwhile will hold long-term harm to fish, plankton, and marine under two feet of crude oil. hearings this spring to decide if Hazelwood mammals in the Sound. Alaskan officials On a tour of Prince William Sound this violated regulations enough to suspend or and state scientists, who found great tarry spring, Alaska Governor Steve Cowper merely revoke his license to navigate tank- globs of oil on the ocean floor and 120 found desolate salmon spawning grounds ers. The State of Alaska has charged Ha- miles of still clogged shoreline, charged and portrayed one salt marsh on Night zelwood to pay $50,000 in retribution. that the Exxon study focused on samples Island as "just a bubbling cauldron of oil." Some good could come of the spill that from open water, and not the shoreline The details of the Hazelwood trial are cost Exxon $200 million in individual areas. The 2300 study samples were taken also depressing. How could a forty-three claims and $2 billion for cleanup. Oil spill mostly from below the surface and in areas year old merchant marine veteran who was legislation that has languished in Congress of open water, which would not reflect not even licensed to drive a car because of for nearly 15 years has finally picked up a a drunk driving conviction in his home little momentum. This spring, Congress is contamination effects on the ocean floor, state be deemed responsible enough to expected to pass major legislation govern- water surface, or shoreline. navigate a 987-foot tanker, after admit- ing shippers' liability for oil spills. But in Mei Mei Evans, coordinator of the Oil tedly drinking? This was inadmissable March, the politicians were still haggling Reform Alliance, a coalition of environ- evidence withheld from the jury. about the double hull provision. A double mentalists from Prince William Sound, said Hazelwood's competence, the corner- hull on the Exxon Valdez, the Coast Guard it best: "Exxon and Hazelwood are just two stone of the trial, was deftly handled by his estimates, would have vastly reduced the agents in a very complicated and very flawed lawyers -- three of them, funded by Exxon oil spilled. system of extraction and transportation of -- who found 21 witnesses to testify to the The House passed a bill that would re- petroleum." Research Harassment of Wild Horses Canceled
In a letter addressed to Dr. Frank Press, ect was reported: ma ageme a ea o a o e . President of the National Academy of Sci- "Improper use of helicopters in a badly e o ses ie o e u o ei ome designed and execrably conducted study is a ge, u we e e e e om oi g so ences, the Governor of Nevada, Bob Miller, y a e ce. ey wa e e a ou i 0 wrote: orphaning young foals as their mothers are eg ee ea , i oug co i io s, a "Recently, the Nevada Commission for terrorized by the pursuing aircraft. This ie o e y a io w i e ei g a ge y the Preservation of Wild Horses wrote a million dollar University of Minnesota ig o e y ei uma o ec o s. letter to you recommending that the Uni- experiment is as inept as it is cruel, as " esi es e horses that died of thirst, versity of Minnesota fertility study on wild became shockingly clear in 1987, yet the others were slowly and painfully killed by horses be terminated. I fully support the American taxpayer continues to foot the infections caused by tight collars applied Commission's stand on termination of this bill for this so-called research in horse by the inexperienced University of Minne- study. fertility control. It should be stopped sota researchers. "The state of Nevada will not permit the immediately. "The collars have numbers that the sci- continued inhumane treatment and deaths "The Society for Animal Protective entists try to read while flying over the of one of our natural resources. I urge both Legislation believes that soundly planned, horses in a helicopter, but the numbers are you, and the Committee on Wild Horse and humanely conducted research to control too small to read from a distance and wear Burro Research, to terminate the study wild horse numbers is desirable and much and tear on the collars adds to the diffi- immediately." needed. But this bungled study ought never culty." According to Les Sweeney, "All horses, collared and uncollared, that have been subject to monitoring (which requires get- ting the helicopter down close enough to read collar numbers) begin to run as soon as they hear a helicopter and continue to run for some time after the helicopter passes out of the area . . . "Many of the research animals have died or have been lost to the study from one cause or another. For example, in Stone Cabin approximately 30 out of 100 im- planted mares, in the healthiest most du- rable age group, were lost from the study and in Clan Alpine, 48 of the control ani- mals were lost at one time before the study Wild horses in Nevada (note the mare with a collar around her neck, lower right corner). got underway. Many have lost their collars As a result of the Governor's interven- to have been undertaken. First, it requires and many of the numbers on the collars are tion, the Bureau of Land Management field surgery on the mares, a difficult propo- no longer legible; taking out of the research (BLM) canceled the fly-overs which the sition and one that could never provide a project a significant number of animals. University of Minnesota researchers had practical solution to controlling the popu- The natural habitats of the animals are put planned. Much credit for this favorable lation. in total disarray potentially affecting the outcome should go to Les Sweeney, a BLM "Second, those conducting the tests were breeding behavior and conception rates. staff member, for his memorandum en- shown to be callous and undisciplined when The loss of young is unknown in terms of titled "Recommendation to Terminate the they violated BLM rules by demanding exact numbers but may be significant to the U of M Research Contract on Fertility more horses than could be found in the research results. There are impacts from Control in Wild Horses." He states: original study area. To quote The Reno injuries caused by collars that were too "Bureau Policy prohibits the gathering Gazette-Journal: tight." of horses by helicopter during the months is o ec as ee a uma i a ia The SAPL testimony ended with the of March, April, May or June because of isas e si ce i ega . as a , 48 wi following statement: "There is excellent, the impacts on foals from helicopter gath- o ses ie ecause o o e ous y a genuine, productive scientific inquiry on a i g a ig o a ce. e u eau o ering operations. The reasoning for this a Ma ageme a ou e u a feOlity control in horses currently being foaling season 'shutdown' is that young co si e a e um e o o ses o e conducted in the western United States but foals that can't keep up have been lost . . . s u y. u U i e si y o Mi eso a not funded by BLM . It is not necessary mares have also aborted at the trap site." esea c e s sai ey i o a e e oug to capture individual wild horses in order to In a Society for Animal Protective Leg- a ima s. So M s a e s o e o e prevent conception. The technology al- islation (SAPL) statement before the Sub- o ses mi es i s ea o e esc i e ready exists for humane, effective, revers- committee on National Parks and Public i e, wea i g em ow a e aus i g ible fertility control. It should be further em. ey io a e e M o icy Lands, February 6, the history of this proj- agai s i i g wi o ses om o e developed and encouraged."
4 WI I E a e E I O ME In Alaska, Use of Airplanes in Wolf Hunts is Expanded Imagine the advantage a hunter would have if he were allowed to meant any Alaskan resident with a hunting licence would have been search for the animal he was hunting by scanning from an airplane eligible to land-and-shoot wolves. the vast open fields his prey inhabits. Such is the case with wolf The National Park Service, received over 4,000 letters on the hunting in Alaska. Not only is this not "fair-chase" hunting, but en- issue, 99 percent of which favored a ban. Nevertheless the Service forcement of restrictions is, for obvious reasons, impossible. Last declined to implement the ban themselves, fearing such action November, however, the Alaska Board of Game voted to expand might upset a "Memorandum of Understanding" between the the area of state lands where hunters agency and the Alaska Department of could use this "land-and-shoot" Fish and Game (ADF&G), under method of hunting wolves to a total of which wildlife management on fed- 96,027 square miles. Although about s eral lands in Alaska is left up to the 70 of 100 people who publicly testi- state's discretion. fied at the meeting were against this For several years the Board of practice and seven proposals were ;. Game and the ADF&G instituted of- t ficial programs to reduce wolf popu- before the Board to ban land-and- s shoot hunting, the Board never con- lations for the purpose of maintaining sidered any of these options. high caribou and moose populations, Recently the Board of Game did which are preferred by hunters and grudgingly adopt regulations proposed preyed upon by wolves. Since these by the National Park Service for a ban programs no longer exist, wolf con- trol is being attempted by "unofficial" on land-and-shoot hunting on National The Alaskan Wolf, prey of land-and-shoot hunters. Park Preserves in Alaska. The Board means, such as land-and-shoot hunt- had originally decided to adopt the ban but to allow for subsistence ing. There are some inconsistencies in their "management" plans. hunters to land-and-shoot wolves. They did not explain how a Data from the ADF&G revealed caribou and moose populations "subsistence" hunter, a term implying such a person survives on the were in fact increasing in one "game management unit". However, bare necessities of life, could afford to own or rent an aircraft. The the Alaska Department of Fish and Game recommended, and the Board was forced to accept a total ban after the Alaskan Supreme Board of Game approved, expansion of land-and shoot hunting of Court ruled the state's subsistence law was unconstitutional. This wolves in that area.
Environmentalist in Brazil's New Government Jose Antonio Lutzenberger, a man who stated he has an "uncompromising reputa- Perhaps the greatest concern many en- has been described by one American col- tion" on conservation issues. "It was a vironmentalists have about the Amazon league as "the best known and most re- daring step for him to come to Washington region involves the construction of a high- spected environmentalist in Brazil" is and testify (against the World Bank loan)," way linking Brazil's western forests with Brazil's new Secretary of Environment. Schwartzman said. "He got a lot of flack for Peru's pacific coast, a development that President Fernando Collor de Mello, this in Brazil. At that time he was the only would undoubtedly lead to increased log- appointed Lutzenberger to the position nationally known environmentalist there." ging in the surrounding rainforests. "The largely in response to international con- Lutzenberger began as Secretary of private talks I had with Mr. Collor lead me cern over his administration's policy on Environment on March 15. In an interview to think that the road is not going to go environmental issues. with the New York Times he stated, "Prior- forward," Lutzenberger said. "The only Lutzenberger was the founder of Brazil's ity number one is Amazonia, we have to people really interested in the road are the first environmental organization, Agapan, reverse the devastation there." Japanese wood industry." in 1971. In 1984 he testified before the In only his second week in office Presi- President Collor plans to create envi- United States Congress against a World dent Collor ordered all illegal landing strips ronmental units in each of his Bank loan for development of the West- built by gold miners in the northern Ama- government's twelve ministries. Lutzen- ern Amazon. He was awarded the "Right zon to be dynamited, a decision which berger will have authority over these units Livelihood" award by the Swedish Parlia- demonstrates Mr. Lutzenberger's influence aswell as being overseer of the Institute of ment in 1988, an environmental distinc- and Mr. Collor's genuine concern for the avironment and Renewable Resources. tion that has been called an "alternative environment. Mining operations in the Two weeks before Mr. Lutzenberger's Nobel prize". area have caused tremendous environmental work began the World Bank approved a Steve Schwartzman, who as an anthro- damage and diseases brought in by the $117 million loan to Brazil for environ- pologist with the Environmental Defense miners have devastated an ancient indian mental protection, research and educa- Fund, has worked with Mr. Lutzenberger, tribe, the Yanomamis. tion.
WI I E Tens of thousands of sea turtles slaughtered each year in Mexico
Each year in Mexico tens of thousands of sea turtles are slaughtered for their skins and shells, and millions of eggs are stolen- from their nests. "Although commerciali- zation of sea turtle eggs of all the species is forbidden in Mexico by Presidential De- cree," writes Homero Aridjis, President of the Mexican environmental organization, the Group of 100, "egg poaching occurs in all the coastal states... It is estimated that around 10 million turtle eggs are sold annu- ally in the country due to the legal and illegal slaughter of females." The Mexican Govemmentcurrently per- mits the legal killing of 20,000 olive ridley turtles and 3,000 animals from the other six A sea of discarded turtle shells. More than 35,000 olive ridleys were slaughtered in 1989. species that nest on Mexican beaches. Ac- cording to Aridjis more than 35,000 olive found dying from a machete blow on the Leatherbacks, the largest species of sea ridleys were butchered in 1989 while the head, or from being castrated to extract the turtles, are killed in the same manner as total slaughtered of all seven species was eggs ... Smugglers have fast boats and olive ridleys, for their skins and eggs. In between 75,000 and 100,000. make captures before the season. They Rancho Nuevo red snapper fishermen are On the beaches of Escobilla, on the skin them (to be sent to Japan), and open poaching Kemp's ridley turtles, and devel- Pacific coast of Oaxaca, thousands of olive their wombs to obtain the eggs so females opment threatens their last few nesting ridley females arrive over a period of one to reach the beach cut open, and dying ... Eve- beaches. three days to deposit their eggs. The illegal rybody knows there is organized crime All species of sea turtles are listed as harvesting of eggs and the killing of fe- dealing with the turtle eggs in Escobilla." endangered by the Convention on Interna- males during these "arribazones" is such Turtle butchering at the notorious San tional Trade in Endangered Species that the entire species has Agustinillo slaughterhouse near Escobilla (CITES) and trade in their products is little chance of survival. has been going on for banned. Nonetheless, Japan, the world's Aridjis writes, "for com- 22 years. The animals leading consumer of sea turtle products, mercial exploitation "Smugg e s a e as are brought to the buys most of them them from Mexico. there is a well organized oa s a make slaughterhouse by fish- Turtle skins are made into expensive shoes, and administrated net- ca u es e o e e ermen who, while wallets and purses while their shells often work of poachers, buy- seaso . ey ski searching for more become tortoise-shell glasses and fancy ers, distributors, whole- turtles, keep those al- combs. salers and retailers..." em ( o e se o ready caught on their In response to international pressure the "Nests are taken by a a a o e ei backs, disoriented and Japanese Government recently declared poachers from Escobilla wom s o o ai e immobile. In the they would cut back by one third their and nearby places, who eggs so ema es eac slaughterhouses they imports of hawksbill shells. Japan refuses carry up to 100 eggs in e eac cu o e a are killed with a gun to curb imports of other turtle products sacks. They sneak shot to the head, al- until 1991, a decision which will lead to the around at night or at yi g." though often they do slaughter of around 150,000 turtles. The dawn without lights, and not die immediately Mexican Government also claims they will sometimes Marines, out and are cut up while ban exploitation of sea turtles by 1992. By of uniform, in charge of safeguarding the still alive. Poachers, who want only the then, these reptiles, which have survived beaches, accompany them while they look skins, sometimes cut off their flippers and since the age of the dinosaurs, may already for eggs. During the arribazones, when throw the animal back into the sea to die be virtually extinct. fresh eggs are more abundant, the fisheries slowly. To thwart collection of scientific inspector, Mr. Victor Armida Rojas, and evidence of the olive ridleys' imminent ACTION: Please write to President the Marines, cease to guard the beaches, al- danger of extinction, fishermen have been Carlos Salinas de Gotari, Palacio Nacional, lowing the poachers to take all the eggs told by the owners of the slaughterhouses Mexico DF06066. Demand that exploita- they can, in exchange for a bribe. They to throw away tags from captured turtles in- tion of sea turtles be immediately stopped even take the female turtles, since fre- stead of returning them to scientists. and that the Mexican Government join the quently, only the tracks can be found on the On the Yucatan Peninsula Hawksbill Convention on International Trade in sand with no return to the ocean, or they are turtles are slaughtered for their shells. Endangered Species. 6 tiq WI I E
Animal Damage Control is Out-of-Control Appeal for Protection of the In 1988 the Animal Damage Control pro- turbing numbers and mounting criticism, Upper Alleghany River gram (ADC) run by the U.S. Department of the ADC plans to spend 29.4 million fed- Agriculture, intentionally killed 4.6 mil- eral dollars to continue these programs in o AWI: lion birds, 9,000 beavers, 76,000 coyotes, 1990, an increase of $3.8 million from e U e A eg a y i e i o 5,000 raccoons, 300 black bears and 200 1989. wes e e sy a ia, ows oug a as , mountain lions. In the process of trapping, In some cases ADC programs defy eco- u s oi e wi e ess a ey. I is e i shooting, or poisoning these animals, 400 nomic principles. The latest available ma y i e i e sy a ia ei g co si pet dogs and 100 cats also died. The reports from California show $3.2 million e e o a io a Wi a Sce ic esig a io . purpose of the ADC is to protect farmers spent to kill 32,368 mammals or $100 for Coi ci i g wi is osi i e e e o and ranchers from predators that damage each animal. But the damage the carni- me is a a em y E i o me a owe crops and kill livestock. vores were alleged to have caused was less Co o a io (E C o os o , Massac u Over the years such predator control than half of what it cost to destroy them! se s, o co s uc a o e a e a gia was e programs have been responsible for the Farmers could have been indemnified for coa coge e a io owe a a o g e disappearance of grizzly bears and wolves their $1.4 million losses with savings of i e a Ke e e , e sy a ia. Ke e from the lower 48 states, wiping out all the $1.8 million. In fact, the farmers got noth- e is oca e i e ea o e Sce ic lions east of Texas and the Rocky Moun- ing. i e s s u y co i o . is o ec , o e tain states except for a tiny population of The General Accounting Office is pre- ca e Sc u g ass owe Co o a io , is Florida panthers, and poisoning vast num- paring a report on animal damage control ei g i a ce ima i y oug e sy bers of Western eagles. Despite these dis- rationale. a ia issue esou ce eco e y o s. E C as a ea y emo s a e ei u e ia i i y y e au i g o simi a o s as yea o wo o ec s i e as. e e a e ma y u a swe e e i o me a a a s Development and Road Construction In National associa e wi a aci i y suc as is i c u i g y as is osa a was e wa e Refuge Threaten Few Remaining Key Deer is osa i o e i e . e e as ee o si e s eci ic E i o me a Im ac S a e The tiny Key Deer, found only in the Na- Deer violates the Endangered Species Act. me . tional Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys, These insurance policies encourage devel- e i e a i s a eys a e i a i e y is facing increasing threats to its survival as opment and therefore jeopardize the exis- a wi e a ie y o a s a a ima s. A a species. Officials from Monroe County tence of the key deer. The second suit is an i e o e es o a io og am is a e in Florida plan to develop residential com- attempt to block the county from improv- o e Ki ua a ea is summe . S ecies munities and construct an access road ing an access road through Key Deer habi- ei g co si e e o a e a ge e is i g through two rural islands that are part of the tat on Big Pine Key. The road cuts across as we as ose a ea y is e a u i i e Key Deer Refuge. On April 2, Florida at- is ecosys em i c u e: a eag es, os the primary route for interbreeding between ey, o ca s, c u s e , o e i e torney Henry Lee Morgenstern, on behalf two main deer herds and will lead to an s e , ue eas e a e , Iowa a e , of himself and several conservation or- increase in deer mortality from collisions s o e a e , gui a e , i eca oe ganizations, filed two lawsuits in an at- with cars. Last year 43 deer were killed as a e , c a e a e , o g ea a e , Mas tempt to protect the diminishing habitat of the result of such accidents. seauga a es ake, a e e e s . the Key Deer. . Geo ge a is o e Aca emy o A subspecies of the a u a Scie ces i i a e ia, a . Virginia white-tailed ay S au e , o e S a e U i e si y, wi deer, the diminutive Key e co uc i g ie su eys is summe o Deer grow no more than s ecies e ie e o e e a ge e . three feet tall. Only 250 Co s uc io o e Sc u g ass owe remain despite being a ea e s a e i o me a y se si i e a ea a e we a e o a ima s w o protected as an endan- i e e e. a i a es uc io , wa e o u gered species since io , ai o u io a e c oac me o 1967. ea y i us ia e e o me wi a One of the lawsuits e eme s ess a is o cu e y ese . charges the Federal ease w i e o Go e o o e Casey, Emergency Manage- a is u g, A 20 o ema a e o ment Agency's practice is o ec . of issuing flood insur- ance policies within Si ce e y, o umme critical habitat of the Key Last year 43 Key Deer were killed in car collisions, only 250 remain.
Government Spends 1 Billion Per Year to Support Timber Industry and the Destruction of alive Old Growth Forests by Gayle Wood Whose trees? e w o esa e es uc io you see i ese e ki o ee ei g sac i ice is o e o og a s is oug o you y e e i g. Qui e a o e is w e e e ees a e e a go e me s o es Se ice a e ei g a es e a w om ey e o g o. im e i us y, u i i i g a ocess ca e O e 2 e ce o o es a s a s i c ea cu i g. e is a e i a e y ow e . Ye , i o e y C ea cu i g ( e u i g ac ices a e ma age , ese i a e im e a s cou ee i ace o eca es, a icu a y i o i e e U.S. wi a e woo o uc s Was i g o a O ego , e a ges su we cou use. A u ic y ow e a ie s o U i e S a es im e (a a so i io a o es s cou e e a o e o use i a i . esi es ecima i g a i a o o e ways. u o eca es e e e a e e y o es e i e , c ea cu i g o uces go e me as a oca e u s o e U.S. ca as o ica y u s a e soi co i io s o es Se ice, su si i i g im e sa es a se e e wa e way amage. A e ea y om u ic a s o im e com a ies, oggi g o e a io s, i c u i g e e ess wi mo e a $ i io a o a s yea y. oa ui i g a i e com asses, e i e e o es Se ice (es a is e i e i e s ca e u ie y c ea cu i uce 0s y a k i oose e o o ec geo ogica ai u es. e soi as o i g o u ic a s se s a ou 60,000 ac es e o i , i s i es i o e wa e a u ies yea o o o es g ow o u ic a s o s aw i g g ou s a eggs o is ike e im e i us y, a o e y i e. W a a e s o ou e e a im e a e i is cu ow ? o e e es i a io i e o e woo ou , c a a sa mo . A eas 60 s ecies ( ees om A aska s o gass a io a i is o o. o o y im e mac . esi es e muc u ici e o e s o o es , some o w ic we e 00 yea s o ma ke i g e woo o uc s e e, e io o s o oggi g o e a io s. u a i e e ow a e e e e o o g ow ees, a wo $ 00, we e sac i ice o $ .48 i us y e o s o e i o a im e cu o e Se a e a o ia io s i a owe as a e , 00 is su o i g i sec s. a iece . i a e im e a ow e s, u e o es Se ice o co i ue se i g Ma a e o com e e i is o so ee e e i e o wes , i w o e o s a e squa e ogs. A o e i is e o e as c i s o e o ees a ees i o e o g ow What trees? ise sys em, a e ee ice ig ou o a eas is ega i g e e a e i o me e usi ess. A i s g ea usi ess o e u a ices a e ow ue e aceme i ua y a o e a i e o g ow cos s o U.S. a aye s. W i e ou go e aws a accommo a i g i a e im e im e i us y. A e a , i you cou uy sa es. o es s o i a e a s a e o g si ce u ic a o ess mo ey a i a e me su si i es e eco omies o Asia e Associa io o o es Se ice Em ee cu ow . O a o g ow ees o a , a e go e me su si i e you cou ies, e omi a y a a s, a cie u ic a s (mos o w ic a e u o o i , wou you ea a e o o u i y? ees a e ei g ocesse e e e y c ea y oyees o E i o me a E ics ec e y egis a io , o y i e e ce a e e im e i us y i ea . U wi i g a ei g co e e i o o uc s ike (A SEEE , com ose o o es e s e u e . o u i a o e way: e ce o o i cu e e e cos o ocessi g a ywa i e . wi e es uc io , es ecia y i e a o g ow ees o u ic a s a e i e o e im e i us y as e ga o c y ci ic o wes , was o me . A SEEE ca y go e. ou a e i o me a is s, accuse o yi g aims a o ci g a s i i io i ies o e O e easo o g ow ees a e im o o es oy o s, suc as ose i U.S. saw o es Se ice om a a e o goo s e a is ecause, e e as ey ie a ecay, mi s. I e oo es us, e , o emem e : wa s i . a cie ees e ace ee e u ie s i W i e cu i g e e s a e i c ease o e e a i e o es Cou ci ( C , a e agi e soi s uc u e. ew g ow ees e as yea s u o 40 e ce , em oy o o i o ga i a io ase i O ego , o o a e is e e is i g ca aci y. me i e im e i us y as ec ease ikewise g ew ou o ou age a e im e Ma u e ai o es s su o soi . Soi su e ce . i us y s g ee . C i ica e eme s i e o s a i a . E e s a e om ese o g ou s og ams i c u e a o a mo a o ees coo s su ou i g wa e s, o i i g ium o a i io a oggi g, oa i g, o e Above: e e o io o is o o What's being done? a i c ease i o yge . A e e y yea , o os: e o me i a y emai i g oa ess a eas, 2 ,00 ac es o i gi o es a e cu ow , is w a emai s o C ea wa e Wi e ess a ea ea Mou ai ie i Was i g o . e ig Mec a i e o es emo a i O ego s a simi a a o e e o me i a y e so , os . I e yea s, ey wi a e go e. is a ow e y Weye aeuse , a co o a io Sius aw a io a o es (Ma e o is mai i g a cie o es s o a i e o es s, im e com a ies, a e c ea cu i g, es o si e o c ea cu i g a i e o es s as ic so e e y u ie is a wi i e a a a o aw woo e o s om a o ause a mome o e a . u ese we as e o i g g ea qua i ies o ai o es a i a a a coa i io was o me w ic im e . o o y a ie a ce . Right: Mou U.S. a s, e e a , s a e, a i a e. e a i gs a e e equi a e o a y o e sue e o es Se ice, c a gi g " a o ea mo e a ou e o ems aci g mo ocu u e c o sys em, a ag icu u a oo a io a o es i O ego , (w a is e o i . o o y im e mac . w e you ki o mo e a a e is , ou a i e o g ow o es s a e i e ac ice a as a ea y ee o e o ki you e o ac ici g mu i e use a y sus ai i g s ecies i e si y a u o i u e o e U.S. o es Se ice w i e o: i g ack i o e soo e aus e soi . mo e." e a i e o es Cou ci , os O ice o e Ma e o coa i io wo a i u c 2 , Euge e, O ego 402.
8 9 W OOKS
Alternatives in Biology Education h Gr nt S n r p r (Seco E i io y a ie S. G ee e g, I Co a o a io Wi e Ce e o e is i y wo age ook e , A e a i es i a e u ike y, a wi A so io o e e a u s ( 0, Scie ce a Go e me e o , io ogy E uca io , o i es i o ma io o goo easo , o su s i I c., .O. o 6226, Was i g o , C 200 , 40 ages, $8. o a ima me o s o eac i g io ogy. e u e s u ies o a ima s om ime o ime a i e iew wi e my ica . G a Swi ge s a e i e is o i o m s u e s a e uca o s wi s u ies o ce s. a ea s i e Scie ce a Go e me e o , w ic i mo e se ious a ou e uca io a oo s a ca e ace a i is ook e ese s mome s is easi y e es sou ce o i o ma io o e cu e io a a ima a o a o y e e ime s. I is u a somew a a ow ac i i ies o ig scie ce. E i o a u is e a ie S. G ee e g was is e y e io ogy Me o s e iew o ec , iew o io ogy e uca o me y ews e i o o Scie ce a Was i g o co es o e o A ice a ie , E i o . io ecause i ea s e ew E g a ou a o Me ici e. I e ece y u is e is ook e ac ie es i s o ec i e a wi o y wi o a ima G a Swi ge a e s, Swi ge a is ee s om e Ce e o e ou ess o e use u . e e is a ee o is su s i u es. u i is A so io o e e a u s, co e a a e , e e o ew o y e o i o ma io i asmuc as some sc oo s im ossi e o ea g ams, oce u es a goa s o mem e i s i u io s a " ook i o a e c aimi g a e uca io a a e a i es o a ou io ogy, e s u y e ossi i i y o ew sou ces o su o ." e gi es as a e am e e issec io a i asi e i e a ima ysio ogy o i e, wi ou s u y a Ame ica C ai o a c ai i a i Ame ica S u ies a c ai a s o e is . O e si y i ems a e is e i i g i e a ima s, a ei o a a Ame ica a e o a e i g mem e s w ose es ige is g ou s co e i g com u e og ams, ooks, wi ou oi g em a y ma imi e y " a e y, ossi y e e ," ei g o cam us. is ske c , i eo a es, i ms i s, mo e s, c ass oom c a s, a m. o e e o osi u is e yScie ce i 66, w e e a s o G a s sco c w iskey a s a e cies, a some issue cu u e a s. i e a i u es owa s we e a ei eak, e s wi Swi ge s og os ica io o e I o ma io i c u e wi eac i em i c u es a a ima s a uma e Ce e s g ow : "We a e a o e e mo o, As o g As You e esc i io , (wi w a a ea s o e i o ma co ce s, i is esse ia U , Ge Me a G a . I i k we ca o y g ow." io ake om e ma u ac u e s a e isi g o i o uce s u e s o I , Swi ge e u cia e "Swi ge s i s aw o esea c " ma e ia u o i e e e c i ica comme s , o se a io a s u ies o w ic s a es, "a ica io s wi a ways e cee e amou o mo ey e uca io a e e , sou ce, a ice. e e uca a ima s. ese ca ei a ai a e o ei u i g." I 8 e Swi ge I e is esc i e . I "co sis s o um e s o io a e e co e e a ges om i g a e e e i e o ga isms a e s o uce , mi es a e e , a co e e ces a e e ." A oug co ege, wi mos i ems a i g i e mai ai e u e i ea oug i a ious, ese ske c es ea e a so e message e i : " o ig sc oo oug co ege e e s. I e ook co i io s i e c ass ocee cau ious y a i e ige y i assessi g w a e e e s sec io , i is we come o see e A ima We a e oom, o wi a ima s wou a e us e ie e." I s i u e s e E a ge e S ecies a ook, s u ie i ei ee i w ic as ecome a muc soug a e o ume i g s a e. amo g eac e s a s u e s a ike. A so e e is imi a io i is ook e e ook e is a s a oug . I is o e is im o a icu a y a ua e a e e sec io s a cause, i iewi g e o a ic u e o e ee a o ic o a e a i es i e uca io wi s a k ea wi o a ima a e a i es o issec io s, is ook e a esses o y e aceme e o uc io o ma y a i io a u ica io s. a og a s, wo s u e s e e cises a a e a o some e e e uc io i com e e y A e a i es i io ogy E uca io is ei g i c easi g y ei g c a e ge o uma e ig o es e i eme s. A e am e o a e i e is i u e ee o c a ge y e ew E g a g ou s. ess a ua e is e sec io o ce me i is co e is w e e e i a y s u e s, A i i isec io Socie y, Was i g o S ee , io ogy a issue cu u e. Suc s u y, ike io o i s a ce, ea a ou a o ogica co i Sui e 8 0, os o , MA 02 08, e e o e 6 c emis y, as i s ace i io ogica k ow e ge io s i a ima s i a u a y occu i g c i ica 2 22 . a e uca io , u oes o a e a e y use u cases a e a i uci g isease. Some e e e iewe y . a a a O a s, Ke e y ace i is co e o e aceme ec iques o me s o i eas o e i eme s cou e I s i u e o E ics, Geo ge ow U i e si y, i io ogy e uca io . Cu icu um e e o e s a ce e sco e o use u sugges io s. is Was i g o , .C.
h Gr n C n r A is o "c ue y ee com a ies" is o i e is o o ga i a io s, i c u i g e A ima y o E ki g o , u ia ai es, a oe oge e wi a e comium o e o y S o : We a e I s i u e, a ea s, a i e "g ee Makowe . e gui ooks ( ew Yo k, ew " e a s o com a y e e e em i ies e ooks e " sec io , A ima s, a u e a A e Yo k , 0. ee a s, 42 ages. $8. g ee e e e eu ia s i i a e o y S o . Sc wei e , y A Co e ee. e i is ase com a y w ic ow as e o ec io o a ima s as us y ake i s e asic equi eme s o o uc s wo y o se e a s o s a a mai o e usi ess i e ace i e eca e o e e i o me , a e su o y "g ee co sume s" a e is e i e U.S. as ac ie e g ea success y ma ke i g a G ee Co sume , y aki g e ee o a ima i o uc io o is ea a e com e ium. ig qua i y o uc wi e e i o me i o ec io as a ma e o cou se, emo s a es "I ea y" e au o s a es, "a g ee o uc is mi . e o y S o se s o uc s ma e om ow ogica a a u a a ace i is. As e o e a : is o a ge ous o e ea o eo e a u a i g e ie s wi mi ima ackagi g, ma y u eso e eco ogica issues w ic a e o a ima s, oes o cause amage o e e i i c u i g io eg a a e as ics w ose i g e ee u wise y e i e i e as su ge i o e o me u i g ma u ac u e, use o is osa ie s a e o ee es e o a ima s u i g u ic co scious ess, co ce o a ima s a oes o co sume a is o o io a e amou o e as i e yea s. Mo e ece y, e o y e u sio agai s e i us ices ey a e su e e gy a o e esou ces u i g ma u ac u e, S o as egu a cam aig o c ea e o uc s e e swee o wa wi ike im e us. e use o is osa oes o cause u ecessa y ma e om ai o es e s, i a a em o G ee Co sume is a wo kma ike ook u o was e, ue ei e o e cessi e ackagi g o o a emo s a e sus ai a e ag icu u e i e Ama e u gui a ce a use u is s imme ia e y s o use u i e oes o i o e e u eces o ai o es . ese o uc s wi e a ai a e a ica e i e wo k ay wo . I s im ici sa y use o c ue y o a ima s a oes o use i e comi g mo s." message is o e o o e i e ace o massi e ma e ia s e i e om ea e e s ecies o e U e e ea i g, " ow o ge i o e " a e o s o e o e come. i o me s."
0 0 A E A I ES Modem Biology Class Without Dissection by Alton L. Briggs men rarely meets the needs of a common continued to be used. high school student, alternatives which The Allen High School Science Depart- "Do students still dissect a frog?" is the reflect more important concepts were ment has garnered considerable recogni- question most frequently asked by parents sought. Laboratories are no longer geared tion recently as a result of continued work who visit Allen High School's biology to the odd dissection of an earthworm or in updating its curricula. The December classes. The same question, although often frog, but feature activities which will be 1987 NASSP Curriculum Report listed the disguised, is also posed by many of its important to students' understanding in the AHS Science Department as one of eight students. Within the last decade, the sci- future. Non-invasive activities such as exemplary science departments in the na- ence curriculum at viewing blood circu- tion. Felicia Perry participated in the 1988 this Texas school has lating through the tail regional convention of the National Asso- undergone consider- of a living goldfish ciation of Biology Teachers. In the fall of able changes regard- have been added to 1989 NABT featured the lesson plan at its ing those often heard the curriculum. national convention in San Diego, CA. The questions about dis- Other laboratory ac- Animal Welfare Institute featured addi- section. tivities focus on bac- tional models constructed by Allen High Thirty or forty years teria, protista, fungi, School students at the 1989 National Sci- ago biology in the and plants. As a re- ence Teachers Association regional con- United States most sult of this restruc- vention. As a member of the NABT Task often concerned itself turing, students of- Force on Dissection, I authored the first with the whole organ- fer less resistance to draft of the position statement on dissec- ism, its structures and learning the concepts tion now accepted by NABT. functions. Research being taught. The message is clear. If biology and life was still directed at Another alterna- science students remain active in attaining the individual level of tive to dissection is an understanding of the present and impor- the biological hierar- the student-made tant issues in biology, curricula will have to chy and biology anatomical model. undergo this type of continual change. classes reflected this Felicia Perry, AHS Without such changes, students will be left study through the use Biology Teacher and unprepared for the life-long learning expe- of dissection. Felicia Perry uses a model heart prepared by I hold copyright on a riences schools ought to be fostering. Today the focus of a student for a class lecture lesson plan which A o . iggs is e Scie ce C ai ma o science is on molecu- offers a model proj- A e ig Sc oo i A e , e as. lar biology at one end of the spectrum and ect as an alternative to vertebrate dissec- ecology at the other end. Little research is tion. We have used this lesson plan geared VINIMI111.0111111■Mi being done at the traditional organismic to reach the objectives normally reserved level. Genetics, DNA technology, and pro- for dissection. The models have proven to Frog Populations Threatened tein synthesis now receive a great deal of be excellent teaching tools for future use as attention by the general public. The effect well. Scientists from all over the world are of oil spills, endangered organisms, the Students' interest and motivation have alarmed by evidence that frogs, toads and population crisis, and destruction of the been high as reflected in follow up meet- salamanders are rapidly disappearing. The tropical rain forests are in the news and on ings. "I found making the model to be more extent of the problem was first recognized TV every day. interesting than a dissection would have at a meeting of the World Herpetology Allen High School's biology curriculum been." stated one student. "This assign- Congress last September. David Wake, a is changing in accordance with these new ment made the learning aspect more enjoy- biology professor from the University of trends. Closed-circuit color videocameras able than just cutting up a dead animal. It California at Berkley, stated "we were are used with all laboratory exercises in- was good to relate the model to actual shocked to discover the extent of the prob- volving the microscope. Computer soft- human anatomy," said another. In addi- lem. [Amphibian populations are] crash- ware has been chosen to supplement many tion, student achievement on written test ing throughout North, Central and South activities. The microscope slide library increased by using this approach rather America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Austra- and the videotape library have increased than the traditional dissection. "If you lia," ( ew Yo k imes, February 20). substantially. With these resources at hand, spent the time necessary to do a job," an- Several possible causes for the decline in biology lessons are now focused on what is other student said. "You are almost assured amphibian populations have been sug- new and important in the field rather than of getting a better grade than if you just cut gested: loss of habitat, local droughts, pol- memorizing the parts of a preserved speci- something up and looked at it, or answered lution, acid rain, contamination from pes- men, and dissections are no longer per- a few questions on a lab sheet about what ticides, and increasing levels of ultra-violet formed in AHS biology classes. you saw." With this type of student re- light admitted by the deteriorating ozone Since the dissection of a preserved spec i- sponse, it is easy to see why this unit has layer may be damaging frog eggs.
A O A O Y A IMA S CDC Announces Ban on Importation of Monkeys On April 18, 1990 the Centers for Disease scrutiny), and Hazelton Research Products This position ignores the long history of Control (CDC) in Atlanta announced that Inc. (a major dealer in laboratory animals importation of deadly viruses and the no rhesus, cynomolgus or African green which imported the original ebola infected shoddy care of non-human primates in monkeys may be imported into the United animals), were all prohibited by the CDC captivity as the inevitable concomitants of States or distributed out of quarantine un- from dealing in primates before the nation- the wild-caught primate trade. Respiratory less accompanied by a special permit is- wide ban was instituted, at that time leav- infections, intestinal disease and other ail- sued by the CDC director. This is a tempo- ing White Sands in business as the sole ments acquired during travel, frequently rary abatement of a trade in which the primate importer. The quarantine viola- result in monkey deaths. dealers subject the thousands of monkeys tions all involved failure to separate re- In recent Quarterlies, we have told of the they import to horrid conditions. The CDC cently imported primates from other pri- spread of Herpes B virus, through improper action followed an earlier ban on imports mates and from human beings. The CDC care of non-human primates. It is now by the state of New York, through which inspections did not address the quality of acknowledged in the literature that most comes at least 80% of imported primates. the care and housing given to the animals. monkey colonies are saturated with the This ban was instituted because of con- The three banned dealers were responsible virus. In Spring, 1985, NASA had to pull cerns about a recent importation of Philip- for over three-quarters of the estimated four monkeys from a planned space shuttle pine cynomolgus or crab-eating macaques 20,000 primates imported into the U.S. mission because Herpes B was detected in carrying the Ebola virus, a highly conta- each year. their blood. In late 1974, 30 people con- gious, deadly African virus. The level of The Ebola virus is not the first virus tracted hepatitis from a chimpanzee kept concern was heightened by the fact that imported along with the wild caught pri- by a California family as a pet. Dr. Vanessa primates in question were from the Philip- mates so popular in this country for re- continued on page 16 pines, well outside the natural range of the search and for pets. virus. Upon further testing, it was found Every importation of that a large percentage of the animals are wild caught primates More On Psychological infected with this lethal virus which causes brings the great internal bleeding and organ failure. It chance of infecting Well-Being of Primates appears that a major factor in the spread of other animals in the the virus is insufficient quarantine proce- laboratories or zoos I a a e w ic wi e u is e i e a o a o y ima e dures and housing. to which they are ews e e (2 (2 , 2, 0 , . ik o ei a a co a o a o s Because of deficiencies in quarantine, brought. The CDC e o esea c i i gs o e s ess e e s o esus macaques Charles River Primates Corporation, (the is reported to be leav- ouse si g y a i ai s. I ie , w a . ei a ou is a e si g y cage a ima s we e i muc wo se s a e y a ai a e major worldwide dealer in laboratory ani- ing the ban in place measu es o s ess a we e a y o e ai ouse a ima s, i c u mals), Worldwide Primates Inc., (owned only until it is clear i g e su o i a e a ima s. I as ee a gue a ai o socia by Matthew Block whose illegal dealings that the importers ousi g o o uma ima es i a o a o ies s ou o e o e in the procurement of animals for US AID, have improved quar- ecause e a ima s a e u ei g su o i a e wou e wo se among other transactions, is still under antine procedures. o . is a a s ou u is u ou e c i icism o es .
Colombia Passes Landmark Animal Protection Law
The newly enacted National Statute for the The law establishes an agency to enforce ened and endangered species, including Protection of Animals in Colombia stresses its provisions as well as coordinate all ani- marine and coastal wildlife. Transporta- humane, economic and social values, rec- mal protection efforts, public and private. tion within the country of threatened or ognizes the intrinsic value of all animals - It sets forth fines from 1,000 to 1 million endangered species is prohibited by the domestic, wild and wild-in-captivity, and (Colombian pesos); mandatory jail terms bill, which also requires that immediate seeks to protect them from pain, suffering, from 72 hours to five years, depending on steps be taken to protect the natural habitat, injury and disease "caused directly or indi- the degree and frequency of the violation; rookeries and breeding areas of all such rectly by man." loss of licenses and business suspensions Ipecies.
It requires clean, comfortable, safe and up to six months in extreme cases. The law denounces as "corrupt . ' and sets well-ventilated housing and transportation; The law regulates humane procedures penalties for drugging or numbing of race proper feed, rest and veterinary care. It for transport and slaughter of livestock; horses and terms such practices cruel, inhu- discourages the use of animals in research control of domestic stray animals; sale and mane and fraudulent. It prohibits most ani- and prohibits use of live animals for medi- care of commercial animals; animals used mal contests but regrettably bullfighting cal purposes where alternatives are avail- in medical research and protects all threat- and cockfighting continue to be allowed. able.
12 0 WI I E University Project Threatens an Endangered Species In the last few days of the 1988 Congres- two-thirds of the graduate students in the 8000 Munich 2-West Germany; Franco sional session a rider was passed approving University of Arizona Ecology Department Pacini, Director, Arcetri Astrophysical Ob- the University of Arizona's proposal to stated, "By scorning the few laws that do servatory, Largo F. Fermi 5, 1-50215 build a massive $200 million observatory exist to protect our environment, the uni- Florence, Italy; President, Ohio State Uni- complex on Mount Graham in the Coro- versity administration has sent a message versity, Room 205, Bricker Hall, 190 N. nado National Forest. The University in- to the world that institutional prestige and Oval Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210; Pope tends to begin construction this summer economics are more important. We are John Paul II, Vatican City, 00187, Rome, despite the urgent pleas to preserve the last alarmed by the implications of this mes- Italy. remaining members of an endangered spe- sage." cies. ACTION: If you An estimated 150 Mount Graham Red agree with the ecolo- Squirrels are still in existence on this gists, you may wish mountaintop which was recently desig- to request the part- nated as critical habitat for the endangered ner institutions, to squirrel. These beautiful little squirrels withdraw their sup- live nowhere else in the world except in the port from the Uni- old growth spruce forest of this "sky is- versity of Arizona land", a rare fragment of the Rocky Moun- project including: tains surrounded by desert. Dr. Robert Adams, In June 1989 the Sierra Club Legal De- Smithsonian Institu- fense Fund filed suit against the United tion, 1000 Jefferson, States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) SW, Washington, and the U.S. Forest Service claiming the DC 20560; Prof. project violated the federal Endangered Heinz Staab, Presi- Species Act. On March 27, U.S. District dent, Max Planck Court Judge Aifredo C. Marquez ordered Institute, M.P.I. Re- that no work occur on the site for at least sidenz-Str. #1A, The Mount Graham Red Squirrel, only 150 remain. another four months. According to depositions by two FWS biologists, their superiors ordered them to write a report favorable to development on Mount Graham regardless of what had been Bad News For Poachers determined from biological studies. This Until recently wildlife law enforcement Protective Legislation, National Audubon "biological opinion" was used to convince agencies have had to rely on catching poach- Society, and National Wildlife Federation Congress to exempt the University from ers and smugglers in the act in order to helped convince Congress to appropriate the National Environmental Policy Act. ensure successful prosecution in court. The $4.5 million to build the facility. The The rider sets a dangerous precedent by National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Labo- operation is staffed by 10 forensic scien- which other organizations may also sub- ratory in Ashland, Oregon, however, now tists and nine other employees. Ken God- vert the law. offers wildlife agents and customs officials dard, the director, was originally hired by Judge Marquez stated that although a new advantage in the fight to stop such the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1979 Congress is not obligated to reconsider its illegal activities. to design a forensics branch for the agency. decision, "what's the harm in saying there Forensic science, a method of applying The scientists have access to state-of-the- are some very serious issues scientific facts to legal problems, has helped art technology like an electron microscope, here...Congress, why don't you take an- law enforcement agencies fight crime for useful in matching firearms to shell cas- other look at it?" many years. When applied to wildlife, this ings. They also hope to acquire a mass Mauna Kea in Hawaii, which already has science may help prove, for example, a spectrometer to help determine if certain an observatory, has been named as an alter- bullet taken from a dead animal came from poisons or pesticides were used to kill an native site, but the organizations involved, a poacher's rifle or link blood and fur animal. which include the Smithsonian Institution, samples on a hunter's clothing to an endan- In an interview with Sports Illustrated, the Max Planck Institute and the Vatican, gered species. Customs officials may prove Goddard stated, "The people working in have refused to change their plans because that confiscated ivory came from an Afri- our laboratory are among the pioneers in development on Mount Graham is deemed can elephant or that a leather pocketbook this field. Fifty, 100 years down the road, less costly. was made from the skin of a sea turtle. people are going to be referencing basic In a letter addressed to the Arizona Daily The Wildlife Forensics Lab was estab- work done in this lab." Star more than a third of the faculty and lished in 1988 after the Society for Animal
13 4/57 O I S
Biden and Boxer Call for Dolphin Protection By Law
Senator Joseph Biden and Congress- United States fleet ac- woman Barbara Boxer, chief sponsors of counted for an estimated tuna labeling bills, point to the fact that ninety percent of the dol- foreign fleets now kill four times as many phins killed in tuna fish- dolphins as U.S. purse seiners. The "Dol- ing operations. The law phin Protection Consumer Information Act made clear that our nation of 1990" (S.2044), similar to the bill intro- was willing to bear the duced to the House last fall by Congress- burden of reducing those woman Barbara Boxer (HR 2926), requires mortalities. that all products from tuna fish caught by "But as the law was methods that kill dolphins, be labeled as implemented, two changes such. It also states that all other tuna occurred. First, the goal products may be labeled "dolphin safe". of zero mortality was The United States is the world's largest pushed further and further consumer of tuna fish, therefore S.2044 into the future. Exemp- could effectively influence foreign fleets tions and delays were since tuna imported to the U.S. would be granted to an industry that subject to labeling requirements. promised solutions were The H.J. Heinz Company, whose volun- just around the corner." Eastern Tropical Pacific Spinner Dolphins, victims of purse seines. tary labeling is described on the front page, He continued, "Second, supports the legislation whose rationale is the foreign fleet's role well described in Senator Biden's remarks grew, accounting for an even greater pro- "Consumers have indicated that they are when he first introduced the bill. "Passage portion of the dolphin deaths. Foreign willing to put their pocketbook decisions to of the Marine Mammal Protection Act boats now account for roughly eighty per- work for the environment," Mr. i e stated. nearly two decades ago represented a mile- cent of annual dolphin deaths from tuna "This week's Fortune magazine cover story stone in wildlife legislation. At the time the fishing operations." documents the rise in environmental con- siderations in purchasing decisions. Fortune's headline calls it `the biggest busi- ness issue of the 1990s.' A public policy expert quoted in the article calls environ- Explosives Banned From mental purchasing factors 'the most impor- tant issue for business.' Clearly, we have a Dolphin Round-Ups tool available today which was unavailable and unthought of in 1972. It is time to The National Marine Fisheries Service wild. It was also found that those vessels modernize the existing program. (NMFS) has decided to prohibit the United which use the explosives do not catch any "Labeling tuna cans will not be an unduly States tuna fleet from detonating "seal" more tuna than those which do not. Ten of complex operation. Industry already num- bombs, explosives similar to M-80 devices, the 26 boats in the U.S. fleet used the bers each can of tuna, to facilitate tracking near schools of dolphin that swim with bombs in 1989. An average of 200 bombs when problem shipments occur. Arguments tuna. The ban took effect on April 1. were used when a set was made on dol- that labeling the cans is impossible or too Foreign tuna fleets have 180 days to com- phins but in one case about 600 were burdensome do not wash. In fact, one ply with the ruling or face an embargo of exploded. analysis of the impact of the labeling pro- tuna imports. Amendments to the Marine Mammal posal estimated that it would require the Seal bombs are used by many fishermen Protection Act in 1988 authorized the tracking of the equivalent of only 220 tuna to herd dolphins and tuna into a tighter Secretary of Commerce to prohibit or re- fishing boat trips. That is well within our school, easier to encircle with their mile- strict use of the explosives by April 1 of capability." Over the past twenty years long purse-seine nets. A NMFS study this year, unless it was determined the six million dolphins have been killed in the determined that seal bombs can cause bombs did not physically impair dolphins. purse seine nets of tuna fishermen. Unless physical injury to dolphins, especially to The agency opened a 30 day public com- they get the protection they need 100,000 their vital sense of hearing, which signifi- ment period on the interim final rule before more could die this year at the hands of the cantly reduces their ability to survive in the issuing a final ruling. international fleet.
4 Dolphin Capture Scandal Steel Jaw Traps continued from page 1 Despite protests, aquarium takes two dolphins from wild excluded from importation into the Euro- pean Community on or before January 1992. In late November 1989, a team from the per". The dolphins themselves were in Three monographs on existing trapping National Aquarium in Baltimore captured poor health and refusing to eat. Aquarium methods have been prepared by the Animal four wild dolphins from the waters around spokespersons however, claimed the dol- Welfare Institute: The Role of Cage and Tampa Bay, Florida. Two were soon re- phins were "doing fine". Box Traps in Modern Trapping, The Role leased while the other two were moved to a DNR decided not to press charges, stat- of Spring Powered Killing Traps in Mod- resort in the Keys. The immediate public ing there was no apparent criminal intent ern Trapping and The Role of Legsnares outcry, political maneuvering and media on the aquarium's part. Martinez then in Modern Trapping. Many of the traps de- coverage following the capture has contin- directed his cabinet to prepare legislation scribed cause far less pain and injury than ued for months, peaking in mid-February that would put new restrictions on the the cruel steel jaw leghold trap. The mono- when one of the dolphins died. capture and transport of dolphins from state graphs clearly demonstrate the practicality The Aquarium originally intended to waters. of banning this trap in the United States, capture nine dolphins from Charlotte Har- The National Aquarium's exhibit will Canada and the Soviet Union just as it has bor, Florida for display in its new marine open this June with dolphins leased or been banned in 63 other countries. mammal exhibit. Several public demon- purchased from several other aquariums strations blocked the capture attempt in and marine mammal facilities. Nicholas Charlotte Harbor. The aquarium's team, Brown, the aquarium's director, stated he directed by Jay Sweeney, the largest sup- eventually expects to replace those animals Bequests to the Animal plier of dolphins and whales to aquariums, with wild caught ones because they could Welfare Institute then took its operation to Tampa Bay. be bred more successfully and wild cap- Once the dolphins were captured they tures are less expensive. The dolphin To all of you who would like to help assure were trucked to Hawk's Cay resort in the remaining in Hawk's Cay is supposedly in the Animal Welfare Institute's future Keys. It was at this time Florida Governor good condition and may be moved to Bal- through a provision in your will, this gen- Bob Martinez began his crusade to save the timore later in the year.The Aquarium is a eral form of bequest is suggested: dolphins. Martinez declared that the publicly owned facility and a large portion "I give, devise and bequeath to the Animal aquarium's transport of the dolphins from of the funds for the new marine mammal Welfare Institute, a not-for-profit corpora- Tampa to Hawk's Cay was illegal because exhibit have come from city and state tax- tion located in Washington, D.C. the sum a state-issued permit was restricted to payers. of $ and/or (specifically described Charlotte Harbor. He asked the Florida This is the aquarium's second attempt to property) Department of Natural Resources (DNR) keep dolphins in captivity. In 1982 three to press charges against the aquarium. dolphins had to be removed from the aquar- We welcome any inquiries you may have. Meanwhile, more public demonstrations ium when they developed stomach ulcers. In cases where you have specific wishes protesting the captivity of the dolphins A report by the aquarium's former chief of about the disposition of your bequest, we began in earnest at Hawk's Cay. Two men medicine stated that those dolphins' illness suggest you discuss such provisions with were arrested when they jumped into the resulted from keeping them in a small tank your attorney. dolphin pen in an attempt to free the ani- which failed to provide the animals enough Animal Welfare Institute mals. One was Rick O'Bany who trained space to separate themselves from large Post Office Box 3650 the dolphins for the television show "Flip- crowds of visitors. Washington, D.C. 20007
Animal Welfare Institute i ec o s O ice s International Committee Staff Ma e ei e eme ma s C is i e S e e s, esi e A i e e A u a, .M. . Me ico Wi iam Co eau, esea c Associa e Cy ia Wi so , ice esi e .G. A ikas, .M. . G eece osi a Eck, A mi is a i e Assis a Ge a e a , . . o Commu ica io s Ma o ie Cooke Ma o ie Cooke, Sec e a y Am assa o a a ak usai ia e a e so , esea c Associa e C is a e Goug oge . S e e s, easu e a g a es o a m A ima s a i 0. i A ge a Ki g U i e Ki g om e y e emia , u ica io s Coo i a o Sue o i gswo Scientific Committee Simo Muc i u Ke ya y e u c iso , ee o G. ewe , . Ma o ie A c e , . . a i ica o Ca a a W a e Cam aig Coo i a o o e ewe , A mi is a i e Assis a C is i e S e e s e e e y, M. . Go o e o S u i C i e M s. umi iko ogo a a Ca y iss, esea c Associa e Ai ee ai . a a a O a s, . . e aug o , Mai O e Sec e a y Cy ia Wi so oge ay e, . . K aus es e gaa , . . G e a i sso , Wi i e Co su a Samue eacock, M. . e ma k y ia Swa , esea c Assis a o Wa s , M. . A e ey Ya oko U.S.S. a cy Wei s ock, C e ica Assis a
International Animal Dealer Jailed Importation of Monkeys Banned On March 14, 1990, a major international suggests that the President of Equatorial continued from page 12 wild animal dealer, Walter Sensen, was Guinea, be requested to join the Conven- M. Hirsch, a researcher at Georgetown sentenced to two years in jail and, for the tion on International Trade in Endangered University, has said that a relative of the third time, prohibited from trading in wild- Species (CITES) and provide the nation's AIDS virus transmitted by the Sooty life in West Germany. Sensen was famous wildlife with complete legal protection Mangabey is responsible for the spread of for illegal trafficking in endangered great against export. The arrest and imprison- the simian immunodeficiency virus in U.S. apes. ment of Walter Sensen in West Germany laboratories due to improper isolation of The International Primate Protection should be drawn to President Mbasogo's at- different primate species, and that human League (IPPL) has been responsible for tention with a request that the Sensen firm interference with these animals is respon- uncovering a series of illicit activities by be asked to leave the country. sible for an AIDS-like epidemic among this dealer, including export of three goril- ACTION: Write to: people in Africa. las insured for a total of $450,000, two of General Obiang Nguema Mbasogo For the primates currently held in U.S. whom died en route to Taipei Zoo in Tai- Malabo, Bioko-Norte laboratories, the outlook is grim. Those wan in 1987. In 1989, Sensen managed to Republica de Guinea Equatorial that do not succumb to one of the myriad get two gorillas into Mexico as his "per- Equatorial Guinea, Africa diseases man exposes them to in captivity sonal luggage" and to sell them may well be denied kind treat- to the Guadalajara Zoo for ment by their handlers because $130,000. of fear induced by the recently Nuremberg police discovered Alternatives Encouraged recognized viral outbreaks. numerous violations of West The Food and Drug Administra- German law after a search war- O Ma c , 0 oc o a Gam e ( &G a ou ce e g a e tion prohibits its investigators rant was issued and his business ci ie s o i s 0 U i e si y A ima A e a i es esea c og am records were examined. Sensen (UAA . is is a com e i i e g a s og am i e e o e cou age from even entering non-human was charged with illegal impor- u i e si y esea c e s i e io ogica scie ces o e e o ew me primate rooms. This eliminates tation of coatimundis, herons, o s o e icacy a sa e y es i g a e imi a e o e uce e use o one of the inspections that used tree porcupines and other threat- a ima s, o w ic a e ess s ess u o a ima s. Awa s a e o a to help protect primates in labo- ened species. ma imum o i y ousa o a s, gi e o ee esea c e s e yea . ratories. Handlers of non-hu- IPPL fears that Sensen will &G as ma e a o a commi me o $4 0,000 a ua y o is man primates need to remember og am. e ee awa wi e s is yea a o esea c i ce that animals which are not bored leave West Germany after his cu u es as e aceme a e a i es o e use o a ima s i es i g. jail term is up to continue busi- ese esea c e s ocus o a e a i es o e mos ai u uses o or psychopathic and are treated ness with his son, who lives in a ima s i es i g ai a e ia io , i a a io o ico ogy, a e a with kindness are not nearly as Equatorial Guinea. The Sensen isease ea me . is og am is a o &G s o e a e o o likely to bite as ill treated ani- firm, African Animal Export, is a a ce scie i ic a egu a o y acce a ce o a e a i e me o s. mals perpetually confined to headquartered there, and IPPL small non-stimulating cages.
Animal Welfare Institute o o i O g. Post Office Box 3650 U.S. OS AGE Washington, D.C. 20007 AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00
16 Y•t E A IMA WE A E I S I U E QUA E Y
P.O. BOX 3650 WASHINGTON, DC 20007 SUMMER 1990 O . 39 NO. 2 EIA Campaigns For Threats to the Survival of Whales and Dolphins Dolphin Protection y oge ay e been entirely discredited. The reason that When the Save-the-Whales movement this step is so necessary, even in the face of what may seem to many to be such a thor- The London and Washington based Envi- began about 33,000 whales were being ronmental Investigation Agency (EIA) has killed annually. Today about 300 whales ough triumph, is that the IWC Scientific launched a new campaign to obtain inter- are killed annually. Together we have Committee provides a forum which though frustrating is, in fact, much more sophisti- national protection for all dolphins, por- stopped about 99% of the killing. It is poises and small whales, known as small certainly one of the biggest success stories cated than most, if not all, of the other international fishery and wildlife treaties. cetaceans, to prevent uncontrolled kills from of the environmental movement. In spite The kinds of arguments about management all over the world from threatening them of this success, however, there is still im- which the above mentioned scientists are with extinction or severe depletion. portant unfinished business to be attended continued on page 13 The EIA wants the International Whal- to inside the forum of the ing Commission (IWC) to assume respon- International Whaling sibility for the 65 species of dolphins, por- Commission's Scien- poises and small whales which presently tific Committee. The have no international protection. The IWC crucial work of Justin has , until now, only acted to stop the killing Cooke, Bill de la Mare, of the ten species of large whales. Sidney Holt and others According to a new report by EIA, "The in establishing that the Global War Against Small Cetaceans", techniques of managing many nations within the IWC are playing this fishery are inher- "The Politics of Extinction" by preventing rently unable to produce international controls from being agreed to the desired results needs by the IWC. Many nations, like Japan, to be continued and Norway, Denmark, Spain, Mexico and other worked through until Latin American countries have opposed the best arguments of IWC controls over dolphin killings be- the so-called scientists A female humpback nudges her calf towards the surface for a breath. cause of the massive slaughters of these who take the opposite Because the milk fat of a nursing mother contains toxins, her calf may highly intelligent creatures. side of this case have start life with a concentration of PCBs greater than its mother. Investigators from EIA have amassed a wealth of information about uncontrolled small cetacean kills all over the world and believe that at least 500,000 are being killed e e i a ia s ake S a Agai s S ee aw a each year, although this is probably a A resolution which states, "The American trauma incurred. The Association hopes minimal figure. Animal Hospital Association opposes the that trappers will switch from steel jaw The teams have visited Japan, Peru and use of the steel jaw leghold trap on the traps to other types of traps which are the Danish-owned Faroe Islands in recent grounds that its use is cruel and inhumane", readily available and which do not inflict months to document some of the most was passed by the Board of Directors of the such extensive damage. uncontrolled dolphin and small whale kills AAHA. The Board of Directors believes that it is in the world. In Japan, EIA revealed that The AAHA, an organization of small difficult for organized veterinary medicine fishermen are hunting to extinction two animal practitioners, is to be congratulated to take a proactive position on animal regional populations of Dall's porpoise. for taking a strong stand against steel jaw welfare on the one hand, while failing to Around 67% of the populations have been traps, which inflict excruciating pain and take a stand on the steel jaw leghold trap, caught between 1986 and 1988 according injury on animals. Countless dogs and cats which is clearly considered to be inhumane to several distinguished Japanese scien- are caught in these traps and require ampu- by the majority of practicing veterinarians. continued on page 16 tation of a limb because of the physical o mo e o a i g see ages 2 a
I E O ECYC E A E A I G
uma e G ou s se a k you o Mem e s o e Eu o ea Survey Shows Most Veterinarians a iame o ei e o s agai s s ee aw eg o a s Oppose Steel Jaw Leghold Trap O May 4 , e o owi g e e was se y e A ima We a e I s i u e o eac o e Mem e s o e Eu o ea a iame : In order to document injuries caused by steel jaw leghold traps, the Animal Welfare Institute sent a questionnaire to veterinarians in O e a o e u e sig e a ima o ec i e o ga i a io s, I [we] Illinois, Michigan, New York, Texas, North Dakota, Washington and wis o e ess a ecia io o e su o o e Eu o ea a iame a Commissio o a a o im o a io o u om a ima s caug i Louisiana. The survey asked veterinarians if they had treated animals s ee aw eg o a s. is a as ee co em e o i s e eme caught in leghold traps, and if so, they were asked how many animals, c ue y y e E i o me Commi ee o e Eu o ea a iame , whether they were cats, dogs or wild animals. Comments on injuries ec oi g e o i io o C a es a wi w o w o e, "I is sca ce y os and treatment were requested. Finally veterinarians were asked if they si e o e agge a e e su e i g us e u e om ea , om acu e supported or opposed use of this trap. An overwhelming percentage, ai , ma e e y i s , a y ai a em s o esca e." 79.3% of the 936 veterinarians responding, opposed steel jaw leghold e s ee aw eg o a is co em e y scie is s w o a e traps. o se e e ysica auma o e a e a ima s a y uma i a i The survey confirmed the non-selective nature of steel jaw traps, a s oug ou e wo . Mo e a si y cou ies a e a e i s since more than 4,000 injuries or deaths of domestic animals and other use. u i e U i e S a es e a io a a e s Associa non-target wildlife were re- io ( A as owe o ig o kee i . e A esi e corded. Non-target victims w i es i s mem e s a "G ou s a a e a i io a y included Bald and Golden e ese e ou i e es s i Eu o e...a e gi i g u o e Eagles, Great Horned Owls, eg o a ...We mus use e e y mea s o kee essu e o Red-Tailed Hawks, calves, u i e o osa is wi aw i e EEC." fawns, deer, colts, lambs, e Eu o ea Commu i y s o ose im o a is o goats, geese and ducks. e o mous sig i ica ce ecause, a oug mo e a ee Comments from these qua e s o e Ame ica u ic s o g y o ose use o is veterinarians included the a , owe u i us y essu e as, so a , ee a e o following: ock e ac me o e e a egis a io i e U i e S a es. Co g essma ames Sc eue ( , Y , w o as a esse "Leghold traps inflict some e a iame a y I e g ou o A ima We a e o a i g of the worst, ugliest strangulation type leg wounds I see. I cannot a as isi e e a iame o se e a occasio s, as ei o uce imagine any greater terror for an animal than to be captured in one of is i o e e use o e s ee aw eg o a o a ima s i e U i e S a es. We wou e a y o se you a co y o e i a you these devices." eques . • E c ose a e ee mo og a s, ca e u y esea c e y a ou "Usually swollen foot, leg, possible infection, amputation, dehydra- s a i g au o i y. e ma y i e e a s a e i us a e a ie y tion, various states of fever, hypothermia." esc i e o easy e e e ce. E E IS O EE O WAI O • YEA S O I E A S A A E A ESS C UE A "The bones were broken, the wounds were infected and some were E S EE AW EG O A . EY A EA Y E IS . E maggot infested." S EE AW EG O A COU E A E I E U I E • S A ES, CA A A A E USS US AS I AS EE A E "The metacarpals were fractured, the wound was open and infected. I 6 O E COU IES. A I E A O A I E A E S The cat had been shot between the eyes and her lower jaw was EE O E A E SE Y A EC E . shattered." We, e u e sig e a io a , s a e a oca uma e o ga i a io s • wi e ese a io om eac o e 0 s a es a eyo , es ec u y "Multiple fractures - often making amputation or euthanasia the most eques a you o a i you owe o e su e a a s o g egu a io humane course of treatment. Occasionally repair of the limb is is a o e y e Eu o ea Commissio a a i e u i o e ec y 2. E e y yea o e ay mea s ou s, ays o e e weeks o se e e possible, but expensive." o u e o mi io s o ig y se si i e a ima s: a es ima e 6 8 mi • io i e U i e S a es a mi io i Ca a a. "I have also treated a cat caught for at least several days with a broken ease acce ou ee a ecia io o you ki assis a ce. front leg. The cat died from shock and gross infection." ecause we k ow ow imi e you ime is, we o o e ec you o • a swe is e e . We e a y, o cou se, o a swe a y ques io s "One dog treated was in severe state of shock, dehydration, starvation you may a e. (had been in trap approximately 6 days). Despite extensive treatment animal died....I have had to amputate entire legs, portions of a foot and Su ey co uc e y Ya e U i e si y o e U.S. is a Wi i e (just last week) the distal 1/3 of the tongue on a dog all due to steel jaw Se ice. traps. I have seen dogs which have chewed through wire and drug the trap for 2 miles to return home. I also have a client who told of finding e e e as ee e o se y 2 0 a ima o ec io o ga i a io s. her dog dead about 100 yards from her house. The animal had died trying to return home. I am strongly opposed to steel jaw traps."
2 4 s o TRAPPING
Environmental Committee Approves Ban on Furs Caught in Steel Jaw Traps
The Environment Committee of the Eu- tinuing suffering for the trapped animals; ropean Parliament on April 25 approved a 2) They are unselective, i.e. they can also ban on importation of furs caught in steel trap species of animals which are facing ex- jaw leghold traps. The Committee was re- tinction or which are protected for other sponding to a proposal of the European reasons (domestic pets). Such animals Commission (COM(89)198), a regulation suffer such injuries that they rarely survive banning the import of furs from certain even when released. species of animals originating in countries Five members of the European Parlia- where leghold traps are still in use. ment (MEP's) went to Canada in search of Mary Banotti, Chair of the Parliament's information on that country's trapping. Mrs. Intergroup on Animal Welfare and rap- Banotti stated "Representatives of the in- porteur on the trapping issue, stated the digenous peoples expressed what we are reasons for action against the traps. convinced is a genuine desire to eliminate 1) They usually cause severe and con- the leghold traps from native trapping. She
A recreational trapper killing a coyote caught Skunk Contraception Studied in a leghold trap. Photographed on Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in Washington. In last summer's Quarterly, the Animal females produced litters. These results Welfare Institute reported on the progress indicate that this approach to skunk con- o o y a ie Ke ey of a pilot research project on contracep- traception is effective and suggests that emphasized "indigenous peoples' tradi- tion in skunks, being conducted by Dr. population control may be feasible tional respect for animals." The steel jaw Jay F. Kirkpatrick, of Eastern Montana through fertility control. leghold trap was imposed upon them. College in Billings. The project was The implants, known commercially as The Environment Committee voted to designed to find a way to non-lethally Norplant, were designed for use in hu- set December 31, 1994 as the effective date control urban skunk populations through mans, where they have a contraceptive of the ban. The proposal by Anita Pollack fertility control. In that study wild skunks life of five years. If they are effective for and Carlos Pimenta to substitute 1992 was were live trapped and given small im- five years in skunks, it is unlikely that an not accepted. However, the Committee ap- plants of a contraceptive hormone. Only implanted female skunk will breed even proved Mrs. Pollack's motion that until the four of the treated skunks were eventu- once throughout her life. The ease with import ban takes effect, the European ally recovered but none were pregnant. which these implants can be placed in Community shall implement an interim fur These results were promising enough to live trapped skunks and the implants long labelling scheme to indicate which furs continue with a controlled clinical ex- life, coupled with life expectancies for have been derived from animals trapped in periment with captive skunks. skunks may provide urban animal con- the wild. Also approved were amendments by Mrs. Carne Bickle, a graduate student work- trol personnel with an effective non-le- Pollack: ing with Dr. Kirkpatrick, placed Norplant thal method of controlling populations. 1) that trapping research not delay the eradi- implants in 19 captive female skunks. The results will be presented at the Sec- cation of cruel trapping methods and 2) the The implants are placed in the lightly an- ond International Conference on Fertil- Community be ensured public freedom of esthetized skunks non-surgically, with a ity Control in Wildlife, in Melbourne, access to all documentation on trapping large hypodermic needle. The process is Australia, in November. research and the development of interna- simple and can be carried out by almost Ms. Bickle will next attempt to under- tionally agreed humane trapping standards. anyone with 30 minutes of training. The stand the precise physiological mecha- The vote in the European Parliament's females were placed with fertile males nisms by which Norplant inhibits repro- plehary session on these recommendations during the February/March breeding duction in skunks and Dr. Kirkpatrick is is expected to take place in Strasbourg, July season. Ms. Bickle reported in June that already planning actual population stud- 10. The European Commission will then none of the 19 treated skunks produced ies involving this method of skunk fertil- take the Parliament's proposals into con- litters, while two skunks given implants ity control. The Animal Welfare Insti- sideration before sending the regulation to without the contraception hormone were tute was one of four sponsors for this re- the Council of Ministers. both pregnant, and 65 of 108 untreated search.
3 4( A O A O Y A IMA S
Judge Orders the Release of Dogs From Inhumane Research Laboratory in Argentina The Association for the Defence of Animals' Rights (ADDA) in Argentina has prevailed in a court suit to win freedom for thirteen dogs inhumanely maintained in a research laboratory. Judge Omar Faciuto authorized ADDA to act as owner of the homeless dogs. ADDA had repeat- . edly received an- onymous com- plaints about the pitiful condition of the dogs confined to small dirty cages, given little food and frequently no wa- ter over weekends. They were forced to sit on their own ex- is ema e og was a o e su ge y o ec . crement and iso- lated from any con- cular and gastro-intestinal procedures unlikely to succeed under tact except when the unsanitary conditions described. Several of the protocols men- undergoing the ex- tion a close working relationship with a surgical supply company. perimental surgery The Judge accompanied by a police veterinarian personally for which they were visited the Unit. Following his inspection, according to theBuenos used. The opera- Aires Herald, March 13, Judge Faciuto ordered the dogs to be re- Dr. io e i o Sa gui e i w o was es o si e tions were highly moved and the lab to be closed down. The dogs were put in a kennel o e e ime a su ge y o e a ima s. invasive cardiovas- pending placement in good homes.
AAAS Annual Meeting Data Collection Made Easy While Experimental Subjects Try to Save Themselves From Drowning The annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, (AAAS), 14-19 Febru- Columbus Instruments International Corporation advertises in its catalogue ary, 1990, in New Orleans, Louisiana included a day "TV image digitizer measures rat behavior in water maze". A researcher using long session on animal use in biomedical research. this device turns on the computer, drops the rat in the water, and then leaves. Reporters, noting a total lack of speakers representing Columbus Instruments enthusiastically describes the labor saving advantages animal welfare, raised the issue of bias in the program, of its product: "This system will allow you to automate your maze studies. Your but were told that AAAS is an advocacy group with no entire experiment setup, in- need for discussion of the topic. cluding the zone map, can Although the number of scientists in attendance was be saved and reused, al- small, special interest groups were in evidence, most lowing you to collect con- startingly Mary Lou Sapone, representing Perceptions sistent and repeatable re- Press, Inc.. Ms. Sapone gained considerable notoriety sults. Your data will in- as an advisor and confidant of Fran Trutt who recently clude not only how long it pled nolo contendre to charges of laying a pipe bomb next to the parking place of US Surgical's president (for took the animal to reach details see AWI Quarterly, vol. 38 no. 1). Ms. Sapone the goal, but the total dis- worked undercover in order to gain the confidence of tance traveled and how far Ms. Trutt and recorded their phone conversations. She it traveled while in each also frequented animal rights meetings where she of- zone of the zone map. In fered money and suggested illegal actions to those short, the studies will not present. only be more reliable than But at the AAAS meeting, she dropped her mask and with a human observer, but addressed the panel with a question on animal rights will also provide more among undergraduates. comprehensive data".
4 A O A O Y A IMA S Cr t r f rt r th p rt nt f A r lt r n l lf r ff rt , d l f r l tt r rd: 04 A. y Gwe u i s ei wo ks. o ems i s su ace i Se em e , equi eme s o e e cise o ogs, as e e 88, o a ou ee mo s a e US A su mi e y a a e i g e e i a ia i acco i o e se e ce i a e a i e y o scu e 8 mi e a o ose egu a io s o OI A o a ce wi ge e a s a a s omu ga e y e o o a esi e ia ask o ce. (" ea , e iew. e Sec e a y." sa e y a e i o me a egu a io s s ou A ima we a e g ou s say e ayi g ie As a esu , e o ose egu a io s se a a ess e s a e a mea s." A o e c a ge w e o owi , ow a a o ey wi mi imum o 0 mi u es a ay o e e cise. o o me OM (O ice o Ma ageme a u ge Mye so , Ku & S e e , was i e y e su o a equi eme , e o ose egu a o icia i e y a i e es g ou . (Mic ae Ame ica Cou ci o E uca io o e a o io s o e a "[ ] e co se sus o [age cy] o owi , o ce ge e a cou se . S i . a s mem e u i e si ies a use a ima s i e e i e e i a ia s wi ai i g a e e ie ce i e e o mu a co coc e y e iome ica e me s. A so a mem e i e i m is o e ca e o ogs is a 0 mi u es o ai y e e cise sea c commu i y o scu e e e a egu a io e e , w o e OI A i 86 a e se e a is a easo a e mi imum o mai e a ce o a o ow i s mem e s ea a ima s i ei e e i yea s as e u y a mi is a o . og s ea a we ei g." ( e e a egis me s. W i e ew cou a gue wi e ac s goa s o e , Ma c , 8 , . 0 0 A eas mi io a ima s a e use i a o a mo e uma e ea me o a o a o y a ima s, es i e e a guage o e ame me s, o y e e ime s eac yea , acco i g o e esea c commu i y, wi o owi s e , i us y g ou s c aim a e egu a io s a e Co g ess s O ice o ec o ogy Assessme . ou a way o e ec e iscussio om a oo s eci ic. e age cy "is goi g a ou is i A ou 8 e ce a e a s a m ice e o e o some i g mo e u eauc a ic e egu a o y a way we ca e gi ee i g s a a s i s ea o e ce a e ca s, ogs, mo keys, ams e s, a oac US A c ose. e success u ack gi i g us esi e e o ma ce," com ai s e gui ea igs, a o e commo omes ic A . "Ou w o e o ec i e is o mai ai a ima s. .g ea y, e a io a y o ma ogs, u ow e sis e y a co i io s i a o a o is is accom is e s ou e e u o ies e Co g ess o ame e A ima • e e e i a ia s es o si e." We a e Ac i 8 o i s uc e U i e g I u , owe e , e egu a io s o S a es e a me o Ag icu u e (US A I ea e e s eci ics u o a o a o y e e i o se mi imum s a a s o e uma e • a ia s. o e am e, e o osa oes a i g, ousi g, ca e, ea me a • o s eci y ow ogs a e su ose o e a s o a io o ose a ima s. u i a e e cise o y e amou o ime ey i i g egu a io s o im eme ose a e o e e cise, o a e e o io o c a ges as u e i o a Sisy ea ask e e cise. I a i io , e egu a io s gi e o US A. Eac ime e age cy ocee s se e a e e cise o io s as e am es, u o a ew e e o e iew a OM s O ice o ..,.. rt ge e a y ea e e e ai s u o e a o I o ma io a egu a o y A ai s (0 A , e a o ies. "[ ] e me o o y e o e e cise e same issues su ace o se i ack o These little chimpanzees are deprived of "a physical e e e mi e y e a e i g e e i a squa e o e. environment adequate to promote psychological well-being ia a may co sis o o e o mo e me e o ose egu a io swe e i s u ofnon-humanprimates" mandated by the ImprovedStandards o s," e o ose egu a io s s a e. ( . is e , u e cou o e , i Ma c , 8 . for Laboratory Animals amendments, because selfish 0 0 industrial interests have blocked implementation of the law. u ey a a guis e o ea y eig e e e ess, o OI A a e mo s o e iew a OI A. W i e a ima W i e ouse a e ec oe i us y s com we a e a oca es iewe e o osa as o y ake y esea c g ou s was o c i ici e e ai s a ou e egu a io ei g oo esc i e a e mi imum, ey s i wa e o see egu a io s as esc i i g "e gi ee i g" co i e a e ai e . o a e a so su o e some i g im eme e . So e A ima ega o s o com ia ce a e a esc i i g e ei osi io y quo i g om e same age o e e se u (A we o cou o o ce esi e " e o ma ce" a ea i g i u o a o eaga A mi is a io egu a o y Ac ie e e ease o e egu a io s. a o ies o e e mi e ei ow way o com y me s, o Augus , 8 , e o o e esi e u ow US A is ack w e e i s a e i g. ia ask o ce o egu a o y e ie . agai . I mi A i , OI A e u e a a o e e egu a io s " ai a e y e ai e ic u e I is A i 6, 0 e e o Ag icu u e i a u e o US A o " eco si e a io " u i g o a o a o y a ima ca e," com ai s a i us Sec e a y C ay o Yeu e , om eyw o e:"[ ] e i o o . OI A s ac io s came o e ee s o y a e g ou , e a io a Associa io o s a a s ... a e e gi ee i g a e a e a e e om esi e us s scie ce a iso , iome ica esea c ( A , Was i g o , .C. o ma ce ase s a a s a wi e e ao . A a om ey, c i ici i g e o osa , as " ey e you oi y oi a a s w a we i a i y e e si e. I am a so i o me a e e OI A a e o e, o aki g e w o g a o ec o." is o scie i ic e i e ce a e o ose s a oac . o ack u i s oi , i us y o e si g es ou a s wi im o e a ima we a e." e s um i g ock US A as i ea o is e egu a io s equi eme s o e e cise a I e e e , om ey u ge Yeu e o eco we o ga i e o osi io wi i si e e W i e socia i a io o ogs. e 8 ame me s si e e s a a s i ig o " e gui a ce o ouse co ec io s a k ow e ge o ow OI A s a e a egu a io s s ou se "mi imum e esi e s egu a o y ask o ce, c ai e
5 4 y e ice esi e us ( egu a o y o icy io Age cy s (E IA ow i amous as Gui e i e o. a : ... ea , sa e y, a es os u emaki g. OI A essu e e i o me a egu a io s s ou a ess e s E A i o iscou i g e a ue o e a e a mea s." uma i es e u e wou sa e o I ea i y, om ey s comme s i i e mo e skew e cos e e i a a ysis a a ei e a e com ai s, i s aise y i us make e u e ess ike y o ass e y, e aise y OI A mo e a a yea ea ie es . u i g egu a o y e iew. u ey a so a e I is case, OI A co i ue ask e s a a s og ess. i g US A o mo e i o ma io o I a e e a e e e ay, Ac i g OI A su o e u emaki g, es i e e A mi is a o ames . Mac ae o owe u o ac a a Se em e , 88, e e om ey s e e , o i g "we ag ee wi om OI A s Mac ae o US A ma e i c ea OI A s o om i e a i [ om ey s] co ce s." u Mac ae s e e Congress mandated exercise for laboratory dogs in 1985 but a so a e : Wi e a a e ee o o ai oug e s a a s we e oo e NABR lobbying has held up the regulations to this day. g ea e scie i ic us i ica io a a i a io o sc i i e. Ye , e e e i ec e US A e egu a o y a e a i e ... se ec e , i a ea s o im o e (i.e. c a ge o OI A s iki g i s cos age cy s o iga io s ese s e mos se ious ema u e o [US A] o a e su mi e is e e i a a ysis y qua i yi g " e i i ec o e ay i e omu ga io o ese u es." Mi e s a u e o ... e iew." o u i y cos s o e egu a io s o iome ica e e ume . "I wou sugges you i s uc you e w o e u o e e s com e e y us esea c ." s a o coo e a e wi mi e, so a we mig a e US A w o a e wo ke o e egu a o o so, Mac ae sugges e a US A " is eso e a y i e e ces wi i e E ecu i e io s o mo e a wo yea s, s a a e a e co i u io s o iome ica esea c o a c . O y e ca OM c ea ese egu a io a I s i u es o ea ( I w o we e i uma ea sa e y a a e esu e om io s o u ica io i e e e a egis e ." c ose co su a io o e e egu a io , a a i a ima esea c a esc i e e o e ia u OI A wou e u . I i c u e I AC ma we a e a oca es. e e e s a e a so osses o socie y w e esea c cos s a e i i a e e ai s o e u emaki g. o e am e, a ge e co g essio a s o so s o e ame c ease y e egu a io s." u w a e i i a ua y, 8 , OI A e sua e I AC o me s. o e am e, o me Se a o o ask a s ou a e, acco i g o a ima we es a is a su commi ee o " eso e issues i Me c e ( M o a u e maga i e a e a e a oca es is " ow muc i cos s socie y e o ose egu a io s a a e o co ce o a " e e see a y i g so misi o me a ou w e a a a e i co ec ecause o mis ea I AC mem e age cies." O y a e i OI A e egis a i e ocess" as om ey s e e . me o e e ime a a ima s." i o m US A o e mee i g a e ecisio . e case is a so a s e i g e am e o w a u i g e u emaki g, OI A a so we ou o e ou come o e i a u e may a so ca go w o g u i g OI A egu a o y e iew i s way o so ici o i io s om o e e e a e e o ega ac io i e y e A ima ega u e E ecu i e O e (E.O. 22 : age cies, mos o a y e I e age cy e e e se u (A . I a com ai i e o e ay. sea c A ima Commi ee ( I AC, ase a I . Ma c 4 i e U.S. is ic Cou o e is ic OI A e e o ose a ima we a e egu OI A aske I AC i ec y o c i ici e US A s o Co um ia, A ame OM a i s i ec a io s u e e iew o 228 ays, o e e e e o s, w ic a so us a e US A s a . o , ic a a ma , i a is o e e a s e a o eig mo s. ecause e o e se s o US A com ai e ea y a o e o OI A s o si e o i ega e ay o e s a a s. A so ea i es o OI A egu a o y e iew, OI A ca a ou e ou si e i o eme . " e comme ame i e com ai we e e e a me s wa age cy egu a o y e o s sim y y o i e i o osi io o e egu a io s y e S a e o ea a uma Se ices a Ag icu u e ac i g o em quick y. e a me , w ic co uc s a u s o a ei Sec e a ies, ouis Su i a a C ay Su s a i e i e e e ce. [ iome ica ] esea c , ama ica y i us a es o Yeu e . E.O. 22 oes o o icia y sa c io OI A e ki o u e u eac io s we ca e ec I e com ai , A c a ge a OM , o seco guess o e age cies o e ei su [ is] o o oke," US A w o e i a Se em e , oug E.O. 22 , a a em e o " wa s a i e e iew egu a o y ecisio s. A e a , 88, e e . "We i k you e e o I AC was e wi o Co g ess i e ac i g" e a ima Co g ess e ega es u emaki g au o i y o im o e a i a o ia e." we a e s a a s, as we as " e ay e age cies, o OI A. e 8 A ima We a e I a o ow u e e w i e i Oc o e , e egu a io s omu ga io a im eme a io ." Ac ame me s gi e e Sec e a y o Ag icu Sec e a y o Ag icu u e ic a y g ma e e A asse e a OM s ac io s io a e e u e, o e OM i ec o , au o i y o w i e same oi s o e OM i ec o ames C. Co s i u io s Se a a io o owe s c ause y egu a io s o u em i o e ec . Mi e III. "We e ie e a is i i ia i e was i ocki g " e e ess e ega io o u emaki g isguisi g qua i a i e a a ysis u e cos a ise a wi o a a ce ou commo o au o i y ... o e Sec e a y o [Ag icu u e]." e e i a a ysis. ec i e o e e o me o egu a io s o im e I ea y May, e e a me o us ice, E.O. 22 equi es a a egu a io s e e me e ame me s," y g w o e. e e e e go e me s awye , o ose o e cou i s o socie y ou weig i s cos s. is as a so c i ici e ow muc ime OI A s e iew a e s a a s, a eas o ogs a o a owe OI A, i e guise o qua i a i e cos a ake . uma ima es, e com e e y e ua y, e e i a a ysis, o s ow e og ess o u es Mi e was quick o es o a u y g i . A ie s i es o se a e ue May 2 . ase o qua i a i e g ou s, i c u i g i eo is ace, maki g i c ea a OI A, o US A, om e Go e me I o ma io I si e . u is e y ogy. co o e e u u e o e a ima we a e s a OM Wa c , Co ec icu A e, W, Was i g o , .C. O e e am e is e E i o me a o ec a s. "[C]u e esis a ce o u i i g you 2000 46. e i e wi e missio
6 Aa 0 BIRDS
European Parliament Considering Ban on Wild Caught Bird Trade Trade in exotic wild caught birds should be banned say members of the European Parliament who heard a report from the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA). The briefing was requested by the Parliament's Inter- group on Animal Welfare which heard the presentation on April fifth. Peter Knights of EIA recently completed a study of the trade in wild animals. Focusing on the welfare, dis- ease and conservation problems created by the trade, he pointed to lack of enforcement of existing regulations. Regulations and enforcement are widely divergent in i si owi Europe and with the advent of the single market, the situ- o os A o e: A wi caug i a as ation will deteriorate unless there is drastic action. ucke ou a i s ea e s. e : i ma ke a Although overall figures for the trade in Europe are Mo i o a . a e i s a e sai o e so not available, the United Kingdom alone imports over om ca u ks ou si e. owe e : A ica g ey 180,000 birds each year so the European Economic a o s a e o e o e mos o u a i a e. Community probably represents the largest world mar- ese we e a o i g emises i Se ega . US ket. Countries such as Spain have no regulation of the a a sugges s ey commo y su e ig mo a i y trade and act as loopholes for the unscrupulous traders. Shipments recently intercepted in Belgium revealed that international air transport regu- lations were being completely ignored. One shipment was accompanied by paperwork for Rare Bird Dealers 175 nightingales. Inspection by an animal welfare group revealed that there were in fact 640 birds. Belgian authorities received applications to import over 500,000 birds in one Exploit UK Loophole week in 1987 and the authorities are hopelessly overburdened to carry out basic enforce- ment. Exotic birds facing extinction as a result of Recent work by EIA with the assistance of the Animal Welfare Institute has confirmed illegal trading are being sent through Brit- that most species can now be bred in captivity and that there is extensive breeding to sup- ain for sale abroad. ply the trade. Loopholes in international wildlife trade Also present, supporting a resolution to ban the existing trade in wild birds, were repre- regulations are allowing unscrupulous sentatives of the Eurogroup for Animal Welfare, the International Council for Bird Pres- dealers, seeking lucrative rewards from the ervation, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Royal Soci- exotic pet trade, to operate with impunity. ety for the Protection of Birds. Several Belgian groups had also voiced their support. The Flaws in the rules of the Convention following resolution was signed by 10 MEPs and now goes forward to the full Parliament. on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) were high- • lighted last weekend when four Mo io o a eso u io o e a e i e o ic i s rare great palm cockatoos, ille- e Eu o ea a iame , gally caught in the wild, passed a i g ega o e esu s o a ece su ey through Heathrow from Malta en ca ie ou y e E i o me a I es iga io Age cy route to Oman. o e a e i wi caug a ima s The shipment was organ- a i g ega o e Co e io o I e a io a ized by a British dealer, who can a e i E a ge e S ecies o wi au a a o a (CI ES , im eme e i e EEC y Cou ci egu expect to receive $10,000 for each a io 626 82, a i a icu a o e CI ES Co e bird in Oman, which has no ban e ce eso u io .6 on imports of endangered spe- A. w e eas mi io s o wi i s a e im o e a u cies. a y i o e Eu o ea Commu i y, o ega y a The great palm cockatoos, i ega y, o su y e Eu o ea e a e, native only to northern Australia . w e eas o e e y o e i a is so ee a e ea o a ima s a eo e wi i e Commu i y, and Papua New Guinea, were supplied to ie as a esu o e y a io , s a a io , o e w e eas e a e i e o ic i s is ea e i g e the British dealer by a Maltese birdkeeper c ow i g, ow i g, s ock, c i i g, o e ea i g o su i a o a i c easi g um e o s ecies i e wi , who has another 20 rare Macaws and cocka- isease, ei e io o e o , u i g a s o o E. w e eas o e 0 o i s ecies ke i a ia ies toos on the island. qua a i e, o s o y a e u c ase, ca e success u y e i ca i i y, He bought them in Singapore, a noto- C. ecog i i g a im o e wi caug i s fre- . ca s o e Commissio o Eu o ea Commu i rious stopover point for shipments of en- quently ca y i ec ious iseases, suc as ewcas e s ies o aw u o osa s o a e im o o wi dangered species poached from the wild. isease a si acosis, e e y osi g a isk o e caug i s i o e Commu i y o e e a e. (E ce s om e O se e u e 2 , 0. 7 e —, • c
: _ .s• . , I —, , , . . ‘ C . .. a. cause meat from larger whales is denied the • • • Japanese. It is simply a continuing process I s. • — of over exploitation that started years ago. • • EIA has used its information, film, and • . photographs to build up a campaign to save the remaining Dall's porpoises and press for international protection of all small whales, dolphins and porpoises in the Inter- national Whaling Commission. EIA ' s `Dolphin Friends' campaign has attracted support from across the world, including stars such as Bob Hoskins, Susannah York • and Kenneth Brannagh. Film footage has already been shown on CNN News, British television and has been satellited across the world. EIA directors Allan Thornton and Dave h r d f th ll rp n p n Currey have built up press interest in the UK and the USA by travelling from Lon- by Dave Currey don to Washington DC on their way to "Please don't hurt that dolphin" cried a h n l h d n h n f rv v l. h r t l t d Japan to appeal for an end to the little Japanese girl as she watched men in b d r ld thr h th f h r t t h l l n hunt. The campaign continues wetsuits wading through the bloody water, p n , r d r tl t l r h l n p n . with the release of a new report their knives cutting the throats of dolphins before the IWC meeting in July under the surface. The men looked up and called "The Global War Against immediately stopped the killing. delight at the wonders of dolphins and learn fishermen on 560 boats equipped with hand Small Cetaceans - the IWC and Hours later when the children and other about their habits and their friendliness. harpoons, are coldly and deliberately ex- the Politics of Extinction". It tourists had gone, the men sneaked back to The fishermen are coming under regular ploiting the Dall's porpoises' "friendly" reviews the slaughter of over the bay where the dolphins were trapped. criticism from foreign and local tourists as nature. When these small black and white half a million small whales, dol- Covertly they continued with their killing they quietly continue the extermination of porpoises bow-ride the boats, men with phins and porpoises each year as the tourists slept. a number of local populations of dolphins, hand harpoons throw a steel barbed weapon Photos across the world. This was last year in Japan, a country porpoises and small whales. at the back of a porpoise. A rope plays out A o e: A The crying child in Ja- where the people are just beginning to However, further to the north of Japan, overboard with a float attached, as the boat y ica oa i e steams on to its next victim. When the men o o a a wwi se e a pan represents a new era in a oo s w ic a e ow om e understanding that wildlife is have harpooned as many of the family e e e a o m w i e e a s o oises a e group as possible, they turn back to find the not there simply for exploita- ow i i g. e : ocesse a s o oise so as w a e tion, but there are other reasons wounded animals floating in the sea, clearly mea . e mea is ma i a e a e e e o isguise e ea marked by a float with an identification as e. a s o oises es a so e s u i sausages a e to protect dolphins around the oo . I us a io : ocoe oi es a i uei . world. The message now has to flag. I us a ic is om:Sam i gway, Mam ma s o eSea. 2. cou esy o C a es C. omas, u is e . be understood by the adults in Dall's porpoises are found across the visit. gramme produces a very much lower yield the Japanese government, and delegates to North Pacific where they are killed by drift Nevertheless, the investigation unrav- than in the days of commercial whaling. the IWC. It's time fora new wisdom and far nets and other fishing operations. The two elled the disastrous nature of the hunt. Unfortunately, the Dall's porpoise is only sighted decisions that will protect all whales, regional populations around Japan have Since 1988, eighty of the fishing boats have the most recent victim of over exploitation dolphins and porpoises for generations to been hunted close to extinction with a stag- specialized, armed with these hand har- by Japanese whalers and fishermen. Be- wonder at in years to come. gering 67% of these populations killed in poons and following the migration routes sides wiping out huge numbers of larger Senior Japanese scientists Dr Kasuya the last three years. Japanese scientists have'" of the porpoises throughout the year. The whales over the last few decades, small and Dr Miyashita wrote last year that "we warned their government that they will animals have had no chance of survival. whales, dolphins and porpoises have also have already had the experience of the soon be extinct. Their mutilated bodies are sold through the been threatened. Tens of thousands of great whale population falling below the In March and April 1990, the Environ- fish markets to wholesaling companies, or striped dolphins were killed each year in (sustainable) level, it will take tens of years mental Investigation Agency (EIA) sent directly to large whaling companies. Japan in the 1950's, 60's and 70's, but very to recover. There are a few dolphins with a two investigators to Japan to gather infor- The meat is often processed into "whale" few are caught today. The coastal popula- lower population than the great whales. We mation and documentation on the hunt and products and sold fraudulently to an unsus- tion has been driven to the verge of extinc- must remember that if we fail to maintain the markets for the meat. The atmosphere pecting Japanese public. The increased tion. control over fishing and destroy popula- they were met with was highly defensive demand for porpoise meat by the whaling The extermination of striped dolphins tions, it will diminish the enjoyment of life and sometimes hostile. They were followed, companies has come after the commercial occurred during the heyday of commercial for generations to come." photographed, and information about them whaling moratorium was agreed in Japan whaling, and makes a nonsense of the idea Let's hope that the Japanese government Gu e o ies o a a oo e a s o oises yi g a Kamais i is ma ke , a a . always seemed to have pre-empted any in 1988. The "scientific" whaling pro- that Dall's porpoises are being killed be- understands this.
8 9 FARM ANIMALS
sion, which can lead to fighting and heart Intensive Egg, Chicken & attacks. Lights remain on for 23 1/2 hours Turkey Production, Chickens' out of the 24, the 1/2 hour of darkness Lib Invites You to Face the simulating a power cut which could cause Facts panic and mass suffocation in birds unused to total darkness. Prolonged inactivity (rest) amongst the birds is undesirable from the (Chickens' Lib, P. 0. Box 2, Holmfirth, grower's point of view, for sleeping birds Huddersfield HD7 1QT, U.K.), 22 pages, are not engaged in the profit-making busi- illustrated; $4.66 postage paid. ness of eating and putting on weight. Packed with facts, figures and photos • that graphically portray life for hens and "Broiler sheds are never cleaned out other poultry on factory farms, this booklet during the lifetime of any one batch of methodically answers 136 questions about birds, so the litter becomes impregnated the methods used to raise battery hens, with faeces (droppings). Should condi- broiler chickens and turkeys. Extreme tions be poor (e.g. if ventilation is inade- overcrowding is common to all. quate, water spills from drinkers, or birds In answer to the question, "How do will undoubtedly hold back their eggs for suffer from diarrhea) the litter can become battery hens live?", the booklet states: as long as possible. Their instinctive reluc- damp, greasy, and solid . . . When litter "Battery houses are large windowless sheds, tance to lay eggs amidst the crowd of her becomes hardened, much suffering is which vary greatly in size. A small unit cagemates is certainly as great as the one of caused to the birds, many of which develop might contain 2 or 3 thousand hens, but 30 civilised people to defecate in an analogous hock burns, breast blisters and ulcerated thousand in one building is not unusual . situation.' feet." Units with cages in 3 or 4 tiers are the most ". . . the modern hybrid hen's high egg • common, but some ultra-modern batteries output results from selective breeding The booklet concludes with a statement boast 8 tiers, with 'catwalks' for viewing combined with a carefully controlled diet, that "Chickens' Lib believes that poultry birds in the upper cages ... A typical battery plus the simulation, by electric lighting, of should be given living conditions which cage measures 18" by 20" . . . and houses constant summertime (light controls the allow the expression of natural behavioural five laying hens for life . . . Battery hens working of hens' ovaries). patterns, so ensuring that the birds' lives have a 'day' of around 17 hours, during • are pleasurable. Most hens, chickens and which time they stand on the sloping wire "Recent research at Bristol's Institute of turkeys are at this time (1990) kept within of the cage floor. During the remaining 7 Food Research by Drs. Gregory and Wilk- systems which promote stress and disease, hours of darkness they must crouch down ins indicates that more than a quarter of and discourage contentment." on the same wire floor . . . battery hens suffer broken bones when being The last words are: "If you eat eggs: • caught for slaughter. Boycott battery eggs, and ask for supplies "Scientists have discovered that a very "Huge numbers of battery hens meet of free range eggs. If you eat meat: Boycott high percentage of battery hens develop their end fully conscious, even entering the `factory farmed' produce, and ask for free malignant tumours of the oviduct. The scalding tank alive. They are then proc- range poultry." incidence of these cancers has coincided essed into soups, baby foods, stock cubes, Published in England, the information with the dramatically increased egg pro- school dinners, or used in the restaurant applies widely to methods used in the United duction achieved by poultry breeders over trade. If deemed unfit for human consump- States, Europe and, to a considerable ex- the last few decades ... an average of 58% tion, they are incorporated into pet foods or tent, the rest of the world where battery of spent hens displaying malignant tumours fertilisers. cages and close confinement have been in a total of 20,000 hens from ten different • exported as technological know-how. An farms ... 'the increase in the prevalence of "Most intensively-reared chickens are enormous task lies ahead if fowl are to be the (magnum) tumour coincides with con- slaughtered at seven weeks of age, when allowed to lead a normal life. This requires tinued selection of fowl for high egg pro- they are still baby birds. Despite his or her sufficient space to engage in dustbathing, duction.' baby-blue eyes and high pitched 'cheeps,' sunbathing, scratching and pecking, and • a 1990s chicken can weigh in at 5 1/2 lbs. exercising their wings and legs to prevent "Konrad Lorenz has described the egg at 49 days--twice the weight of a chicken bdnes from becoming brittle. laying process as the worst torture to which reared 25 years ago . . . A chicken's natural ea e s o The Quarterly may wis o e e the battery hen is exposed: Tor the person life span is 5-10 years. ack o a a ic e a ou ie e a ou s e who knows something about animals it is "The day-old chicks are installed in ouse wi i s s ecia y esig e es o es a truly heart-rending to watch how a chicken windowless sheds . . . At first, lighting is o isio o a e a o e e a io a ee s o tries again and again to crawl beneath her bright, to encourage maximum activity e s ( o . 2, o. , a 8 . A so ease fellow-cagemates, to search there in vain (feeding and drinking) but after about 3 o e e e o i is issue " i gi ia a me for cover. Under these circumstances hens weeks it is dimmed, to discourage aggres- aises ee a gi g C icke s".
0 40 4
Ivory Trade Killing Walruses Moscow While the international ban on the trade of ivory shot and its dead or wounded body will slip has been a tremendous boost for efforts to save underwater before it can be retrieved. Raw Bullfights the endangered African Elephant, it has not had tusks are often sold on the black market for such a positive effect on another ivory tusked drugs and alcohol. Unscrupulous dealers also Cancelled animal, the Pacific Walrus. There is growing circumvent the law by what has been called concern among scientists and wildlife officials "Bic-pen scrimshaw", a carving sufficient to A plan for expansion to the Soviet that the number of walruses being killed solely pass as traditional but so light that marks can Union of the cruel so-called "sport" for their ivory tusks, which under certain cir- be easily sanded off. of bullfighting has been thwarted. cumstances may still be legally traded, is in- Normally 10,000 to 12,000 walruses from a After news was leaked that a series creasing rapidly to a point where a currently herd estimated at 230,000 are killed each year of bullfights had been planned for healthy population could be extinct by the year by legitimate "subsistence" hunters of both Moscow's 100,000-seat Luzhniki 2000. The trade in walrus ivory continues the United States and the Soviet Union. There stadium in June, and that a Spanish because of a special clause in the United States is, however, no problem with poaching in firm had agreed to send 36 fighting Marine Mammal Protection Act. This legisla- Russia where the hunt is closely monitored by bulls to Russia for this purpose, tion, which supposedly exists for the protection the government. In fact, the Soviets have stadium officials and the Ministry of marine mammals, allows Eskimos, Aleuts lodged diplomatic objections regarding the of Culture were inundated with pro- and Alaskan Indians to legally hunt walruses number of rotting headless carcasses washing tests. The events were then provided it is for non-wasteful "subsistence" up on Siberian shores. Reports from the U.S. cancelled. use. Walrus' ivory taken from such hunts may Fish and Wildlife Service tend to agree with In a telegram to the European then be sold if it is carved into traditional scrim- the Soviets. A recent aerial survey revealed shaw or animal statues. 415 of 418 walrus carcasses spotted were office of the World Society for the missing heads. Protection of Animals, the Deputy In the past walruses were hunted by native Obvious danger to the species lies in the Minister of Culture of the USSR fishermen in small handpowered boats with fact that the rate at which walruses are being stated, "The Ministry of Culture of harpoons. More and more walruses are being killed is two to three times the rate at which the USSR by no means was the ini- hunted by men who claim the "subsistence" they reproduce. Further bad news is that fed- tiator of bullfight(ing) in Moscow. guise but use snowmobiles to chase the lumber- eral monitors in the six main Alaskan hunting (It) shares your concern and con- ing animals, automatic guns to kill them and villages have been removed for lack of funds. demns the activity of the organiz- chainsaws to cut off their heads, tusks attached. As the summer hunting season approaches, ers of (the) barbaric act. (We will) The rest of the body, including all the meat, is the situation facing the Pacific Walrus grows take all the necessary steps to pre- left behind to rot. Sometimes a walrus will be more precarious. vent the bullfight in our country."
i gi ia a me aises ee a gi g C icke s There are still some farmers who believe in treating their kept in each house. A pen of the same size on a factory farm animals to natural surroundings, not only in order to raise would contain some 1000 to 1500 birds. healthier animals but for ethical values as well. On a small farm Both hens and broilers have a diet that is substantially differ- in the Shenandoah Valley near Swoope, Virginia, Joel Salatin ent from their unlucky relatives on factory farms. Because the is doing just that with his chickens. hens are free-ranging they are able to choose their own food. "The long term benefits for society are greater because we are Not only is this accomplished by natural foraging but Salatin treating our animals better. But we don't do it for business gives them several different feeds to chose from as well. He reasons. We do it because it's right." Salatin explained. believes, depending on each individual chicken's health and Salatin has developed a portable "Eggmobile" contraption the time of year, these birds will choose the food that is which houses 100 laying hens. These hens forage as far as 200 healthiest for them. Since the broiler houses are moved to fresh yards from their home during the day. They naturally come grass every morning, the broilers also have the same opportu- back to roost so no fences are necessary to keep them contained. nity to choose their own diet. Both hens and broilers obviously Salatin explained that on the usual "factory farm" laying hens get plenty of green material, something that would be unusual are kept under prolonged lighting to create the illusion of spring time. They are therefore always laying eggs. On the Salatin on a factory farm and they are never given steroids or antibiot- family farm the hens are well aware of what season it is and go ics which induce unnaturally rapid growth. One of the results, through the natural winter rest period. and also the reason why it is economically sensible to raise Salatin also raises about 6000 Cornish cross broilers a year. animals in such a manner, is that the lifespan of a laying hen on These chickens are kept in 2 foot tall mobile homes that are Joel Salatin's farm is generally three years compared to a moved over fresh grass every morning. About 100 animals are normal factory farm lifespan of one year.
E IEWS
W a es s W a e s, A Co i ui g Comme a y e a e o e a Ca Co o ies New supplement, Animal Welfare Institute, 26 pages, 1990. by Warner C. Passanisi and David W. When Whales vs Whalers was first published the frontpiece, Macdonald, 48 pages, Universities Federa- reproduced here, showed Mikhail Baryshnikov wearing an tion for Animal Welfare, 1990. AWI T-shirt calling for a boycott of Russian as well as David Macdonald whose sympathetic and Japanese goods. At that time it appeared that the USSR was perceptive studies of wild foxes have won adamant with its determination to slaughter whales. But the him international recognition (see AWI supplement just published (1985-1990) features the rescue Quarterly vol 37 no 3/4) has turned an of a large group of beluga whales by the Soviet ice-breaker analytic eye on feral cat colonies. The Moskva. Although the Soviet Union did not stop commer- capture and neutering of the animals com- cial whaling till 1987, the rescue, complete with spotter bined with continuing feeding and supervi- planes which guided the multi-million dollar Moskva, sion has been carried out by dedicated cat demonstrated a change in the Russian attitude. Izvestia reported how the belugas were protectors in many parts of Britain and persuaded to follow the ship into open water: "Someone recalled that dolphins react acutely some other countries. Kittens are placed in to music. And so music began to pour off the top deck. Popular, martial, classical. The homes (all are neutered); incurably ill ani- classical proved most to the taste of the belugas. The herd began to slowly follow the ship." mals are euthanized, and healthy adults, Then according to the enthusiastic reporter, "They hemmed in the ship from all sides. They after being neutered, are released back into were happy as children, jumping, spreading out all over the ice field." the area they claimed. The new supplement covers the appeals court ruling and its reversal by the Supreme Eight different colonies of feral cats, Court in a 5-4 decision. Justice Thurgood Marshall, speaking for the minority, wrote, "It controlled and nourished under this sys- is uncontested here that Japan's taking of whales has been flagrant, consis- tem, are described in the study. Most of tent and substantial. Such gross disregard for international them have congregated on hospital grounds norms set for the benefit of the entire world represents or parks. American cat feeders will find the core of what Congress set about to punish and much useful advice and information in these deter." Nevertheless, the whale defenders' lawsuit to pages. require the Administration to carry out the will of Con- Co ies may e o e e om e U i e si ies e e a io gress failed. o A ima We a e, 8 ami o C ose, Sou Mimms, o e s a , e s E 6 Q , E g a .
W a e Wa c i g i Ice a . A easi i i y S u y. whales in a deep ocean setting." Crown Princess Sonja of Norway visited the museum in 1988. In 1989 international media, including The scientific and educational values of whale watching are well BBC, Swedish, German and Japanese television spent weeks in established and tourists' delight in seeing whales and dolphins Andenes filming around the whale watching enterprise. And this from shipboard has brought substantial economic rewards to whale year several other whale watching boats were observed approach- watching enterprises in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Ecua- ing the sperm whales. dor, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the According to Lindquist and Tryggvadottir's report, there United States and the West Indies. Now Ole Lindquist are fifteen different species of cetaceans that have been and Maria Helena Tryggvadottir have produced a useful seen in accessible inshore waters off West and Southeast report on the feasibility of whale watching in Icelandic Iceland during the summer months. "For Europeans en- waters. The well documented statistics show that countering a medium sized minke whale offers an expe- many species of whales, including humpbacks whose rience of the wonders of the sea - let alone watching spectacular leaps and famous songs make them the humpbacks on a regular basis." stars of whale watching trips, may be sighted during The report concludes with a recommendation the summer months when weather and sea conditions that whale watching in Iceland be given serious consid- are favorable for the tours. eration. "It would generally broaden the scope of tourist The report describes the interesting development of attractions in the country and has the potential of making Hvalsafari A/S (Whale Safari Ltd.) of Andenes, Norway. the country one of the few places where Europeans, within The pilot project started three years ago by scientists, their own part of the world, can experience with these wild photographers and artists has blossomed. Converted minke animals." whaling vessels take passengers out. "At the end of 1989," Lindquist writes, "the results from the photo identification work O e i quis o s eg ees i is o y, i oso y a a c eo ogy, ec u i g o were presented to an international conference in California." yea s a e u io Co ege o Aku ey i, o Ice a . e is w i i g is oc o a esis a e U i e si y o S . A ews, Sco a o ce acea s a i i e s i e "A warehouse has been converted into offices, accommodations eco omy a cu u e o easa is e me i e o eas A a ic egio o c. for researchers and a museum. Volunteers created a unique 400 00. Ma ia e e a ygg a o i is s u yi g o e a mi is a io a ou ism square meter exhibition displaying life-size models of sperm ma ageme a e Co ege o o e Ma ageme i S a a ge , o way.
2 MA I E MAMMA S
oge ay e iscusses ea s o W a es a o i s continued from page one developing for the IWC are directly trans- ferrable to other fisheries. Once these ecause w a es a e su i e i o a age o ig arguments have been accepted by the IWC ec o ogy ey ow ace ea s w ic make e um e s they will arrive in other fora with a strength ki e y a oo s seem mi o ... e e e wa o that they could not otherwise have, and es uc io i i e s a g os e s is mi o com a e o acceptance of them will be far more pos- e es uc io w eake y ousa s o o ic su s a ces sible to achieve. In my opinion, we must w ic i us ia i e socie ies e i o e ocea . ignore the fact that we appear to have won big at the IWC and support continued work by Cooke, de la Mare, Holt and others. Once their results are in place and have moves up the food chain (whales, dolphins starting life with a body free and clear of been accepted by a majority of the nations and people are, of course, found at the top PCBs but instead with a concentration equal of the IWC we will have the precedents we of the food chain and are therefore most at to, or higher than, its mother's. Since there need to ensure that other fisheries do not risk.) As we are all aware, PCBs have appears to be no significant reduction of repeat the errors of the whale fishery. This recently been found in porpoises in con- PCBs in a mammal's body during its life- is a process that may take several more centrations so high that some of the time, there appears to be a biological years but will be richly worth the effort. porpoise's tissues could, in theory, qualify amplification of PCBs not just from one During this time we must not grow impa- for designation as Super Fund sites. Some trophic level to the next, but, in the case of tient and fail to support the scientists in- scientists have expressed the belief that if mammals, from one generation to the next. volved with this issue. For, in truth they are only a small percentage of the PCBs now in If it turns out that PCBs do indeed endure in not beating a dead horse but instead are use reach the seas they will render most significant concentrations from one gen- pursuing several live ones. species of commercially valuable fish in- eration to the next it could mean that all edible owing to the high concentrations of carnivorous marine mammals are doomed While finishing the job that has been PCBs they will contain. It has even been to extinction anyway, because whatever started, we must also take action on three proposed that if just those PCBs which level it takes for PCBs to be lethal will other fronts: Because whales have survived were sold to developing nations reach the eventually be reached in some future gen- into an age of high technology they now sea (owing to the failure of those nations to eration. face threats which make the numbers killed dispose of them properly) that they will by harpoons seem minor. The point I wish to make is that many bring to extinction all carnivorous marine of our organizations have ignored the ques- What I am referring to are: 1) annual kill mammals. While this prediction is based tion of the effects of toxic substances on of about 100,000 porpoises that drown in on simple guesses as to what constitutes a whales for too long. We must make it a tuna purse seines. And 2) the incidental lethal dose of PCBs in marine mammals priority to find out whether the apparent mortality of dolphins killed in drift nets. I and has therefore seemed extreme to many threats mentioned above are real and if they feel confident that each year more whales scientists, there is accumulating evidence are to take urgent action to reverse the and dolphins are being killed by drift nets that PCBs weaken the immune systems of situation. than by purse seines and direct whaling marine mammals and may therefore have combined. Especially alarming are the so- an effect similar to AIDS: killing their One of the most alarming aspects of called "ghost nets" --pieces of drift nets victims by reducing their immunity to a this problem is that except for a few studies that break off and wander the seas, entan- broad spectrum of diseases. in a few local areas there is no information gling everything in'their path. I have only recently realized that all of -- no baseline data -- on what concentra- But even the wanton destruction in drift these scenarios fail to take into account an tions of toxic substances the seas contain. nets and ghost nets is minor compared to insidious kind of accumulation of fat sol- This means that no one can demonstrate the destruction wreaked by the tens of thou- uble toxic substances which take place from thai concentrations of toxic substances are sands of toxic substances which industrial- one generation to the next. A female increasing. Until this situation is corrected, ized societies vent into the oceans. Of mammal which is nursing her baby is in the polluters can keep right on polluting these, PCBs are known to constitute a major fact getting rid of milk and with it the toxins because they can accurately claim that there threat to whales owing to the fact that they it contains. (This may be the only means by is no real proof that their pollutants are are very soluble in fats but almost insoluble which a mammal can rid itself of PCBs.) accumulating in the sea or in the animals of in water and therefore concentrate as one What it also means is that her baby is not the sea.
4 0, MA I E MAMMA S Driftnet Fleet in North Pacific Seized by Soviets Despite ever increasing criticism of drift- Japanese. Further investigation revealed a boats painted with North Korea's flag. The net fishing, one of the most ecologically secret agreement between several Japanese Japanese were hoping that restrictions on destructive industries ever invented, the fishing companies and a North Korean such boats would not be enforced since governments of Japan, Taiwan and South company in which the Japanese would North Korea is not a signatory to any inter- Korea, continually allow their driftnet fleets provide boats and "technical guidance" to national agreements regarding driftnet fish- to go about their business with little regard the North Koreans in return for having their ing and it has a long alliancewith the Soviet for international agreements, Union. longstanding premises of in- This is not an isolated inci- ternational law and numerous dent of one or two boats ille- requests from foreign govern- gally poaching salmon. Tass ments to halt this incredibly reported that in early May six wasteful method of fishing. Japanese ships were detained Every summer, boats from for similar reasons. In 1989 these countries fish vast areas US patrols spotted 75 drift- of the Pacific Ocean sending netters outside the established thousands of miles of nearly boundaries: 37 Taiwanese, 26 invisible net into the sea every Japanese and 12 South Ko- night. Although they directly rean. The three countries have fish only for squid in the North agreed this year to put trans- Pacific and tuna in the South mitters on all their squid boats Pacific, the nets indiscrimi- in the North Pacific so that nately catch all types of ma- their positions may be tracked rine life not small enough to by satellite. No such agree- slip through the mesh. A re- ments exist yet with the North cent report by Greenpeace Koreans who may be about to documented that a driftnet fleet Crewmen of a Taiwanese driftnet boat toss illegally caught salmon overboard launch a driftnet fleet of their of 20 boats operating in the after being caught by a Coast Guard Cutter in the North Pacific. own. Tasman Sea, a relatively small area of the South Pacific be- tween Australia and New Zealand, during the 1989-90 season, aside from a direct take of 900,000 tuna, killed 4600 dolphins, 2700 sunfish, 3500 sharks and 6300 bill- Whale Meat Smuggled Into Japan fish. Several agreements exist between the According to the Japanese Department of paid a 300,000 yen fine, shipped the meat to United States and these three Asian Gov- Far Sea Fisheries, there are three supply Singapore and brought it back again only to ernments designed to regulate and monitor routes for whale meat to enter Japan: 1,000 be caught a second time. the industry. The actual fleets, however, tons come from Iceland and Norway, 500 Although the Taiwanese Government, often deliberately violate such agreements tons from research whaling and 500 tons which is not a member of the International in their pursuit of profits. from coastal whaling. There are also sup- Whaling Commission, has banned whal- On May 22, Tass, the official Soviet plies from Japan's commercial whaling of ing, it has been unable to eliminate illegal news agency, reported the Soviet Union the past (whale meat keeps for ten years if whaling. The home port of this illegal had seized 10 North Korean fishing vessels it is frozen), illegal catches and quasi whale whaling is Takao. There is said to be con- that had been illegally fishing for salmon in meat such as dolphin meat. Recently, stant stock of frozen whale meat of several international waters. (It is a tenet of inter- however, the largest input is said to be thousand tons. The largest smuggling national law that fish spawned in a country's smuggled meat. syndicate is this Taiwan connection. Japa- rivers are the property of that country even Smuggling is deliberately done and nese smugglers transfer the meat at sea and if they cross into international waters. Not comes in large quantities. For instance, a bring it to a small port in Japan. Then they only were these boats fishing for salmon dealer in Tokyo tried to smuggle 51 tons of bring it to the open market. The price in spawned in Soviet rivers but they were well Bryde's whale meat last July but was caught Taiwan is 600 to 700 yen per kilogram. It beyond borders of the area where they were by Kobe Customs authorities. This was the sells in Tokyo and Osaka for 2400 to 5000 supposed to remain.) It was soon discov- third try to smuggle the same meat. Three yen. ered that 140 of the fishermen, about 70 years earlier this dealer was caught trying [Source of this information: okyo S o s, February percent of the boat's crew, were actually to pass it off as sea bream and squid. He 16, 1990, translated by Kakuta Naoko.]
14 Congress & the European Parliament Call for Sustaining the Moratorium Resolutions calling for a continued moratorium on commercial never stopped. Whales are routinely killed for loosely defined whaling urge the Commissioners of the International Whaling scientific reasons and because of a lack of a strong management Commission to stand firm in protecting the whales at their July structure and a lack of enforcement capability by the IWC, many meeting in The Netherlands. killings went on unchecked and in defiance of this moratorium." On June 12, 1990, Mr. Yatron's House Concurrent Resolution The European Parliament passed the following resolution pro- 287 was passed by the US House of Representatives. The full text posed by Mary Banotti on behalf of the European Peoples Party, follows: Carlos Pimenta on behalf of the liberal group and Paul M.J. Staes W e eas w a es a e a u ique ma i e esou ce o g ea es e ic a scie i ic i e es a on behalf of the Greens. a e a i a a o e ma i e ecosys em eso u io o e mo a o ium o w a i g: W e eas e i e i i e mo a o ium o comme cia w a e ki i g a o e y e I e a e Eu o ea a iame , io a W a i g Commissio i 82 o ake e ec i 86 is su ec o e iew a (A eca i g e Eu o ea a iame s e ie a i me i i s eso u io o 8 Se em e eco si e a io i 0 8 a i is esse ia o e mo a o ium o comme cia w a i g o e s ic y o se e y W e eas is mo a o ium as o ye esu e i a u cessa io o w a e ki i g o a Mem e s o e I e a io a W a i g Commissio comme ce ( awa e a e IWC mus e iew e mo a o ium a co si e mo i ica io o i is W e eas e e emai g ea u ce ai ies as o e ue s a us o w a e o u a io s, ue yea o e i icu y o s u yi g em, ei s ow e o uc i e a e, a e u e ic a i i y o ei (C e o i g e ac a w a i g as co i ue u e o ma o ec io s a scie i ic eco e y e e w e u y o ec e e mi s si ce e mo a o ium came i o e ec i 86, a a co seque y o e o e W e eas w a es a e su ec o g a e e i o me a ea s om o u i g causes suc u oses o e mo a o ium, w ic was o gi e a w a e s ocks a o o u i y o eco e om as o u io , oss o a i a , i c ease s i i g, oi a gas e o a io , a e use o e oi a io , as o ee u i e i e s a o e o se ec i e is i g ec iques, w ic u e sco e e ee o s ecia ( ee y co ce e a e emai i g w a i g cou ies a e essi g o e mo a o sa egua s o w a e su i a ium o e e a e is yea W e eas e I e a io a W a i g Commissio as o ye emo s a e i s ca a i i y ( ca s u o e Go e me s o EC Mem e S a es o sus ai e mo a o ium o comme cia w a i g o s ic a u y i e a io a mo i o i g a e o ceme , a o i sis e ce o uma e (2 ca s u o e Go e me s o EC Mem e S a es o ake a i oma ic, eco omic a ki i g me o s o e measu es o is e W e eas owe u mo a a e ica ques io s a e ee aise ega i g e ki i g o ( ca s u o e Go e me s o Ice a , a a a o way o co o m wi e w a es, o o i a mo a o ium a coo e a e u y wi e IWC i i s e o s o e e o a com e e si e a W e eas a u eca e ee o w a e ki i g o comme cia u oses is e a e mi imum e ec i e co se a io egime ecessa y o seek sa is ac o y a swe s o e ques io s, co ce s, a u ce ai ies ci e (4 ca s u o e Go e me s o o way a e USS o wi aw ei o ec io s o a o e: ow, e e o e, e i e mo a o ium ecisio eso e y e Se a e ( e ouse o e ese a i es co cu i g , a i is e se se ( i s uc s i s esi e o a smi is eso u io o e Commissio , e Cou ci a o e Co g ess a a IWC Mem e S a es. ( U i e S a es o icy s ou omo e e ma imum co se a io a o ec io o e wo s w a e o u a io s In the United States Senate and House of Representatives, (2 owa a goa , e U i e S a es s ou wo k o co i ue e I e a io a W a i g Senator Clairborne Pell and Congressman Gus Yatron have intro- Commissio mo a o ium o e comme cia ki i g o w a es a mai ai e o ca c imi s o a w a e s ocks o a eas a o e eca e, a is, o e yea 2000 o eyo duced strongly worded companion resolutions. ( i a i io , e U i e S a es s ou wo k o s e g e e I e a io a W a i g Senator Pell in his opening statement remarked: "Last year, the Commissio as e i is e sa e o ga i a io o sa egua i g o u u e ge e a io s e IWC released a report indicating that the populations of some g ea a u a esou ces e ese e y e w a e s ocks, a s ou e cou age e whale species are much smaller than previously thought. The commissio o es a is a ca y ou o g e m og ams o o e a esea c a decline in the blue whale's population, the earth's largest animal, com e e si e assessme o a w a e s ocks o a g o a asis, i c u i g sma ce acea s a was particularly serious, but the population of other species was (4 i so omo i g e co se a io a o ec io o e wo s w a e o u a io s, e also found to be far below the expected levels. U i e S a es s ou make e u es use o i oma ic c a e s, a o ia e omes ic a "Despite the moratorium, the fact is a the killing of whales has i e a io a aw, a a o e a ai a e mea s.
Animal Welfare Institute Directors Officers International Committee Staff Ma e ei e eme ma s C is i e S e e s, esi e A i e e A u a, .M. . Me ico Wi iam Co eau, esea c Associa e Ge a e a , . . Cy ia Wi so , ice esi e .G. A ikas, .M. . G eece osi a Eck, A mi is a i e Assis a Ma o ie Cooke, Sec e a y Am assa o a a ak usai o Commu ica io s Ma o ie Cooke ia e I a e so , esea c Associa e C is a e Goug oge . S e e s, easu e a g a es o a m A ima s a i 0. i A ge a Ki g U i e Ki g om e y e e ma , u ica io s Coo i a o Sue o i gswo Scientific Committee Simo Muc i u Ke ya y e u c iso , ee o G. ewe , . Ma o ie A c e , . . a i ica o Ca a a W a e Cam aig Coo i a o C is i e S e e s e e e y, M.D. Go o e o S u i C i e o e ewe , A mi is a i e Assis a Ca y iss, esea c Associa e . a a a O a s, . . M s. umi iko ogo a a Ai ee ai e aug o , Mai O e Sec e a y Cy ia Wi so oge ay e, . . K aus es e gaa , . . G e a i sso , Wi i e Co su a Samue eacock, M.D. e ma k y ia Swa , esea c Assis a o Wa s , M. . A e ey Ya oko U.S.S.
15 MARINE MAMMALS
Campaign for Dolphin Protection, continued from page one fists. There are 560 boats hunting the actor Daniel Day Lewis, Bob Hoskins and hunter is in a boat and the whale is thrash- porpoises off Japan's north coast and the actress Susannah York, is all part of a ing in the water, while the hunter cuts hunt increased dramatically in recent years. campaign to draw public attention to the through the whale's blubber and flesh with The catch increased from around 8,000 in urgent need to control such dolphin kills a six inch knife. the early 1980s to 13,406 in 1987 and to and to take action to stop them. "The Global War Against Small Cetace- 40,823 in 1988 and around 30,000 in 1989. Allan Thornton and Dave Currey trav- ans" underlines the urgent need for interna- Scientists believe that even the 8,000 catch eled to Japan in mid-June, with a letter to tional protection of these 65 species of level was depleting the populations. Prime Minister Kaifu which called for a small cetaceans. The report not only cov- Japan is also catching many thousands of suspension of the Dall's porpoise hunt. ers the Japanese, Peruvian and Faroese other dolphins, and have virtually wiped The letter was signed by 35 groups kills, but also documents the Taiwanese out the striped dolphin populations from all over Europe, North Amer- and Korean kills in the "walls of death" around Japan despite similar sci- ica and Japan. The Animal driftnet catches. Catches of dolphins by entific warnings that over- Welfare Institute has been Mexico, the United States, Venezuela, hunting was occurring. assisting EIA in the cam- Ecuador and other Latin American coun- Bottlenose dolphins paign to stop the Peru- tries in the tuna fishery are detailed along and pilot whales are vian and Japanese with hunts in the arctic areas of Alaska, also thought to be in dolphin hunts. Canada, Greenland and the USSR for white decline from Japanese EIA's re- whales (belugas) and narwhals. Other dol- killings. searchers have phin kills in the US, Iceland, Ireland, France, In Peru, EIA discovered that the also returned to Spain, Italy, around Africa, India, Sri Lanka dolphin kill was four to five times higher the Faroe Islands to moni- and other Asian countries such as China, than the previously thought catch of 10,000 tor the mass slaughter of pi- Burma, Thailand and the Philippines are dolphins each year. The researchers docu- lot whales. At least 1,500 of these also covered. mented the catch of dolphins in Southern small whales are killed each year, along A legal opinion from the Center for Inter- Peru in several towns which, like Japan, with many dolphins, mainly for sport hunt- national Environmental Law (CIEL) con- have substantially increased their level of ing, in the Danish owned islands. Much of firms that the IWC has the legal compe- dolphin killing. As many as 40-50,000 the whale meat and blubber is wasted, as tence to manage all cetaceans including all dolphins may be killed in Peru each year. the affluent islanders no longer rely on the small cetaceans. EIA's report is being EIA has released film, photos and infor- formerly valuable whale meat for food. In released to the IWC meeting to press for mation of the dolphin kills in Japan and the hunt, an entire herd of whales, some- urgent action to stop the Dall's porpoise Peru in recent weeks as part of a "Dolphin times as many as 500, are driven into a bay hunt and other dolphin kills. Friends" campaign launched in London in by boats, and are then brutally killed. The e G o a Wa Agai s Sma Ce acea s" is May. The campaign, which is supported by hunters smash a six pound metal hook into a ai a e o $ , os age ai om EIA, 06 many celebrities, including Oscar winning the whales and hold them, usually while the S ee , o wes , Was i g o , C 200 6.
Animal Welfare Institute o o i O g. Post Office Box 3650 U.S. OS AGE Washington, DC 20007 AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00
16 0 E A IMA WE A E I S I U E
QUA E Y
P.O. BOX 3650 WASHINGTON, DC 20007 FALL 1990 VOL. 39 NO. 3
European Parliament Votes to Ban ay o e o i s Import of Furs Beginning 1995 This Year's Meeting of the IWC by Anton Gazenbeek suaded allergic to the very word "fur". Al- y a e Cu ey though the intention of certain animal If in 1988 I had been asked, "do you think It was 11:45pm on the Wednesday evening rights organizations was good, the methods that the European Community (EC) could that the phone rang in my hotel room in of persuasion and lobbying used were more ban the import of furs, as it has banned Noordwijk, Holland. "It's been done" the than once less than diplomatic and thus imports of baby seal skins", I would have voice said cryptically. "Did you get my completely counterproductive. The Ani- replied that this was not likely to happen note?" Minutes earlier a scrap of paper had mal Welfare Institute, I may add, observed within the foreseeable future. been pushed under my door informing me I have - thankfully - been proved wrong. the rules of courtesy and diplomacy and has retained the sympathy of Members of the As matters stand now, there is a draft law banning fur imports into the EC as of 1995. European Parliament. In September 1988 the European Parlia- Mrs Banotti steered her report and amend- ment adopted the first of its resolutions ments on the fur import legislation through calling for imported furs to be labelled to the Environment Committee and the vote in indicate whether they were from animals the full House. caught in the leghold trap. This was eventu- In the explanatory statement she wrote, ally followed by a draft EC law to ban the Mrs Banotti reports on the visit by four import of furs from animals caught in coun- other MEPs and herself to Canada in Febru- tries which permit use of the leghold trap. ary 1990 to examine the fur issue as it Dolphins swim into the IWC's amp i . The draft law, prepared by the European related to Canada. This fact-finding mis- Commission, both one of the EC's policy sion, at the invitation of Indigenous Sur- that a resolution to reduce the killing of making bodies and its civil service, was re- vival International and the Canadian Mis- Dall's porpoises had been officially intro- ferred back to the European Parliament for sion to the EC, was the final act in Mrs duced to the International Whaling Com- its opinion. Banotti's work of gathering information mission (IWC). The clock had been ticking Assigned to prepare a report on the draft from the various interested parties and away - in 15 minutes time it would have law was Mrs Mary Banotti, who is also assessing this, often mutually contradic- been too late, the procedural deadline would President of the Parliament's Intergroup on tory, information. have passed. The delegate had responded Animal Welfare. Intergroup, a forum of The explanatory statement summarizes to pressure. Members from all parties who are inter- the points made by the various interested This year's IWC meeting was full of ested in animal welfare, was, assisted by parties in Canada, including animal protec- drama. The fervour and excitement seemed Eurogroup for Animal Welfare and World tion organizations. The representative of to have returned to the meeting after a u Society for the Protection of Animals the Animal Welfare Institute, Mr. John w ic o owe e yea s a e e mo a o (WSPA), responsible for launching the first Gleiber, who made a strong impression on ium decision. Much of this was due to the Parliament resolution on fur imports, which the Members, is one of those cited at length lobby fighting for the IWC to make a deci- led to all that has been achieved since. in the explanatory statement as having in- sion on small cetaceans - small whales and The fur import ban has proved extremely formed the MEPs of several traps already in dolphins. They still have no international controversial and Mrs Banotti and other use which are much less cruel than the steel protection. The Environmental Investiga- Members of the European Parliament be- jaw leghold trap. He also gave Members tion Agency's (EIA' s) new report "The came, to their dismay, targets of some of the "interesting statistics" showing that in the Global War Against Small Cetaceans", most intense and at times abusive lobbying USA, 5 times as many animals are trapped published for the meeting, showed, country the Parliament had ever seen. Certain pro- as in Canada a matter which, because of the by country, how over half a million dol- tagonists on both sides of the fence were attention given to the plight of the native phins were being killed every year. It was responsible for this lobbying overkill, which trappers in northern Canada, had tended to time for the IWC to act responsibly, to ended up making the people to be per- continued on page 6 continued on page 3
I E O ECYC E A E MARINE MAMMALS
aiwa ese i e esse s S o e i e A a ic
Fifteen Taiwanese vessels carrying drift- United Nations resolution was passed which eries Affairs Office, the Coast Guard has nets and other equipment associated with called for the immediate cessation of fur- been informed about the vessels at Trinidad this ecologically disastrous fishing tech- ther expansion of the driftnet industry. and is watching them closely. nique were recently spotted in the Atlantic Taiwan, however, is not a member of the "The solution," said Mr. Studds, "is not Ocean. Sid Johnson, the Secretary of the United Nations. to move them from one ocean to another; Trinidad and Tobago Game Fishing Asso- Congressman Gerry E. Studds, in a letter the solution is to ban them altogether. That, ciation, observed and photographed the to the Department of Commerce, urged the and nothing short of that, should be our boats docked at the Port of Spain in Trinidad. Bush Administration "to do everything you goal." The House of Representatives re- American experts inspecting the photos can, as quickly as you can, to halt large- cently approved legislation introduced by agreed that they had driftnets on board. scale driftnet fishing in the Atlantic." Mr. Studds calling for a world-wide ban on This information comes on the heels of According to the State Department's Fish- large-scale driftnet fishing. the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) release of data that factually proved the deadly consequences of driftnetting. NMFS reported that more than 1,100 ma- rine mammals, 78,000 tuna and 9,000 sea birds were killed last summer by just 27 Japanese driftnet boats in the North Pacific. The data was recorded by US and Canadian observers aboard the ships. These 27 boats represent a mere 2.5 percent of the total number of boats fishing that area. Extend the numbers proportionately to the entire North Pacific fleet and 36,000 dolphins and porpoises, 8,000 seals, 360,000 sea birds and millions of non-target fish are caught every year. These numbers do not include the South Pacific fleet. This "strip mining of the sea" has until now been kept in the Pacific. Trinidadian fishermen who have heard the Taiwanese talking on their radios say driftnets have been used in waters off South America. Other reports indicate Taiwanese drift- A sea io e a g e i a i e a ow e . es i e e U i e a io s eso u io netters fishing off some African nations ema i g a imme ia e a o a y u e e a sio o is i us y, umo s e sis a and in the Indian Ocean. Last December a esse s usi g e ea y e s a e e e i g e A a ic.
Court Ordered Tuna Embargo Lifted the Next Day
On August 28, a federal judge ordered the the US rate by the end of 1989 and 1.25 burden of the foreign government's late United States Government to ban tuna times the rate by the end of 1990. Earth production of evidence." imports from five countries whose fishing Island Institute filed a lawsuit in 1988 against Mexico, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador fleets kill considerably more dolphins than the Commerce Department for failure to and the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu the US fleet. The Department of Com- enforce these provisions. ',vere all supposed to be embargoed but the merce waited until nine days later to imple- Judge Thelton Henderson ruled the Bush US now claims to have "new" data indicat-
ment the embargo and then lifted it for Administration had given foreign govern- ing that the nations of Mexico, Venezuela three of the countries the very next day. ments too much time to comply with the and Vanuatu have dolphin kills rates less Recent amendments to the Marine law and ordered the embargo. Henderson than twice the times the US rate. Earth Mammal Protection Act require countries wrote: "Under the agency's interpretation, Island immediately challenged this action importing tuna to the United States to re- it is the dolphins and domestic fishermen, in court but the case has not been heard as duce the dolphin kills of their fleets to twice not the foreign governments, who bear the of this writing. 2 2 a CI ES Mus Ac Excitement Returns to the IWC - Resolutions Passed on Small Cetaceans o a s o continued from page 1 accept its competence to regu- which still kill pilot whales and from Japan and Norway were Co i io s late the killing of all whales and many other species. voted against, as has become dolphins, not just the big ones. This resolution broke the ice routine in these meetings. But Since 1973, when the Conven- The two resolutions that dealt and set a precedent for the regu- there was some concern that tion on International Trade in with this issue were proposed lation of all whales and dol- the arguments against whaling Endangered Species (ClIES) by New Zealand and the UK phins in the future. It was an have become too scientifically first declared its concern for the with a number of co-sponsors. historic moment achieved in the based. The risk is that science transport conditions of wild The New Zealand resolution E i o me a I yesogacco Age cy animals, few improvements tried to avoid an all-out battle have been made. As mandated by asking the Scientific by a recent resolution a CITES Committee's Small Cetacean , Working Group on Transport Sub-Committee to produce a met in London in late Septem- report on the problems facing ber with representatives from small cetaceans globally which governments, the pet trade and would go on to the 1992 United humane and conservation or- Nations meeting on the envi- ganizations in attendance. ronment to be held in Brazil. It The main problem addressed deliberately avoided the issue was failure by CITES member of whether the IWC was com- nations to implementpreviously petent to discuss such issues. agreed recommendations and But the second resolution did regulations. Dave Currey of not. Environmental Investigation Historically, if anyone so Agency pointed out that three much as mentioned a dolphin A Peruvian fisherman with his dolphin catch. In Peru and some other South Resolutions over the last seven in the IWC plenary session, a American countries, dolphins are victims of a direct fishery. years recommending collection number of countries (including of mortality data, the provision Mexico, Japan and Denmark) last few hours of the meeting. may soon validate the resump- of animal handling facilities, would immediately refuse to The previous week had seen tion of whaling. The anti- inspections by qualified observ- discuss the issue saying it was whaling issues tossed around whaling lobby has the support ers and a welfare checklist sys- outside the IWC' s competence. in many predictable ways. of millions of people who sim- tem had all been ignored by But this year an extraordinary Iceland and Norway took ply do not want to see whales most parties. Only the US and change took place. Heavy lob- their usual hardline stances killed. The arguments are sail- UK could supply any mortality bying and publicity for the is- threatening to leave the IWC ing into very stormy waters. data and no party had intro- sue across the world forced the and set up their own whaling There is an important lesson duced the checklist system. If delegates to recognize the world club. Japan was more concili- to be learned from the meeting governments refused shipments was watching. When a UK atory. At one point the entire in Noordwijk. For years during without completed checklists, resolution asking for Japan to meeting bordered on lunacy as the 1970's and early 1980's the most of the trade would have to reduce the current level of kill- a vote was taken to decide IWC delegates were constantly use the system. Failure to en- ing Dall's porpoises (30,000) whether the Chairman's deci- under the scrutiny of the public force regulatory measures is one to pre 1986 levels (10,000) was sion to hold a vote was valid. through the media. People's of the reasons EIA is calling for proposed, the result was like a Iceland had proposed a quota attitudes against the killing of a ban on the commercial pet breath of fresh air. One after of 200 minke whales from its whales resulted in the commer- trade in wild birds. another, countries spoke out central North Atlantic stock cial moratorium. This scrutiny The Group agreed to draw up about their concern about the which was an attempt to over- returned in Noordwijk because new CITES guidlines for trans- problems facing small cetace- turn the moratorium on com- of the tragedy of the dolphins. port, to consider ending trade in ans. Even Japan joined in. mercial whaling. The Swedish It's too late for some, but the high mortality species, to im- When it came to the vote, the Chairman of the Plenary ses- scrutiny must be maintained in prove stocking densities, to usual antagonists abstained and sion was about to allow a vote coming years to improve the consider limiting shipment size, 15 countries voted for the reso- when the USA questioned his situation globally. The next and to consider point of capture lution. Only Denmark voted ruling. The vote overruled the meeting is in Iceland where to point of sale as the transport against it and isolated them- Chairman's decision and no colder winds blow, but the de- process. How any of this will selves internationally. Their vote was taken on the quota. termined voice of public opin- be used in practice remains to vote was because of pressure The moratorium remains intact. ion will be speaking again. It be seen. on them from the Faroe Islands Scientific whaling proposals must speak loud and clear. 3 FARM ANIMALS Factory Farming: The Pig "Product" by Gayle Wood (1986). "The debate over the morality of flat out dying of it, so that minimal housing keeping sows closely confined in tethers, for maximum pig size can be achieved. "...Farm animals are living, breathing,feel- stalls or crates," says the study, "hinges There seems no end of people willing to ing beings .. not lifeless, cellophane- upon whether the sow suffers distress or observe animals in adversity and detail the wrapped dinners." mental deprivation as a result." According grisly results. A study of such people might --Henry Spira, Coordinator to the SFBIU, sows perform these stereoty- warrant its own useful information. Animal Welfare International pies to self-stimulate the release of a chemi- cal in the brain to produce "some sort of "Anyone who kept a dog in the way in which Factory farming rivals the turn of the cen- natural `high' and thereby" help "the sow to pigs are frequently kept would be liable to tury factories of the Industrial Revolution, cope with the stress of close confinement." prosecution, but because our interest in complete with conveyer belts, noise, and The SFBIU concluded that close con- exploiting pigs is greater than our interest other stressful conditions for laborers and finement resulted in severe distress for sows, in exploiting dogs, we object to cruelty to incarcerated creatures alike. The industry, and that the animals adjust to confinement dogs while consuming the product of cru- of course, does not perceive itself in this in ways that mimic "the development in elty to pigs." way nor do many in the land grant univer- humans of chronic psychiatric disorders." --Peter Singer sities or state and federal departments of Of all stereotypies, perhaps the most Animal Liberation agriculture. The industry calls factory farm- poignant is the one termed "mourning." In ing, among other things, "confinement groups, sows normally sit for only a few One scientific advancement for the hog production." This not-so-self-congratula- minutes, as a transition position from stand- production industry (if not the hog) has tory euphemism amounts to just about what ing to lying down. With mourning, the been the "surprise" feeding system for sows it sounds like: High tech productivity in solitary sow sits with her head hung low, in gestation crates. Conventional factory which the factory is the mentality and cni- ears drooping, eyes clamped tightly shut. feeding methods for these sows began on elty is the method to convert living, breath- This very atypical posture is maintained for long rows, leaving the sows at the ends of ing beings into cellophane wrapped "prod- hours and hours, like an imitation of a the rows in a frenzy by the time they were uct." helpless-hopeless inmate in a state institu- fed. Pigs at the ends of rows became ill or tion. died because the anticipation of being fed Not Hog Heaven was so stressful. When an operator entered "But a full-grown horse or dog is beyond a building to feed the animals, they began to The standard gestation crate used to house comparison a more rational, as well as a scream, chew cage bars and inhale a lot of a pregnant sow is typically a two-foot wide more conversible animal, than an infant of air. They developed gastric or intestinal stall made of metal bars and a concrete a day or a week or even a month old. But torsion (twisted stomach), and went off floor. This piece of wizardry allows the pig suppose they were otherwise, what would it their feed. Subsequently, many died. to stand up or lie down. Period. Turning avail? The Question is not, Can they rea- Surprise feeders "cut the wear and tear on around is out of the question. These crates son, nor Can they talk but, Can they suf- equipment and the operator's nerves and are standard fare on factory farms and house fer?" eardrums," quips Nathan Winkelman of the sows for al1114 days of their pregnancy. --Jeremy Bentham the Swine Health Center in Minnesota. In the most intensive operations breeding Based on a simple pipe pivot with a lever, boars similarly are imprisoned in narrow Science to the Rescue? all sows in a row can be fed simultaneously. crates, as they wait to be "of service." Now the operators eardrums and nerves are Crates are used to save space, to facilitate To help acquire the pig "product" using okay. MoorMans's Manufacturing in Illi- hog feeding and manure handling and for the least amount of space and labor, animal nois boasts an "ouchless feeder." Presuma- easy inspection of the animals by their scientists perform long, convoluted experi- bly, previous feeders were "ouchful," if keepers. There is no walking about, no ments on the use of space and the nature of you judge by a pig with a face full of Band stretching of limbs, no turning for the un- feeding and feeders. The scientists, al- Aids in the company advertisement. "No fortunate pigs. though employed by tax-payer supported fitting corners to gouge her." Not surprisingly, solitary pigs in crates land-grant universities, often carry out re- Stan Curtis of the Animal Science De- develop abnormal behavior. They rub their search financed by the swine industry. They partment, University of Illinois, has de- snouts raw on stall bars, chew frequently study how much food a pig eats if one kind vised a new cage for confinement produc- and severely on the bars, or simply chew at of feeder is used instead of another. They tion use. He and colleagues have created nothing. These behaviors - "stereotypies" study floor space to learn the absolute the "turn-around" crate for pregnant sows, - were studied by, among others, the Scot- minimum (cost-effective) space a hog can and he calls it a "revolutionary gestation tish Farm Building Investigation Unit be crammed into, before losing weight or system." 4 FARM ANIMALS
A 440 lb. sow can turn around in a space as small as 35 inches scientists have dis- cerned. Stan Curtis' study counted the number of times and reasons sows turned around in their new crates. The apparently startled scientist remarked, "... We realized one interesting point: Sows didn't turn around simply to eat or drink... They may have turned around simply to add variety to their lives." Not to sound ungrateful but the right and the opportunity to turn around Photos: Above: A mourning sow unable to does not seem very revolutionary. even turn around. Right: Total confinement. A The new system offers moveable divid- sow in a gestation crate. A study by the ers that swing sideways, broadening a sow's Scottish Farm Building Investigation Unit concluded that close confinement resulted in cage considerably - while constricting the severe distress for sows. space of her neighbor. The standard dimen- sions of gestation crates are 7' long x 2' pasture raised pigs were quicker to arrive at simplest basic rights. And there are those wide. By placing rows back-to-back, the market weight. All three systems required who don't. new crates can cut building space (the real about 35 man hours per sow per year. In net Astrid Lindgren, 82-year-old Swedish issue) by 11%, "while eliminating the major author, does believe in the humane treat- flaw: Limitation of movement," Curtis profit per sow, the mid-cost, partial con- finement system came out ahead. ment of animals and began writing a series points out. A similar study conducted by scientists of satiric stories for a Swedish newspaper. With all this concern about the well- at the University of Missouri-Columbia The articles underscored the plight of farm being of pigs, what are animal welfare College of Agriculture concluded that, animals -- hormone-injected cattle, teth- people talking about anyway? "During relatively low input costs-output ered pigs, battery-caged chickens. prices, the pasture system provided the It did not hurt that Ms. Lindgren had Alternatives highest return above all costs per sow." some political clout as well. By July, 1988, Despite such convincing studies, the trend Sweden had drafted a bill of rights in which Scientists in this and other countries have has escalated for total confinement produc- cattle, chickens and pigs were freed from studied many ways of raising pigs, and tion systems, not just in the raising of hogs many of the restrictions of factory farming. three are notable: 1) total confinement, but other farm animals as well. Small This extraordinary law bans the use of such as that seen in factory farming opera- farmers increasingly contract their work hormones and drugs, except to treat dis- tions; 2) partial confinement, such as pas- from the agribusiness operations. Farmers ease. Implementation is on a gradual basis, ture grazing combined with farrowing pens; provide the land and labor to raise animals so that farmers do not feel an unreasonable and 3) free range methods of pasture raising while absentee contractors provide the pigs economic burden while making the transi- with portable housing for shelter. Vari- and feed. On this basis, large confinement tion. ables in the studies include litters per sow production operations assuage the interests The gestation crate described above is per year, time until pigs reach 230 pounds of small farmers - and keep them quiet. prohibited under Sweden's new law, and (market weight), total pounds of feed per Many options exist - and have existed - in the change in Swedish attitude is noted in total pounds of pigs raised, and expenses contrast to total confinement systems of Astrid Lindgren's comment: "...nowadays incurred. rearing pigs. Even semi-intensive systems, we don't talk about production units when In an eight-year University of Tennessee indoors or out, can provide the animals with we mean cows and pigs and this is a blessed study of hog raising methods, the pasture bedding at the very least and more space in change. It was so difficult to say to a little system came out ahead on several counts, which to move and socialize, without eco- piglet: Hello, how are you today little pro- especially in initial outlay of $30,000, while nomic loss to producers. The studies of the duction unit?" partial confinement costs were $59,000 and Universities of Tennessee and Missouri We pose the question to American agri- total confinement a hefty $112,000. En- proved that. culture Lindgren once asked in Sweden: ergy costs for the three methods per pig The problem of animal welfare, unfortu- "...agriculture has to be profitable; that goes were $.36, $1.44 and $3.18, respectively. nately, is not as simple as simple econom- without saying. But hasn't it become a Pasture-raised hogs had fewer post-wean- ics. It would appear to be a problem of faith. question of profitability that has gone mad, ing losses and disease. Total confinement There are those who believe that animals and finally turned into its opposite? Isn't it pigs had higher feed efficiency although other than humankind are entitled to the time to look for new methods?" 5 TRAPPING
EC Ban on Fur Imports Could Begin in 1995 co i ue om age fade into the background. The debate leading up to the vote focused species (beaver, otter, coyote, wolf, lynx, Mrs Banotti reports on the basis of her entirely on the length of time that should be bobcat, sable and raccoon). The muskrat, a visit to Canada that there is widespread allowed before the import ban comes into fur-bearer of which more are trapped than alarm among trappers and others involved effect. Animal welfare organizations were of all the eight listed above put together, in the fur business over the EC proposal, but in favor of an early ban, e.g. in 1992, as each was not on the list. The European Parlia- also "a continuing resistance on the part of additional year means millions more ani- ment on September 10, however, brought many of the trappers to change". Thus, Mrs mals suffering in cruel traps. Mrs Banotti the muskrat and five other species (fisher, Banotti pointed out, "more stringent im- herself put forward 1994 as a compromise badger, marten, ermine and red squirrel) plementation" of the Fur Institute of between this early date and the European under the import ban umbrella. Canada's own trapping regulations "would Commission's original proposal of 1996, The red squirrel is an interesting addi- be needed". However, "representatives of believing that 1994 gave trappers a chance tion. Although amendments by Mrs Pol- the indigenous peoples expressed what we to mend their ways but was short enough to lack, Mrs Pauline Green, Mr Carlos Pi- are convinced is a genuine desire to elimi- provide a real incentive to do so. Another menta and Mr Michael Elliott to extend the nate the leghold trap from native trapping prominent Member of the European ban to cover furs from animals caught in and move to humane trapping methods that Parliament's Intergroup on Animal Wel- body snares all failed, the red squirrel is are in line with the indigenous peoples' fare, Mr Hemmo Muntingh, felt that 1995 footnoted "body snared" in the text adopted traditional respect for animals". Mrs Ba- was more appropriate, but that the extra by Parliament at the request of Mr Munt- notti welcomes this, pointing out that grace period of two years by which the ban ingh. This meant that red squirrels (but not "animal welfare does not prohibit the use of could be postponed for countires making other species) caught in body snares could animals for animal products, in contrast to tangible progress on trapping reform should no longer be exported to the EC when the at least part of the animal rights movement, be cut to one year only. It was his position import ban comes into effect. a distinction that is all too often not made, which was adopted by the Environment The fur trade and the Canadian Govern- not least by the fur trade itself. Animal Committee and which was approved by the ment have from the start said that they were welfare does insist that when animals are full House on September 10. in favor of international agreement on what used, they are not subjected to cruel or to The regulation approved by the Parlia- consitutes humane trapping. In fact, after ethologically inappropriate treatment". ment bans importation, exportation, manu- Gambia moved a resolution in the 1983 Within the European Parliament an over- facture, sale and use of the steel jaw leghold CITES conference against trade in animal whelming majority is convinced that the trap in EC countries as well as the importa- products produced by cruel means of cap- standard leghold trap is a cruel device.Many tion of pelts caught with these traps. ture, such as leghold traps, Canada set up a Members also believe that alternative, more As amended by the Parliament, it also committee within the International Stan- humane methods of trapping animals either requires both adequate administrative and dards Organization (ISO) to ward off any already exist but are not yet being used legislative provisions to prohibit use of the future attempts to have the leghold trap widely (in fact, Parliament adopted an leghold trap such as trap licensing, trapper condemned by CITES. This committee has amendment to the draft import ban pointing education programmes, trap replacement not drawn much support from other coun- this out), or that such alternatives are fea- programmes and daily trap inspections." It tries so far, but the European Commission's sible and only need time to be developed further requires that methods meet "stan- draft legislation excludes countries which (this latter point was emphasized by the dards agreed by competent authorities in prohibit the use of the leghold trap OR lobbyists of the fur trade). In either case, the countries concerned involving the par- which apply "internationally agreed hu- pressure, e.g. in the form of an impending ticipation of leading animal welfare organi- mane trapping standards", from the import import ban into the EC of furs caught using zations and experts." ban. the leghold trap, must be exerted to provide By 88 votes in favor and 62 against, the If internationally agreed humane trap- the economic motive to switch to more House repeated earlier votes in 1988 and ping standards were to allow the use of humane alternatives and/or to speed up the 1989 that a fur labeling system be intro- leghold traps, the entire import ban would development of alternatives. Some Mem- duced to cover the period until the import collapse. The European Parliament how- bers are more skeptical and believe that the ban comes into effect. The amendment by ever changed the "or" to an "and". To fur trade's talk of humane trap research is Mrs Anita Pollack requires the EC to im- escape the import ban, countries must not only a delaying tactic. plement an interim fur labeling scheme to only ban the leghold trap but also meet It should be pointed out in this context indicate which furs have been derived from internationally agreed humane trapping that a number of Members, not least Mrs animals trapped in the wild, so that con- standards, whatever these may turn out to Banotti herself, are concerned that a ban on sumers can start voting with their wallets be. imports of wild-caught furs without any even before the import ban comes into Parliament considered that the EC should options allowing for less cruel catching effect. become actively involved in the ISO trap- methods, will lead to an increase in fur One of the animal welfare criticisms of ping committee and inserted amendments farming which they see as highly undesir- the Commission's draft legislation was that to that effect. This can be viewed in two able from an animal welfare point of view. the ban only covered a limited number of ways: through participation in the ISO 6 TRAPPING
committee the EC may legitimize and be The native factor has been settled, politi- The European Commission will there- party to trapping standards which animal cally speaking, by granting a delay in the fore, in all likelihood, alter its draft legisla- welfarists consider humane in name only. implementation of the fur import ban long tion to add more species and bring the ban On the other hand, through participation enough to allow trappers to adapt. Although forward to January 1, 1995, with a possib- the EC can try to ensure that only those the length of the delay may yet change, the lity to give some countries until January 1, methods which are humane from an animal issue itself would seem to be secondary 1996. welfare point of view are adopted. Parlia- now. Emphasis, at least as far as the EC is The draft will then (probably early next ment adopted an amendment calling on the concerned, may well come to lie on the ISO year) go to the EC Council, made up of European Commission to earmark 100,000 process and the question what, if anything, ministers representing each of the member ECU a year over the next five years in order does "humane trapping standard" mean? states. If the ministers adopt the draft, it to pay ISO membership dues and to help Animal welfare organizations would be becomes law. "If" - it is far from certain fund humane trap research. wise to prepare for this upcoming debate they will, and even if they do, they may alter It also adopted an amendment from Mrs Pollack requiring the EC to ensure public o os: e : e Eu o ea freedom of access to all documentation on a iame s Intergroup on trapping research and the development of Animal Welfare in session. internationally agreed humane trapping Below: A raccoon caught in standards. This amendment is very impor- the grip of a steel jaw trap. tant. Mr Michael O'Sullivan of WSPA- This fur bearer is included in Canada is currently engaged in a Freedom the list of species covered by of Information procedure to try to obtain the proposed ban. details of the humane trap research being carried out in Vegreville (Alberta), which the public authorities have so far refused to divulge to WSPA and other animal welfare organizations. It is also worth noting that this amendment was one of the amend- which is going to crystallize around techni- ments that the fur lobbyists in the European cal and scientific asessments of traps, trap- Parliament opposed right to the end, when related injury, drowning times for muskrats they had already given up trying to stop and the like. some of the other amendments. Parliament has now delivered its verdict. The plight of the native trappers in the far What happens next? North dominated the fur debate in the Euro- The European Commission may now alter pean Parliament over the past two years and its proposed legislation to take account of was certainly the fur trade's most powerful Parliament's views. It is not obliged to counter-argument. In fact, few of the fur follow Parliament, but as far as the fur trade's other arguments made much head- import ban is concerned the reaction from way with members of the European Parlia- the European Commissioner responsible, ment. It is quite possible that if it were not Mr Carlo Ripa di Meana, has been most en- for the native peoples factor, Parliament couraging. He told Parliament that he sup- would have voted for a fur import ban start- ported the amendments: ing almost immediately. The native peoples moving the date the ban will come into have not received much gratitude in their force forward to January 1, 1995; own country: the Canadian Government, restricting the additional grace period which excelled in telling Members of the which may be given to countries making the draft in any way they see fit. The Coun- European Parliament that they must respect progress in trapping reform to one year cil is the last hurdle before the import ban native livelihoods and culture, turned around only; becomes EC law, but it is perhaps the most and quashed a Mohawk attempt to assert I adding six extra species to those covered formidable. cultural identity virtually on the day the fur by the ban. import ban was voted in Parliament.* A o Ga e eek is e o i ica Assis a o The commissioner did not support the Eu og ou o A ima We a e (a oi e Sec e a ia '[Editor's note] Canadian troops were dispatched to amendment on fur labelling, which he con- o e I e g ou o A ima We a e o e Eu o ea quell an insurrection by native peoples protesting sidered technically impossible to carry out, a iame . O i io s e esse i is a ic e a e e proposed use of their ancient burial grounds as a golf nor the one earmarking EC money for au o s ow a i o way commi Eu og ou o course. humane trap research. A ima We a e o e I e g ou o A ima We a e. Special Meeting to Consider Proposal for Total Environmental Protection of Antarctica, 39 Nations Expected to Participate
A "Special Consultative Meeting" of the similar to Australia's. France a parties to the Antarctic Treaty will be held joined Australia in submitting this November in Santiago, Chile to con- a proposal to the Antarctic a sider the issue of total protection of the Ant- Treaty for a "comprehensive arctic environment. All 39 nations which environmental protection con- have signed the Treaty are expected to at- vention." tend. The decision to convene this meeting The US Senate and House of comes in the wake of an announcement last Representatives passed joint May by the Australian Government not to resolutions this October calling sign the Convention on the Regulation of on the United States to "en- Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities courage immediate negotiations (CRAMRA). Prime Minister Robert Hawke toward a new agreement...for stated his government would instead try to the full protection of Antarc- gain international support for a new con- tica as a global ecological com- vention that would ban mining in the Ant- mons." Legislation that would arctic as well as establish standards for the further implement those reso- protection of that fragile ecosystem. lutions by prohibiting US na- CRAMRA was created in New Zealand, tionals from engaging in any June 1988. To take effect it must be ratified mineral activities and directing by at least 16 of the 20 states which were the Secretary of State to negoti- then contracting parties of the Antarctic ate a mining ban is also ex- Treaty including all seven of the nations pected, to pass Congress this Photos: Above: Adelie Penguins at Cape Royal; Right: Mrs. Pauline Reilly, one of Australia's foremost which claim territory in Antarctica (of which fall. The US now supports experts on penguins, amongst the Royal Penguins of Macquarie Island; Left: a black beaked gull Australia is one). Since the time Prime negotiation of a new compre- scavenging through a rubbish dump at a USSR base. Minister Hawke stated it was "both desir- hensive agreement. o m a , cou esy Em assy o Aus a ia able and possible to seek stronger protec- Noel Campbell, author of the following tion for what remains the world's last great article, is the Counsellor at the Australian wilderness", the governments of France, Embassy in Washington. He presents Italy, Belgium, the Soviet Union and New Australia's case for a new environmental Zealand have all made announcements protection regime and a ban on mining. Australia and France Advocate 'Nature Reserve' Status, Ban on Mining
by Noel Campbell Antarctica as a "nature reserve - land of emment believes that any realistic mining only rational course is to eliminate the pos- science". To describe the area as a "land of venture in the Antarctic would carry with it sibility of additional high impact activities 0 - Despite its great size, only two percent of science" links preservation of the Antarctic unacceptable environmental risks. The such as mining. To allow mining on this Antarctica is free from ice cover and, at the environment with the immense scientific effect of mining would be concentrated in continent would not only nullify the effect a same time, located near the coast. A grow- value of the region. The importance of sensitive off-shore and coastal areas and of a new environmental protection regime, ing international competition exists for these Antarctica for science, especially the un- would entail major shore installations in the but also render meaningless the otherwise areas for human activities since they pro- derstanding and monitoring of global cli- vulnerable ice-free area near the coast. serious concern that the Antarctic Treaty vide for access to and a base for operation mate change, is obvious. The rigor of climatic conditions in the Parties have all professed in adopting the on the continent. Unfortunately these are For adequate environmental protection region means that the risks of an accident existing, though imperfect, collection of the very areas which are the habitat of the two governments have recommended happening are magnified and are never environmental measures. much of the fragile Antarctic fauna and that a new convention be established ad- likely to be reduced to acceptable levels. Australia believes the challenge at San- flora. dressing such points as: uniform standards The most sensitive areas, like the Antarc- tiago in November is twofold. First, to The competition threatens to become applicable to all human conduct in the re- tic Peninsula and the Ross Sea embayment, begin a process of negotiation for a new more and more intense with the greater gion (current lack of this is a major weak- are areas of particularly high biological ac- legal instrument which will, within the number of scientific bases and an increase ness in the existing system); environmental tivity where wildlife is concentrated and shortest time frame possible, lead to a in tourism. There is a wide agreement impact assessment; inspection and moni- where human interference can be disas- comprehensive and effective plan to pro- among the Antarctic Treaty Parties that en- toring; provisions to modify and even ter- trous. If there is mining large-scale accidents tect the Antarctic environment. Second, to vironmental regulation of science, tourism minate activities when this is shown to be will occur and will have major consequences achieve progress on the related issue of and industry needs to be covered with one necessary; zoning schemes incorporating a for the Antarctic environment. putting in place some more satisfactory comprehensive approach. protected area system; provisions for re- In short, if there is already concern about prohibition of mineral resource activities The Australian/French proposal for such sponse action and a liability plan. the environmental implications of compe- than the voluntary restraint agreement that an approach involves the establishment of In regard to mining, the Australian Gov- tition between science and tourism, the now exists. 8 9 WILDLIFE
by hunters last year and the Di- University vision of Wildlife Resources is proposing to raise the number Professor of hunting permits in 1991 and extend the season two weeks Convicted of during prime hunting condi- tions. Cougar hunting is al- Wildlife Crimes lowed year round in Arizona. A rancher can kill as many as he wants as long as he reports it A tenured Professor at San Jose within ten days. In Texas, State University, also serving cougars are still considered as Curator of two museums at "varmints". Female cougars the school, has recently been California Bans Trophy are given no protective status in found guilty of multiple wild- any of the states. life offenses. The Professor, Hunting of Mountain Lions Proposition 117 was fiercely Thomas G. Balgooyen, was opposed by such groups as the convicted in June by a federal The mountain lion, a species June 5 by a vote of 52.5 percent California Cattlemen's Asso- trial jury of Lacey Act viola- that is being increasingly threat- yes and 47.5 percent no, the Act ciation, National Rifle Asso- tions arising out of his taking a ened by hunting and loss of was originally a voter initia- ciation (NRA) and Safari Club University class to Oregon and habitat, has finally got some of tive, introduced with petitions International. According to the there collecting wildlife pro- the protection it deserves. signed by more than 671,000 Mountain Lion Preservation tected by law as well as taking California voters recently registered voters. Foundation, NRA tried hard to double the number of wildlife passed Proposition 117, the Mountain lions or cougars hide their involvement by wait- specimens allowed under his California Wilderness Protec- receive little protection ing until the last minute to permit. Balgooyen was a tion Act, which bans trophy throughout the west and mid- contribute money and refusing member of San Jose's Depart- hunting of mountain lions in west although they are listed as to list their contributions until ment of Biological Sciences, the state and allocates $30 mil- endangered in most eastern after the deadline. Just weeks the Chief Curator of the Mu- lion annually for the next 30 states where few remain. In before the election the NRA re- seum of Herpetology and Cu- years to enhance and purchase Utah, despite an unknown cou- portedly spent $186,000 in an rator of the Museum of Birds wildlife habitat. Approved on gar population, 231 were killed attempt to defeat the bill. and Mammals. Evidence seized from the Museums and his home was extensive. About 36 speci- mens of protected Australian Oil Spill Legislation Passes Congress, Finally reptiles, 46 similar specimens from Mexico and 110 illegally A lot has happened in the sixteen months since the Exxon Valdez buried the shores of Prince William taken specimens from various Sound with crude oil. There were five spills in New York Harbor; three in New Jersey; two off the Coast States in the US were seized of Texas; one in California. But rejoice: after 15 years of deliberation, Congress has unanimously from the Museums while vari- approved legislation, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, aimed at oil spill prevention and shipper liability. ous mounted birds were seized However, don't get too excited there is still the Murkow ski amendment to the recent Defense Authori- from his home. Balgooyen zation bill. On August 3, the Senate approved the amendment introduced by Mr. Murkowski which denied knowledge of the illegal urges the President to take steps to reduce our dependence on foreign oil. One "step" was to open ex- content of the museums. ploration and production in federal lands like the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Perhaps the greatest crime The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 will require double hulls on all newly-constructed oil tankers. (The Balgooyen committed was one National Transportation Safety Board estimated that if the Exxon Valdez had had a double hull, the he was not officially charged spillage -- 11 million gallons -- would have been negligible.) Unfortunately, existing single hull ves- with, setting for his impression- sels will have another 20 years for the phase-out. Under the original House legislation tankers of all able students such a deplorable sizes would have been required to have double hulls and these within 15 years. And the largest vessels example of University ethics were to have been strengthened in seven years. and an absolute disregard for The deadline for the current bill begins on January 1, 1995, when single hull tankers of 30,000 tons wildlife which, if his example that are at least 38 years old would have to be retrofitted or retired. Larger tankers, like the Valdez, could is followed, would result in the remain in service beyond the year 2,000 but by 2010, all tankers in US waters must have double hulls. decimation of wildlife wher- The new legislation also sets up a billion dollar trust fund to pay for clean-up damages. The maximum ever his students travel. Let us pollution liability for ship owners jumped eight-fold from the current $150 per gross ton to $1,200 per hope their lasting impressions gross ton. In cases of gross negligence, willful misconduct, or violation of federal safety standards, the will be of his trial rather than bill imposes unlimited liability on the spiller. Gayle Wood his lectures and field trips.
10 Ic o Clark Bavin, Leader in Wildlife Law Enforcement C ie o 1 yea s o aw E o ceme o e is a Wi i e Se ice is ea is a g ea oss "He took us from waders to three-piece Service's law enforcement efforts. suits." That was the thought that agents Christine Stevens, Secretary of the often expressed about Law Enforcement Monitor consortium of conservation or- Chief Clark Bavin, according to Tom ganizations, called Bavin an "ideal public Wharton, Senior Resident Agent in At- servant in getting what Congress asked to lanta. Of course, as wildlife agents, they have done in the face of enormous opposi- keep their waders handy. tion." She also credited him with recogniz- As Chief from 1972 to 1990, the longest ing agent's achievements through the term in the history of the Division of Law Monitor awards adding, "Clark explained Enforcement, Clark Bavin was responsible why agents risked their lives." for the dramatic change in the direction of Congressman Walter B. Jones of North Federal wildlife protection efforts. This Carolina, Chairman of the House Merchant change resulted from a combination of Marine and Fisheries Committee, has spon- factors -- the separation of the Division of sored a bill to name the Fish and Wildlife Management and Enforcement into its two Service's forensics laboratory in honor of functions and the passage of landmark Clark Bavin. Chairman Jones said that the conservation laws reflecting the nation's Chief had served with distinction and that conscience. While the Office of Migratory the agency's law enforcement program "has Bird Management undertook management grown in sophistication and effectiveness activities including waterfowl surveys, the to the point where it is the finest enforce- Division of Law Enforcement focused on ment operation in the world and the envy of changing from predominantly field types all nations." The year-old forensics lab, a of operations under the Migratory Bird Cl r v n, " b lt th t ff t v decade in the making, provides technical ldl f pr t t n n n th rld." Treaty Act and the Lacey Act to white- expertise in combatting wildlife crime collar investigations related to the growing demonstrates what Clark tried to make clear: through conducting electronic surveillance sophistication in wildlife trade. illegal activities are 'big-league.' The serv- and identifying species. Jones cited Bavin' s Lynn Greenwalt, Director of the Fish and ice needed an organization to deal with that, vision and dedication in achieving protec- Wildlife Service from 1973 to 1981, said of not in size but in design and composition." tion for the wildlife heritage of out country. Bavin, "He presided over a fundamental "He built the most effective wildlife "Clark Bavin forcefully 'brought home' change in Law Enforcement, making it protection agency in the world," observed the need for a special unit to prosecute truly investigative on a plane never before Kathryn Fuller, President of the World wildlife violations," said Jim Kilbourne, approached by conservation law enforce- Wildlife Fund, adding that, "Today, many Acting Chief of the Wildlife Section estab- ment." Now the National Wildlife other countries use Clark's work as a model lished in 1979 at the Department of Justice. Federation's Vice-President for Interna- for their own programs." In 1984, the Justice Department recognized tional Affairs, Greenwalt mentioned the In order to address illegal commerciali- Bavin with its highest honor for people trade in rare species requiring the service to zation, which, except for habitat loss, poses outside the Department, the John Marshall redefine the role of enforcement and com- the greatest threat to wildlife populations, Award for Outstanding legal achievement. mented, "Clark Bavin convinced people Bavin opted to use undercover investiga- Bavin began his 27-year career with the that agents should follow paper trails and tions, setting up a small Special Operations Fish and Wildlife Service as a Refuge Offi- read ledgers," adding, "he did well in ad- Unit to penetrate poaching schemes. Dur- cer at Crab Orchard National Wildlife dressing the early-day tension about whether ing the past few years, covert operations Refuge in Illinois and also served as a US agents should engage in those activities." have resulted in successful prosecutions for Game Management Agent in Elgin, Illi- In engineering the transition from game illegal activities such as commercializing nois, before coming to Washington in 1967 management agents to criminal investiga- in striped bass, trading in live reptiles and to head the Service's national law enforce- tors, Bavin created a cadre of officers birds of prey, killing deer and eagles for ment training program. sometimes referred to as "the FBI of the sale, and guiding for waterfowl and big He is survived by his wife Sandy, and wildlife world." With the additional re- game. Fines total well over $1 million. The two sons, Bill and Clark, Jr. sponsibilities, agent positions were up- conviction rate is 98 percent. graded in recognition of the complex nature "Some of our biggest successes have A further abridged version of this article of wildlife cases. been projects with Clark Bavin," offered appeared in Fish and Wildlife News. Greenwalt noted that the same people Roger Caras, Special Correspondent for -- Ann Haas who are dealing with illegal traffic in ani- Animals and the Environment for ABC Division of Law Enforcement mal skins are dealing in drugs. "this fact News, regarding television coverage of the US Fish and Wildlife Service 11 WI I E
e io ica easu es by John Gleiber Sea Turtles in Peril There is probably no greater turn around in tries, eleven US locations, a thousand on Greek Island the layman's approach to nature than the pounds of fragile equipment to be trans- Texans' attitude to bats. They have shifted ported around (including customs) and a On July 12, 1990, several volunteer conser- from the feared symbol of arcane folklore cast of stars who only emerge from their vation workers who were monitoring sea to loveable flying wonders in an incredibly caves at night are some of the factors they turtle breeding activities on the Greek is- short time. It has all happened because of a had to face. Problems that would make land of Zakynthos, were physically as- single person, the one and only Merlin Indiana Jones hang up his hat didn't stop saulted by a group of landowners. Two of Tuttle. Merlin and Dieter. They have come up with the volunteers required immediate hospital I used to think of Merlin as a somewhat a record of bat behavior that will remain an treatment, one received stitches on his head. eccentric name. But, I have come to realize icon of nature reportage. This incident was the culmination of a long that his parents knew exactly what they A special delight in the summer issue is struggle between greedy landowners desir- were about. Merlin has accomplished a feat the letter gently (well, fairly gently) setting ing greater profits from tourist develop- of magic that his Camelot mentor could Ann Landers to rights on her recent, ill- ment and the Sea Turtle Protection Society never have equalled. He has done this with researched column on the perils of bat (STPS) striving to save the nesting sites of a beguiling combination of charm, single- exposure. Ann gleefully leaps into the fray loggerhead turtles. mindedness and an obsessive passion for by citing the number of letters she has re- Eighty percent of sea turtle nesting sites these wondrous flying creatures. ceived from victims of fruit bat bites, ac- in the Mediterranean are found on the is- Anyone wishing to study his technique cording to Ann "the variety touted to be land of Zakynthos. There is also a booming will find it all spelled out in Bats, the Quar- harmless". More in sorrow than in anger, tourist industry. The Greek Government, terly of Bat Conservation, International, Merlin points out that there have been no in an attempt to save the turtles' nesting published in Texas. Here are short articles fruit bats on the North American continent places, has designated several beaches on with the word bat appearing in every sen- for 10,000 years. The sorrow comes from the island off limits to development. The tence of more than ten words, the most the realization that her thoughtless, off-the- government has received money from the appealing photographs you could hope for cuff reply can do so much harm to so harm- European Community to compensate land- and articles about what is going on in Bat less a creature. The anger is at her irrespon- owners on whose properties such businesses Land. sibility. could have been built. These payments For example, there is an account of a t makes it clear that the bat, any bat, have often not been made or not been enough forthcoming TV special. Dieter Plage (an- is a creature of rare delight and an important to satisfy the landowners. Some have gone other name to conjure with) with Merlin at ecological asset. Of how many of us can ahead with construction illegally. his heels, has finished a Survivor Anglia this be said? The STPS has been trying to pressure the production which will be shown on CBS Bat Conservation International government into enforcing its decree on this fall (not scheduled at the time of this P.O. Box 162603 beach development. Turtles in affected writing). Locations in eight foreign coun- Austin, TX 78716 areas who are not driven back to sea by the bright lights of the island's nightlife risk their nests being speared by a beach um- brella the next day. The hatchlings that emerge become disoriented by the night lights and further threatened by the man- made hazards. On July 19 STPS decided to return to their work counting turtles and their nests. Police protection was provided, however such a large angry mob of protestors har- assed them that both police and volunteers were forced to leave. On another beach that same night a British volunteer was attacked by several locals and hospitalized. With the police reluctant to take any action the STPS program and the survival of loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean is in jeopardy. Please write a letter of protest to the Prefect of Zakynthos, Nomapzia, 29100 A curious flying fox inspects Dr. MerlinTuttle's camera. Zakynthos, GREECE. 12 Fur Buyers Guilty of Smuggling Bobcat Hides State University of
Two former fur buyers were recently found 27 were found guilty by a federal court jury NY Reverses Policy guilty of receiving and concealing bobcat on all seven counts under which they were hides they knew were imported illegally charged. on Dissection from Mexico. Government prosecutor, Tom McHugh, William "Rusty" Wallace III and Jack said the defendants had a network of trap- In an abrupt about-face, the State Univer- Ivey, formerly employed by D & W Fur, pers and dealers along the US-Mexican sity at Stony Brook (SUNY) has stated in Inc. of Halletsville, Texas, on September border smuggling Mexican bobcat hides documents filed in the United States Dis- into the US. Wallace alleg- trict Court for the Eastern District of New edly purchased bobcat tags York that it does not compel students to in the names of several bor- dissect animals in the basic biology course . der residents. He affixed these offered at SUNY. SUNY's action came to the pelts so that wildlife after a Stony Brook sophmore, Jennifer agents would believe the Routh, filed a lawsuit against Stony Brook bobcats were trapped in and her biology instructor. The lawsuit was Texas. People whose names brought by The American Society for the appeared on the licences said Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) they had never seen them and the Rutgers Urban Legal Clinic. before, some said they never trapped in their life. Mexican bobcats have protected status h d f nd nt r l n b b t ht n t l j tr p in Mexico. Course to Discuss Animal Experimentation Ethics
Sandy, a Broadway The Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Geor- getown University announces a course Legend, Dies at 16 "Ethical Issues of Animal Experimenta- tion" to be held on campus, Washington, A show business veteran, Sandy the undis- D.C., in March 1991. Despite the activity puted star of "Annie", died in his sleep on in the political and legal arenas and the im- August 29. Sandy lived for 16 years, three portant social changes in attitudes that are of them miserable and then 13 of them occurring, the examination of the funda- happy, as the acclaimed actor and the be- mental ethical issues in animal experimen- loved friend and companion of Bill Berloni tation has heretofore been neglected. The who rescued him from the Connecticut purpose of this academic course is to ad- Humane Society in the best tradition of dress these ethical dimensions of animal melodrama, the, day before he was to be put experimentation, to convey information, down as unwanted and unadopted. and to provide a forum for discussion. The With no background or training, Bill and course is aimed at members of Institutional Sandy working together developed a stage Animal Care and Use Committees, biomedi- persona that thrilled and touched thousands cal scientists, administrative officials, mem- who thronged to 2,377 performances to bers of the public, and others interested in hear the familiar "arr. S nd f n dv t f r n l lf r . these issues. Sandy was well known at the AWI office. Topics to be addressed include the moral He lunched here occasionally, when ap- brought respect, even when you wanted to standing of animals, rights and obligations, pearing at the Kennedy Center, and, we are cuddle him. He led a charmed life with the the, application of moral standing to indi- proud to say, our recommended veterinar- Berlonis and he earned it with his talent, his Adual species, the roles of animal pain and ian cured him of a touch of malaise so that good manners and his determination to be suffering, trading harms and benefits, trad- he was able to maintain his then unbroken worthy of his good fortune. ing species such as a primate versus a rat, record of being on stage at every perform- Memorial contributions honoring Sandy and government responsibilities to rights ance. may be made to: and obligations, among others. Sandy can only be described as dear. He Connecticut Humane Society, o e ai s, co ac Ms. Mic e e e S ee y, Cou se was winsome and appealing, but, most of 701 Russell Road A mi is a o , Ke e y I s i u e o E ics, Geo all, he had a dignity and presence that Newington, Connecticut 06111. ge ow U i e si y, Was i g o , .C. 200 . e3 BOOKS
l nd tific information about beavers. The per- h M n Wh l nt d r by Hope Ryden sonality of the different animals emerges by Jean Giono William Morrow and Company, Inc. (New but is always within a framework which Wood Engravings by Michael McCurdy York), 1989. 256 pages. $17.95 can be justified in animal behavioral terms. Chelsea Green Publishing Company No one, after reading this book, should be (Chelsea, Vermont 05038), 1985. 52 Beaver watching, even for as accomplished able to view beavers with less than awe. Se- pages, illustrated, $6.95. an observer of wildlife as Hope Ryden, is questered in their beautifully constructed extraordinarily difficult, for so much of lodges throughout the long winter in their Master storyteller Jean Giono wrote this beaver family life takes place inside the ice-covered ponds, the murmurs and mut- magical myth nearly fifty years ago. It was lodge or below the surface of the water. terings that sound so much like an indeci- first published in Vogue in the days before Listening to beaver voices through the roof pherable human language, express the the destruction of forests became a public of their well-constructed lodge, an edifice peaceful communal life of the beaver fam- issue. Now it has come into its own, adorned carefully plastered together with mud from ily. Their astounding skill in felling se- with woodcuts by Michael McCurdy that the bottom of the pond, was a favorite lected trees and constructing dams is com- convey the power of the silent, steadfast means for the author to gauge their well- mon knowledge, but Hope Ryden throws a planter of trees. He helps nature to come being or their troubles, especially in winter new light on them and new passion into back and restore a desolate desert land, defense of beavers as individuals. exploited to the limit, then abandoned by When a vandal breaks the dam that the people who had once lived there. g. created Lily Pond, she tells how the Wisely, the Native Forest Council sends patriarch of the beaver tribe, the In- a copy to those who support its work, thus spector General worked frantically bringing a literary masterpiece into the thick to stop the powerful flow of water. of the fray and, by its intellectual and "To plug the myriad crannies in the emotional level, besting the vulgar vested rock pile through which enormous interests who are blind to the natural world volumes of water were escaping, he unless it produces profits for them. uprooted whole lily plants, higgedly- piggedly to the right, left, back, and front of him and he used these as ou Gui es Co ce e wi caulking material." Four members of the family followed his lead and E a ge e S ecies went to work pulling lily plants, June 22, 1990 when their carefully husbanded food sup- "...clutching these vegetative masses be- Dear Mrs. Stevens: plies, twigs, branches and lily rhizomes tween their short arms and chin, they too A most heartfelt thank you for donating often ran low. disappeared underwater, where they re- 80 copies of The Endangered Species The voices of beaver kits, shown here, mained for however long it took them to Handbook for the American Society of can first be heard inside the lodge before locate and plug up an underwater chink in Travel Agents' first environmental confer- they are escorted by their parents through the stone wall." The beavers and their ence. It was a definite hit with our partici- the plunge hole into the outside world. human friends won out against seemingly Model parents they are who allow the little insuperable odds in saving Lily Pond. pants. ones to ride on their backs or their wide, flat The Animal Welfare Institute's knowl- The book is scheduled to be published in tails when the kits tire. edge and prominence in the conservation Russian, Dutch, German and Swedish. It Beaver families are very close. The field is well respected, and we are most will come out in paperback in October weaned young are welcome to stay in the appreciative of your generous gift. This under the Harper Collins aegis. Hardback lodge as long as they please along with the book will serve as a useful tool to tour copies can still be obtained by ordering newborn infants. Ms. Ryden follows the operators, travel agents, government tour- them from William Morrow, Inc., the origi- fortunes of Lily, the Inspector General (the ism officials, carriers and conservation paterfamilias whom she first observed nal publishers. groups alike in elevating the awareness of swimming purposefully past the dam he For beaver enthusiasts, A Book of Grey the problems facing our planet, in this in- and Lily had constructed, apparently look- Owl, Selections from His Wildlife Stories, stance, the extinction and endangerment of ing for any flaws or needed repairs), and edited by E.E. Reynolds and published by aiaimal species. Now, our task is to join their offspring Blossom, Laurel, the Skip- MacMillan of Canada (Toronto) makes an together and work to find viable solutions. per, Lotus, Huckleberry, Buttercup, Daisy, interesting follow-up to Lily Pond and to I appreciate your valuable contribution Dogwood, Fern, Sandy, Sweet Potato and keep abreast of beaver fortunes and misfor- to our conference. Yam, two born each year. tunes, you may wish to subscribe to "The Cordially, Each observation is documented with Beaver Defenders", P.O. Box 765, Voit Gilmore, Certified Travel Counsellor care and often compared with other scien- Newfield, NJ 08344. President and Chief Executive Officer
14 OOKS
The Burning Season, The Murder boasted of murders they had committed, jaguar had no intention of hurting him, and of Chico Mendes and the Fight for and their connection with the local sheriff he had no intention of hurting the jaguar. But it was getting late, and he needed to get the Amazon Rain Forest was common knowledge. Darci Alves confessed to Mendes' murder, but his family home. Finally, he held his dull knife ready, by Andrew Revkin thinks he will be released soon. just in case, and spoke to the animal: 'Jaguar, Houghton Mifflin (Boston), 1990. There was another presence, however, I need to pass.' The cat leaped from the trail 317 pages, illustrated, $19.95. that stood above and apart in this history of and vanished into the forest." human greed, ferocity and political corrup- Revkin reflects this attitude of sympathy When Chico Mendes was five years old tion: the rain forest itself. The satellite towards other species in his acknowledg- he was gathering wood and hauling water. pictures of the smoke and flames engulfing ments. After many thanks to people in and One of eighteen children, only six of whom this great majestic world wonder, "the last out of the rain forest who helped him compile lived to be adults, he learned to read by great reservoir of biological diversity on his fascinating account, his parents and his persuading his father to teach him late at earth," brought international media to the wife, he adds, "My dog, Woody, kept me night while the rest of the family slept. scene. The love of the seringueiros for the human." It may be the only such acknowl- When he was twelve, he regularly made the forest contrasted sharply with the cattle edgment ever published. three-hour hike to visit Euclides Tavora, a barons' cynical determination to destroy it. mysterious fugitive who had escaped from As Revkin writes: "The rural workers had an island penal colony set up by the dictator driven two of Brazil's biggest ranchers clear Bequests to the Animal Vargas. The leftist intellectual provided an out of Acre - a man nicknamed Rei de Welfare Institute education otherwise unavailable to a rub- Nelore (King of Cattle) and Geraldo Bor- ber tapper's child. There were no schools, don, the owner of one of Brazil's biggest To all of you who would like to help assure and the seringueiros or rubber tappers were meat-packing corporations." the Animal Welfare Institute's future regularly cheated by the middlemen who The Epilogue contains revealing quota- through a provision in your will, this gen- bought the rubber the tappers skillfully tions from rubber tappers who are carrying eral form of bequest is suggested: extracted from trees they visited every two on in the Mendes tradition. "All these "I give, devise and bequeath to the Ani- or three days, being careful not to harm people here are fighting for the environ- mal Welfare Institute, a not-for-profit cor- them. ment. If you don't know what the environ- poration located in Washington, D.C. the Andrew Revkin has written a compelling ment is, it is the place where man and the sum of $ and/or (specifically de- narrative filled with unexpected characters animals live together," said an earnest young scribed property). and events. It's as hard to put down as a spokesman for the seringueiros. Another We welcome any inquiries you may have. detective story, though crammed with in- told how he was walking home on a trail In cases where you have specific wishes formation about the rain forests and their and saw a large jaguar--the biggest he had about the disposition of your bequest, we human inhabitants. ever seen. He watched as the jaguar circled suggest you discuss such provisions with Murder in the Amazon is commonplace. and lay down, completely blocking the your attorney. Mendes was the fifth Brazilian rural union trail. "The jaguar lazily rolled over, Animal Welfare Institute leader to be killed in 1988. Pistoleiros are stretched, and twisted from side to side, Post Office Box 3650 readily available. The Alves clan openly scratching its back. Joao realized that the Washington, DC 20007
Animal Welfare Institute Directors Cy ia Wi so ice esi e International Committee Staff Ma e ei e eme ma s Ma o ie Cooke Sec e a y A i e e A u a M - Me ico Wi iam Cotreau, Research Associate Ma o ie Cooke oge S e e s easu e G A ikas M - G eece Rosita Eck, Administrative Assistant Am assa o a a ak usai - for Communications C is a e Goug Diane Halverson, Research Associate a i i a g a es for Farm Animals Sue o i gswo Scientific Committee A ge a Ki g - U i e Ki g om Henry Ilerbennann, Publications ee o G ewe Ma o ie A c e Simo Muc i u - Ke ya Coordinator C is i e S e e s Ge a e a a i ica o - Ca a a Lynne Hutchison, Ai ee ai e e e y M Go o e o S u i - C i e Whale Campaign Coordinator M s umi iko ogo - a a Hope Jewett, Administrative Assistant Cy ia Wi so a a a O a s Cathy Liss, Research Associate oge ay e K aus es e gaa - Nell Naughton, Mail Order Secretary Officers Samue eacock M e ma k Greta Nilsson, Wildlife Consultant C is i e S e e s esi e o Wa s M A e ey Ya oko - U S S Lydia Swart, Research Assistant
15 Eco Detectives Awarded The Art of Bird Smuggling in Australia AWI's Schweitzer Medal
Export of native birds plucked from the cages were previously weighted down. Two undercover environmental detectives wild is illegal in Australia, as it is in the I A British film crew making a documen- surfaced on September 24 to receive, the Albert Schweitzer Medal for their work on United States and more than one hundred tary about the rare Cape Parrots and their other countries. But bird dealers, avid for hatchling young was secretly followed by behalf of elephants, dolphins and wild birds. the money that can be made from sales of smugglers. By the next day the smugglers Allan Thornton and Dave Currey are direc- exotic birds, continue smuggling opera- had stolen the parent birds, the hatchlings tors of the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA). Usually operating behind tions. New York State has prohibited im- and the eggs from all 30 trees, leaving ports and sales of exotic wild caught birds, nothing behind. the scenes, they have confronted the world's but in other states the commercial bird trade biggest ivory smugglers, documented dol- has blocked enactment of such laws, and I An aviculturist who photographed what phin killing across the world, and tracked the public has no way of knowing that he thought were Paradise Parrots, believed the bird trappers from Africa to the United smuggled birds are offered for sale. It to be extinct for almost seventy years, was States and Europe. knows nothing about the international oper- offered more than $ 2,500,000 for a pair Some of their activities are already leg- ations made up of tree climbers, trappers, from a European collector eager to own two endary. For example, on an investigation in middlemen, breeders, owners and pilots of of the few remaining birds. the United Arab Emirates (UAE), they pene- airplanes and boats. On the international trated a high security zone to expose a I Because the Queensland, Australia wild- market, prices for Australian birds range poached ivory factory. Perched inside a from over $400 a pair for Fig Parrots to life rangers were "overly dedicated" in cardboard box on top of a forklift truck, seeking indictments under the Fauna Con- over $ 20,000 a pair for Palm Cockatoos. they filmed and photographed the Hong servation Act, they were replaced about ten Kong Chinese carvers through a hole in the The Weekend Australian Magazine re- years ago with park rangers who lack the box. This and other EIA evidence resulted cently uncovered these horrifying facts: necessary training to stop smuggling. in the closure of ivory factories throughout Smugglers intentionally kill birds to avoid I The attitude in the smuggling business is UAE. being caught with them. A well-known clearly stated by a trader who said in the The medals were presented by Senator trafficker dumped 40 pairs of caged Golden New York Times, "If it's not extinct we can John Heinz. The remarks of the Senator, Shouldered Parrots overboard, rather that get it. If it is, we will try. Extra time needed Mrs. Heinz and the medalists will appear in be caught by a Naval patrol vessel. The for endangered species." the next issue of the Quarterly.
Animal Welfare Institute o o i O g. Post Office Box 3650 U.S. OS AGE Washington, DC 20007 AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00
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