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Downloaded 2021-09-30T05:32:28Z Provided by the author(s) and University College Dublin Library in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Organised labour - an actor of Euro-democratisation, Euro-technocracy or (re-) nationalisation? Trade-union strategies concerning the European integration process Authors(s) Erne, Roland Publication date 2004-06 Publisher European University Institute Link to online version http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/5175; http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5175 Item record/more information http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6313 Downloaded 2021-09-30T05:32:28Z The UCD community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters! (@ucd_oa) © Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Department of Political and Social Sciences ORGANISED LABOUR - AN ACTOR OF EURO-DEMOCRATISATION, EURO-TECHNOCRACY OR RE-NATIONALISATION? Trade-union strategies concerning the European integration process by Roland ERNE Thesis submitted for assessment with A view to obtaining the Degree of Doctor of the European University Institute Jury Members: Prof. Dr. Ulrich K. Preuss (Freie Universität Berlin) (External Co-Supervisor) Prof. Dr. Franz Traxler (Universität Wien) (External Supervisor) Prof. Dr. Philippe C. Schmitter (EUI) (Co-Supervisor) Prof. Dr. Colin Crouch (EUI) (Supervisor) Florence, June 2004 Für meine Eltern 1 I. Introduction ...........................................................................................6 II. Approaching a Euro-democracy..........................................................10 A. IS A DEMOCRATIC EU POLITY POSSIBLE? ...................................................................... 11 B. EXPLORING FUTURE EU-POLITY DEVELOPMENTS.......................................................... 20 C. TRADE UNIONS: AN ACTOR OF EURO-DEMOCRATISATION?............................................ 29 III. Do unions have an interest in Euro-democratisation? .........................34 A. POWER RESOURCES OF TRADE-UNIONS.......................................................................... 34 B. TRADE-UNION POWER RESOURCES WITHIN THE EU POLITY........................................... 40 C. WHICH EU POLITY DEVELOPMENT WOULD FAVOUR LABOUR INTERESTS? .................... 51 IV. Research design...................................................................................58 A. THE LOGIC OF THIS QUALITATIVE, COMPARATIVE MULTI-LEVEL INQUIRY..................... 58 B. CASE STUDY SELECTION ................................................................................................ 61 C. SOURCES AND RESEARCH METHODS .............................................................................. 64 V. Collective bargaining: The tension between national competition and European coordination.........................................................................65 A. THE (DEFICIENT) EUROPEAN POLITICS OF COLLECTIVE WAGE BARGAINING.................. 66 B. THE STRATEGIC WAGE BARGAINING DILEMMAS OF ORGANISED LABOUR ...................... 73 VI. National “Competetive Corporatism” .................................................77 A. REAL WAGE AND PRODUCTIVITY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EU........................................ 78 B. NO WAGE MODERATION ................................................................................................ 84 C. STRUCTURAL WAGE MODERATION ................................................................................ 90 D. BARGAINED WAGE MODERATION .................................................................................. 93 E. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 103 VII. European wage bargaining coordination..........................................108 A. EUROPEAN COORDINATION AND NATIONAL AUTONOMY............................................. 110 B. EUROPEAN BENCHMARKS AND NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS ..................................... 130 C. BARGAINING COORDINATION, EURO-TECHNOCRACY AND EURO-DEMOCRATISATION. 162 2 VIII. Transnational company mergers: the tension between “Euro-technocracy” and “Euro-democratisation” .............................166 A. THE (STRONG) EUROPEAN POLITICS OF MERGER CONTROL ......................................... 167 B. THE ROLE OF ORGANISED LABOUR IN THE EU COMPETITION POLICY .......................... 175 IX. The ABB-Alstom merger case ..........................................................181 A. TOWARDS SUPRANATIONAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES?.......................................... 182 B. TRANSNATIONAL PRE-MERGER TRADE-UNION ACTIVITIES .......................................... 190 C. THE ABB ALSTOM MERGER TRADE-UNION ACTIVITIES .............................................. 198 D. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 226 X. The Alcan-Pechiney-Algroup Merger case.......................................229 A. TOWARDS SUPRANATIONAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES?.......................................... 231 B. TRANSNATIONAL PRE-MERGER TRADE-UNION ACTIVITIES .......................................... 245 C. THE APA MERGER TRADE-UNION ACTIVITIES ............................................................. 257 D. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 300 XI. Comparing the APA and the ABB/Alstom cases ..............................303 A. EXPLAINING THE EUROPEANISATION OF ORGANISED LABOUR..................................... 304 B. THE CHOICE BETWEEN EURO-TECHNOCRACY AND EURO-DEMOCRACY....................... 308 XII. Conclusion.........................................................................................311 XIII Appendix...........................................................................................314 A. INTERVIEWS................................................................................................................ 314 B. PARTICIPATIVE OBSERVA TIONS ................................................................................... 320 C. BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 321 3 Danksagung Das Gelingen meiner Dissertation verdanke ich vor allem der Möglichkeit, am Europäischen Hochschulinstitut Florenz (EUI) promovieren zu dürfen. Mein Dank gilt insbesondere Ulrich K. Preuss, Ekkehart Krippendorff und Birgitt Grieb, die mich ermutigten, nach Florenz zu gehen sowie der Schweizerischen Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften und dem Bundesamt für Bildung und Wissenschaft, die meinen Aufenthalt am EUI finanziell unterstützten. Wegen seines transnationalen Charakters und seiner besonderen intellektuellen und kollegialen Atmosphäre erwies sich das EUI als hervorragender Kommunikations- und Studienort. Dafür möchte ich mich bei allen seinen DozentInnen, StudentInnen und Angestellten sehr herzlich bedanken. Ein besonderer Dank gilt Colin Crouch, der die Arbeit mit sehr viel Interesse, Engagement, Wohlwollen und konstruktiver Kritik betreute. Er wie auch Phillippe C. Schmitter bestärkten mich sehr, das Thema „Demokratisierung der EU – Europäisierung der Gewerkschaften“ trotz seiner Komplexität zu bearbeiten. Zudem begleiteten diese beiden Professoren mein Unterfangen stets mit guten Ratschlägen und kritischen Rückfragen. Darüber hinaus profitierte ich von den methodischen Tipps, die ich gleich zu Beginn meiner Arbeit von Stefano Bartolini erhielt. Für weitere wertvolle inhaltliche Anregungen bedanke ich mich sehr herzlich bei Adrienne Héritier, Christian Joppke, Martin Rhodes, Thomas Risse, Silvana Sciarra, Bo Stråth und Peter Wagner; Marina Bourgain, Maud Bracke, Thomas Fetzer, Hadewych Hazelzet, Martinus Keune, Peristera Kremmyda, Alkuin Kölliker, Larissa Ogertschnig-Berdiyev, Steffen Mau, Patrizia Nanz, Ulrike Mühlberger, Ingela Naumann, Frank Siebern-Thomas, Jens Steffek, Stijn Smismans und Eric Tängerstad; sowie bei meinen externen Gutachtern Ulrich K. Preuss und Franz Traxler. Ein weiteres Dankeschön gilt den DozentInnen des EUI-Sprachzentrums, insbesondere Nelius Carey, Niki Hargreaves, Nicky Owtram und Camilla Salvi. Wertvolle kritische Anregungen erhielt ich durch Diskussionen auf zahlreichen Konferenzen und Workshops innerhalb und außerhalb des EUI. Dafür bedanke ich mich besonders bei Giuseppe D’Aloia, Ingrid Artus, Alessandra Bosco, Maurice Braud, Luigi Burroni, Jon Eric Dølvik, Heiner Dribbusch, Anne Dufresne, Tilman Evers, Mike Fichter, John Geary, Corinne 4 Gobin, Andreas Gross, Peter Grottian, Bob Hancké, Reiner Hoffmann, Richard Hyman, Heinz Kleger, Sigrit Koch-Baumgarten, Luigi Lama, Pierre Lefébure, Paul Marginson, Andrew Martin, Guglielmo Meardi, René Mouriaux, Wolf-Dieter Narr, Jackie O’Reilly, Patrick Pasture, Jean-Marie Pernot, Valérie Peugeot, Philippe Pochet, Udo Rehfeldt, Tania Régin, Dominique Reynié, Dieter Sadowski, Wolfgang Schroeder, Thorsten Schulten, Sidney Tarrow, Volker Telljohann, Mike Terry, Jelle Visser und Stéphane Le Queux. Die Offenheit und das große Entgegenkommen der untersuchten Gewerkschaften und Betriebsräte beförderten den Forschungsprozess. Allen Interviewten bin ich dafür sehr dankbar. Außerdem danke ich allen Instituten und Gewerkschaften, die mir Zugang zu ihren Archiven gewährten. Dem Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (Noisy-Le-Grand), dem European Trade Union Institute (Brüssel),
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